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Gonçalves JM, Gonçalves JND, Sousa LF, Rodrigues LR, Correia-de-Sá P, Coutinho PJG, Castanheira EMS, Oliveira R, Dias AM. 2,4,5-Triaminopyrimidines as blue fluorescent probes for cell viability monitoring: synthesis, photophysical properties, and microscopy applications. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2252-2263. [PMID: 38390694 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring cell viability is critical in cell biology, pathology, and drug discovery. Most cell viability assays are cell-destructive, time-consuming, expensive, and/or hazardous. Herein, we present a series of newly synthesized 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine derivatives able to discriminate between live and dead cells. To our knowledge, these compounds are the first fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FNAs) with cell viability monitoring potential. These new fluorescent molecules are synthesized using highly efficient and cost-effective methods and feature unprecedented photophysical properties (longer absorption and emission wavelengths, environment-sensitive emission, and unprecedented brightness within FNAs). Using a live-dead Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell and theoretical assays, the fluorescent 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine derivatives were found to specifically accumulate inside dead cells by interacting with dsDNA grooves, thus paving the way for the emergence of novel and safe fluorescent cell viability markers emitting in the blue region. As the majority of commercially available viability dyes emit in the green to red region of the visible spectrum, these novel markers might be useful to meet the needs of blue markers for co-staining combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Gonçalves
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - João N D Gonçalves
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís F Sousa
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J G Coutinho
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice M Dias
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Udeneev AM, Kalyagina NA, Efendiev KT, Febenchukova AA, Kulichenko AM, Shiryaev AA, Pisareva TN, Linkov KG, Loshchenov MV. Cost-effective device for locating and circumscribing superficial tumors with contrast enhancement and fluorescence quantification. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103827. [PMID: 37797909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two Bispectral contrast enhancement approaches for the fluorescence diagnosis with chlorine-e6 and a wide field-of-view imaging system with fluorescence excitation at 405 nm and time-resolved background suppression were analyzed and compared. METHODS Two techniques for the contrast enhancement of a fluorescent video system (Red/Green (R/G) ratio and Red-Green (R-G)) with time-resolved background suppression for fluorescent diagnosis (FD) were tested in four patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). RESULTS The results of both contrast enhancement methods were compared for the diagnostic efficiency for FD of BCC. Both techniques successfully determined the boundaries of the lesions and the fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSIONS Both contrast enhancement modes have proven effective in identifying tumor borders in cases of low contrast in BCC FD with Ce6. While the Red/Green (R/G) mode provides sharper lesion borders, the Red minus Green (R-G) mode visualizes more fluorescent features and makes it easier to assess the lesion margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udeneev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia.
| | - N A Kalyagina
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - K T Efendiev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Febenchukova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - A M Kulichenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Shiryaev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No.1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - T N Pisareva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No.1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - K G Linkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M V Loshchenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
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Wang J, Tan Z, Zhu C, Xu L, Xia XH, Wang C. Ultrasensitive Multiplex Imaging of Cell Surface Proteins via Core-Shell Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoprobes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1348-1356. [PMID: 36848221 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins, as important components of biological membranes, cover a wide range of important markers of diseases and even cancers. In this regard, precise detection of their expression levels is of crucial importance for both cancer diagnosis and the development of responsive therapeutic strategies. Herein, a size-controlled core-shell Au@ Copper(II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Au@Cu-BTC) nanomaterial was synthesized for specific and simultaneous imaging of multiple protein expression levels on cell membranes. The porous shell of Cu-BTC constructed on Au nanoparticles enabled effective loading of Raman reporter molecules, followed by further modification of the targeting moieties, which equipped the nanoprobe with good specificity and stability. Additionally, given the flexibility of the types of Raman reporter molecules available for loading, the nanoprobes were also demonstrated with good multichannel imaging capabilities. Ultimately, the present strategy of electromagnetic and chemical dual Raman scattering enhancement was successfully applied for the simultaneous detection of varied proteins on cell surfaces with high sensitivity and accuracy. The proposed nanomaterial holds promising applications in biosensing and therapeutic fields, which could not only provide a general strategy for the synthesis of metal-organic framework-based core-shell surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes but also enable further utilization in multitarget and multichannel cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kaya