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Korolj A, Kohler RH, Scott E, Halabi EA, Lucas K, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. Perfusion Window Chambers Enable Interventional Analyses of Tumor Microenvironments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304886. [PMID: 37870204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) allows spatial and temporal imaging of different cell types in intact live tissue microenvironments. IVM has played a critical role in understanding cancer biology, invasion, metastases, and drug development. One considerable impediment to the field is the inability to interrogate the tumor microenvironment and its communication cascades during disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Here, a new implantable perfusion window chamber (PWC) is described that allows high-fidelity in vivo microscopy, local administration of stains and drugs, and longitudinal sampling of tumor interstitial fluid. This study shows that the new PWC design allows cyclic multiplexed imaging in vivo, imaging of drug action, and sampling of tumor-shed materials. The PWC will be broadly useful as a novel perturbable in vivo system for deciphering biology in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Korolj
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ella Scott
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Elias A Halabi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan C T Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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2
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Kuo CW, Pratiwi FW, Liu YT, Chueh DY, Chen P. Revealing the nanometric structural changes in myocardial infarction models by time-lapse intravital imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:935415. [PMID: 36051583 PMCID: PMC9424828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.935415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of bioinspired nanomaterials for therapeutic applications, it is very important to validate the design of nanomaterials in the disease models. Therefore, it is desirable to visualize the change of the cells in the diseased site at the nanoscale. Heart diseases often start with structural, morphological, and functional alterations of cardiomyocyte components at the subcellular level. Here, we developed straightforward technique for long-term real-time intravital imaging of contracting hearts without the need of cardiac pacing and complex post processing images to understand the subcellular structural and dynamic changes in the myocardial infarction model. A two-photon microscope synchronized with electrocardiogram signals was used for long-term in vivo imaging of a contracting heart with subcellular resolution. We found that the structural and dynamic behaviors of organelles in cardiomyocytes closely correlated with heart function. In the myocardial infarction model, sarcomere shortening decreased from ∼15% (healthy) to ∼8% (diseased) as a result of impaired cardiac function, whereas the distances between sarcomeres increased by 100 nm (from 2.11 to 2.21 μm) in the diastolic state. In addition, T-tubule system regularity analysis revealed that T-tubule structures that were initially highly organized underwent significant remodeling. Morphological remodeling and changes in dynamic activity at the subcellular level are essential to maintain heart function after infarction in a heart disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Di-Yen Chueh
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Peilin Chen,
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3
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Ko J, Lucas K, Kohler R, Halabi EA, Wilkovitsch M, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. In Vivo Click Chemistry Enables Multiplexed Intravital Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200064. [PMID: 35750648 PMCID: PMC9405492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to observe cells in live organisms is essential for understanding their function in complex in vivo milieus. A major challenge today has been the limited ability to perform higher multiplexing beyond four to six colors to define cell subtypes in vivo. Here, a click chemistry-based strategy is presented for higher multiplexed in vivo imaging in mouse models. The method uses a scission-accelerated fluorophore exchange (SAFE), which exploits a highly efficient bioorthogonal mechanism to completely remove fluorescent signal from antibody-labeled cells in vivo. It is shown that the SAFE-intravital microscopy imaging method allows 1) in vivo staining of specific cell types in dorsal and cranial window chambers of mice, 2) complete un-staining in minutes, 3) in vivo click chemistries at lower (µm) and thus non-toxic concentrations, and 4) the ability to perform in vivo cyclic imaging. The potential utility of the method is demonstrated by 12 color imaging of immune cells in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Rainer Kohler
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Elias A. Halabi
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical School200 Longwood AveBostonMA02115USA
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4
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Kalia N. A historical review of experimental imaging of the beating heart coronary microcirculation in vivo. J Anat 2021; 242:3-16. [PMID: 34905637 PMCID: PMC9773169 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the prognosis of patients is highly dependent upon the re-establishment of perfusion not only in the occluded coronary artery, but also within the coronary microcirculation. However, our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of the tiniest blood vessels of the heart is limited primarily because no current clinical imaging tools can directly visualise them. Moreover, in vivo experimental studies of the beating heart using intravital imaging have also been hampered due to obvious difficulties related to significant inherent contractile motion, movement of the heart brought about by nearby lungs and its location in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent advances in microscopy techniques, and the development of fluorescent reporter mice and fluorescently conjugated antibodies allowing visualisation of vascular structures, thromboinflammatory cells and blood flow, have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and increase our basic understanding of cardiac microvascular pathophysiology. In this review, the elegant attempts of the pioneers in intravital imaging of the beating heart will be discussed, which focussed on providing new insights into the anatomy and physiology of the healthy heart microvessels. The reviews end with the more recent studies that focussed on disease pathology and increasing our understanding of myocardial thromboinflammatory cell recruitment and flow disturbances, particularly in the setting of diseases such as MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research GroupInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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5
