1
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Garcia-Leon MJ, Liboni C, Mittelheisser V, Bochler L, Follain G, Mouriaux C, Busnelli I, Larnicol A, Colin F, Peralta M, Osmani N, Gensbittel V, Bourdon C, Samaniego R, Pichot A, Paul N, Molitor A, Carapito R, Jandrot-Perrus M, Lefebvre O, Mangin PH, Goetz JG. Platelets favor the outgrowth of established metastases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3297. [PMID: 38740748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence demonstrating that platelets foster metastasis, anti-platelet agents have low therapeutic potential due to the risk of hemorrhages. In addition, whether platelets can regulate metastasis at the late stages of the disease remains unknown. In this study, we subject syngeneic models of metastasis to various thrombocytopenic regimes to show that platelets provide a biphasic contribution to metastasis. While potent intravascular binding of platelets to tumor cells efficiently promotes metastasis, platelets further support the outgrowth of established metastases via immune suppression. Genetic depletion and pharmacological targeting of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) platelet-specific receptor in humanized mouse models efficiently reduce the growth of established metastases, independently of active platelet binding to tumor cells in the bloodstream. Our study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy when targeting animals bearing growing metastases. It further identifies GPVI as a molecular target whose inhibition can impair metastasis without inducing collateral hemostatic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Garcia-Leon
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- Domain therapeutics, Parc d'Innovation - 220 Boulevard Gonthier D'Andernach, 67400, Strasbourg - Illkirch, France.
| | - Cristina Liboni
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Louis Bochler
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Gautier Follain
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florent Colin
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marina Peralta
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bourdon
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angélique Pichot
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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2
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Mangin PH, Gardiner EE, Ariëns RAS, Jandrot-Perrus M. Glycoprotein VI interplay with fibrin(ogen) in thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1703-1713. [PMID: 36990158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in the arrest of bleeding. The ability of platelets to engage with extracellular matrix proteins of the subendothelium has long been recognized as a pivotal platelet attribute, underpinning adequate hemostasis. The propensity of platelets to rapidly bind and functionally respond to collagen was one of the earliest documented events in platelet biology. The receptor primarily responsible for mediating platelet/collagen responses was identified as glycoprotein (GP) VI and successfully cloned in 1999. Since that time, this receptor has held the attention of many research groups, and through these efforts, we now have an excellent understanding of the roles of GPVI as a platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific adheso-signaling receptor in platelet biology. GPVI is considered a viable antithrombotic target, as data obtained from groups across the world is consistent with GPVI being less involved in physiological hemostatic processes but participating in arterial thrombosis. This review will highlight the key aspects of GPVI contributions to platelet biology and concentrate on the interaction with recently identified ligands, with a focus on fibrin and fibrinogen, discussing the role of these interactions in the growth and stability of thrombi. We will also discuss important therapeutic developments that target GPVI to modulate platelet function while minimizing bleeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg F-67065 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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3
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Billiald P, Slater A, Welin M, Clark JC, Loyau S, Pugnière M, Jiacomini IG, Rose N, Lebozec K, Toledano E, François D, Watson SP, Jandrot-Perrus M. Targeting platelet GPVI with glenzocimab: a novel mechanism for inhibition. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1258-1268. [PMID: 36375047 PMCID: PMC10119634 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is attracting interest as a potential target for the development of new antiplatelet molecules with a low bleeding risk. GPVI binding to vascular collagen initiates thrombus formation and GPVI interactions with fibrin promote the growth and stability of the thrombus. In this study, we show that glenzocimab, a clinical stage humanized antibody fragment (Fab) with a high affinity for GPVI, blocks the binding of both ligands through a combination of steric hindrance and structural change. A cocrystal of glenzocimab with an extracellular domain of monomeric GPVI was obtained and its structure determined to a resolution of 1.9 Å. The data revealed that (1) glenzocimab binds to the D2 domain of GPVI, GPVI dimerization was not observed in the crystal structure because glenzocimab prevented D2 homotypic interactions and the formation of dimers that have a high affinity for collagen and fibrin; and (2) the light variable domain of the GPVI-bound Fab causes steric hindrance that is predicted to prevent the collagen-related peptide (CRP)/collagen fibers from extending out of their binding site and preclude GPVI clustering and downstream signaling. Glenzocimab did not bind to a truncated GPVI missing loop residues 129 to 136, thus validating the epitope identified in the crystal structure. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the binding of glenzocimab to the D2 domain of GPVI induces steric hindrance and structural modifications that drive the inhibition of GPVI interactions with its major ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Billiald
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UMR_S1148 INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- School of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welin
- SARomics Biostructures, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanne C. Clark
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UMR_S1148 INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, U1194, Université Montpellier, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabella G. Jiacomini
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nadia Rose
- SARomics Biostructures, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UMR_S1148 INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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4
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Novel approaches to antiplatelet therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Modulation of Glycoprotein VI and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways as an Antiplatelet Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179882. [PMID: 36077280 PMCID: PMC9456422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy aims to reduce the risk of thrombotic events while maintaining hemostasis. A promising current approach is the inhibition of platelet glycoprotein GPVI-mediated adhesion pathways; pathways that do not involve coagulation. GPVI is a signaling receptor integral for collagen-induced platelet activation and participates in the thrombus consolidation process, being a suitable target for thrombosis prevention. Considering this, the blocking or antibody-mediated depletion of GPVI is a promising antiplatelet therapy for the effective and safe treatment of thrombotic diseases without a significant risk of bleeding and impaired hemostatic plug formation. This review describes the current knowledge concerning pharmaceutical approaches to platelet GPVI modulation and its downstream signaling pathways in this context.
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6
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Targeting of a Conserved Epitope in Mouse and Human GPVI Differently Affects Receptor Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158610. [PMID: 35955743 PMCID: PMC9369317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) VI is the major platelet collagen receptor and a promising anti-thrombotic target. This was first demonstrated in mice using the rat monoclonal antibody JAQ1, which completely blocks the Collagen-Related Peptide (CRP)-binding site on mouse GPVI and efficiently inhibits mouse platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation on collagen. Here, we show for the first time that JAQ1 cross-reacts with human GPVI (huGPVI), but not with GPVI in other tested species, including rat, rabbit, guinea pig, swine, and dog. We further demonstrate that JAQ1 differently modulates mouse and human GPVI function. Similar to its effects on mouse GPVI (mGPVI), JAQ1 inhibits CRP-induced activation in human platelets, whereas, in stark contrast to mouse GPVI, it does not inhibit the adhesion, activation or aggregate formation of human platelets on collagen, but causes instead an increased response. This effect was also seen with platelets from newly generated human GPVI knockin mice (hGP6tg/tg). These results indicate that the binding of JAQ1 to a structurally conserved epitope in GPVI differently affects its function in human and mouse platelets.
