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Lin YP, Ku CH, Chang CC, Chang ST. Effects of intravascular photobiomodulation on cognitive impairment and crossed cerebellar diaschisis in patients with traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:108. [PMID: 37076743 PMCID: PMC10115718 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The association between intravascular photobiomodulation (iPBM) and crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unknown. We postulate that iPBM might enable greater neurologic improvements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of iPBM on the prognosis of patients with TBI. In this longitudinal study, patients who were diagnosed with TBI were recruited. CCD was identified from brain perfusion images when the uptake difference of both cerebella was > 20%. Thus, two groups were identified: CCD( +) and CCD( -). All patients received general traditional physical therapy and three courses of iPBM (helium-neon laser illuminator, 632.8 nm). Treatment assemblies were conducted on weekdays for 2 consecutive weeks as a solitary treatment course. Three courses of iPBM were performed over 2-3 months, with 1-3 weeks of rest between each course. The outcomes were measured using the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) tool. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Generalized estimating equations were used to verify the associations of various effects between the two groups. p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Thirty patients were included and classified into the CCD( +) and CCD( -) groups (n = 15, each group). Statistics showed that before iPBM, CCD in the CCD( +) group was 2.74 (exp 1.0081) times higher than that of CCD( -) group (p = 0.1632). After iPBM, the CCD was 0.64 (exp-0.4436) times lower in the CCD( +) group than in the CCD( -) group (p < 0.0001). Cognitive assessment revealed that, before iPBM, the CCD( +) group had a non-significantly 0.1030 lower LCF score than that of CCD( -) group (p = 0.1632). Similarly, the CCD( +) group had a non-significantly 0.0013 higher score than that of CCD( -) after iPBM treatment (p = 0.7041), indicating no significant differences between the CCD( +) or CCD( -) following iPBM and general physical therapy. CCD was less likely to appear in iPBM-treated patients. Additionally, iPBM was not associated with LCF score. Administration of iPBM could be applied in TBI patients to reduce the occurrence of CCD. The study failed to show differences in cognitive function after iPBM, which still serves as an alternative non-pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ku
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chiang Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, # 161, Section 6, Minquan East Road, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, # 161, Section 6, Minquan East Road, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Zuoying Dist., # 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., 813414, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chailakhyan RK, Grosheva AG, Vorob'eva NN, Sviridov AP, Yusupov VI. Laser Thermo-Photobiomodulation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:523-526. [PMID: 36899204 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of laser radiation of moderate intensity with a wavelength of 970 nm on the efficiency of colony formation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro. In this case, photobimodulation and thermal heating of MSC occur simultaneously. This combined laser treatment allows increasing the number of colonies by 6 times in comparison with the control and by more than 3 times in comparison with thermal heating alone. The mechanism of such an increase is associated with combined thermal and light effects of laser radiation of moderate intensity, which stimulates cell proliferation. This phenomenon can be used as the basis for solving the most important task of cell transplantation, associated with the expansion of autologous stem cells and activation of their proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chailakhyan
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Grosheva
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Vorob'eva
- Federal Research Center of Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Sviridov
- Federal Research Center of Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V I Yusupov