M, Stein F, Padmanaban P, Zhang Z, Rouwkema J, Khalil ISM, Misra S. Visualization of micro-agents and surroundings by real-time multicolor fluorescence microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13375. [PMID: 35927294 PMCID: PMC9352757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical microscopy techniques are a popular choice for visualizing micro-agents. They generate images with relatively high spatiotemporal resolution but do not reveal encoded information for distinguishing micro-agents and surroundings. This study presents multicolor fluorescence microscopy for rendering color-coded identification of mobile micro-agents and dynamic surroundings by spectral unmixing. We report multicolor microscopy performance by visualizing the attachment of single and cluster micro-agents to cancer spheroids formed with HeLa cells as a proof-of-concept for targeted drug delivery demonstration. A microfluidic chip is developed to immobilize a single spheroid for the attachment, provide a stable environment for multicolor microscopy, and create a 3D tumor model. In order to confirm that multicolor microscopy is able to visualize micro-agents in vascularized environments, in vitro vasculature network formed with endothelial cells and ex ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane are employed as experimental models. Full visualization of our models is achieved by sequential excitation of the fluorophores in a round-robin manner and synchronous individual image acquisition from three-different spectrum bands. We experimentally demonstrate that multicolor microscopy spectrally decomposes micro-agents, organic bodies (cancer spheroids and vasculatures), and surrounding media utilizing fluorophores with well-separated spectrum characteristics and allows image acquisition with 1280 [Formula: see text] 1024 pixels up to 15 frames per second. Our results display that real-time multicolor microscopy provides increased understanding by color-coded visualization regarding the tracking of micro-agents, morphology of organic bodies, and clear distinction of surrounding media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Kaya
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands. .,Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabian Stein
- Vascularization Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Prasanna Padmanaban
- Vascularization Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengya Zhang
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Vascularization Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Islam S M Khalil
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Hu J, Liu F, Chen Y, Shangguan G, Ju H. Mass Spectrometric Biosensing: A Powerful Approach for Multiplexed Analysis of Clinical Biomolecules. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3517-3535. [PMID: 34529414 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of clinical biomolecules in a multiplexed fashion is of great importance for accurate diagnosis of diseases. Mass spectrometric (MS) approaches are exceptionally suitable for clinical analysis due to its high throughput, high sensitivity, and reliable qualitative and quantitative capabilities. To break through the bottleneck of MS technique for detecting high-molecular-weight substances with low ionization efficiency, the concept of mass spectrometric biosensing has been put forward by adopting mass spectrometric chips to recognize the targets and mass spectrometry to detect the signals switched by the recognition. In this review, the principle of mass spectrometric sensing, the construction of different mass tags used for biosensing, and the typical combination mode of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) technique are summarized. Future perspectives including the design of portable matching platforms, exploitation of novel mass tags, development of effective signal amplification strategies, and standardization of MSI methodologies are proposed to promote the advancements and practical applications of mass spectrometric biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoqiang Shangguan
- College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Kaya M, Stein F, Rouwkema J, Khalil ISM, Misra S. Serial imaging of micro-agents and cancer cell spheroids in a microfluidic channel using multicolor fluorescence microscopy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253222. [PMID: 34129617 PMCID: PMC8205435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to fully visualize many biological phenomena by acquiring images from different spectrum channels. This study expands the scope of multicolor fluorescence microscopy by serial imaging of polystyrene micro-beads as surrogates for drug carriers, cancer spheroids formed using HeLa cells, and microfluidic channels. Three fluorophores with different spectral characteristics are utilized to perform multicolor microscopy. According to the spectrum analysis of the fluorophores, a multicolor widefield fluorescence microscope is developed. Spectral crosstalk is corrected by exciting the fluorophores in a round-robin manner and synchronous emitted light collection. To report the performance of the multicolor microscopy, a simplified 3D tumor model is created by placing beads and spheroids inside a channel filled with the cell culture medium is imaged at varying exposure times. As a representative case and a method for bio-hybrid drug carrier fabrication, a spheroid surface is coated with beads in a channel utilizing electrostatic forces under the guidance of multicolor microscopy. Our experiments show that multicolor fluorescence microscopy enables crosstalk-free and spectrally-different individual image acquisition of beads, spheroids, and channels with the minimum exposure time of 5.5 ms. The imaging technique has the potential to monitor drug carrier transportation to cancer cells in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Kaya
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Stein
- Vascularization Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Vascularization Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Islam S. M. Khalil
