1
|
Brochhagen J, Hoppe MW. Validation of the metabolic power model during three intermittent running-based exercises with emphasis on aerobic and anaerobic energy supply. Front Sports Act Living 2025; 7:1583313. [PMID: 40313786 PMCID: PMC12043615 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1583313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction In intermittent sports, available internal load measurements like capillary blood techniques and portable respiratory gas analyzers are considered as gold standards in controlled laboratory environments, but are impractical for daily use in training and matches. A newer approach, the metabolic power model, allows to extrapolate from speed and acceleration data to the metabolic power, simulated oxygen uptake, and aerobic and anaerobic energy supply. The aim of this study was to validate the metabolic power model against the established 3-component model to allow direct comparison of variables including energy expenditure and supplies during intermittent running-based exercises. Methods Twelve male athletes (24 ± 3 years) performed three different running-based exercises consisting of continuous shuttle runs and repeated accelerations and sprints with change of direction. Each exercise condition intended to primarily stress the aerobic, anaerobic alactic, and lactic energy supply. One-way repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test and corresponding effect sizes were applied for statistical analyses. Additionally, absolute and relative biases and Bland-Altman plots were generated. Results For total energy expenditure, there were statistically significant differences (p ≤ .002, d ≥ .882, large) and biases of -13.5 ± 11.8% for the continuous shuttle runs and up to 352.2 ± 115.9% for repeated accelerations and sprints. Concerning aerobic energy supply, there were statistically significant differences (p < .001, d ≥ 1.937, large effect sizes) and biases of up to -38.1 ± 11.7%. For anaerobic energy supply, there were statistically significant differences (p < .001, d ≥ 5.465, large) and biases of up to 1,849.9 ± 831.8%. Discussion In conclusion, the metabolic power model significantly under- or overestimates total energy expenditure and supplies with large effect sizes during intermittent running-based exercises. Future studies should optimize the model before it can be used on a daily basis for scientific and practical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Brochhagen
- Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science and Motology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Hoppe
- Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science and Motology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laterza F, Savoia C, Bovenzi A, D'Onofrio R, Pompa D, Annino G, Manzi V. Influence of Substitutions and Roles on Kinematic Variables in Professional Soccer Players. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:987-993. [PMID: 38806153 DOI: 10.1055/a-2334-6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In soccer, roles and substitutions can make it unclear how different physical capacities decrease over time and impact performance. This investigation aimed to analyze kinematic parameters and their changes over game time, and provide information to effectively prescribe training programs. Data from four professional teams were analyzed, and all the teams competed in the Italian First Division (Serie A). Average metabolic power and high-intensity activities associated with critical moments in the match were considered in the comparisons. The video analysis system STATS SportVU collected the data during official matches. Players were assigned to a specific group according to their time played, categorized as follows: 0-15', 15-30', 30-45', 45-60', 60-75', 75-90', and > 90 min. Different roles, including forwards and wingers (FW), midfielders (MF), center-backs (CB), and side-backs (SB) were also considered. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in different roles and within roles at different times played. The results highlighted how MF performance decreased over time, whereas CB was unaffected by time. SB spent more time at very high velocity than other roles, independently from the time played. These findings provide valuable information about the physical demands of official soccer matches and could be used to review training prescriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Laterza
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristian Savoia
- The Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, The Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Rosario D'Onofrio
- Medical-Scientific Multidisciplinary Commission, Italian Football Doctors Association, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pompa
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara Department of Sciences, Chieti, Italy
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara Department of Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Department Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Savoia C, Laterza F, Lucadamo A, Manzi V, Azzone V, Pullinger SA, Beattie CE, Bertollo M, Pompa D. The Relationship Between Playing Formations, Team Ranking, and Physical Performance in the Serie A Soccer League. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:286. [PMID: 39590888 PMCID: PMC11598127 DOI: 10.3390/sports12110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of playing formations and team ranking on the physical performance of professional soccer players is an open question that needs to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on the physical exertion of Serie A soccer players. We analyzed match data from 375 players, categorizing teams based on their final ranking and comparing performance across different playing formations. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn test with Bonferroni adjustment revealed that high-ranking (HR) teams exhibited a higher percentage of high-intensity (HI) accelerations compared to mid-ranking teams, suggesting the critical role of HI efforts in achieving favorable match outcomes. Moreover, the 4-3-3 playing formation was associated with greater acceleration demands than other formations, particularly in HR teams. Our study also established benchmarks for various performance metrics, enabling coaches to assess player performance and identify potential signs of overtraining. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical demands in soccer and offer practical implications for coaches and players in optimizing training and performance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Savoia
- The Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, The Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AH, UK;
| | - Francesco Laterza