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7
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Jadoui S, Le Chapelain O, Ollivier V, Mostefa-Kara A, Di Meglio L, Dupont S, Gros A, Nomenjanahary MS, Desilles JP, Mazighi M, Nieswandt B, Loyau S, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH, Ho-Tin-Noé B. Glenzocimab does not impact glycoprotein VI-dependent inflammatory haemostasis. Haematologica 2021; 106:2000-2003. [PMID: 33375772 PMCID: PMC8252939 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angèle Gros
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology
| | - Mikaël Mazighi
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- University Hospital Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg
| | | | | | - Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Ahmed MU, Receveur N, Janus‐Bell E, Mouriaux C, Gachet C, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Hechler B, Gardiner EE, Mangin PH. Respective roles of Glycoprotein VI and FcγRIIA in the regulation of αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation to fibrinogen, thrombus buildup, and stability. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12551. [PMID: 34263103 PMCID: PMC8268658 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between platelets and fibrinogen is the cornerstone of thrombus formation. Integrin αIIbβ3 is the main platelet adhesion receptor for fibrinogen and mediates an outside-in signal upon ligand binding that reinforces platelet activation. In addition, FcγRIIA and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) contribute to platelet activation on fibrinogen, thereby participating in thrombus growth and stability. To date, the relative importance of these two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing receptors in these processes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of FcγRIIA and GPVI to platelet activation on fibrinogen and subsequent thrombus growth and stability. METHODS We evaluated human and mouse platelet adhesion to fibrinogen in static assays and a flow-based approach to evaluate the contribution of FcγRIIA and GPVI to thrombus growth and stability. RESULTS We first confirmed that integrin αIIbβ3 is the key receptor supporting platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen. Using human platelets treated with pharmacological blocking agents and transgenic mouse platelets expressing human receptors, data indicate that GPVI, but not FcγRIIA, plays a prominent role in platelet activation on fibrinogen. Moreover, using a flow-based assay, we observed that blockade of GPVI with 1G5, but not FcγRIIA with IV.3, prevents thrombus growth. Finally, we observed that 1G5, but not IV.3, promotes the disaggregation of thrombi formed on collagen in vitro. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that GPVI, but not FcγRIIA, induces platelet activation and spreading on fibrinogen, and promotes thrombus buildup and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Emily Janus‐Bell
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Béatrice Hechler
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Pierre H. Mangin
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
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9
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Gupta S, Brass LF. Glycoprotein VI Blockade: Not Just Targeting Collagen Anymore? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1964-1966. [PMID: 32845775 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Gupta
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Lawrence F Brass
- From the Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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10
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Ahmed MU, Kaneva V, Loyau S, Nechipurenko D, Receveur N, Le Bris M, Janus-Bell E, Didelot M, Rauch A, Susen S, Chakfé N, Lanza F, Gardiner EE, Andrews RK, Panteleev M, Gachet C, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH. Pharmacological Blockade of Glycoprotein VI Promotes Thrombus Disaggregation in the Absence of Thrombin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2127-2142. [PMID: 32698684 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherothrombosis occurs upon rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and leads to the formation of a mural thrombus. Computational fluid dynamics and numerical models indicated that the mechanical stress applied to a thrombus increases dramatically as a thrombus grows, and that strong inter-platelet interactions are essential to maintain its stability. We investigated whether GPVI (glycoprotein VI)-mediated platelet activation helps to maintain thrombus stability by using real-time video-microscopy. Approach and Results: We showed that GPVI blockade with 2 distinct Fab fragments promoted efficient disaggregation of human thrombi preformed on collagen or on human atherosclerotic plaque material in the absence of thrombin. ACT017-induced disaggregation was achieved under arterial blood flow conditions, and its effect increased with wall shear rate. GPVI regulated platelet activation within a growing thrombus as evidenced by the loss in thrombus contraction when GPVI was blocked, and the absence of the disaggregating effect of an anti-GPVI agent when the thrombi were fully activated with soluble agonists. The GPVI-dependent thrombus stabilizing effect was further supported by the fact that inhibition of any of the 4 key immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motif signalling molecules, src-kinases, Syk, PI3Kβ, or phospholipase C, resulted in kinetics of thrombus disaggregation similar to ACT017. The absence of ACT017-induced disaggregation of thrombi from 2 afibrinogenemic patients suggests that the role of GPVI requires interaction with fibrinogen. Finally, platelet disaggregation of fibrin-rich thrombi was also promoted by ACT017 in combination with r-tPA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). CONCLUSIONS This work identifies an unrecognized role for GPVI in maintaining thrombus stability and suggests that targeting GPVI could dissolve platelet aggregates with a poor fibrin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ahmed
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Valeria Kaneva
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, UMR-S1148, France (S.L., M.J.-P.)
| | - Dmitry Nechipurenko
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Marion Le Bris
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Emily Janus-Bell
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Mélusine Didelot
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Antoine Rauch
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Sophie Susen
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Nabil Chakfé
- Université de Strasbourg, Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, France (N.C.)
| | - François Lanza
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Canberra, Australia (E.E.G.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Australia (R.K.A.)
| | - Mikhail Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Christian Gachet
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, UMR-S1148, France (S.L., M.J.-P.).,Acticor Biotech, France (M.J.-P.)
