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The Bionic High-Cushioning Midsole of Shoes Inspired by Functional Characteristics of Ostrich Foot. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010001. [PMID: 36671573 PMCID: PMC9854612 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sole is a key component of the interaction between foot and ground in daily activities, and its cushioning performance plays a crucial role in protecting the joints of lower limbs from impact injuries. Based on the excellent cushioning performance of the ostrich foot and inspired by the structure and material assembly features of the ostrich foot's metatarsophalangeal skeletal-tendon and the ostrich toe pad-fascia, a functional bionic cushioning unit for the midsole (including the forefoot and heel) area of athletic shoes was designed using engineering bionic technology. The bionic cushioning unit was then processed based on the bionic design model, and the shoe soles were tested with six impact energies ranging from 3.3 J to 11.6 J for a drop hammer impact and compared with the conventional control sole of the same size. The results indicated that the bionic forefoot area absorbed 9.83-34.95% more impact and 10.65-43.84% more energy than the conventional control forefoot area, while the bionic heel area absorbed 26.34-44.29% more impact and 28.1-51.29% more energy than the conventional control heel area when the controlled impact energy varied from 3.3 J to 11.6 J. The cushioning performance of the bionic cushioning sole was generally better than that of the conventional control sole, and the cushioning and energy-absorption performances of the heel bionic cushioning unit were better than those of the forefoot bionic cushioning unit. This study provides innovative reference and research ideas for the design and development of sports shoes with good cushioning performance.
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Teng J, Qu F, Shen S, Jia SW, Lam WK. Effects of midsole thickness on ground reaction force, ankle stability, and sports performances in four basketball movements. Sports Biomech 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36047733 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in midsole thickness can influence cushioning and rearfoot stability in running, but no information has been established in basketball. This study aimed to investigate whether midsole thickness would alter ground reaction force, ankle stability and performance-related indicators in four basketball manoeuvres. Fifteen university basketball athletes performed lateral shuffle, forward sprint, counter-movement jump (CMJ) and drop landing in basketball shoes of five midsole thicknesses (Thinnest, Thin, Medium, Thick, Thickest). One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed on each of the biomechanics and performances variables and Friedman test was performed on comfort perceptions. Our findings found a significant midsole thickness effect on the lower extremity biomechanics (p < 0.05), with better traction (p = 0.019) and greater plantarflexion (p = 0.019) while sprinting with thinner shoe conditions. Thicker basketball shoes led to greater rearfoot inversion (p = 0.004) and a more significant inversion velocity peak (p = 0.019) during lateral shuffling. No significant difference in peak impact force or peak loading rate was observed between shoes during drop landing. These findings suggest that participants wearing basketball shoes with thicker midsole may lead to ankle instability during lateral shuffling manoeuvres. Wearing basketball shoes with thinner midsoles may be beneficial for sprint and jump performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Engineering,Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Sheng-Wei Jia
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Ab Rashid AM, Ramlee MH, Gan HS, Rafiq Abdul Kadir M. Effects of badminton insole design on stress distribution, displacement and bone rotation of ankle joint during single-leg landing: a finite element analysis. Sports Biomech 2022:1-22. [PMID: 35722740 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2086168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has reported that up to 92% of injuries amongst badminton players consist of lower limb, whereby 35% of foot fractures occurred at the metatarsal bone. In sports, insoles are widely used to increase athletes' performance and prevent many injuries. However, there is still a lack of badminton insole analysis and improvements. Therefore, this study aimed to biomechanically analyse three different insole designs. A validated and converged three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of ankle-foot complex was developed, which consisted of the skin, talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform, cuboid, five metatarsals and five phalanges. Three existing insoles from the market, (1) Yonex Active Pro Truactive, (2) Victor VT-XD 8 and (3) Li-Ning L6200LA, were scanned using a 3D scanner. For the analysis, single-leg landing was simulated. On the superior surface of the skin, 2.57 times of the bodyweight was axially applied, and the inferior surface of the outsole was fixed. The results showed that Insole 3 was the most optimum design to reduce peak stress on the metatarsals (3.807 MPa). In conclusion, the optimum design of Insole 3, based on the finite element analysis, could be a justification of athletes' choices to prevent injury and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mustakim Ab Rashid
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hanif Ramlee
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Hong Seng Gan
- Department of Data Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 UMK City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Sports Innovation and Technology Centre (SITC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Yang Y, Yu C, Yang C, Deng L, Fu W. Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by bipedal landing with different drop tasks and shoes. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The ability of the lower-extremity muscle activation directly affects the performance and in turn interacts with the loading conditions of the muscle itself. However, systematic information concerning the characteristics of lower-extremity muscle during landings is lacking. In particular, the landing height and shoes are also important factors based on the actual situation, which could further contribute to understanding the neuromuscular activity and how biochemical response of the body tissues to double-leg drop landings. OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the activation of lower-extremity muscles and explore the relationship among movement control, landing heights, shoe cushioning, and muscle activities. METHODS: Twelve male basketball players were recruited to perform drop jump (DJ) and passive landing (PL) from three heights (30, 45, and 60 cm) while wearing highly-cushioned basketball shoes (HC) and less-cushioned control shoes (LC). EMG electrodes were used to record the activities of the target muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius) during the landing tasks. RESULTS: Pre- and post-activation activity of the lower-extremity muscles significantly decreased during PL compared with those during DJ (p< 0.05). No significant shoe effects on the characteristics of muscle activation and coactivation during DJ movements were observed. However, the participants wearing LC showed significantly higher muscle post-activation (p< 0.05) at the three drop heights during PL compared with those wearing HC. Coactivation of the ankle muscles was higher in LC than in HC during 30-cm PL (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The activation patterns of lower-extremity muscles can be significantly influenced by landing types. Highly-cushioned basketball shoes would help reduce the risk of injuries by appropriately tuning the muscles during the PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxiao Yu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Deng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Effect of the Shoe Sole on the Vibration Transmitted from the Supporting Surface to the Feet. VIBRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/vibration4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vibration transmitted through the foot can lead to vibration white feet, resulting in blanching of the toes and the disruption of blood circulation. Controlled studies identifying industrial boot characteristics effective at attenuating vibration exposure are lacking. This work focused on the evaluation of vibration transmissibility of boot midsole materials and insoles across the range 10–200 Hz at different foot locations. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the comfort of each material. The materials were less effective at attenuating vibration transmitted to the toe region of the foot than the heel. Between 10 and 20 Hz, all midsole materials reduced the average vibration transmitted to the foot. The average transmissibility at the toes above 100 Hz was larger than 1, evidencing that none of the tested material protects the worker from vibration-related risks. There was a poor correlation between the vibration transmissibility and the subjective evaluation of comfort. Future research is needed to identify materials effective for protecting both the toe and the heel regions of the foot. Specific standards for shoe testing are required as well.
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Al Nashar M, Sutradhar A. Design of Hierarchical Architected Lattices for Enhanced Energy Absorption. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5384. [PMID: 34576608 PMCID: PMC8470769 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical lattices are structures composed of self-similar or dissimilar architected metamaterials that span multiple length scales. Hierarchical lattices have superior and tunable properties when compared to conventional lattices, and thus, open the door for a wide range of material property manipulation and optimization. Using finite element analysis, we investigate the energy absorption capabilities of 3D hierarchical lattices for various unit cells under low strain rates and loads. In this study, we use fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to fabricate a dog bone specimen and extract the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 85A with a hundred percent infill printed along the direction of tensile loading. With the numerical results, we observed that the energy absorption performance of the octet lattice can be enhanced four to five times by introducing a hierarchy in the structure. Conventional energy absorption structures such as foams and lattices have demonstrated their effectiveness and strengths; this research aims at expanding the design domain of energy absorption structures by exploiting 3D hierarchical lattices. The result of introducing a hierarchy to a lattice on the energy absorption performance is investigated by varying the hierarchical order from a first-order octet to a second-order octet. In addition, the effect of relative density on the energy absorption is isolated by creating a comparison between a first-order octet lattice with an equivalent relative density as a second-order octet lattice. The compression behaviors for the second order octet, dodecahedron, and truncated octahedron are studied. The effect of changing the cross-sectional geometry of the lattice members with respect to the energy absorption performance is investigated. Changing the orientation of the second-order cells from 0 to 45 degrees has a considerable impact on the force-displacement curve, providing a 20% increase in energy absorption for the second-order octet. Analytical solutions of the effective elasticity modulus for the first- and second-order octet lattices are compared to validate the simulations. The findings of this paper and the provided understanding will aid future works in lattice design optimization for energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alok Sutradhar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Teixeira R, Coelho C, Oliveira J, Gomes J, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Nóbrega JM, da Silva AF, Carneiro OS. Towards Customized Footwear with Improved Comfort. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1738. [PMID: 33916171 PMCID: PMC8036479 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A methodology enabling the customization of shoes for comfort improvement is proposed and assessed. For this aim, 3D printed graded density inserts were placed in one of the critical plantar pressure zones of conventional insoles, the heel. A semi-automated routine was developed to design the 3D inserts ready for printing, which comprises three main stages: (i) the definition of the number of areas with different mesh density, (ii) the generation of 2D components with continuous graded mesh density, and (iii) the generation of a 3D component having the same 2D base mesh. The adequacy of the mesh densities used in the inserts was previously assessed through compression tests, using uniform mesh density samples. Slippers with different pairs of inserts embedded in their insoles were mechanically characterized, and their comfort was qualitatively assessed by a panel of users. All users found a particular pair, or a set, of prototype slippers more comfortable than the original ones, taken as reference, but their preferences were not consensual. This emphasizes the need for shoe customization, and the usefulness of the proposed methodology to achieve such a goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Teixeira
