1
|
Zhao T, Shen H, Zhang HL, Feng J, Liu SM, Wang TT, Li HJ, Yu LH. Association of CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and ABCC2 polymorphisms and voriconazole plasma concentrations in Uygur pediatric patients. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:141-151. [PMID: 36718992 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the association between CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and ABCC2 polymorphisms and voriconazole plasma concentrations in Uygur pediatric patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Materials & methods: High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to monitor voriconazole concentrations. First-generation sequencing was performed to detect gene polymorphisms. Results: Voriconazole concentrations of normal metabolizers were significantly higher than those of intermediate (p < 0.05) and ultrafast (p < 0.001) metabolizers. Patients with ABCC2 GG and GA genotypes exhibited significantly lower voriconazole concentrations compared with patients with the AA genotype (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrate a significant association between voriconazole concentrations and the CYP2C19 phenotype in Uygur pediatric patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Hui-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Si-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Hong-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| | - Lu-Hai Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petrov PD, Soluyanova P, Sánchez-Campos S, Castell JV, Jover R. Molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxic cholestasis by clavulanic acid: Role of NRF2 and FXR pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112664. [PMID: 34767876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of β-lactamase positive bacterial infections with a combination of amoxicillin (AMOX) and clavulanic acid (CLAV) causes idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) in a relevant number of patients, often with features of intrahepatic cholestasis. This study aims to determine serum bile acid (BA) levels in amoxicillin/clavulanate (A+C)-iDILI patients and to investigate the mechanism of cholestasis by A+C in human in vitro hepatic models. In six A+C-iDILI patients, significant elevations of serum primary conjugated BA definitely demonstrated A+C-induced cholestasis. In cultured human Upcyte hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, CLAV was more cytotoxic than AMOX, and, at subcytotoxic concentrations, it altered the expression of more than 1,300 genes. CLAV, but not AMOX, downregulated the expression of key genes for BA transport (BSEP, NTCP, OSTα and MDR2) and synthesis (CYP7A1 and CYP8B1). CLAV also caused early oxidative stress, with reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, along with induction of antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) target genes. Activation of NRF2 by sulforaphane also resulted in downregulation of NTCP, OSTα, ABCG5, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1. CLAV also inhibited the BA-sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), in agreement with the downregulation of FXR targets BSEP, OSTα and ABCG5. We conclude that CLAV, the culprit molecule in A+C, downregulates several key biliary transporters by modulating NRF2 and FXR signaling, thus likely promoting intrahepatic cholestasis. On top of that, increased ROS production and GSH depletion may aggravate the cholestatic injury by A+C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar D Petrov
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Dep. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Dep. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren T, Pang L, Dai W, Wu S, Kong J. Regulatory mechanisms of the bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) and its role in related diseases. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101641. [PMID: 33581308 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is located on the apical membrane and mediates the secretion of bile salts from hepatocytes into the bile. BSEP-mediated bile salt efflux is the rate-limiting step of bile salt secretion and the main driving force of bile flow. BSEP drives and maintains the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. In recent years, research efforts have been focused on understanding the physiological and pathological functions and regulatory mechanisms of BSEP. These studies elucidated the roles of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), liver receptor homolog-1(LRH-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in BSEP expression and discovered some regulatory factors which participate in its post-transcriptional regulation. A series of liver diseases have also been shown to be related to BSEP expression and dysfunction, such as cholestasis, drug-induced liver injury, and gallstones. Here, we systematically review and summarize recent literature on BSEP structure, physiological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengqi Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leuenberger M, Häusler S, Höhn V, Euler A, Stieger B, Lochner M. Characterization of Novel Fluorescent Bile Salt Derivatives for Studying Human Bile Salt and Organic Anion Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:346-357. [PMID: 33782042 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salts, such as cholate, glycocholate, taurocholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate, are taken up from the portal blood into hepatocytes via transporters, such as the Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). These bile salts are later secreted into bile across the canalicular