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
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11
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Le Chapelain O, Jadoui S, Boulaftali Y, Ho-Tin-Noé B. The reversed passive Arthus reaction as a model for investigating the mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis. Platelets 2020; 31:455-460. [PMID: 32105152 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1732325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that platelets continuously repair vascular damage at sites of inflammation and/or infection. Studies in mouse models of inflammation have highlighted the fact that the mechanisms underlying bleeding prevention by platelets in inflamed organs can substantially differ from those supporting primary hemostasis following tail tip transection or thrombus formation in models of thrombosis. As a consequence, exploration of the hemostatic function of platelets in inflammation, as well as assessment of the risk of inflammation-induced bleeding associated with a platelet deficit and/or the use of anti-thrombotic drugs, require the use of dedicated experimental models. In the present review, we present the pros and cons of the cutaneous reversed passive Arthus reaction, a model of inflammation which has been instrumental in studying how inflammation causes vascular injury and how platelets continuously intervene to repair it. The limitations and common issues encountered when working with mouse models of inflammation for investigating platelet functions in inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumaya Jadoui
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
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12
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Loyau S, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Bourrienne MC, Boulaftali Y, Jandrot-Perrus M. Microfluidic Modeling of Thrombolysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2626-2637. [PMID: 30354249 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Despite the high clinical relevance of thrombolysis, models for its study in human flowing blood are lacking. Our objective was to develop a microfluidic model for comparative evaluation of thrombolytic therapeutic strategies. Approach and Results- Citrated human blood was supplemented with 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide and Alexa Fluor 647 fibrinogen conjugate, recalcified, and perfused for 3 to 4 minutes at venous or arterial wall shear rate in microfluidic flow chambers coated with collagen and tissue factor to generate nonocclusive fluorescent thrombi. A second perfusion was performed for 10 minutes with rhodamine-6G-labeled citrated whole blood, supplemented or not with r-tPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated r-tPA, and Alexa Fluor 568 plasminogen conjugate. Plasminogen and r-tPA bound to preformed thrombi and r-tPA caused a concentration-dependent decrease in thrombus fibrin content (up to 50% reduction at 15 µg/mL r-tPA) as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Fibrinolysis was confirmed by measurement of D-dimers in the output flow. Remarkably, despite ongoing fibrinolysis, new platelets continued to be recruited to the thrombus under lysis. Under the arterial condition, combining r-tPA with hirudin enhanced fibrinolysis but did not prevent the recruitment of new platelets, which was, however, prevented by antiplatelet agents (ticagrelor or the GPVI [glycoprotein VI]-blocking antigen-binding fragment 9O12). Conclusions- Our microfluidic thrombolysis model is suitable for studying thrombolysis and testing the efficacy of drugs used in combination with r-tPA. Real-time analysis of fibrin and platelets during r-tPA-mediated fibrinolysis at arterial or venous flow conditions showed that platelets continue to accumulate during fibrinolysis. Such platelet accumulation may impair r-tPA-mediated recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Loyau
- From the INSERM, University Paris Diderot (S.L., B.H.-T.-N., Y.B., M.J.-P.), U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- From the INSERM, University Paris Diderot (S.L., B.H.-T.-N., Y.B., M.J.-P.), U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Bourrienne
- Department of Hematology, Bichat Hospital (M.-C.B.), U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- From the INSERM, University Paris Diderot (S.L., B.H.-T.-N., Y.B., M.J.-P.), U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- From the INSERM, University Paris Diderot (S.L., B.H.-T.-N., Y.B., M.J.-P.), U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
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13
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Xiang Q, Pang X, Liu Z, Yang G, Tao W, Pei Q, Cui Y. Progress in the development of antiplatelet agents: Focus on the targeted molecular pathway from bench to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107393. [PMID: 31356909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs serve as a first-line antithrombotic therapy for the management of acute ischemic events and the prevention of secondary complications in vascular diseases. Numerous antiplatelet therapies have been developed; however, currently available agents are still associated with inadequate efficacy, risk of bleeding, and variability in individual response. Understanding the mechanisms of platelet involvement in thrombosis and the clinical development process of antiplatelet agents is critical for the discovery of novel agents. The functions of platelets in thrombosis are regulated by two major mechanisms: the interaction between surface receptors and their ligands, and the downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Recently, most of the progress made in antiplatelet drug development has been achieved with P2Y receptor antagonists. Additionally, the usage of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists has decreased, because it is associated with a higher risk of bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Agents targeting other platelet surface receptors such as PARs, TP receptor, EP3 receptor, GPIb-IX-V receptor, P-selectin, as well as intracellular signaling factors, such as PI3Kβ, have been evaluated in an attempt to develop the next generation of antiplatelet drugs, reduce or eliminate interpatient variability of drug efficacy and significantly lower the risk of drug-induced bleeding. The aim of this review is to describe the pathways of platelet activation in thrombosis, and summarize the development process of antiplatelet agents, as well as the preclinical and clinical evaluations performed on these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, 138 TongZiPo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weikang Tao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, 138 TongZiPo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qi Pei
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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14
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Nurden AT. Clinical significance of altered collagen-receptor functioning in platelets with emphasis on glycoprotein VI. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100592. [PMID: 31351674 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Much interest surrounds the receptors α2β1 and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) whose synchronized action mediates the attachment and activation of platelets on collagen, essential for preventing blood loss but also the most thrombogenic component of the vessel wall. Subject to density variations on platelets through natural polymorphisms, the absence of α2β1 or GPVI uniquely leads to a substantial block of hemostasis without causing major bleeding. Specific to the megakaryocyte lineage, GPVI and its signaling pathways are most promising targets for anti-thrombotic therapy. This review looks at the clinical consequences of the loss of collagen receptor function with emphasis on both the inherited and acquired loss of GPVI with brief mention of mouse models when necessary. A detailed survey of rare case reports of patients with inherited disease-causing variants of the GP6 gene is followed by an assessment of the causes and clinical consequences of acquired GPVI deficiency, a more frequent finding most often due to antibody-induced platelet GPVI shedding. Release of soluble GPVI is brought about by platelet metalloproteinases; a process induced by ligand or antibody binding to GPVI or even high shear forces. Also included is an assessment of the clinical importance of GPVI-mediated platelet interactions with fibrin and of the promise shown by the pharmacological inhibition of GPVI in a cardiovascular context. The role for GPVI in platelet function in inflammation and in the evolution and treatment of major illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and sepsis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, PTIB, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France.
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15
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Voors-Pette C, Lebozec K, Dogterom P, Jullien L, Billiald P, Ferlan P, Renaud L, Favre-Bulle O, Avenard G, Machacek M, Plétan Y, Jandrot-Perrus M. Safety and Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of ACT017, an Antiplatelet GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) Fab. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:956-964. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
ACT017 is a novel, first in class, therapeutic antibody to platelet GPVI (glycoprotein VI) with potent and selective antiplatelet effects. This first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACT017 in healthy subjects.
Approach and Results—
Six cohorts of 8 healthy male and female subjects each received ascending single doses of ACT017 (n=6) or placebo (n=2) as a 6-hour intravenous infusion, with ¼ of the total dose administered within 15 minutes and the rest of the dose (¾ of the total dose) administered within 5 hours and 45 minutes. The 6 investigated doses ranged from 62.5 to 2000 mg. All doses of ACT017 were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events occurred during the study. None of the subjects reported an infusion site reaction. Template bleeding time was not affected in a clinically significant manner by any of the ACT017 doses. Plasma concentrations, determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, increased linearly with the dose received as were the established pharmacokinetics values. There was no change in the platelet count, platelet GPVI expression assessed by flow cytometry, or plasma levels of soluble GPVI assessed by ELISA. In contrast, administration of ACT017 inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation measured by light transmission aggregometry on platelet-rich plasma, and the extent and duration of the effect were dose-dependent.