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, 80143 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (V.M.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucadamo
- Department of Law, Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, 80143 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Vito Azzone
- Italian Football Federation, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Samuel A. Pullinger
- Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Karnataka 583123, India;
| | - Catherine E. Beattie
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK;
- Sport Science & Medical Department, Wrexham Association Football Club, Wrexham LL11 2AH, UK
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Dario Pompa
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osgnach C, di Prampero PE, Zamparo P, Morin JB, Pavei G. Mechanical and metabolic power in accelerated running-Part II: team sports. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:417-431. [PMID: 37535141 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This manuscript is devoted to discuss the interplay between velocity and acceleration in setting metabolic and mechanical power in team sports. METHODS To this aim, an essential step is to assess the individual Acceleration-Speed Profile (ASP) by appropriately analysing training sessions or matches. This allows one to estimate maximal mechanical and metabolic power, including that for running at constant speed, and hence to determine individual thresholds thereof. RESULTS Several approaches are described and the results, as obtained from 38 official matches of one team (Italian Serie B, season 2020-2021), are reported and discussed. The number of events in which the external mechanical power exceeded 80% of that estimated from the subject's ASP ([Formula: see text]) was 1.61 times larger than the number of accelerations above 2.5 m s-2 ([Formula: see text]). The difference was largest for midfielders and smallest for attackers (2.30 and 1.36 times, respectively) due to (i) a higher starting velocity for midfielders and (ii) a higher external peak power for attackers in performing [Formula: see text]. From the energetic perspective, the duration and the corresponding metabolic power of high-demanding phases ([Formula: see text]) were essentially constant (6 s and 22 W kg-1, respectively) from the beginning to the end of the match, even if their number decreased from 28 in the first to 21 in the last 15-min period, as a consequence of the increased recovery time between [Formula: see text] from 26 s in the first to 37 s in the last 15-min period. CONCLUSION These data underline the flaws of acceleration counting above fixed thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro E di Prampero
- Department of Sport Science, Exelio srl, Udine, Italy
- Emeritus Professor of Physiology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Zamparo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gaspare Pavei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gray A, Andrews M, Waldron M, Jenkins D. A model for calculating the mechanical demands of overground running. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:1256-1277. [PMID: 32951525 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1795238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An energy-based approach to quantifying the mechanical demands of overground, constant velocity and/or intermittent running patterns is presented. Total mechanical work done (Wtotal) is determined from the sum of the four sub components: work done to accelerate the centre of mass horizontally (Whor), vertically (Wvert), to overcome air resistance (Wair) and to swing the limbs (Wlimbs). These components are determined from established relationships between running velocity and running kinematics; and the application of work-energy theorem. The model was applied to constant velocity running (2-9 m/s), a hard acceleration event and a hard deceleration event. The estimated Wtotal and each sub component were presented as mechanical demand (work per unit distance) and power (work per unit time), for each running pattern. The analyses demonstrate the model is able to produce estimates that: 1) are principally determined by the absolute running velocity and/or acceleration; and 2) can be attributed to different mechanical demands given the nature of the running bout. Notably, the proposed model is responsive to varied running patterns, producing data that are consistent with established human locomotion theory; demonstrating sound construct validity. Notwithstanding several assumptions, the model may be applied to quantify overground running demands on flat surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gray
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Mark Andrews
- Queensland Government, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Waldron
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - David Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Venzke J, Schäfer R, Niederer D, Manchado C, Platen P. Metabolic power in the men's European handball championship 2020. J Sports Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37315083 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2223413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the typical metabolic power characteristics of elite handball players of different positions, and whether changes occur within matches. METHODS 414 elite male handball players were included. During all 65 matches of the EURO 2020, local positioning system data were collected, yielding 1853 datasets. Field players were categorised into six positional groups: centre backs (CB), left/right wings (LW/RW), left/right backs (LB/RB) and pivots (P). Metabolic power, total energy expenditure, high-power energy, and the equivalent distance index were calculated. We used linear mixed models with players as random and positions as fixed effects models. Intensity models adjusted for time-dependency by incorporating the duration of play. RESULTS LW/RW spent most time on the court, expanded most total energy, and most relative energy per kg body weight in the high-intensity categories. CB played at the highest mean metabolic power (7.85 W/kg; CI95% [7.67, 8.03]). Playing intensity decreased by 2.5% (0.2 kJ/kg/s; CI95% [0.17, 0.23]) per 10 min played. CONCLUSION Positional differences in metabolic power parameters exist. In general, wing players had the highest volume and CB the highest intensity of match-play. Analysis of metabolic intensity in handball should take position and players' time on the court into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Venzke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robin Schäfer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Manchado