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (R.T.); (J.O.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Carlos Coelho
- Atlanta—Componentes Para Calçado, Lda, Marco de Simães, 4615-414 Macieira da Lixa, Portugal;
| | - João Oliveira
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (R.T.); (J.O.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Joana Gomes
- CTCP—Portuguese Footwear Technological Centre, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal; (J.G.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Vera Vaz Pinto
- CTCP—Portuguese Footwear Technological Centre, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal; (J.G.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- CTCP—Portuguese Footwear Technological Centre, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal; (J.G.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - João Miguel Nóbrega
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (R.T.); (J.O.); (J.M.N.)
| | | | - Olga Sousa Carneiro
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (R.T.); (J.O.); (J.M.N.)
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Srewaradachpisal S, Dechwayukul C, Chatpun S, Spontak RJ, Thongruang W. Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092032. [PMID: 32906718 PMCID: PMC7563865 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact force remains the primary cause of foot injury and general discomfort with regard to footwear. The footwear industry traditionally relies on modified elastomers (including natural rubber) whose properties can be physically adjusted by varying the constituents in the rubber formulations. This work aims to investigate the effect of filler/plasticizer fractions on shock attenuation of natural rubber soles. The statistical response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the loading of natural rubber, fillers (carbon black and china clay) and a plasticizer (paraffinic oil). A novel predictive equation addressing the effects of additives on the physical and mechanical properties of the shoe sole was successfully created using the RSM. Our results demonstrate how the concentrations of these components regulate final properties, such as impact force absorption and hardness, in the commercial manufacture of shoe soles. While a higher loading level of plasticizer promotes reductions in hardness and impact force, as well as energy dissipation, in these modified elastomers, these properties were improved by increasing the filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satta Srewaradachpisal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Charoenyutr Dechwayukul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Surapong Chatpun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Wiriya Thongruang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7428-7217
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Saito Y, Chikenji TS, Takata Y, Kamiya T, Uchiyama E. Can an insole for obese individuals maintain the arch of the foot against repeated hyper loading? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:442. [PMID: 31604431 PMCID: PMC6790017 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insoles are often applied as preventive therapy of flatfoot deformity, but the therapeutic effects on obese individuals are still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect of insole use on time-dependent changes in the foot arch during a repeated-loading simulation designed to represent 20,000 contiguous steps in individuals with a BMI value in the range of 30-40 kg/m2. METHODS Eighteen cadaveric feet were randomly divided into the following three groups: normal, obese, and insole. Ten thousand cyclic loadings of 500 N (normal group) or 1000 N (obese and insole groups) were applied to the feet. We measured time-dependent change in arch height and calculated the bony arch index (BAI), arch flexibility, and energy absorption. RESULTS The normal group maintained more than 0.21 BAI, which is the diagnostic criterion for a normal arch, throughout the 10,000 cycles; however, BAI was less than 0.21 at 1000 cycles in the obese group (mean, 0.203; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.196-0.209) and at 6000 cycles in the insole group (mean, 0.200; 95% CI, 0.191-0.209). Although there was a significant time-dependent decrease in flexibility and energy absorption in both the obese and insole groups (P < 0.001), the difference between 1 and 10,000 cycles were significantly smaller in the insole group than in the obese group (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Use of insoles for obese individuals may help to slow time-dependent foot structural changes. However, the effect was not enough to maintain the foot structure against repeated hyper loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
| | - Takako S. Chikenji
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608556 Japan
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Shoe Cushioning Effects on Foot Loading and Comfort Perception during Typical Basketball Maneuvers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between foot loading and comfort perception in two basketball shoes during basketball-specific maneuvers. Methods: Twelve male collegiate basketball players were required to complete three basketball maneuvers (i.e., side-step cutting, 90° L-direction running, and lay-up jumping) in two basketball shoe conditions (shoe L and shoe N, with different midsole cushioning types). Two Kistler force plates and a Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect kinetic data (i.e., impact force, peak loading rate, and plantar pressure variables). Perception scales were used to evaluate comfort perception. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two shoes during maneuvers in terms of ground reaction force. However, the plantar pressure of shoe L in the midfoot and lateral foot regions was significantly greater than that of shoe N during side-step cutting and lay-up jumping. Shoe N was significantly superior to shoe L, especially in dynamic scale in terms of the perception of comfort. The plantar pressure and perception characteristics in the two shoes were significantly different but inconsistent with each other. Conclusion: The biomechanical characteristics of the shoes themselves and the perception evaluation of the athletes should be considered in comprehensive shoe-cushioning design and evaluation.