Conclusions—
The novel antiplatelet agent ACT017 has consistent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and favorable safety and tolerability profiles warranting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristell Lebozec
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
- University Paris Sud, School of Pharmacy, Inserm-S 1193, Châtenay Malabry, France (K.L., P.B.)
| | - Peter Dogterom
- From the QPS Holdings LLC, Groningen, the Netherlands (C.V.-P., P.D.)
| | - Laurie Jullien
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
| | - Philippe Billiald
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
- University Paris Sud, School of Pharmacy, Inserm-S 1193, Châtenay Malabry, France (K.L., P.B.)
| | - Pauline Ferlan
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
| | | | - Olivier Favre-Bulle
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
- 3Biotech, Paris, France (O.F-B.)
| | - Gilles Avenard
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
| | | | - Yannick Plétan
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
- ULTRACE, Orsay, France (Y.P.)
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Acticor-Biotech, Paris, France (K.L., L.J., P.B., P.F., O.F-B., G.A., Y.P., M.J-P.)
- Inserm, Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR_S1148, Paris, France (M.J-P.)
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16
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Basak I, Bhatlekar S, Manne B, Stoller M, Hugo S, Kong X, Ma L, Rondina MT, Weyrich AS, Edelstein LC, Bray PF. miR-15a-5p regulates expression of multiple proteins in the megakaryocyte GPVI signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:511-524. [PMID: 30632265 PMCID: PMC6397079 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The action of microRNAs (miRs) in human megakaryocyte signaling is largely unknown. Cord blood-derived human megakaryocytes (MKs) were used to test the function of candidate miRs. miR-15a-5p negatively regulated MK GPVI-mediated αIIbβ3 activation and α-granule release. miR-15a-5p acts as a potential "master-miR" regulating genes in the MK GPVI signaling pathway. SUMMARY: Background Megakaryocytes (MKs) invest their progeny platelets with proteins and RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRs), which inhibit mRNA translation into protein, are abundantly expressed in MKs and platelets. Although platelet miRs have been associated with platelet reactivity and disease, there is a paucity of information on the function of miRs in human MKs. Objective To identify MK miRs that regulate the GPVI signaling pathway in the MK-platelet lineage. Methods Candidate miRs associated with GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation were tested for functionality in cultured MKs derived from cord blood. Results An unbiased, transcriptome-wide screen in 154 healthy donors identified platelet miR-15a-5p as significantly negatively associated with CRP-induced platelet aggregation. Platelet agonist dose-response curves demonstrated activation of αIIbβ3 in suspensions of cord blood-derived cultured MKs. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-15a-5p in these MKs reduced and enhanced, respectively, CRP-induced αIIbβ3 activation but did not alter thrombin or ADP stimulation. FYN, SRGN, FCER1G, MYLK. and PRKCQ, genes involved in GPVI signaling, were identified as miR-15a-5p targets and were inhibited or de-repressed in MKs with miR-15a-5p overexpression or inhibition, respectively. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-15a-5p also inhibited GPVI-FcRγ-mediated phosphorylation of Syk and PLCγ2, GPVI downstream signaling molecules, but effects of miR-15a-5p on αIIbβ3 activation did not extend to other ITAM-signaling receptors (FcγRIIa and CLEC-2). Conclusion Cord blood-derived MKs are a useful human system for studying the functional effects of candidate platelet genes. miR-15a-5p is a potential "master-miR" for specifically regulating GPVI-mediated MK-platelet signaling. Targeting miR-15a-5p may have therapeutic potential in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Basak
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - S. Bhatlekar
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - B.K. Manne
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - M. Stoller
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - S. Hugo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - X. Kong
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - L. Ma
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - M. T. Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - A. S. Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - L. C. Edelstein
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - P. F. Bray
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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17
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Rayes J, Watson SP, Nieswandt B. Functional significance of the platelet immune receptors GPVI and CLEC-2. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:12-23. [PMID: 30601137 DOI: 10.1172/jci122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are best known for their role in hemostasis, they are also crucial in development, host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. Many of these roles are regulated by the immune-like receptors glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). GPVI is activated by collagen in the subendothelial matrix, by fibrin and fibrinogen in the thrombus, and by a remarkable number of other ligands. CLEC-2 is activated by the transmembrane protein podoplanin, which is found outside of the vasculature and is upregulated in development, inflammation, and cancer, but there is also evidence for additional ligands. In this Review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of CLEC-2 and GPVI and their potential as targets in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory disorders (i.e., disorders in which inflammation plays a critical role in the ensuing thrombosis) relative to current antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Lehmann M, Schoeman RM, Krohl PJ, Wallbank AM, Samaniuk JR, Jandrot-Perrus M, Neeves KB. Platelets Drive Thrombus Propagation in a Hematocrit and Glycoprotein VI-Dependent Manner in an In Vitro Venous Thrombosis Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1052-1062. [PMID: 29472230 PMCID: PMC5920765 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to measure the role of platelets and red blood cells on thrombus propagation in an in vitro model of venous valvular stasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS A microfluidic model with dimensional similarity to human venous valves consists of a sinus distal to a sudden expansion, where for sufficiently high Reynolds numbers, 2 countercurrent vortices arise because of flow separation. The primary vortex is defined by the points of flow separation and reattachment. A secondary vortex forms in the deepest recess of the valve pocket characterized by low shear rates. An initial fibrin gel formed within the secondary vortex of a tissue factor-coated valve sinus. Platelets accumulated at the interface of the fibrin gel and the primary vortex. Red blood cells at physiological hematocrits were necessary to provide an adequate flux of platelets to support thrombus growth out of the valve sinus. A subpopulation of platelets that adhered to fibrin expose phosphatidylserine. Platelet-dependent thrombus growth was attenuated by inhibition of glycoprotein VI with a blocking Fab fragment or D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS A 3-step process regulated by hemodynamics was necessary for robust thrombus propagation: First, immobilized tissue factor initiates coagulation and fibrin deposition within a low flow niche defined by a secondary vortex in the pocket of a model venous valve. Second, a primary vortex delivers platelets to the fibrin interface in a red blood cell-dependent manner. Third, platelets adhere to fibrin, activate through glycoprotein VI, express phosphatidylserine, and subsequently promote thrombus growth beyond the valve sinus and into the bulk flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lehmann
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
| | - Rogier M Schoeman
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
| | - Patrick J Krohl
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
| | - Alison M Wallbank
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, UMR_S1148, INSERM, University Paris Diderot, France (M.J.-P.)
| | - Keith B Neeves
- From the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (M.L., R.M.S., P.J.K., A.M.W., J.R.S., K.B.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora (K.B.N.)