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- European Handball Federation, Methods Commission, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bassek M, Raabe D, Memmert D, Rein R. Analysis of Motion Characteristics and Metabolic Power in Elite Male Handball Players. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:310-316. [PMID: 37293423 PMCID: PMC10244993 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While handball is characterized by repeated sprints and changes of direction, traditional player load models do not consider accelerations and decelerations. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between metabolic power and speed zones for player load assessment with regard to the player role. Position data from 330 male individuals during 77 games from the 2019/20 German Men's Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) were analyzed, resulting in 2233 individual observations. Players were categorized into wings, backs and pivots. Distance covered in different speed zones, metabolic power, metabolic work, equivalent distance (metabolic work divided by energy cost of running), time spend running, energy spend running, and time over 10 and 20 W were calculated. A 2-by-3 mixed ANOVA was calculated to investigate differences and interactions between groups and player load models. Results showed that total distance was longest in wings (3568 ± 1459 m in 42 ± 17 min), followed by backs (2462 ± 1145 m in 29 ± 14 min), and pivots (2445 ± 1052 m in 30 ± 13 min). Equivalent distance was greatest in wings (4072.50 ± 1644.83 m), followed by backs (2765.23 ± 1252.44 m), and pivots (2697.98 ± 1153.16 m). Distance covered and equivalent distance showed moderate to large interaction effects between wings and backs (p < .01, ES = 0.73) and between wings and pivots (p < .01, ES = 0.86) and a small interaction effect between backs and pivots (p < .01, ES = 0.22). The results underline the need for individualized management of training loads and the potential of using information about locomotive accelerations and decelerations to obtain more precise descriptions of player load during handball game performance at the highest level of competition. Future studies should investigate the influence of physical performance on smaller match sequences, like ball possession phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bassek
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Raabe
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Rein
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Venzke J, Weber H, Schlipsing M, Salmen J, Platen P. Metabolic power and energy expenditure in the German Bundesliga. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1142324. [PMID: 37035683 PMCID: PMC10073677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1142324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to analyze metabolic power (MP) and MP derived parameters for different positions in the German Soccer Bundesliga and to evaluate if classification of high-intensity is more suited using the metabolic power approach instead of using traditional speed-based methods. 1,345 video match analysis (25 Hz) datasets from 380 players in 96 matches of the German first Bundesliga were gathered by an automatic player tracking system. Displacement (speed, acceleration, distance) and energetic (MP, energy expenditure) variables were determined. Intensity was classified utilizing conventional thresholds. Metabolic and running profiles were compared among six positional groups and between the halves of the match respectively (one-way ANOVA). Further, time spent, distance covered and energy expended at high speed (>15.5 km h-1) and high acceleration (>2 m s-2) were compared to those at high MP (>20 W kg-1) (one-way ANOVA) for evaluating if metabolic power is more suited to describe intensity in team sports. Main findings are that central-attacking midfielders (CAM) and central midfielders (CM) expended more energy (CAM: 59.8 ± 4.2 kJ kg-1; CM: 59.6 ± 3.6 kJ kg-1) and covered more distance (CAM: 11,494 ± 765 m; CM: 11,445 ± 638 m) than all other positions (p < 0.001). In the whole group of players, less time (t) and less energy were expended (EE) in high speed (t: 302 ± 84 s; EE: 10.1 ± 2.9 kJ kg-1) and at high acceleration zones (t: 147 ± 24 s; EE: 5.5 ± 1.2 kJ kg-1) when compared to high MP zone (t: 617 ± 141 s; EE: 20.0 ± 4.4 kJ kg-1) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, players covered more distance at high MP (2,464 ± 597 m) than at high speed (1,638 ± 458 m) and much less at high acceleration (359 ± 67 m) (p < 0.001). The higher activity profiles of CAM and CM compared to the other positions indicate the need for higher developed physiological performance in players of these positions. High intensity activities should be interpreted differently when using MP and displacement parameters as indicators of high intensity in soccer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Venzke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weber
- Sportec Solutions GmbH (a DFL Company), Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zlojutro N, Eler S, Joksimovic M, Eler N, Marković S, Kukrić A, Goranovic K. Kinematic parameters and metabolic power in elite soccer players: A small sided a large sided games comparison. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150713. [PMID: 37089420 PMCID: PMC10119402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The goal of this paper is to determine what happens in one minute (on average) in kinematic parameters and metabolic power in small sided games (SSG) (3v3; 5v5) and large sided games (LSG) (10v10) and in which games kinematic parameters and metabolic power are best developed. Methods: The participants of this study were 22 professional football players, height 182.95±6.52 cm, mass 77.17±8.21 kg, body mass index (BMI) 22.97±1.47 kg/m2, body fat 9.85±2.55 %, aged 27.1±5.4 yrs, who played in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data total distance (TD), maximum speed (MS), number of accelerations (nAcc), number of decelerations (nDec), number of sprints (nS), high intensity distance (Z4≥19.8 km/h), sprint distance (Z5≥25.2 km/h) and movements requiring a certain metabolic power (Pmet), were collected using a 20 Hz Global positioning system (GPS) system Pro2 (GPEXE, Exelio srl, Udine, Italy), on a total of 307 individual observations. Results: The results showed that the average total distance was significantly higher in the 5v5 (135.16±18.78 m) and 10v10 (133.43±20.06 m) games (F=64.26, p<0.001) compared to the 3v3 (108.24±11.26 m). Furthermore, the values of the variables Z4 (8.32±3.38 m, F=97.59), Z5 (1.84±1.53 m, F=123.64), nS (0.13±0.10 n, F=96.14) as well as Maxspeed (27.06±1.90 km/h, F=139.33), are statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) in the 10v10 game compared to the other two game formats. The average number of nAcc (0.40±0.32 n, F=9.86, p<0.001) and nDec (0.62±0.36 n, F=6.42, p<0.001) is statistically significantly higher in the 5v5 game. The results showed that the 5v5 game is significantly more metabolically demanding Pmet (2.76±0.67 W•kg-1, F=66.08, p<0.001) compared to the other two game formats. Discussion: The data presented in this paper can be used as a basis for the construction of specific exercises based on kinematic and physiological requirements, and for planning and programming microcycles in football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Zlojutro