- Federal Research Center of Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Bikmulina P, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Yusupov V, Gogvadze V, Rochev Y, Timashev P. Photobiomodulation in 3D tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:090901. [PMID: 36104833 PMCID: PMC9473299 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The method of photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in medicine for a long time to promote anti-inflammation and pain-resolving processes in different organs and tissues. PBM triggers numerous cellular pathways including stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alteration of the cytoskeleton, cell death prevention, increasing proliferative activity, and directing cell differentiation. The most effective wavelengths for PBM are found within the optical window (750 to 1100 nm), in which light can permeate tissues and other water-containing structures to depths of up to a few cm. PBM already finds its applications in the developing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the diversity of three-dimensional (3D) systems, irradiation sources, and protocols intricate the PBM applications. AIM We aim to discuss the PBM and 3D tissue engineered constructs to define the fields of interest for PBM applications in tissue engineering. APPROACH First, we provide a brief overview of PBM and the timeline of its development. Then, we discuss the optical properties of 3D cultivation systems and important points of light dosimetry. Finally, we analyze the cellular pathways induced by PBM and outcomes observed in various 3D tissue-engineered constructs: hydrogels, scaffolds, spheroids, cell sheets, bioprinted structures, and organoids. RESULTS Our summarized results demonstrate the great potential of PBM in the stimulation of the cell survival and viability in 3D conditions. The strategies to achieve different cell physiology states with particular PBM parameters are outlined. CONCLUSIONS PBM has already proved itself as a convenient and effective tool to prevent drastic cellular events in the stress conditions. Because of the poor viability of cells in scaffolds and the convenience of PBM devices, 3D tissue engineering is a perspective field for PBM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Bikmulina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Troitsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yury Rochev
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Timashev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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Application of Fibrin Associated with Photobiomodulation as a Promising Strategy to Improve Regeneration in Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153150. [PMID: 35956667 PMCID: PMC9370794 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin, derived from proteins involved in blood clotting (fibrinogen and thrombin), is a biopolymer with different applications in the health area since it has hemostasis, biocompatible and three-dimensional physical structure properties, and can be used as scaffolds in tissue regeneration or drug delivery system for cells and/or growth factors. Fibrin alone or together with other biomaterials, has been indicated for use as a biological support to promote the regeneration of stem cells, bone, peripheral nerves, and other injured tissues. In its diversity of forms of application and constitution, there are platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), fibrin glue or fibrin sealant, and hydrogels. In order to increase fibrin properties, adjuvant therapies can be combined to favor tissue repair, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diode). Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the relationship between PBM and the use of fibrin compounds, referring to the results of previous studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The descriptors “fibrin AND low-level laser therapy” and “fibrin AND photobiomodulation” were used, without restriction on publication time. The bibliographic search found 44 articles in PubMed/MEDLINE, of which 26 were excluded due to duplicity or being outside the eligibility criteria. We also found 40 articles in Web of Science and selected 1 article, 152 articles in Scopus and no article selected, totaling 19 articles for qualitative analysis. The fibrin type most used in combination with PBM was fibrin sealant, mainly heterologous, followed by PRF or L-PRF. In PBM, the gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser prevailed, with a wavelength of 830 nm, followed by 810 nm. Among the preclinical studies, the most researched association of fibrin and PBM was the use of fibrin sealants in bone or nerve injuries; in clinical studies, the association of PBM with medication-related treatments osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Therefore, there is scientific evidence of the contribution of PBM on fibrin composites, constituting a supporting therapy that acts by stimulating cell activity, angiogenesis, osteoblast activation, axonal growth, anti-inflammatory and anti-edema action, increased collagen synthesis and its maturation, as well as biomolecules.