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Low FZ, Chua MCH, Lim PY, Yeow CH. Effects of Mattress Material on Body Pressure Profiles in Different Sleeping Postures. J Chiropr Med 2017; 16:1-9. [PMID: 28228692 PMCID: PMC5310954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the body contact pressure profiles of 2 types of mattresses: latex and polyurethane. METHODS Twenty participants were required to lie down on the different mattresses in 3 different postures for 6 minutes, and their body contact pressure profiles were recorded with a pressure mat sensor. RESULTS The data indicated that the latex mattress was able to reduce the peak body pressure on the torso and buttocks and achieve a higher proportion of low-pressure regions compared with the polyurethane mattress. CONCLUSIONS Latex mattress reduced peak body pressure and achieved a more even distribution of pressure compared with polyurethane mattress across different sleeping postures.
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Hasan H, Davids K, Chow JY, Kerr G. Compression and texture in socks enhance football kicking performance. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 48:102-11. [PMID: 27155962 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe effects of wearing textured insoles and clinical compression socks on organisation of lower limb interceptive actions in developing athletes of different skill levels in association football. Six advanced learners and six completely novice football players (15.4±0.9years) performed 20 instep kicks with maximum velocity, in four randomly organised insoles and socks conditions, (a) Smooth Socks with Smooth Insoles (SSSI); (b) Smooth Socks with Textured Insoles (SSTI); (c) Compression Socks with Smooth Insoles (CSSI) and (d), Compression Socks with Textured Insoles (CSTI). Reflective markers were placed on key anatomical locations and the ball to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) movement recording and analysis. Data on 3D kinematic variables and initial ball velocity were analysed using one-way mixed model ANOVAs. Results revealed that wearing textured and compression materials enhanced performance in key variables, such as the maximum velocity of the instep kick and increased initial ball velocity, among advanced learners compared to the use of non-textured and compression materials. Adding texture to football boot insoles appeared to interact with compression materials to improve kicking performance, captured by these important measures. This improvement in kicking performance is likely to have occurred through enhanced somatosensory system feedback utilised for foot placement and movement organisation of the lower limbs. Data suggested that advanced learners were better at harnessing the augmented feedback information from compression and texture to regulate emerging movement patterns compared to novices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni Hasan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Keith Davids
- FiDiPro Programme, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Yi Chow
- Physical Education and Sports Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Graham Kerr
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Peng HT, Chen JC, Huang SK, Li SY, Chen ZR. The effect of the insole with foot arch and heel cup support on baseball pitching. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2015.1038307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Influence of wedges on lower limbs' kinematics and net joint moments during healthy elderly gait using principal component analysis. Hum Mov Sci 2014; 38:319-30. [PMID: 25457428 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The elderly are susceptible to many disorders that alter the gait pattern and could lead to falls and reduction of mobility. One of the most applied therapeutical approaches to correct altered gait patterns is the insertion of insoles. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful method used to reduce redundant information and it allows the comparison of the complete waveform. The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of wedges on lower limbs' net joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during the gait of healthy elderly participants using PCA. In addition, discrete values of lower limbs' peak net moment and ROM were also evaluated. 20 subjects walked with no wedges (control condition) and wearing six different wedges. The variables analyzed were the Principal Components from joint net moments and ROM in the sagittal plane in the ankle and knee and joint net moments in frontal plane in the knee. The discrete variables were peak joint net moments and ROM in sagittal plane in knee and ankle. The results showed the influence of the wedges to be clearer by analyzing through PCA methods than to use discrete parameters of gait curves, where the differences between conditions could be hidden.