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Serdar Eler
- Faculty of Sport Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Marko Joksimovic
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
- *Correspondence: Marko Joksimovic,
| | - Nebahat Eler
- Vocational School of Physical Education and Sports, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Saša Marković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandar Kukrić
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kosta Goranovic
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brochhagen J, Hoppe MW. Metabolic Power in Team and Racquet Sports: A Systematic Review with Best-Evidence Synthesis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:133. [PMID: 36282365 PMCID: PMC9596658 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background In intermittent team and racquet sports, metabolic loads are rarely investigated as they are difficult to examine, e.g., by portable metabolic carts and lactate measures. However, determining the instantaneous metabolic power of intermittent running from acceleration and speed data is possible. Recently, this potential has gained more interest in research and practice due to the development of player tracking technologies that allow easy access to the required data. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate the validity and point out the evidence of this new approach for estimating metabolic loads in intermittent sports. To provide an in-depth understanding of this approach and its validity, the fundamental aspects of the underlying concept were also considered. Methods PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Web of Science™, and BISp-surf databases were included in the search conducted on March 1, 2021. Studies assessing physiological and methodological validation as well as conceptual studies of the metabolic power approach in intermittent sports players without diseases or injuries were deemed eligible. The quality assessment was implemented using a modified 12-item version of the Downs and Black checklist. Additionally, a best-evidence synthesis of the validation studies was performed to clarify the direction and strength of the evidence. Results Of 947 studies that were identified, 31 met the eligibility criteria of which 7 were physiological, 13 methodological validation, and 11 conceptual studies. Gold standards for validating the metabolic power approach were predominantly oxygen uptake with 6 and traditional running speed analysis with 8 studies for physiological and methodological validation, respectively. The best-evidence synthesis showed conflicting to strong and moderate to strong evidence for physiological and methodological validity of the approach, respectively. The conceptual studies revealed several modifications regarding the approach that need to be considered. Otherwise, incorrect implementation can occur. Conclusions Evidence of the physiological validity of the metabolic power approach ranged from conflicting to strong. However, this should be treated with caution as the validation studies were often partially implemented incorrectly as shown by the underlying concept studies. Moreover, strong evidence indicated that the approach is valid from a methodological perspective. Future studies must consider what the metabolic power approach can and cannot actually display. A lack of research exists in studies concerning children, females, and team and racquet sports besides soccer and the application of more profound physiological approaches for the validation and assessment of metabolic power estimated by acceleration and speed data is needed. Previous physiological validation studies are outdated as there have been adaptations concerning the metabolic power approach for estimating metabolic loads over recent years, and methodological validation studies revealing its superiority over the traditional running speed approach. Distinction between walking and running, different terrains, as well as aerobic and anaerobic energy supply should be considered when assessing metabolic power in team and racquet sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Brochhagen
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Movement and Training Science, Leipzig University, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Movement and Training Science, Leipzig University, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Energy Requirements and Nutritional Strategies for Male Soccer Players: A Review and Suggestions for Practice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030657. [PMID: 35277016 PMCID: PMC8838370 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soccer is a high intensity intermittent sport, featuring critical events completed at high/maximal intensity which is superimposed onto an aerobic base of lower intensity activities and rest. Due to these varying energic demands and the duration of competition the need for optimal nutritional strategies to offset and delay fatigue are paramount. Over the last 50 years, several investigations have been reported on aspects of soccer be they nutrition-focused or those concerning the demands of the sport. Emanating from these scientific papers, observations have been made on the likely factors which result in the fatigue during match-play. Factors such as muscle glycogen depletion and hypoglycaemia are discussed. Studies on the energy demands of soccer have employed a variety of methodologies which are briefly reviewed and vary between the use of heart rate telemetry to the use of global positioning systems (GPS). Moving on from observations of the energy demands of the sport leads to the major focus of this review which highlights key nutritional strategies to support the preparation and recovery of male soccer players to enhance performance, or at least to enable players to perform adequately. This review examines relevant methodologies in assessing training and competitive energy costs as well as the concomitant energy intakes demanded for successful performance outcomes. In order to bring an applied aspect to the overall findings from areas discussed, some practical ideas of feeding strategies are presented.