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19
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Boulaftali Y, Mawhin M, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. Glycoprotein VI in securing vascular integrity in inflamed vessels. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:228-239. [PMID: 30046725 PMCID: PMC5974920 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagen, has been shown to play a central role in various models of thrombosis, and to be a minor actor of hemostasis at sites of trauma. These observations have made of GPVI a novel target for antithrombotic therapy, as its inhibition would ideally combine efficacy with safety. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that GPVI could play an important role in preventing bleeding caused by neutrophils in the inflamed skin and lungs. Remarkably, there is evidence that the GPVI-dependent hemostatic function of platelets at the acute phase of inflammation in these organs does not involve aggregation. From a therapeutic perspective, the vasculoprotective action of GPVI in inflammation suggests that blocking of GPVI might bear some risks of bleeding at sites of neutrophil infiltration. In this review, we summarize recent findings on GPVI functions in inflammation and discuss their possible clinical implications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Anne Mawhin
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Jandrot‐Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Benoît Ho‐Tin‐Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
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20
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Mangin PH, Onselaer MB, Receveur N, Le Lay N, Hardy AT, Wilson C, Sanchez X, Loyau S, Dupuis A, Babar AK, Miller JL, Philippou H, Hughes CE, Herr AB, Ariëns RA, Mezzano D, Jandrot-Perrus M, Gachet C, Watson SP. Immobilized fibrinogen activates human platelets through glycoprotein VI. Haematologica 2018; 103:898-907. [PMID: 29472360 PMCID: PMC5927996 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI, a major platelet activation receptor for collagen and fibrin, is considered a particularly promising, safe antithrombotic target. In this study, we show that human glycoprotein VI signals upon platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. Full spreading of human platelets on fibrinogen was abolished in platelets from glycoprotein VI- deficient patients suggesting that fibrinogen activates platelets through glycoprotein VI. While mouse platelets failed to spread on fibrinogen, human-glycoprotein VI-transgenic mouse platelets showed full spreading and increased Ca2+ signaling through the tyrosine kinase Syk. Direct binding of fibrinogen to human glycoprotein VI was shown by surface plasmon resonance and by increased adhesion to fibrinogen of human glycoprotein VI-transfected RBL-2H3 cells relative to mock-transfected cells. Blockade of human glycoprotein VI with the Fab of the monoclonal antibody 9O12 impaired platelet aggregation on preformed platelet aggregates in flowing blood independent of collagen and fibrin exposure. These results demonstrate that human glycoprotein VI binds to immobilized fibrinogen and show that this contributes to platelet spreading and platelet aggregation under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Marie-Blanche Onselaer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Nicolas Le Lay
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Alexander T Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare Wilson
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ximena Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Amir K Babar
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette Lc Miller
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Helen Philippou
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Craig E Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, University of Reading, UK
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Acticor Biotech, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM, UMR-S 1148, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
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21
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Lebozec K, Jandrot-Perrus M, Avenard G, Favre-Bulle O, Billiald P. Design, development and characterization of ACT017, a humanized Fab that blocks platelet's glycoprotein VI function without causing bleeding risks. MAbs 2017; 9:945-958. [PMID: 28598281 PMCID: PMC5540112 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1336592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI is a platelet-specific collagen receptor critical for in vivo formation of arterial thrombosis. It is also considered as an attractive target for the development of anti-thrombotic drugs because blocking glycoprotein (GP)VI inhibits platelet aggregation without inducing detrimental effects on physiologic hemostasis. Here, we present data on the identification, in vitro and ex vivo pharmacology of a humanized Fab fragment designated as ACT017. ACT017 was selected out of 15 humanized variants based upon structural and functional properties. It was produced under GMP-like conditions followed by detailed physico-chemical analysis and functional characterization indicating high antigen-binding specificity and affinity. In addition, we demonstrate, in a dose-escalation study, that ACT017 has a high capacity to specifically inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo after injection to the macaque without inducing thrombocytopenia, GPVI depletion or bleeding side effects as is the case for conventional anti-platelets. Therefore, ACT017 is a promising therapeutic candidate for the development of a new generation of safe and efficient anti-thrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristell Lebozec
- a Acticor Biotech SAS, Hôpital Bichat - Inserm U1148 , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- a Acticor Biotech SAS, Hôpital Bichat - Inserm U1148 , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France.,b Inserm-University Paris Diderot UMR S1148, Hôpital Bichat , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France
| | - Gilles Avenard
- a Acticor Biotech SAS, Hôpital Bichat - Inserm U1148 , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France
| | - Olivier Favre-Bulle
- a Acticor Biotech SAS, Hôpital Bichat - Inserm U1148 , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France.,c 3Biotech , 4 place Louis Armand, F75012 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Billiald
- a Acticor Biotech SAS, Hôpital Bichat - Inserm U1148 , 46 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris , France.,d University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , School of Pharmacy, IPSIT , 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F92296 Châtenay-Malabry , France
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22
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Chatterjee M, Gawaz M. Clinical significance of receptor shedding-platelet GPVI as an emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Platelets 2016; 28:362-371. [PMID: 27753514 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1227062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platelet membrane bedecked with a wide array of receptors offers a platform to regulate platelet responsiveness, thrombotic propensity, inflammatory disposition, and immune reactivity under diverse pathophysiological conditions. Ectopic proteolytic cleavage of such receptors irreversibly inactivates receptor-mediated intracellular signaling governing cellular functions, further releases soluble fragments into circulation which might modulate functions of target cells. Glycoprotein VI-(GPVI) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes. Platelet GPVI surface expression is enhanced following acute ischemic events like myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, serves as an imminent diagnostic tool independent of markers of tissue necrosis, and is associated with poor prognosis. Platelets undergo GPVI shedding and thereby contribute to soluble plasma levels of sGPVI, with distinct diagnostic and prognostic attributes. This review summarizes the functional significance and mechanistic basis whereby GPVI surface availability is up- or downregulated on platelets and the impact of GPVI in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies in diseases where platelets play a regulatory role. Further, we also highlight how novel non-invasive platelet-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have evolved utilizing GPVI for lesion-directed antithrombotic therapy or to counteract atherosclerotic disposition to ameliorate care of patients particularly in the context of cardio-cerebro-vascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Chatterjee
- a Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- a Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany
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23