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Stoy WM, Yang B, Kight A, Wright NC, Borden PY, Stanley GB, Forest CR. Compensation of physiological motion enables high-yield whole-cell recording in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:109008. [PMID: 33242530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-cell patch-clamp recording in vivo is the gold-standard method for measuring subthreshold electrophysiology from single cells during behavioural tasks, sensory stimulations, and optogenetic manipulation. However, these recordings require a tight, gigaohm resistance, seal between a glass pipette electrode's aperture and a cell's membrane. These seals are difficult to form, especially in vivo, in part because of a strong dependence on the distance between the pipette aperture and cell membrane. NEW METHOD We elucidate and utilize this dependency to develop an autonomous method for placement and synchronization of pipette's tip aperture to the membrane of a nearby, moving neuron, which enables high-yield seal formation and subsequent recordings deep in the brain of the living mouse. RESULTS This synchronization procedure nearly doubles the reported gigaseal yield in the thalamus (>3 mm below the pial surface) from 26 % (n = 17/64) to 48 % (n = 32/66). Whole-cell recording yield improved from 10 % (n = 9/88) to 24 % (n = 18/76) when motion compensation was used during the gigaseal formation. As an example of its application, we utilized this system to investigate the role of the sensory environment and ventral posterior medial region (VPM) projection synchrony on intracellular dynamics in the barrel cortex. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Current methods of in vivo whole-cell patch clamping do not synchronize the position of the pipette to motion of the cell. CONCLUSIONS This method results in substantially greater subcortical whole-cell recording yield than previously reported and thus makes pan-brain whole-cell electrophysiology practical in the living mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Stoy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bo Yang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ali Kight
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nathaniel C Wright
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peter Y Borden
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Garrett B Stanley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig R Forest
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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6
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Yang R, Liao H, Ma W, Li J, Wang S. A Compact High-Speed Image-Based Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Motion of Living Tissues. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164573. [PMID: 32824066 PMCID: PMC7472052 DOI: 10.3390/s20164573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative imaging of living tissue at the cell level by endomicroscopy might help surgeons optimize surgical procedures and provide individualized treatments. However, the resolution of the microscopic image is limited by the motion of living tissue caused by heartbeat and respiration. An active motion compensation (AMC) strategy has been recognized as an effective way to reduce, or even eliminate, the influence of tissue movement for intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVM). To realize the AMC system, a high-speed sensor for measuring the motion of tissues is needed. At present, state-of-the-art commercialized displacement sensors are not suitable to apply in minimally invasive imaging instruments to measure the motion of living tissues because of the size problem, range of measurement or the update rate. In this study, a compact high-speed image-based method for measuring the longitudinal motion of living tissues is proposed. The complexity of the proposed method is the same as that of the traditional wide-field fluorescent microscopy (WFFM) system, which makes it easy to be miniaturized and integrated into a minimally invasive imaging instrument. Experimental results reveal that the maximum indication error, range of measurement and the sensitivity of the laboratory-built experimental prototype is 150 μm, 6 mm and −211.46 mm−1 respectively. Experimental results indicate that the proposed optical method is expected to be used in minimally invasive imaging instruments to build an AMC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.Y.); (W.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Heqin Liao
- National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China;
