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Howlett ID, Han W, Gordon M, Rice P, Barton JK, Kostuk RK. Volume holographic imaging endoscopic design and construction techniques. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:56010. [PMID: 28564690 PMCID: PMC5449719 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.5.056010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A reflectance volume holographic imaging (VHI) endoscope has been designed for simultaneous in vivo imaging of surface and subsurface tissue structures. Prior utilization of VHI systems has been limited to ex vivo tissue imaging. The VHI system presented in this work is designed for laparoscopic use. It consists of a probe section that relays light from the tissue sample to a handheld unit that contains the VHI microscope. The probe section is constructed from gradient index (GRIN) lenses that form a 1:1 relay for image collection. The probe has an outer diameter of 3.8 mm and is capable of achieving 228.1 ?? lp / mm resolution with 660-nm Kohler illumination. The handheld optical section operates with a magnification of 13.9 and a field of view of 390 ?? ? m × 244 ?? ? m . System performance is assessed through imaging of 1951 USAF resolution targets and soft tissue samples. The system has also passed sterilization procedures required for surgical use and has been used in two laparoscopic surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela D. Howlett
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Isela D. Howlett, E-mail:
| | - Wanglei Han
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Michael Gordon
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Photini Rice
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Raymond K. Kostuk
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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Liu J, Irudayaraj JMK. Non-fluorescent quantification of single mRNA with transient absorption microscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19242-19248. [PMID: 27883134 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection is confounded by the background signals from the biological environment, such as autofluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, or turbidity in cells and tissues. In this article, we report on the utilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an orthogonal probe for non-fluorescence detection of single molecules with a transient absorption microscopy (TAM). The developed system and concepts were validated by quantitative evaluation of human epidermal receptor 2 (Her2) mRNA in cancer cells and tissues at single copy sensitivity. Results from TAM suggest that the average number of Her2 copies in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells is 203.19 ± 80.48, and 11.29 ± 4.47, respectively. Furthermore, TAM offers excellent signal-to-noise ratio in detecting mRNA in clinical tissues, indicating a significantly higher expression of Her2 genes in breast cancer tissues than that of normal tissues. Our single cell quantification TAM strategy was validated with a fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Our demonstration shows that TAM has the potential to provide a new dimension in biomarker quantification at single molecule sensitivity in turbid biological environments providing a strong basis for clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA. and Biochemical Spatio-Temporal NetWork Resource (BioSNTR), State of South Dakota, USA
| | - Joseph M K Irudayaraj
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Cui Y, Liu J, Irudayaraj J. Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre-mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27813271 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In situ analysis offers a venue for dissecting the complex transcriptome in its natural context to tap into cellular processes that could explain the phenotypic physiology and pathology yet to be understood. Over the past decades, enormous progress has been made to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and specificity of single-cell technologies. The continued efforts in RNA research not only facilitates mechanistic studies of molecular biology but also provides state-of-the-art strategies for diagnostic purposes. The implementation of novel bio-imaging platforms has yielded valuable information for inspecting gene expression, mapping regulatory networks, and classifying cell types. In this article, we discuss the merits and technical challenges in single-molecule in situ RNA profiling. Advanced in situ hybridization methodologies developed for a variety of detection modalities are reviewed. Considering the fact that in mammalian cells the number of protein products immensely exceeds that of the actual coding genes due to pre-mRNA alternative splicing, tools capable of elucidating this process in intact cells are highlighted. To conclude, we point out future directions for in situ transcriptome analysis and expect a plethora of opportunities and discoveries in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1443. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1443 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Dashtabi MM, Massudi R. Nonlinear optical microscopy improvement by focal-point axial modulation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:56006. [PMID: 27228504 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.056006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important challenges of microscopy—even more important than the resolution enhancement, especially in biological and neuroscience applications—is noninvasive and label-free imaging deeper into live scattering samples. However, the fundamental limitation on imaging depth is the signal-to-background ratio in scattering biological tissues. Here, using a vibrating microscope objective in conjunction with a lock-in amplifier, we demonstrate the background cancellation in imaging the samples surrounded by turbid and scattering media, which leads to more clear images deeper into the samples. Furthermore, this technique offers the localization and resolution enhancement as well as resolves ambiguities in signal interpretation, using a single-color laser. This technique is applicable to most nonlinear as well as some linear point-scanning optical microscopies.
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