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Strassel C, Bull A, Moog S, Receveur N, Mallo L, Mangin P, Eckly A, Freund M, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Gachet C, Lanza F. Lentiviral gene rescue of a Bernard-Soulier mouse model to study platelet glycoprotein Ibβ function. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1470-9. [PMID: 27148783 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials A signaling role of glycoprotein (GP)Ibβ is postulated but not formally demonstrated in platelets. Lentiviral-mediated rescue in knock-out mice can be used to evaluate GPIbβ function in vivo. Transduction of the native subunit corrected the main defects associated with GPIb-IX deficiency Deletion of intracellular 159-170 segment increased thrombosis, 150-160 removal increased bleeding. SUMMARY Background The platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex is required for normal hemostasis and megakaryopoiesis. A role in GPIb-dependent responses has been ascribed to the less well characterized GPIbβ subunit using a specific antibody and GPIb-IX transfected cells. Objectives Our aim was to evaluate, in vivo, the role of the GPIbβ in hemostasis and thrombosis. Methods GPIbβ(null) Sca-1(+) progenitors transduced with viral particles harboring hGPIbβ were transplanted into lethally irradiated GPIbβ(-/-) recipient mice. Results hGPIbβ transplanted into the bone marrow of GPIbβ(null) mice rescued GPIb-IX expression in 97% of circulating platelets. These platelets efficiently bound von Willebrand factor (VWF) and extended filopodia on a VWF matrix, demonstrating the restoration of GPIb-dependent adhesive and signaling properties. These mice exhibited less severe macrothrombocytopenia and had normal tail bleeding times as compared with GPIbβ(null) mice. This strategy was employed to manipulate and evaluate the role of the GPIbβ intracellular domain. Removal of the membrane proximal segment (Δ(150-160) ) decreased GPIb-IX expression by 43%, confirming its involvement in receptor assembly and biosynthesis, and resulted in increased bleeding times and decreased thrombosis in a mechanical injury model in the aorta. On the other hand, deletion of the C-flanking 159-170 segment allowed normal GPIb-IX expression, VWF-dependent responses and bleeding times, but resulted in enhanced arterial thrombosis. Conclusion This pointed to a repressor role of GPIbβ in thrombus formation in vivo that was not predicted in studies of heterologous cells. These results highlight the utility of this lentiviral strategy for the structure-function evaluation of GPIb-IX in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Strassel
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Bull
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Moog
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Receveur
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Mallo
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Mangin
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Eckly
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Freund
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - C Gachet
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Lanza
- UMR_S949 INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Tang C, Wang Y, Lei D, Huang L, Wang G, Chi Q, Zheng Y, Gachet C, Mangin PH, Zhu L. Standardization of a well-controlled in vivo mouse model of thrombus formation induced by mechanical injury. Thromb Res 2016; 141:49-57. [PMID: 26967532 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular plug formation by mechanical injury that exposes abundant extracellular matrix is an ideal model to mimic thrombus formation. The objective of this study was to standardize our previously established in vivo mouse model of thrombus formation induced by mechanical injury. RESULTS The mechanical injury was exerted by pinching the abdominal aorta with hemostatic forceps for either 15 (moderate injury) or 60 (severe injury) seconds. Thrombus formation was monitored for 20min in real time using a fluorescent microscope coupled to a CCD camera. In the moderate injury, thrombus formation peaked at approximately 1min after injury and resolved within 3min, with the mean AUC (area under the curve) of 165.2±17.29mm(2), whereas a larger thrombus was observed upon the severe injury, with the mean AUC of 600.5±37.77mm(2). Using scanning electron microscopy and HE staining, a complete deformation of the endothelium in the moderate injury model and the exposure of the media in the severe injury model were observed. The model was also evaluate for its application on the effects of antithrombotic drugs targeting GP IIb-IIIa (eptifibatide), ADP receptor P2Y1 (MRS2500) and P2Y12 (clopidogrel), and thrombin (hirudin) on thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS We have improved a vascular injury model with optimal reproducibility and feasibility that allows evaluating the effect of anti-thrombotic drugs on thrombus formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Christian Gachet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S949, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération de médecine translationelle (FMTS) de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S949, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération de médecine translationelle (FMTS) de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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25
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Schaff M, Gachet C, Mangin PH. [Anti-platelets without a bleeding risk: novel targets and strategies]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 209:211-28. [PMID: 26820829 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-platelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and antagonists of integrin αIIbβ3 allowed to efficiently reduce morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. A major limit of these drugs is that they increase the risk of bleeding. During the last few years, several innovative anti-thrombotic strategies with a potentially low bleeding risk were proposed. These approaches target the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, the GPIb/von Willebrand factor axis, the thrombin receptor PAR-1, the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 or the ADP receptor P2Y1. While an antagonist of PAR-1 was recently marketed, the clinical proofs of the efficiency and safety of the other agents remain to be established. This review evaluates these new anti-platelet approaches toward safer anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schaff
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australie
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Henri Mangin
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Abstract
The current standard care for acute coronary syndromes is dual antiplatelet therapy combining the COX1 inhibitor aspirin with a drug targeting the P2Y12 receptor, together with anticoagulation during and after early revascularization by percutaneous intervention. In very high-risk patients, glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists may also be used. Secondary prevention of ischemic events requires dual antiplatelet therapy for several months followed by lifelong low-dose aspirin. The duration of treatment and the drugs to combine nevertheless remain matters of debate and the focus of ongoing research. Despite great progress, there is still room for improved efficacy and this could involve new targets for both antiplatelet drugs (like the thrombin receptor PAR1) and anticoagulants. However, improved efficacy is offset by an increased risk of bleeding. Stroke patients are still waiting for better treatment, their bleeding risk being particularly high. New targets including the collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and the GPIb-von Willebrand factor axis, governing platelet interaction with the diseased vessel wall, should enable us to complete the armamentarium of antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Platelet glycoprotein VI binds to polymerized fibrin and promotes thrombin generation. Blood 2015; 126:683-91. [PMID: 25977585 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-629717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin, the coagulation end product, consolidates the platelet plug at sites of vascular injury and supports the recruitment of circulating platelets. In addition to integrin αIIbβ3, another as-yet-unidentified receptor is thought to mediate platelet interaction with fibrin. Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) interacts with collagen and several other adhesive macromolecules. We evaluated the hypothesis that GPVI could be a functional platelet receptor for fibrin. Calibrated thrombin assays using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) showed that tissue factor-triggered thrombin generation was impaired in GPVI-deficient patients and reduced by the anti-GPVI Fab 9O12. Assays on reconstituted PRP and PRP from fibrinogen-deficient patients revealed a fibrinogen-dependent enhancement of thrombin generation, which relied on functional GPVI. The effect of GPVI was found to depend on fibrin polymerization. A binding assay showed a specific interaction between GPVI-Fc and fibrin, inhibited by the Fab 9O12. This Fab also reduced platelet adhesion to fibrin at low (300 s(-1)) and high (1500 s(-1)) wall shear rates. Platelets adherent to fibrin displayed shape change, exposure of procoagulant phospholipids, and the formation of small clots. When hirudinated blood was perfused at 1500 s(-1) over preformed fibrin-rich clots, the Fab 9O12 decreased the recruitment of platelets by up to 85%. This study identifies GPVI as a platelet receptor for polymerized fibrin with 2 major functions: (1) amplification of thrombin generation and (2) recruitment of circulating platelets to clots. These so-far-unrecognized properties of GPVI confer on it a key role in thrombus growth and stabilization.