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Frolova A, Aksenova N, Novikov I, Maslakova A, Gafarova E, Efremov Y, Bikmulina P, Elagin V, Istranova E, Kurkov A, Shekhter A, Kotova S, Zagaynova E, Timashev P. A Collagen Basketweave from the Giant Squid Mantle as a Robust Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:679. [PMID: 34940678 PMCID: PMC8706038 DOI: 10.3390/md19120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing applications of tissue engineering technologies warrant the search and development of biocompatible materials with an appropriate strength and elastic moduli. Here, we have extensively studied a collagenous membrane (GSCM) separated from the mantle of the Giant squid Dosidicus Gigas in order to test its potential applicability in regenerative medicine. To establish the composition and structure of the studied material, we analyzed the GSCM by a variety of techniques, including amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and FTIR. It has been shown that collagen is a main component of the GSCM. The morphology study by different microscopic techniques from nano- to microscale revealed a peculiar packing of collagen fibers forming laminae oriented at 60-90 degrees in respect to each other, which, in turn, formed layers with the thickness of several microns (a basketweave motif). The macro- and micromechanical studies showed high values of the Young's modulus and tensile strength. No significant cytotoxicity of the studied material was found by the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, the GSCM consists of a reinforced collagen network, has high mechanical characteristics, and is non-toxic, which makes it a good candidate for the creation of a scaffold material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Frolova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.); (Y.E.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Nadezhda Aksenova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Novikov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11 Rossolimo Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Aitsana Maslakova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elvira Gafarova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.); (Y.E.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Yuri Efremov
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.); (Y.E.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Polina Bikmulina
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.); (Y.E.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Elena Istranova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexandr Kurkov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Anatoly Shekhter
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Prospekt Gagarina (Gagarin Avenue) 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.); (Y.E.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.); (E.I.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (S.K.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhao S, Cui W, Rajendran NK, Su F, Rajan M. Investigations of gold nanoparticles-mediated carbon nanotube reinforced hydroxyapatite composite for bone regenerations. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lactoferrin as a regenerative agent: The old-new panacea? Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105564. [PMID: 33744427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) possesses various biological properties and therapeutic potentials being a perspective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory agent. A significant body of literature has also demonstrated that Lf modulates regenerative processes in different anatomical structures, such as bone, cartilage, skin, mucosa, cornea, tendon, vasculature, and adipose tissue. Hence, this review collected and analyzed the data on the regenerative effects of Lf, as well as paid specific attention to their molecular basis. Furthermore, tissue and condition-specific activities of different Lf types as well as problems of their delivery to the targeted organs were discussed. The authors strongly hope that this review will stimulate researchers to focus on the highlighted topics thus accelerating the progress of Lf's wider clinical application.
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Demina TS, Kuryanova AS, Bikmulina PY, Aksenova NA, Efremov YM, Khaibullin ZI, Ivanov PL, Kosheleva NV, Timashev PS, Akopova TA. Multicomponent Non-Woven Fibrous Mats with Balanced Processing and Functional Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32854227 PMCID: PMC7563478 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mimicking of the architectonics of native tissue, biodegradable non-woven fibrous mats is one of the most promising forms of scaffolding for tissue engineering. The key properties needed for their successful application in vivo, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, morphology, mechanical properties, etc., rely on their composition and appropriate 3D structure. A multicomponent system based on biodegradable synthetic (polycaprolactone, oligo-/polylactide) and natural (chitosan, gelatin) polymers, providing the desired processing characteristics and functionality to non-woven mats fabricated via the electrospinning technique, was developed. The solid-state reactive blending of these components provided a one-step synthesis of amphiphilic graft copolymer with an ability to form stable ultra-fine dispersions in chlorinated solvents, which could be successfully used as casting solvents for the electrospinning technique. The synthesized graft copolymer was analyzed with the aim of fractional analysis, dynamic laser scattering, FTIR-spectroscopy and DSC. Casting solution characteristics, namely viscosity, surface tension, and electroconductivity, as well as electrospinning parameters, were studied and optimized. The morphology, chemical structure of the surface layer, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility were analyzed to confirm the appropriate functionality of the formed fibrous materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), 70 Profsoyuznaya st., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (Z.I.K.); (P.L.I.); (T.A.A.)
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kuryanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Y. Bikmulina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Nadejda A. Aksenova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Zulfar I. Khaibullin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), 70 Profsoyuznaya st., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (Z.I.K.); (P.L.I.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Pavel L. Ivanov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), 70 Profsoyuznaya st., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (Z.I.K.); (P.L.I.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Nastasia V. Kosheleva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12-1, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- FSBSI “Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology”, 8, Baltiyskaya st., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.Y.B.); (N.A.A.); (Y.M.E.); (P.S.T.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), 70 Profsoyuznaya st., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (Z.I.K.); (P.L.I.); (T.A.A.)
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