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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McCarthy ME, Anglin CM, Peer HA, Boleman SA, Klaubert SR, Birtwistle MR. Protocol for Creating Antibodies with Complex Fluorescence Spectra. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1156-1166. [PMID: 34009954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent antibodies are a workhorse of biomedical science, but fluorescence multiplexing has been notoriously difficult due to spectral overlap between fluorophores. We recently established proof-of-principal for fluorescence Multiplexing using Spectral Imaging and Combinatorics (MuSIC), which uses combinations of existing fluorophores to create unique spectral signatures for increased multiplexing. However, a method for labeling antibodies with MuSIC probes has not yet been developed. Here, we present a method for labeling antibodies with MuSIC probes. We conjugate a DBCO-Peg5-NHS ester linker to antibodies and a single-stranded DNA "docking strand" to the linker and, finally, hybridize two MuSIC-compatible, fluorescently labeled oligos to the docking strand. We validate the labeling protocol with spin-column purification and absorbance measurements. We demonstrate the approach using (i) Cy3, (ii) Tex615, and (iii) a Cy3-Tex615 combination as three different MuSIC probes attached to three separate batches of antibodies. We created single-, double-, and triple-positive beads that are analogous to single cells by incubating MuSIC probe-labeled antibodies with protein A beads. Spectral flow cytometry experiments demonstrate that each MuSIC probe can be uniquely distinguished, and the fraction of beads in a mixture with different staining patterns are accurately inferred. The approach is general and might be more broadly applied to cell-type profiling or tissue heterogeneity studies in clinical, biomedical, and drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E McCarthy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Caitlin M Anglin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Heather A Peer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sevanna A Boleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Stephanie R Klaubert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Bae SM, Bae DJ, Do EJ, Oh G, Yoo SW, Lee GJ, Chae JS, Yun Y, Kim S, Kim KH, Chung E, Kim JK, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Joo J, Kim SY, Myung SJ. Multi-Spectral Fluorescence Imaging of Colon Dysplasia InVivo Using a Multi-Spectral Endoscopy System. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:226-235. [PMID: 30419540 PMCID: PMC6231290 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: To develop a molecular imaging endoscopic system that eliminates tissue autofluorescence and distinguishes multiple fluorescent markers specifically on the cancerous lesions. METHODS: Newly developed multi-spectral fluorescence endoscope device has the potential to eliminate signal interference due to autofluorescence and multiplex fluorophores in fluorescent probes. The multiplexing capability of the multi-spectral endoscope device was demonstrated in the phantom studies and multi-spectral imaging with endoscopy and macroscopy was performed to analyze fluorescence signals after administration of fluorescent probe that targets cancer in the colon. Because of the limitations in the clinical application using rigid-type small animal endoscope, we developed a flexible channel insert-type fluorescence endoscope, which was validated on the colonoscopy of dummy and porcine model. RESULTS: We measured multiple fluorescent signals simultaneously, and the fluorescence spectra were unmixed to separate the fluorescent signals of each probe, in which multiple fluorescent probes clearly revealed spectral deconvolution at the specific targeting area in the mouse colon. The positive area of fluorescence signal for each probe over the whole polyp was segmented with analyzing software, and showed distinctive patterns and significantly distinguishable values: 0.46 ± 0.04, 0.39 ± 0.08 and 0.73 ± 0.12 for HMRG, CET-553 and TRA-675 probes, respectively. The spectral unmixing was finally demonstrated in the dummy and porcine model, corroborating the targeted multi-spectral fluorescence imaging of colon dysplasia. CONCLUSION: The multi-spectral endoscopy system may allow endoscopists to clearly identify cancerous lesion that has different patterns of various target expression using multiple fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Gyungseok Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju, Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Gil-Je Lee
- Discovery and Analytic Solution, PerkinElmer Korea, Seoul 08380, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Chae
- Discovery and Analytic Solution, PerkinElmer Korea, Seoul 08380, South Korea
| | - Youngkuk Yun
- Discovery and Analytic Solution, PerkinElmer Korea, Seoul 08380, South Korea
| | - Sungjee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju, Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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9
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Krstajić N, Mills B, Murray I, Marshall A, Norberg D, Craven TH, Emanuel P, Choudhary TR, Williams GOS, Scholefield E, Akram AR, Davie A, Hirani N, Bruce A, Moore A, Bradley M, Dhaliwal K. Low-cost high sensitivity pulsed endomicroscopy to visualize tricolor optical signatures. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-12. [PMID: 29992799 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, modular three-color fluorescence endomicroscopy imaging platform spanning the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range is demonstrated. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were sequentially pulsed along with the camera acquisition to provide up to 20 frames per second (fps) three-color imaging performance or 60 fps single color imaging. The system was characterized for bacterial and cellular molecular imaging in ex vivo human lung tissue and for bacterial and indocyanine green imaging in ex vivo perfused sheep lungs. A practical method to reduce background tissue autofluorescence is also proposed. The platform was clinically translated into six patients with pulmonary disease to delineate healthy, cancerous, and fibrotic tissue autofluorescent structures. The instrument is the most broadband clinical endomicroscopy system developed to date (covering visible to the NIR, 500 to 900 nm) and demonstrates significant potential for future clinical utility due to its low cost and modular capability to suit a wide variety of molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Krstajić