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28
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Flierl U, Nero TL, Lim B, Arthur JF, Yao Y, Jung SM, Gitz E, Pollitt AY, Zaldivia MTK, Jandrot-Perrus M, Schäfer A, Nieswandt B, Andrews RK, Parker MW, Gardiner EE, Peter K. Phosphorothioate backbone modifications of nucleotide-based drugs are potent platelet activators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:129-37. [PMID: 25646267 PMCID: PMC4322051 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Flierl et al. show that phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides activate platelets via interacting with the collagen receptor GPVI. As PS backbone modification is currently used for nucleotide-based drug candidates, the findings suggest that this widely used method may present a risk to patients in the form of arterial thrombosis. Nucleotide-based drug candidates such as antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, immunoreceptor-activating nucleotides, or (anti)microRNAs hold great therapeutic promise for many human diseases. Phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modification of nucleotide-based drugs is common practice to protect these promising drug candidates from rapid degradation by plasma and intracellular nucleases. Effects of the changes in physicochemical properties associated with PS modification on platelets have not been elucidated so far. Here we report the unexpected binding of PS-modified oligonucleotides to platelets eliciting strong platelet activation, signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, adhesion, spreading, aggregation, and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the platelet-specific receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) mediates these platelet-activating effects. Notably, platelets from GPVI function–deficient patients do not exhibit binding of PS-modified oligonucleotides, and platelet activation is fully abolished. Our data demonstrate a novel, unexpected, PS backbone–dependent, platelet-activating effect of nucleotide-based drug candidates mediated by GPVI. This unforeseen effect should be considered in the ongoing development programs for the broad range of upcoming and promising DNA/RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Flierl
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tracy L Nero
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bock Lim
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jane F Arthur
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Yu Yao
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England, UK
| | - Eelo Gitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK
| | - Alice Y Pollitt
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK
| | - Maria T K Zaldivia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Centre for Experimental Biomedicine, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lee DS, Kim TH, Jung YS. Inhibitory effect of allyl isothiocyanate on platelet aggregation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7131-7139. [PMID: 24980285 DOI: 10.1021/jf4041518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is one of the major components of mustard. The present study for the first time attempted to evaluate the effect of AITC on platelet aggregation. In the in vitro study using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from rats and humans, AITC at concentrations of 100 and 300 μM significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, ADP, and arachidonic acid. AITC also attenuated thromboxane A2 production and ATP release in rat and human PRP. AITC elicited inhibitory effects on cellular Ca(2+) increase and platelet shape change in rat PRP. AITC further showed inhibitory effects on the phosphorylation of PKCδ, p38, ERK, and Akt in rat PRP. In the rat ex vivo study, 1 and 3 mg/kg (po) of AITC showed significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Furthermore, AITC showed a protective effect in thromboembolism attack model in mouse. These results suggest that AITC has remarkable antiplatelet effects and maybe a therapeutic potential for the prevention of aberrant platelet activation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Seop Lee
- College of Pharmacy and ‡College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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30
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Stegner D, Haining EJ, Nieswandt B. Targeting glycoprotein VI and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1615-20. [PMID: 24925975 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery thrombosis and ischemic stroke are often initiated by the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque and consequent intravascular platelet activation. Thus, antiplatelet drugs are central in the treatment and prevention of the initial, and subsequent, vascular events. However, novel pharmacological targets for platelet inhibition remain an important goal of cardiovascular research because of the negative effect of existing antiplatelet drugs on primary hemostasis. One promising target is the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI. Blockade or antibody-mediated depletion of this receptor in circulating platelets is beneficial in experimental models of thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases, such as stroke, without impairing hemostasis. In this review, we summarize the importance of glycoprotein VI and (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in hemostasis, thrombosis, and thrombo-inflammatory processes and discuss the targeting strategies currently under development for inhibiting glycoprotein VI and its signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stegner
- From the Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Haining
- From the Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- From the Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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31
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Jiang P, Jandrot-Perrus M. New advances in treating thrombotic diseases: GPVI as a platelet drug target. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1471-5. [PMID: 24931218 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent introduction of highly effective antiplatelet drugs has contributed to the significant improvement in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. However, limitations remain. Recurrence of ischaemic vascular events results in poor prognosis. Drugs of high antithrombotic efficacy are associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which is important in patients at risk of stroke. An attractive target for the development of new antithrombotics is platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) because its blockade seems to combine ideally efficiency and safety. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the physiological role of GPVI in haemostasis and thrombosis. We also discuss evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of strategies to inhibit GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- INSERM, UMR_S1148 LVTS, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France; University Paris Diderot - Paris 7, UMR_S1148, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- INSERM, UMR_S1148 LVTS, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France; University Paris Diderot - Paris 7, UMR_S1148, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France.
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32
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Abstract
While platelet activation is essential to maintain blood vessel patency and minimize loss of blood upon injury, untimely or excessive activity can lead to unwanted platelet activation and aggregation. Resultant thrombosis has the potential to block blood vessels, causing myocardial infarction or stroke. To tackle this major cause of mortality, clinical therapies that target platelet responsiveness (antiplatelet therapy) can successfully reduce cardiovascular events, especially in people at higher risk; however, all current antiplatelet therapies carry an increased probability of bleeding. This review will evaluate new and emerging targets for antithrombotics, focusing particularly on platelet glycoprotein VI, as blockade or depletion of this platelet-specific receptor conveys benefits in experimental models of thrombosis and thromboinflammation without causing major bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane F Arthur
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Gawaz M, Vogel S, Pfannenberg C, Pichler B, Langer H, Bigalke B. Implications of glycoprotein VI for theranostics. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:26-31. [PMID: 24553806 DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a membrane glycoprotein solely expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes, plays a critical role in thrombus formation due to collagen/GPVI-mediated platelet activation and adhesion. Recent studies have shown that surface expression of GPVI on circulating platelets is enhanced in acute cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Increased GPVI levels are associated with poor clinical outcome and are an early indicator for imminent myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain. The soluble form of the dimeric GPVI fusion protein (sGPVI-Fc) binds with high affinity to collagen and atherosclerotic plaque tissue. Non-invasive imaging studies with radiolabelled sGPVI-Fc show specific binding activity to vascular lesions in vivo. Further, sGPVI-Fc has been developed as a new therapeutic platelet-based strategy for lesion-directed antithrombotic therapy. This review summarises the potential of GPVI for diagnostic and therapeutic options based on novel non-invasive molecular imaging modalities to ameliorate care of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gawaz