Collapse
|
12
|
Egan B, Young D, Collins K, Malone S, Coratella G. The Between-Competition Running Demands of Elite Hurling Match-Play. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9110145. [PMID: 34822345 PMCID: PMC8621312 DOI: 10.3390/sports9110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the differences in running demands between the National Hurling League (NHL) and the Championship, and within playing positions. GPS (10 Hz, STATSports Apex GNSS) were used to analyse the running demands during 34 games (2017–2020 seasons) of the Championship and the NHL. The running demands (total-, relative-, high-speed- [>17 km·h−1] and sprint [≥22 km·h−1] distance, number and length of sprints, and peak speed) were compared between competitions. Greater total- [ES = 0.32], relative- [ES = 0.26], and sprint-distance [ES = 0.41], and number of sprints [ES = 1.29] were completed in the Championship. The high-speed distance was similar between competitions. Half-backs and half-forwards covered greater total- (ES = 0.91 and 0.21, respectively), relative- (ES = 1.14 and 0.68, respectively), high-speed- (ES = 0.69 and 0.44, respectively), and sprint-distance (ES = 0.50 and 1.26, respectively), number of sprints (ES = 2.66 and 1.73, respectively), and peak speed (ES = 1.09 and 1.32, respectively) in the Championship. There was no difference (p < 0.05) in the sprint distance covered between positions in the Championship. The results showed that the Championship is more physically demanding. The findings present key implications for the transition between competitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Egan
- Department of Sport and Early Childhood Studies, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Thurles Campus, Thurles, E41 PC92 Tipperary, Ireland;
| | - Damien Young
- Department of Sport and Early Childhood Studies, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Thurles Campus, Thurles, E41 PC92 Tipperary, Ireland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-87-925-3360
| | - Kieran Collins
- Department of Science, Gaelic Sport Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (K.C.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Shane Malone
- Department of Science, Gaelic Sport Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (K.C.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Relationships, Decisions, and Physical Effort in the Marro Traditional Sporting Game: A Multimodal Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010832. [PMID: 34682577 PMCID: PMC8535934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the players’ decisions-making in Marro (a Traditional Sporting Game) through a multimodal approach. Each player’s decision-making assumes specific accelerations and decelerations associated with different effort. The research objectives were: (i) to study the decision-making associated with the roles of Hunter and Hare; (ii) to know the physical effort by the roles (Hunters and Hares); (iii) to reveal T-Patterns in the multimodal strategic approach (integrated with decisions and different physical effort) with a direct incidence on the scoring by roles. The study was performed with 22 male and 2 female players aged 18 to 25 (M = 19.4; SD = 1.3). The Marro game was played by two groups for eight minutes. An observational methodology was used, through a type III design. The observational design was nomothetic, one-time, and multidimensional. An ‘ad hoc’ tool was built to ensure the data quality. Univariate analyses were performed using Crosstabs Command, with adjusted residuals (AR), Classification Trees (Chaid model) and T-Pattern Analysis (TPA). Significant differences were found between matches using the scoring (p < 0.001; ES = 0.26), role (p < 0.001; ES = 0.31), or the organic variables of the study, the speed (p < 0.001; ES = 0.73), the metabolic power and the acceleration/deceleration the speed (p = 0.023; ES = 0.43), while the predictive model pointed to the variable role (p < 0.001) as the main factor responsible for the model growth. TPA (p < 0.005) revealed differences attributable to internal logic in the yellow (first match) and orange (second match) teams, while organic variables were more changeable in the violet (first match) and green (second match) teams. This study advances the individualization of the decision-making process. These results may be useful to better understand the internal of functioning of the Marro game 360° since the use of various methodologies and variables (multimodal approach) provided original findings.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guerrero-Calderón B, Owen A, Morcillo JA, Castillo-Rodríguez A. How does the mid-season coach change affect physical performance on top soccer players? Physiol Behav 2021; 232:113328. [PMID: 33484724 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the locomotion and metabolic responses of professional players in the top three competitive standards of Spanish soccer (First, Second and Second 'B' division) during the four weeks before and after dismissal the coach. Training and match load data were analyzed separately (n = 1189 events) by coach (dismissed coach and the new coach) and Wilcoxon-test was performed to compare data between coaches. In training, players covered longer distance in all speed ranges >14 km•h - 1 with the coach dismissed; medium (14-18 km•h - 1), high (18-21 km•h - 1), very-high (21-24 km•h - 1) and sprint running distance (>24 km•h - 1) (d = 0.53, 0.46, 0.58 and 0.54; respectively) on first division; and equivalent distance index and accelerations events (d = 0.63 and 0.50; respectively) on second division. Lower differences were found in matches, in which the dismissed coach showed higher equivalent distance index, accelerations and decelerations events (d = 0.69, 0.68 and 0.61; respectively) compared to the new coach in the second division. Therefore, the players covered longer high-intensity distance with the dismissed coach than the new coach in training, whilst a similar performance was found in the competition. These results suggest that the coach turnover at mid-season did no increase the players' physical performance either in training or in competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Owen