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, Edi, United Kingdom
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Mills
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Murray
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Marshall
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Norberg
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Craven
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Emanuel
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar R Choudhary
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
- Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth O S Williams
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Scholefield
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan R Akram
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davie
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Department of Medical Physics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nik Hirani
- University of Edinburgh, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Annya Bruce
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Moore
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, EaStChem, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EPSRC IRC Hub in Optical Molecular Sens, United Kingdom
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10
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Qiu Z, Piyawattanamatha W. New Endoscopic Imaging Technology Based on MEMS Sensors and Actuators. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8070210. [PMID: 30400401 PMCID: PMC6190023 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, optical fiber-based forms of microscopy and endoscopy have extended the realm of applicability for many imaging modalities. Optical fiber-based imaging modalities permit the use of remote illumination sources and enable flexible forms supporting the creation of portable and hand-held imaging instrumentations to interrogate within hollow tissue cavities. A common challenge in the development of such devices is the design and integration of miniaturized optical and mechanical components. Until recently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and actuators have been playing a key role in shaping the miniaturization of these components. This is due to the precision mechanics of MEMS, microfabrication techniques, and optical functionality enabling a wide variety of movable and tunable mirrors, lenses, filters, and other optical structures. Many promising results from MEMS based optical fiber endoscopy have demonstrated great potentials for clinical translation. In this article, reviews of MEMS sensors and actuators for various fiber-optical endoscopy such as fluorescence, optical coherence tomography, confocal, photo-acoustic, and two-photon imaging modalities will be discussed. This advanced MEMS based optical fiber endoscopy can provide cellular and molecular features with deep tissue penetration enabling guided resections and early cancer assessment to better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Wibool Piyawattanamatha
- Departments of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
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11
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Jiang Y, Gong Y, Rubenstein JH, Wang TD, Seibel EJ. Toward real-time quantification of fluorescence molecular probes using target/background ratio for guiding biopsy and endoscopic therapy of esophageal neoplasia. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:024502. [PMID: 28560244 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.2.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal endoscopy using fluorescence molecular probes is a promising method of surveying the entire esophagus to detect cancer progression. Using the fluorescence ratio of a target compared to a surrounding background, a quantitative value is diagnostic for progression from Barrett's esophagus to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, current quantification of fluorescent images is done only after the endoscopic procedure. We developed a Chan-Vese-based algorithm to segment fluorescence targets, and subsequent morphological operations to generate background, thus calculating target/background (T/B) ratios, potentially to provide real-time guidance for biopsy and endoscopic therapy. With an initial processing speed of 2 fps and by calculating the T/B ratio for each frame, our method provides quasireal-time quantification of the molecular probe labeling to the endoscopist. Furthermore, an automatic computer-aided diagnosis algorithm can be applied to the recorded endoscopic video, and the overall T/B ratio is calculated for each patient. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to determine the threshold for classification of HGD/EAC using leave-one-out cross-validation. With 92% sensitivity and 75% specificity to classify HGD/EAC, our automatic algorithm shows promising results for a surveillance procedure to help manage esophageal cancer and other cancers inspected by endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Yuanzheng Gong
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joel H Rubenstein
- University of Michigan, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Thomas D Wang
- University of Michigan, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Eric J Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
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12