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Paterson KL, Wrigley TV, Bennell KL, Hinman RS. A survey of footwear advice, beliefs and wear habits in people with knee osteoarthritis. J Foot Ankle Res 2014; 7:43. [PMID: 25352917 PMCID: PMC4210582 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-014-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expert opinion recommends cushioned and supportive footwear for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known about the footwear advice people receive from healthcare professionals, or the beliefs and footwear habits of people with knee OA. This study aimed to determine i) what types of shoes people are advised to wear for their knee OA and by whom; ii) establish which types of shoes people with knee OA believe are best for managing their knee OA symptoms and (iii) which shoes they wear most often. Methods 204 people with symptomatic knee OA completed an online survey. The survey comprised 14 questions asking what footwear advice people had received for their knee OA and who they received it from, individual beliefs about optimal footwear styles for their knee OA symptoms and the types of footwear usually worn. Results Only one third (n = 69, 34%) of participants reported receiving footwear advice for their knee OA, and this was most frequently received from a podiatrist (n = 47, 68%). The most common advice was to wear sturdy/supportive shoes (n = 96, 47%) or shoes with arch supports (n = 84, 41%). These were also amongst the shoe styles that participants believed were best for their knee OA (n = 157 (77%) and n = 138 (68%) respectively). The type of shoes most frequently worn were athletic (n = 131, 64%) and sturdy/supportive shoes (n = 116, 57%). Conclusions Most people with knee OA who completed our survey had not received advice about footwear for their knee OA symptoms. Our participants typically believed that sturdy/supportive shoes were best for their knee OA and this shoe style was most frequently worn, which is reflective of expert opinion. Future research is needed to confirm whether sturdy/supportive shoes are indeed optimal for managing symptoms of knee OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13047-014-0043-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade L Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Tim V Wrigley
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kim L Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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The Development of a Custom-Built Portable Impact-testing Device for Assessing the Cushioning Properties of Athletic Socks. J Appl Biomech 2013. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.29.6.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite manufacturer claims that athletic socks attenuate force during exercise, no device exists to assess this. Therefore, this study outlines the development of a custom-built impact-testing device for assessing the cushioning properties of socks. The device used a gravity-driven impact striker (8.5 kg), released from 0.05 m, which impacted a no-sock, sock or a basic shoe/sock condition in the vertical axis. A load cell (10,000 Hz) assessed peak impact force, time to peak impact force and loading rate. Reliability was investigated between day, between trial and within trial. Excellent reliability (coefficient of variation < 5% adjusted for 95% confidence limits) was reported for peak impact force in all conditions, with no evidence of systematic bias. Good reliability (coefficient of variation < 10% adjusted for 68% confidence limits) was reported for time to peak impact force and loading rate with some evidence of systematic bias. It was concluded that the custom-built impact-testing device was reliable and sensitive for the measurement of peak impact force on socks.
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The cushioning properties of athletic socks: an impact testing perspective. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013; 28:825-30. [PMID: 23880449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the aims of the sock/shoe unit is to reduce the severity of impact forces on the lower extremity although the injury prevention potential of the sock through the attenuation of impact force has yet to be established. This study aims to determine the effect of athletic socks and a sock/shoe unit on peak impact force, time to peak impact force and loading rate using an impact testing methodology. METHODS An impact testing system with a gravity driven vertical impact striker (8.5kg) fitted with a load cell (10,000Hz) which was released from 0.05m to impact the specimen on the vertical axis (impact velocity=0.99m·s(-1)) was used throughout the study. FINDINGS All socks reduced peak impact force by between 6% and 20% when compared to a no sock control condition. Furthermore, large significant correlation coefficients (r=.62 to .72) were observed between thickness and peak impact force, time to peak impact force and loading rate in the sock only condition. INTERPRETATION Athletic socks demonstrate cushioning properties under impact testing conditions.