| | - Weng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.Y.); (W.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory for Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.Y.); (W.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.Y.); (W.M.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MRE, Chilian WM, Nishimura N, Small DM. Intravital Microscopy of the Beating Murine Heart to Understand Cardiac Leukocyte Dynamics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32117249 PMCID: PMC7010807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented insight into leukocyte biology by enabling the visualization of dynamic responses within living organ systems at the cell-scale. The heart presents a uniquely dynamic microenvironment driven by periodic, synchronous electrical conduction leading to rhythmic contractions of cardiomyocytes, and phasic coronary blood flow. In addition to functions shared throughout the body, immune cells have specific functions in the heart including tissue-resident macrophage-facilitated electrical conduction and rapid monocyte infiltration upon injury. Leukocyte responses to cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been well-studied using standard techniques, however, certain questions related to spatiotemporal relationships remain unanswered. Intravital imaging techniques could greatly benefit our understanding of the complexities of in vivo leukocyte behavior within cardiac tissue, but these techniques have been challenging to apply. Different approaches have been developed including high frame rate imaging of the beating heart, explantation models, micro-endoscopy, and mechanical stabilization coupled with various acquisition schemes to overcome challenges specific to the heart. The field of cardiac science has only begun to benefit from intravital microscopy techniques. The current focused review presents an overview of leukocyte responses in the heart, recent developments in intravital microscopy for the murine heart, and a discussion of future developments and applications for cardiovascular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Allan-Rahill
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael R E Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David M Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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8
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Kavanagh DPJ, Kalia N. Live Intravital Imaging of Cellular Trafficking in the Cardiac Microvasculature-Beating the Odds. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2782. [PMID: 31849965 PMCID: PMC6901937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in the developed world are falling, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not. Each year, the number of people either being diagnosed as suffering with CVD or undergoing a surgical procedure related to it, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, continues to increase. In order to ensure that we can effectively manage these diseases in the future, it is critical that we fully understand their basic physiology and their underlying causative factors. Over recent years, the important role of the cardiac microcirculation in both acute and chronic disorders of the heart has become clear. The recruitment of inflammatory cells into the cardiac microcirculation and their subsequent activation may contribute significantly to tissue damage, adverse remodeling, and poor outcomes during recovery. However, our basic understanding of the cardiac microcirculation is hampered by an historic inability to image the microvessels of the beating heart-something we have been able to achieve in other organs for over 100 years. This stems from a couple of clear and obvious difficulties related to imaging the heart-firstly, it has significant inherent contractile motion and is affected considerably by the movement of lungs. Secondly, it is located in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent microscopic and technological developments have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and to begin to answer some of the basic outstanding questions in cardiac microvascular physiology, particularly in relation to inflammatory cell recruitment. In this review, we will discuss some of the historic work that took place in the latter part of last century toward cardiac intravital, before moving onto the advanced work that has been performed since. This work, which has utilized technology such as spinning-disk confocal and multiphoton microscopy, has-along with some significant advancements in algorithms and software-unlocked our ability to image the "business end" of the cardiac vascular tree. This review will provide an overview of these techniques, as well as some practical pointers toward software and other tools that may be useful for other researchers who are considering utilizing this technique themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Philip John Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Vinegoni C, Feruglio PF, Gryczynski I, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Fluorescence anisotropy imaging in drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:262-288. [PMID: 29410158 PMCID: PMC6072632 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of drug-target engagement can provide critical insights in the molecular pharmacology of small molecule drugs. Fluorescence polarization/fluorescence anisotropy measurements are commonly employed in protein/cell screening assays. However, the expansion of such measurements to the in vivo setting has proven difficult until recently. With the advent of high-resolution fluorescence anisotropy microscopy it is now possible to perform kinetic measurements of intracellular drug distribution and target engagement in commonly used mouse models. In this review we discuss the background, current advances and future perspectives in intravital fluorescence anisotropy measurements to derive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements in single cells and whole organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Abstract
Myeloid cells assume a wide range of phenotypes, some of which are protective against injury and infection whilst others promote cardiovascular disease. This heterogeneity is partially caused by switching of cell sources from local tissue-resident macrophage proliferation to recruitment of circulating cells, and partially due to macrophages' phenotypic plasticity. While long-lived tissue-resident macrophages support development, tissue homoeostasis and cardiac conduction, monocyte-derived cells may promote destruction of the arterial wall and the myocardium, leading to organ ischaemia and heart failure. Influencing myeloid cell flux and phenotype shifts emerges as a therapeutic opportunity in many disease areas, including atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. However, it is currently unclear which cell subsets and drug targets are the most efficient and safest options. Here I review the neutrophil and macrophage supply chain and the cells' emerging heterogeneity in the setting of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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