membrane, which is facilitated by the bile salt export pump (BSEP). Apart from bile salt transport, some of these proteins (e.g., OATPs) are also key transporters for drug uptake into hepatocytes. In vivo studies of transporter function in patients by using tracer compounds have emerged as an important diagnostic tool to complement classic liver parameter measurements by determining dynamic liver function both for diagnosis and monitoring progression or improvement of liver diseases. Such approaches include use of radioactively labeled bile salts (e.g., for positron emission tomography) and fluorescent bile salt derivatives or dyes (e.g., indocyanine green). To expand the list of liver function markers, we synthesized fluorescent derivatives of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid by conjugating small organic dyes to the bile acid side chain. These novel fluorescent probes were able to block substrate transport in a concentration-dependent manner of NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, BSEP, and intestinal apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT). Whereas the fluorescent bile acid derivatives themselves were transported across the membrane by OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1, they were not transport substrates for NTCP, ASBT, BSEP, and multidrug resistance-related protein 2. Accordingly, these novel fluorescent bile acid probes can potentially be used as imaging agents to monitor the function of OATPs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Synthetic modification of common bile acids by attachment of small organic fluorescent dyes to the bile acid side chain resulted in bright, fluorescent probes that interact with hepatic and intestinal organic anion [organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1], bile salt uptake (Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter), and bile salt efflux (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-related protein 2) transporters. Although the fluorescent bile salt derivatives are taken up into cells via the OATPs, the efflux transporters do not transport any of them but one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Leuenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Stephanie Häusler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Vera Höhn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Adriana Euler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gertzen CGW, Gohlke H, Häussinger D, Herebian D, Keitel V, Kubitz R, Mayatepek E, Schmitt L. The many facets of bile acids in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human liver. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1047-1062. [PMID: 34049433 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids perform vital functions in the human liver and are the essential component of bile. It is therefore not surprising that the biology of bile acids is extremely complex, regulated on different levels, and involves soluble and membrane receptors as well as transporters. Hereditary disorders of these proteins manifest in different pathophysiological processes that result in liver diseases of varying severity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of bile acids with an emphasis on recently established analytical approaches as well as the molecular mechanisms that underlie signaling and transport of bile acids. In this review, we will focus on ABC transporters of the canalicular membrane and their associated diseases. As the G protein-coupled receptor, TGR5, receives increasing attention, we have included aspects of this receptor and its interaction with bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Structural Studies (CSS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Kubitz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marrone J, Danielli M, Gaspari CI, Capiglioni AM, Marinelli RA. Aquaporin gene transfer for hepatocellular cholestasis. Biochimie 2021; 188:12-15. [PMID: 33811938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bile secretion by hepatocytes is an osmotic process. The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. The down-regulated canalicular expression of these key solute transporters and AQP8 would be a primary event in the establishment of hepatocellular cholestasis. Recent studies in animal models of hepatocellular cholestasis show that the hepatic delivery of AdhAQP1, an adenovector encoding for the archetypical water channel human aquaporin-1 (hAQP1), improves bile secretion and restores to normal the elevated serum bile salt levels. AdhAQP1-transduced hepatocytes show that the canalicularly-expressed hAQP1 not only enhances osmotic membrane water permeability but also induces the transport activities of BSEP/ABCB11 and MRP2/ABCC2 by redistribution in canalicular cholesterol-rich microdomains likely through interactions with the cholesterol-binding protein caveolin-1. Thus, the hepatic gene transfer of hAQP1 improves the bile secretory failure in hepatocellular cholestasis by increasing both biliary output and choleretic efficiency of key osmotic solutes, such as, bile salts and glutathione. The study of hepatocyte aquaporins has provided new insights into the mechanisms of bile formation and cholestasis, and may lead to innovative treatments for cholestatic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Marrone
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mauro Danielli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - César I Gaspari
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejo M Capiglioni