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Park KS, Kim DU, Lee J, Kim GH, Chang KS. Simultaneous multicolor imaging of wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with four-bucket detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2285-2294. [PMID: 27375944 PMCID: PMC4918582 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores using wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with a monochrome camera. The intensities of the three lasers are modulated by a sinusoidal waveform in order to excite each fluorophore with the same modulation frequency and a different time-delay. Then, the modulated fluorescence emissions are simultaneously detected by a camera operating at four times the excitation frequency. We show that two different fluorescence beads having crosstalk can be clearly separated using digital processing based on the phase information. In addition, multiple organelles within multi-stained single cells are shown with the phase mapping method, demonstrating an improved dynamic range and contrast compared to the conventional fluorescence image. These findings suggest that wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with four-bucket detection could be utilized for high-contrast multicolor imaging applications such as drug delivery and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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13
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ten Buren EBJ, Karrenbelt MAP, Lingemann M, Chordia S, Deng Y, Hu J, Verest JM, Wu V, Gonzalez TJB, van Heck RGA, Odoni DI, Schonewille T, van der Straat L, de Graaff LH, van Passel MWJ. Toolkit for visualization of the cellular structure and organelles in Aspergillus niger. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:995-8. [PMID: 25524108 DOI: 10.1021/sb500304m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus that is extensively used in industrial fermentations for protein expression and the production of organic acids. Inherent biosynthetic capabilities, such as the capacity to secrete these biomolecules in high amounts, make A. niger an attractive production host. Although A. niger is renowned for this ability, the knowledge of the molecular components that underlie its production capacity, intercellular trafficking processes and secretion mechanisms is far from complete. Here, we introduce a standardized set of tools, consisting of an N-terminal GFP-actin fusion and codon optimized eforRed chromoprotein. Expression of the GFP-actin construct facilitates visualization of the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton, whereas expression of the chromoprotein construct results in a clearly distinguishable red phenotype. These experimentally validated constructs constitute the first set of standardized A. niger biomarkers, which can be used to study morphology, intercellular trafficking, and secretion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark W. J. van Passel
- Laboratory
for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious
Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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14
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McVeigh PZ, Sacho R, Weersink RA, Pereira VM, Kucharczyk W, Seibel EJ, Wilson BC, Krings T. High-resolution angioscopic imaging during endovascular neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2014; 75:171-80; discussion 179-80. [PMID: 24762703 PMCID: PMC4086773 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoluminal optical imaging, or angioscopy, has not seen widespread application during neurointerventional procedures, largely as a result of the poor imaging resolution of existing angioscopes. Scanning fiber endoscopes (SFEs) are a novel endoscopic platform that allows high-resolution video imaging in an ultraminiature form factor that is compatible with currently used distal access endoluminal catheters. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility and potential utility of high-resolution angioscopy with an SFE during common endovascular neurosurgical procedures. METHODS A 3.7-French SFE was used in a porcine model system to image endothelial disruption, ischemic stroke and mechanical thrombectomy, aneurysm coiling, and flow-diverting stent placement. RESULTS High-resolution, video-rate imaging was shown to be possible during all of the common procedures tested and provided information that was complementary to standard fluoroscopic imaging. SFE angioscopy was able to assess novel factors such as aneurysm base coverage fraction and side branch patency, which have previously not been possible to determine with conventional angiography. CONCLUSION Endovascular imaging with an SFE provides important information on factors that cannot be assessed fluoroscopically and is a novel platform on which future neurointerventional techniques may be based because it allows for periprocedural inspection of the integrity of the vascular system and the deployed devices. In addition, it may be of diagnostic use for inspecting the vascular wall and postprocedure device evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z McVeigh
- *Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; ‡Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; §Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; ¶Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ‖Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; #Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; **Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Gong Y, Hu D, Hannaford B, Seibel EJ. Accurate three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of surgical field using calibrated trajectories of an image-guided medical robot. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2014; 1:035002. [PMID: 26158071 PMCID: PMC4478723 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.1.3.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor margin removal is challenging because diseased tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Leaving residual tumor leads to decreased survival, and removing normal tissue causes life-long neurological deficits. Thus, a surgical robotics system with a high degree of dexterity, accurate navigation, and highly precise resection is an ideal candidate for image-guided removal of fluorescently labeled brain tumor cells. To image, we developed a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) which acquires concurrent reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at a high resolution. This miniature flexible endoscope was affixed to the arm of a RAVEN II surgical robot providing programmable motion with feedback control using stereo-pair surveillance cameras. To verify the accuracy of the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructed surgical field, a multimodal physical-sized model of debulked brain tumor was used to obtain the 3-D locations of residual tumor for robotic path planning to remove fluorescent cells. Such reconstruction is repeated intraoperatively during margin clean-up so the algorithm efficiency and accuracy are important to the robotically assisted surgery. Experimental results indicate that the time for creating this 3-D surface can be reduced to one-third by using known trajectories of a robot arm, and the error from the reconstructed phantom is within 0.67 mm in average compared to the model design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Gong