- Meinrad Gawaz, MD, Department of Cardiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 29 83688, Fax: +49 7071 29 5749, E-mail:
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34
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Vara D, Campanella M, Pula G. The novel NOX inhibitor 2-acetylphenothiazine impairs collagen-dependent thrombus formation in a GPVI-dependent manner. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:212-24. [PMID: 22881838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NADPH oxidases (NOXs) contribute to platelet activation by a largely unknown mechanism. Here, we studied the effect of the novel NOX inhibitor 2-acetylphenothiazine (2-APT) on human platelet functional responses and intracellular signaling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The generation of superoxide ions was assessed by single cell imaging on adhering platelets using dihydroethidium (DHE), while other reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected with 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H(2)-DCFDA). Whole blood thrombus formation, washed platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 inside-out signalling, Syk phosphorylation and PKC activation were analysed to understand the functional consequences of NOX inhibition by 2-APT in platelets. KEY RESULTS Superoxide ion generation stimulated by platelet adhesion on collagen and fibrinogen was significantly inhibited by 2-APT in concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) = 306 nM and 227 nM, respectively), whereas cumulative ROS accumulation was not affected by this pharmacological agent. 2-APT also abolished collagen-dependent whole blood thrombus formation and washed platelet aggregation in response to collagen but not thrombin. The activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and PKC in response to the GPVI-specific agonist collagen-related peptide (CRP) was significantly reduced, whereas the same responses to thrombin were not significantly affected by 2-APT. Finally, Syk activation in response to collagen but not thrombin was inhibited by 2-APT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results suggest that 2-APT attenuates GPVI-specific signalling and is a novel inhibitor of collagen-induced platelet responses. Therefore, NOXs could represent a novel target for the discovery of anti-thrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath Spa, UK
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35
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Schaff M, Tang C, Maurer E, Bourdon C, Receveur N, Eckly A, Hechler B, Arnold C, de Arcangelis A, Nieswandt B, Denis CV, Lefebvre O, Georges-Labouesse E, Gachet C, Lanza F, Mangin PH. Integrin α6β1 is the main receptor for vascular laminins and plays a role in platelet adhesion, activation, and arterial thrombosis. Circulation 2013; 128:541-52. [PMID: 23797810 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminins are major components of basement membranes, well located to interact with platelets upon vascular injury. Laminin-111 (α1β1γ1) is known to support platelet adhesion but is absent from most blood vessels, which contain isoforms with the α2, α4, or α5 chain. Whether vascular laminins support platelet adhesion and activation and the significance of these interactions in hemostasis and thrombosis remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an in vitro flow assay, we show that laminin-411 (α4β1γ1), laminin-511 (α5β1γ1), and laminin-521 (α5β2γ1), but not laminin-211 (α2β1γ1), allow efficient platelet adhesion and activation across a wide range of arterial wall shear rates. Adhesion was critically dependent on integrin α6β1 and the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex, which binds to plasmatic von Willebrand factor adsorbed on laminins. Glycoprotein VI did not participate in the adhesive process but mediated platelet activation induced by α5-containing laminins. To address the significance of platelet/laminin interactions in vivo, we developed a platelet-specific knockout of integrin α6. Platelets from these mice failed to adhere to laminin-411, laminin-511, and laminin-521 but responded normally to a series of agonists. α6β1-Deficient mice presented a marked decrease in arterial thrombosis in 3 models of injury of the carotid, aorta, and mesenteric arterioles. The tail bleeding time and blood loss remained unaltered, indicating normal hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an unsuspected important contribution of laminins to thrombus formation in vivo and suggests that targeting their main receptor, integrin α6β1, could represent an alternative antithrombotic strategy with a potentially low bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schaff
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S949, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
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36
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Ungerer M, Münch G. Novel antiplatelet drugs in clinical development. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:868-75. [PMID: 24108565 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The clinical value of antiplatelet compounds strongly depends on the benefit-risk balance between their anti-thrombotic effects and the bleeding risk they incur. This ratio is especially important in the treatment of cerebro-vascular disease. Several novel compounds in clinical development hold promise to improve this benefit-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ungerer
- M. Ungerer, Advancecor GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 17, 82152 Martinsried, Germany, E-mail:
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37
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Maurer E, Tang C, Schaff M, Bourdon C, Receveur N, Ravanat C, Eckly A, Hechler B, Gachet C, Lanza F, Mangin PH. Targeting platelet GPIbβ reduces platelet adhesion, GPIb signaling and thrombin generation and prevents arterial thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1221-9. [PMID: 23559635 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-V-IX complex regulates the adhesion, activation, and procoagulant activity of platelets. We previously reported that RAM.1, a rat monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of mouse GPIbβ, diminished adhesion of platelets and chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the human GPIb-IX complex to von Willebrand factor under flow conditions. Here, we further evaluated the functional importance of GPIbβ by studying the impact of RAM.1 on GPIb-mediated platelet responses and in vitro and in vivo thrombus formation. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that RAM.1 dramatically reduced GPIb-mediated filopodia extension of chinese hamster ovary GPIb-IX cells after adhesion to von Willebrand factor. RAM.1 also reduced filopodia extension and GPIb-mediated Ca(2+) signaling after adhesion of mouse platelets to von Willebrand factor. RAM.1 inhibited thrombin generation in platelet-rich plasma without impairing phosphatidylserine exposure. In addition, RAM.1 reduced thrombus formation after perfusion of mouse whole blood over collagen in a shear-dependent manner. This effect was confirmed in vivo, because injection of F(ab)'2 fragments of RAM.1 diminished thrombus formation induced by laser beam injury of mesenteric arterioles and forceps injury of the abdominal aorta. In contrast, RAM.1 F(ab)'2 did not prolong the tail-bleeding time or increase the volume of blood lost. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first evidence that targeting a subunit other than GPIbα can lead to an antithrombotic effect via the GPIb-V-IX complex. This could represent an alternative way to reduce thrombus formation with a minor impact on hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maurer
- Inserm UMR-S949, Université Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France
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38
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Zahid M, Mangin P, Loyau S, Hechler B, Billiald P, Gachet C, Jandrot-Perrus M. The future of glycoprotein VI as an antithrombotic target. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2418-27. [PMID: 23020554 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of acute coronary syndromes has been considerably improved in recent years with the introduction of highly efficient antiplatelet drugs. However, there are still significant limitations: the recurrence of adverse vascular events remains a problem, and the improvement in efficacy is counterbalanced by an increased risk of bleeding, which is of particular importance in patients at risk of stroke. One of the most attractive targets for the development of new molecules with potential antithrombotic activity is platelet glycoprotein (GP)VI, because its blockade appears to ideally combine efficacy and safety. This review summarizes current knowledge on GPVI regarding its structure, its function, and its role in physiologic hemostasis and thrombosis. Strategies for inhibiting GPVI are presented, and evidence of the antithrombotic efficacy and safety of GPVI antagonists is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zahid
- Inserm, UMRS_698, Paris, France
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39
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Dütting S, Bender M, Nieswandt B. Platelet GPVI: a target for antithrombotic therapy?! Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:583-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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