- Université de Lyon, UCBL1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité - EA 7424, UFRSTAPS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Savoia C, Padulo J, Colli R, Marra E, McRobert A, Chester N, Azzone V, Pullinger SA, Doran DA. The Validity of an Updated Metabolic Power Algorithm Based upon di Prampero's Theoretical Model in Elite Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249554. [PMID: 33419381 PMCID: PMC7766422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to update the metabolic power (MP) algorithm (PV˙O2, W·kg−1) related to the kinematics data (PGPS, W·kg−1) in a soccer-specific performance model. For this aim, seventeen professional (Serie A) male soccer players (V˙O2max 55.7 ± 3.4 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a 6 min run at 10.29 km·h−1 to determine linear-running energy cost (Cr). On a separate day, thirteen also performed an 8 min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol. For both procedures, a portable Cosmed K4b2 gas-analyzer and GPS (10 Hz) was used to assess the energy cost above resting (C). From this aim, the MP was estimated through a newly derived C equation (PGPSn) and compared with both the commonly used (PGPSo) equation and direct measurement (PV˙O2). Both PGPSn and PGPSo correlated with PV˙O2 (r = 0.66, p < 0.05). Estimates of fixed bias were negligible (PGPSn = −0.80 W·kg−1 and PGPSo = −1.59 W·kg−1), and the bounds of the 95% CIs show that they were not statistically significant from 0. Proportional bias estimates were negligible (absolute differences from one being 0.03 W·kg−1 for PGPSn and 0.01 W·kg−1 for PGPSo) and not statistically significant as both 95% CIs span 1. All variables were distributed around the line of unity and resulted in an under- or overestimation of PGPSn, while PGPSo routinely underestimated MP across ranges. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed differences over MP conditions (F1,38 = 16.929 and p < 0.001). Following Bonferroni post hoc test significant differences regarding the MP between PGPSo and PV˙O2/PGPSn (p < 0.001) were established, while no differences were found between PV˙O2 and PGPSn (p = 0.853). The new approach showed it can help the coaches and the soccer trainers to better monitor external training load during the training seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Savoia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK; (C.S.); (A.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.P.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Colli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Marra
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Allistair McRobert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK; (C.S.); (A.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.P.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Neil Chester
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK; (C.S.); (A.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.P.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Vito Azzone
- Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (F.I.G.C.), 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Samuel A. Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK; (C.S.); (A.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.P.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Dominic A. Doran
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Tom Reilly Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK; (C.S.); (A.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.P.); (D.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guerrero-Calderón B, Klemp M, Castillo-Rodriguez A, Morcillo JA, Memmert D. A New Approach for Training-load Quantification in Elite-level Soccer: Contextual Factors. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:716-723. [PMID: 33321524 DOI: 10.1055/a-1289-9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyse the physical responses of professional soccer players during training considering the contextual factors of match location, season period, and quality of the opposition; and to establish prediction models of physical responses during training sessions. Training data was obtained from 30 professional soccer players from Spanish La Liga using global positioning technology (N=1365 performances). A decreased workload was showed during training weeks prior to home matches, showing large effects in power events, equivalent distance, total distance, walk distance and low-speed running distance. Also, the quality of the opposition also affected the training workload (p<0.05). All regression-models showed moderate effects, with an adjusted R2 of 0.37 for metabolic-work, 0.34 for total distance covered, 0.25 for high-speed running distance (18-21 km·h-1), 0.29 for very high-speed running distance (21-24 km·h-1), 0.22 for sprint running distance (>24 km·h-1) and 0.34 for equivalent distance. The main finding of this study was the great association of match location, season period and quality of opposition on the workload performed by players in the training week before the match; and the development of workload prediction-models considering these contextual factors, thus proposing a new and innovative approach to quantify the workload in soccer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Klemp
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | | | - José Alfonso Morcillo
- Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of Jaen, Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, Jaen, Spain
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Koln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Montini, M and Rocchi, JE. Monitoring training load in soccer: The Relation of Ongoing Monitored Exercise in Individual model. J Strength Cond Res 12XX(2X): 000-000, 2016. For a training organization, monitoring training load (TL) is of paramount importance. Despite this, a conclusive response on such topic is yet to be reported. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between TL indicators and to propose a new method for monitoring TL response and physical fitness. Twenty professional soccer players were retrospectively evaluated. The first phase of data analysis included 34 in-season training sessions. Subsequently, three microcycles (T1-T2-T3) of pre-season training were processed. A regression model was used to examine the relationships between internal TL (session rating of perceived exertion [s-RPE]) and external TL (energy expenditure, EE). The standard error of the regression equation was used to propose a new model called "ROMEI" (Relation of Ongoing Monitored Exercise in Individual). The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. During the competitive season and the pre-season training camp, the average TL values were 65.8 ± 22 and 58.2 ± 22 minutes; 336 ± 204 and 228 ± 101 AU of s-RPE; and 29 ± 13 and 25 ± 9 kJ kJ of EE, respectively. In the competitive season, the collective and average individual correlation coefficients between s-RPE and EE were r = 0.888 and r = 0.892 ± 0.05, respectively. Considering slope values (m) of the regression line, data highlighted a significant increase of +34.4 ± 15.9% in T2 vs. T3 (p < 0.001) and +38.2 ± 15.2% in T1 vs. T3 (p < 0.001). Data shown in this investigation support the use of an individualized analysis to better understand the TL administered to soccer players rather than a collective analysis. This may be accomplished with the proposed ROMEI model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo E Rocchi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy.,Villa Stuart Sport Clinic-FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Polglaze T, Dawson B, Buttfield A, Peeling P. Using the interaction of speed and acceleration to detect repeated-sprint activity in team sports. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2186-2192. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1776464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted Polglaze