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Danying Hu
- University of Washington, Department of Electrical Engineering, Biorobotics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Blake Hannaford
- University of Washington, Department of Electrical Engineering, Biorobotics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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16
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Gong Y, Soper TD, Hou VW, Hu D, Hannaford B, Seibel EJ. Mapping surgical fields by moving a laser-scanning multimodal scope attached to a robot arm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9036. [PMID: 34321710 DOI: 10.1117/12.2044165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic visualization in brain tumor removal is challenging because tumor tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Fluorescence imaging can improve tumor delineation, though this impairs reflectance-based visualization of gross anatomical features. To accurately navigate and resect tumors, we created an ultrathin/flexible, scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) that acquires reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at high-resolution. Furthermore, our miniature imaging system is affixed to a robotic arm providing programmable motion of SFE, from which we generate multimodal surface maps of the surgical field. To test this system, synthetic phantoms of debulked tumor from brain are fabricated having spots of fluorescence representing residual tumor. Three-dimension (3D) surface maps of this surgical field are produced by moving the SFE over the phantom during concurrent reflectance and fluorescence imaging (30Hz video). SIFT-based feature matching between reflectance images is implemented to select a subset of key frames, which are reconstructed in 3D by bundle adjustment. The resultant reconstruction yields a multimodal 3D map of the tumor region that can improve visualization and robotic path planning. Efficiency of creating these 3D maps is important as they are generated multiple times during tumor margin clean-up. By using pre-programmed motions of the robot arm holding the SFE, the computer vision algorithms are optimized for efficiency by reducing search times. Preliminary results indicate that the time for creating these multimodal maps of the surgical field can be reduced to one third by using known trajectories of the surgical robot moving the image-guided tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Gong
- Human Photonics Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Timothy D Soper
- Human Photonics Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Vivian W Hou
- Human Photonics Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Danying Hu
- Biorobotics Lab, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Blake Hannaford
- Biorobotics Lab, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Human Photonics Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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17
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Yang C, Hou VW, Girard EJ, Nelson LY, Seibel EJ. Target-to-background enhancement in multispectral endoscopy with background autofluorescence mitigation for quantitative molecular imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:76014. [PMID: 25027002 PMCID: PMC4098034 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.076014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence molecular imaging with exogenous probes improves specificity for the detection of diseased tissues by targeting unambiguous molecular signatures. Additionally, increased diagnostic sensitivity is expected with the application of multiple molecular probes. We developed a real-time multispectral fluorescence-reflectance scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) for wide-field molecular imaging of fluorescent dye-labeled molecular probes at nanomolar detection levels. Concurrent multichannel imaging with the wide-field SFE also allows for real-time mitigation of the background autofluorescence (AF) signal, especially when fluorescein, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved dye, is used as the target fluorophore. Quantitative tissue AF was measured for the ex vivo porcine esophagus and murine brain tissues across the visible and nearinfrared spectra. AF signals were then transferred to the unit of targeted fluorophore concentration to evaluate the SFE detection sensitivity for sodium fluorescein and cyanine. Next, we demonstrated a real-time AF mitigation algorithm on a tissue phantom, which featured molecular probe targeted cells of high-grade dysplasia on a substrate containing AF species. The target-to-background ratio was enhanced by more than one order of magnitude when applying the real-time AF mitigation algorithm. Furthermore, a quantitative estimate of the fluorescein photodegradation (photobleaching) rate was evaluated and shown to be insignificant under the illumination conditions of SFE. In summary, the multichannel laser-based flexible SFE has demonstrated the capability to provide sufficient detection sensitivity, image contrast, and quantitative target intensity information for detecting small precancerous lesions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Yang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Vivian W. Hou
- University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Emily J. Girard
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Leonard Y. Nelson
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Eric J. Seibel,
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