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Yeow CH, Lee PVS, Goh JCH. Shod landing provides enhanced energy dissipation at the knee joint relative to barefoot landing from different heights. Knee 2011; 18:407-11. [PMID: 20797866 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Athletic shoes can directly provide shock absorption at the foot due to its cushioning properties, however it remains unclear how these shoes may affect the level of energy dissipation contributed by the knee joint. This study sought to investigate biomechanical differences, in terms of knee kinematics, kinetics and energetics, between barefoot and shod landing from different heights. Twelve healthy male recreational athletes were recruited and instructed to perform double-leg landing from 0.3-m and 0.6-m heights in barefoot and shod conditions. The shoe model tested was Brooks Maximus II. Markers were placed on the subjects based on the Plug-in Gait Marker Set. Force-plates and motion-capture system were used to capture ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematics data respectively. 2×2-ANOVA (barefoot/shod condition×landing height) was performed to examine differences in knee kinematics, kinetics and energetics between barefoot and shod conditions from different landing heights. Peak GRF was not significantly different (p=0.732-0.824) between barefoot and shod conditions for both landing heights. Knee range-of-motion, flexion angular velocity, external knee flexion moment, and joint power and work were higher during shod landing (p<0.001 to p=0.007), compared to barefoot landing for both landing heights. No significant interactions (p=0.073-0.933) were found between landing height and barefoot/shod condition for the tested parameters. While the increase in landing height can elevate knee energetics independent of barefoot/shod conditions, we have also shown that the shod condition was able to augment the level of energy dissipation contributed by the knee joint, via the knee extensors, regardless of the tested landing heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yeow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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An investigation of lower extremity energy dissipation strategies during single-leg and double-leg landing based on sagittal and frontal plane biomechanics. Hum Mov Sci 2011; 30:624-35. [PMID: 21411162 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the differences in lower extremity energy dissipation strategies between single-leg and double-leg landing maneuvers. This study sought to investigate these differences in sagittal and frontal planes, and explain the differences using kinematics and kinetics. We hypothesized that single-leg and double-leg landing maneuvers involve different lower extremity energy dissipation strategies in both planes. Ten recreational athletes were recruited and instructed to perform double-leg and single-leg landing from 0.60-m height. Force-plates and motion-capture system were used to obtain kinetics and kinematics data respectively. Joint power was taken as product of joint moment and angular velocity. Joint work was computed as integral of joint power over time, whereby negative work represented energy dissipation. In the sagittal plane, the hip and knee showed major contributions to energy dissipation during double-leg landing; the hip and ankle were the dominant energy dissipaters during single-leg landing. In the frontal plane, the hip acted as the key energy dissipater during double-leg landing; the knee contributed the most energy dissipation during single-leg landing. The knee also exhibited greater frontal plane joint ROM, moment and energy dissipation during single-leg landing than double-leg landing. Our findings indicated that different energy dissipation strategies were adopted for double-leg and single-leg landing in sagittal and frontal planes. Considering the prominent frontal plane biomechanics exhibited by the knee during single-leg landing, we expect that this maneuver may have greater likelihood of leading to traumatic knee injuries, particularly non-contact ACL injuries, compared to the double-leg landing maneuver.
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The effect of socks on vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces in walking and running. Foot (Edinb) 2011; 21:1-5. [PMID: 21074986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that socks may have the potential for injury protection through the absorption and/or redistribution of impact forces. However, there is limited research regarding the shock attenuation qualities of athletic socks in sporting populations and previously observed pressure reductions have not been quantified using a force plate. OBJECTIVE Firstly to identify the effect of specialist athletic socks on vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces (GRFs) during walking and running. Secondly, to compare GRFs between specialist socks, non-specialist socks and barefoot walking and running conditions. METHODS Following ethical approval participants (n=5) completed five walking (1.52-1.68 m s(-1)) and running (3.8-4.2 m s(-1)) trials, unshod, over a force plate. This was completed before and after a 5000 m run (3.2 m s(-1)) in their own trainers in three conditions; barefoot, non-specialist socks and specialist running socks. RESULTS Significant differences were identified between barefoot and specialist sock conditions for pre-intervention time to impact peak (F=3.110((2)), P=.05, r=.11) and maximum propulsive force (F=8.126((2)), P=.001, r=.25) when walking. Post hoc analysis identified an increase of .0016 s in time to impact peak when walking barefoot compared to the specialist sock condition (T=-7.402((4)), P=.002, r=.71). During walking the specialist sock also demonstrated a significant decrease of .075 BWs in maximum propulsive force when compared to the barefoot condition (T=-7.624((4)), P=.002, r=.79). Both significant effects diminished following the 5000 m run. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the specialist running sock has limited effects on GRFs and therefore may be responsible for a limited degree of shock attenuation experienced during walking.
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Yeow C, Lee P, Goh J. Effect of landing height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics and energy dissipation at lower extremity joints. J Biomech 2009; 42:1967-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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