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | | | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Western Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Riboli A, Coratella G, Rampichini S, Cé E, Esposito F. Area per player in small-sided games to replicate the external load and estimated physiological match demands in elite soccer players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229194. [PMID: 32966305 PMCID: PMC7510966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study determined the area-per-player during small- or large-sided games with or without goalkeeper that replicates the relative (m·min-1) total distance, high-intensity running distance, sprint distance and metabolic power covered during official matches. Time-motion analysis was performed on twenty-five elite soccer-players during 26 home-matches. A total of 2565 individual samples for SSGs using different pitch sizes and different number of players were collected and classified as SSGs with (SSG-G) or without goalkeeper (SSG-P). A between-position comparison was also performed. The area-per-player needed to replicate the official match demands was largely higher in SSG-G vs SSG-P for total distance [187±53 vs 115±35 m2, effect size (ES): 1.60 95%CI 0.94/2.21], high-intensity running distance [262±72 vs 166±39 m2, ES: 1.66(0.99/2.27)] and metabolic power [177±42 vs 94±40, ES: 1.99(1.31/2.67)], but similar for sprint distance [(316±75 vs 295±99 m2, ES: 0.24(-0.32/0.79)] with direction of larger area-per-player for sprint distance > high-intensity running > total distance ≌ metabolic power for both SSG-G and SSG-P. In SSG-G, forwards required higher area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 2.96(1.07/4.35)], wide-midfielders [ES: 2.45(0.64/3.78)] and wide-defenders [ES: 3.45(1.13/4.99)]. Central-midfielders required higher area-per-player than central-defenders [ES: 1.69(0.20/2.90)] and wide-midfielders [ES: 1.35(-0.13/2.57)]. In SSG-P, central defenders need lower area-per-player (ES: -6.01/-0.92) to overall replicate the match demands compared to all other positions. The current results may be used to gain knowledge of the SSGs relative to the match demands. This imply manipulating SSGs using higher or lower ApP, the presence of the goalkeeper or design specific rules to increase or decrease the position-specific demands with respect to the desired external load outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Riboli
- Performance Department, Atalanta B.C., Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoppe MW, Hotfiel T, Stückradt A, Grim C, Ueberschär O, Freiwald J, Baumgart C. Effects of passive, active, and mixed playing strategies on external and internal loads in female tennis players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239463. [PMID: 32960920 PMCID: PMC7508371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different playing strategies on external and internal loads in female tennis players during match play. Also, the underlying effects on the technical-tactical actions and activity profiles were examined. Twelve well-trained female players (age: 25±5 years; maximum oxygen uptake: 40.9±4.3 ml/kg/min) played points against an opponent of similar ability outdoors on red-clay courts. The players played points over five playing conditions. Before each condition, the players were instructed to apply either a passive, an active, or their own playing strategy (free play) to succeed. The five conditions were played in a randomized order, whereas the condition with the own strategy was always played first and served as control. During play, the external and internal loads were investigated by 10 Hz global positioning system, 100 Hz inertial measurement unit, short-range telemetry, capillary blood, and visual analog scale procedures. A 25 Hz video camera was used to examine the technical-tactical actions and activity profiles. Compared to the control condition, the passive, active, and mixed playing strategy conditions induce up to large effects on the external loads (running distances with high acceleration and deceleration), up to moderate effects on the internal loads (energy expenditures spent with high metabolic power, lactate concentration, and rating of effort), and up to very large effects on the technical-tactical actions (number of ground strokes and errors) and activity profiles (strokes per rally, rally duration, work to rest ratio, and effective playing time). Our study shows that passive, active, and mixed playing strategies have an impact on the external and internal loads, technical-tactical actions, and activity profiles of female tennis players during match play. This finding should be considered for practical purposes like match analyses and training procedures in the tennis environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Hoppe
- Institute of Movement and Training Science I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stückradt
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Casper Grim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olaf Ueberschär
- Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT), Leipzig, Germany
- Chair for Human-Machine Interaction, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Freiwald
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumgart