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular Regulation of Canalicular ABC Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042113. [PMID: 33672718 PMCID: PMC7924332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes mediate the secretion of several compounds into the bile canaliculi and therefore play a key role in bile secretion. Among these transporters, ABCB11 secretes bile acids, ABCB4 translocates phosphatidylcholine and ABCG5/G8 is responsible for cholesterol secretion, while ABCB1 and ABCC2 transport a variety of drugs and other compounds. The dysfunction of these transporters leads to severe, rare, evolutionary biliary diseases. The development of new therapies for patients with these diseases requires a deep understanding of the biology of these transporters. In this review, we report the current knowledge regarding the regulation of canalicular ABC transporters' folding, trafficking, membrane stability and function, and we highlight the role of molecular partners in these regulating mechanisms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Stieger B, Steiger J, Locher KP. Membrane lipids and transporter function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166079. [PMID: 33476785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transport proteins are essential for cells in allowing the exchange of substances between cells and their environment across the lipid bilayer forming a tight barrier. Membrane lipids modulate the function of transmembrane proteins such as transporters in two ways: Lipids are tightly and specifically bound to transport proteins and in addition they modulate from the bulk of the lipid bilayer the function of transport proteins. This overview summarizes currently available information at the ultrastructural level on lipids tightly bound to transport proteins and the impact of altered bulk membrane lipid composition. Human diseases leading to altered lipid homeostasis will lead to altered membrane lipid composition, which in turn affect the function of transporter proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Steiger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bile formation in long-term ex situ perfused livers. Surgery 2021; 169:894-902. [PMID: 33422346 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term ex situ liver perfusion may rescue injured grafts. Little is known about bile flow during long-term perfusion. We report the development of a bile stimulation protocol and motivate bile flow as a viability marker during long-term ex situ liver perfusion. METHODS Porcine and human livers were perfused with blood at close to physiologic conditions. Our perfusion protocol was established during phase 1 with porcine livers (n = 23). Taurocholic acid was applied to stimulate bile flow. The addition of piperacillin-tazobactam (tazobac) and methylprednisolone was modified from daily bolus to controlled continuous application. We adapted the protocol to human livers (n = 12) during phase 2. Taurocholic acid was replaced with medical grade ursodeoxycholic acid. RESULTS Phase 2: Despite administering taurocholic acid, bile flow declined from 29.3 ± 6.5 to 9.3 ± 1.4 mL/h (P < .001). Shortly after bolus of tazobac/methylprednisolone, bile flow recovered to 39.0 ± 9.7 mL/h with a decrease of solid bile components. This implied bile salt independent bile flow stimulation by tazobac/methylprednisolone. Phase 2: Ursodeoxycholic acid was shown to stimulate bile flow ex situ in human livers. Eight livers were perfused successfully for 1 week with continuous bile flow. The other 4 livers demonstrated progressive cell death, of which only 1 exhibited bile flow. CONCLUSION A lack of bile flow stimulation leads to a decline in bile flow and is not necessarily a sign of deterioration in liver function. Proper administration of stimulators can induce constant bile flow during ex situ liver perfusion for up to 1 week. Medical grade ursodeoxycholic acid is a suitable replacement for nonmedical grade taurocholic acid. The presence of bile flow alone is not sufficient to assess liver viability.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kroll T, Prescher M, Smits SHJ, Schmitt L. Structure and Function of Hepatobiliary ATP Binding Cassette Transporters. Chem Rev 2020; 121:5240-5288. [PMID: 33201677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is beyond any doubt the most important metabolic organ of the human body. This function requires an intensive crosstalk within liver cellular structures, but also with other organs. Membrane transport proteins are therefore of upmost importance as they represent the sensors and mediators that shuttle signals from outside to the inside of liver cells and/or vice versa. In this review, we summarize the known literature of liver transport proteins with a clear emphasis on functional and structural information on ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are expressed in the human liver. These primary active membrane transporters form one of the largest families of membrane proteins. In the liver, they play an essential role in for example bile formation or xenobiotic export. Our review provides a state of the art and comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of hepatobiliary ABC transporters. Clearly, our knowledge has improved with a breath-taking speed over the last few years and will expand further. Thus, this review will provide the status quo and will lay the foundation for new and exciting avenues in liver membrane transporter research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kroll