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McEwan GP, Drobnic F, Lizarraga A, Gómez Díaz A, Pons E, Dello Iacon A, Unnithan V. Changes in markers of body composition of professional male soccer players during pre-season. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:166-171. [PMID: 35782288 PMCID: PMC9219328 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate changes achieved in whole-body and regional (upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk) estimates of body composition, twenty professional male soccer players (7 defenders, 7 midfielders, 6 forwards) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis at the beginning and end of pre-season. Measures included: mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat per cent (BF%). Players' activity during on-field training sessions was monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS) units, with GPS data used to obtain estimations of energy expenditure (EE). Whole-body mass remained unchanged across the pre-season. Moderate significant increases and decreases were achieved in whole-body FFM (Pre: 59.58 ± 5.27 kg; Post: 60.61 ± 5.18 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.87) and FM (Pre: 10.60 ± 1.88 kg; Post: 9.56 ± 1.81 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.85), respectively. Moderate significant decreases were achieved in whole-body BF% (Pre: 14.4 ± 2.3%; Post: 12.9 ± 2.0%; p < 0.001; d = 0.94). No significant inter-positional differences were observed for the changes achieved in any global or regional estimate of body composition. Total EE was significantly correlated with ΔFM (r = 0.65, p = 0.002), ΔFFM (r = 0.46, p = 0.03), and ΔBF% (r = 0.67, p = 0.002). The total EE of pre-season training accounted for 42%, 21%, and 45% of the variance in ΔFM, ΔFFM, and ΔBF%, respectively. These findings suggest that the pre-season period is a suitable time for initiating favourable alterations in body composition following the off-season in elite soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Paul McEwan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Department, Shanghai Greenland Shenhua FC, Shanghai, China
- Medical, Sport Science and Health Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Lizarraga
- Medical, Sport Science and Health Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Pons
- Sports Performance Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Dello Iacon
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | - Viswanath Unnithan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ribeiro JN, Gonçalves B, Coutinho D, Brito J, Sampaio J, Travassos B. Activity Profile and Physical Performance of Match Play in Elite Futsal Players. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1709. [PMID: 32793058 PMCID: PMC7393767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physical demands of futsal requires a precise quantification of the players’ activities during match play. This study aimed to (1) describe external load, identifying the differences between the first and second halves in official futsal matches; (2) identify the most important external workload metrics to profile the players; and (3) identify the collinearity between variables in the analysis of physical performance of futsal players. Match external load data were collected from male players (n = 28) in six games of the Final Eight of the Portuguese Futsal Cup 2018. The players increased the distance covered per minute at 12–18 km/h in the second half (p < 0.01). Dynamic stress load also increased in the second half (p = 0.01). The variables that best predicted the physical profile of each player were decelerations (predictor importance, PI = 1), walking (PI = 1), sprinting (PI = 1), jogging (PI = 0.997), total distance covered per minute (PI = 0.992), and metabolic power (PI = 0.989). Decelerations showed the highest association with the clusters levels (p < 0.001; PI = 1); this suggests decelerations as a potential candidate for best analyzing the physical load of futsal players. Overall, the data from this exploratory study suggest that distance covered per minute (m/min), number of sprints (>18 km/h), decelerations (greater than-2 m/s), and metabolic power (W/kg) are the variables that most discriminate the load intensity of elite futsal players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Ribeiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Coutinho
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal.,Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Young D, Malone S, Collins K, Mourot L, Beato M, Coratella G. Metabolic power in hurling with respect to position and halves of match-play. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225947. [PMID: 31891945 PMCID: PMC6938404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current investigation compared the metabolic power and energetic characteristics in team sports with respect to positional lines and halves of match-play. Global positioning system (GPS) technology data were collected from 22 elite competitive hurling matches over a 3-season period. A total of 250 complete match-files were recorded with players split into positional groups of full-back; half-back; midfield; half-forward; full-forward. Raw GPS data were exported into a customized spreadsheet that provided estimations of metabolic power and speed variables across match-play events (average metabolic power [Pmet], high metabolic load distance [HMLD], total distance, relative distance, high-speed distance, maximal speed, accelerations, and deceleration). Pmet, HMLD, total, relative and high-speed distance were 8.9 ± 1.6 W·kg-1, 1457 ± 349 m, 7506 ± 1364 m, 107 ± 20 m·min-1 and 1169 ± 260 m respectively. Half-backs, midfielders and half-forwards outperformed full-backs (Effect Size [ES] = 1.03, 1.22 and 2.07 respectively), and full-forwards in Pmet (Effect Size [ES] = 1.70, 2.07 and 1.28 respectively), and HMLD (full-backs: ES = -1.23, -1.37 and -0.84 respectively, and full-forwards: ES = -1.77, -2.00 and -1.38 respectively). Half-backs (ES = -0.60), midfielders (ES = -0.81), and half-forwards (ES = -0.74) experienced a second-half temporal decrement in HMLD. The current investigation demonstrates that metabolic power may increase our understanding of the match-play demands placed on elite hurling players. Coaches may utilize these findings to construct training drills that replicate match-play demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Young
- Limerick Institute of Technology, Thurles Campus, Thurles, Tipperary, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Shane Malone
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- The Tom Reilly Building, Research Institute for sport and exercise sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Collins
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- The Tom Reilly Building, Research Institute for sport and exercise sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Mourot
- Research Unit EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance, Exercise Performance Health, Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moreno-Pérez V, Malone S, Sala-Pérez L, Lapuente-Sagarra M, Campos-Vazquez MA, Del Coso J. Activity monitoring in professional soccer goalkeepers during training and match play. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1699386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Shane Malone
- Human Performance Lab, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Ireland
- The Tom Reilly Building, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lluís Sala-Pérez
- Sport Science Department, FC Girondins of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|