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Prescher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Appelman MD, Robin MJ, Vogels EW, Wolzak C, Vos WG, Vos HR, Van Es RM, Burgering BM, Van de Graaf SF. The Lipid Raft Component Stomatin Interacts with the Na + Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Modulates Bile Salt Uptake. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040986. [PMID: 32316189 PMCID: PMC7226988 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, where it mediates the uptake of conjugated bile acids and forms the hepatocyte entry receptor for the hepatitis B and D virus. Here, we aimed to identify novel protein–protein interactions that could play a role in the regulation of NTCP. To this end, NTCP was precipitated from HA-tagged hNTCP-expressing HepG2 cells, and chloride channel CLIC-like 1 (CLCC1) and stomatin were identified as interacting proteins by mass spectrometry. Interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. NTCP, CLCC1 and stomatin were found at the plasma membrane in lipid rafts, as demonstrated by a combination of immunofluorescence, cell surface biotinylation and isolation of detergent-resistant membranes. Neither CLCC1 overexpression nor its knockdown had an effect on NTCP function. However, both stomatin overexpression and knockdown increased NTCP-mediated taurocholate uptake while NTCP abundance at the plasma membrane was only increased in stomatin depleted cells. These findings identify stomatin as an interactor of NTCP and show that the interaction modulates bile salt transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique D. Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J.D. Robin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther W.M. Vogels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christie Wolzak
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winnie G. Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. Van Es
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M.T. Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. Van de Graaf
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hörmann S, Gai Z, Kullak-Ublick GA, Visentin M. Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Regulates the Allosteric Binding of 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium to Organic Cation Transporter 2 (SLC22A2). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:46-53. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
Zeng G, Shi L, Li H, Wang L, Zhu M, Luo J, Zhang Z. Effect of cyclosporine a and polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and ABCC2 on the concentration of voriconazole in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:614-619. [PMID: 31573401 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1672907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zanling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anticholestatic mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced cholestasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Improved hepatic MRP2/ABCC2 transport activity in LPS-induced cholestasis by aquaporin-1 gene transfer. Biochimie 2019; 165:179-182. [PMID: 31377196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), a hepatocyte canalicular transporter involved in bile secretion, is downregulated in cholestasis triggered by lipopolysaccharide. The human aquaporin-1 (hAQP1) adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to liver improves cholestasis by incompletely defined mechanisms. Here we found that hAQP1 did not affect MRP2/ABCC2 expression, but significantly increased its transport activity assessed in situ with endogenous and exogenous substrates, likely by a hAQP1-induced increase in canalicular membrane cholesterol amount. Our results suggest that hAQP1-induced MRP2/ABCC2 activation contributes to the cholestasis improvement.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur G, Fahrner R, Wittmann V, Stieger B, Dietrich DR. Human MRP2 exports MC-LR but not the glutathione conjugate. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108761. [PMID: 31348918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination by cyanobacterial blooms is a worldwide health hazard to humans as well as livestock. Exposure to Microcystins (MCs), toxins produced by various cyanobacterial or blue green algae found in poorly treated drinking water or contaminated seafood such as fish or prawns are associated with hepatotoxicity, nephropathy and neurotoxicity and in extreme cases, death in humans. MC congeners, currently >240 known, differ dramatically in their uptake kinetics, i.e. their uptake via OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, in OATP overexpressing human HEK293 cells and primary human hepatocytes. It is thus likely that MC congeners will also differ with respect to the cellular efflux of the parent and conjugated congeners, e.g. via MRPs, MDRs, BCRP or BSEP. Consequently, the role and kinetics of different human efflux transporters - MRP, MDR, BCRP and BSEP in MC efflux was studied using insect membrane vesicles overexpressing the human transporters of interest. Of the efflux transporters investigated, MRP2 displayed MC transport. Michaelis-Menten kinetics displayed mild co-operativity and thus allosteric behavior of MRP2. MC transport by MRP2 was MC congener-specific, whereby MC-LF was transported more rapidly than MC-LR and -RR. Other human transporters (BCRP, BSEP, MRP1,3,5, MDR1) tested in this study did not exhibit interaction with MC. Although MRP2 showed specific MC transport, the MC-LR-GSH conjugate, was not transported suggesting the involvement of other transporters than MRP2 for the conjugate efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot Kaur
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, India.
| | - Raphael Fahrner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Reto Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sjöstedt N, Salminen TA, Kidron H. Endogenous, cholesterol-activated ATP-dependent transport in membrane vesicles from Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104963. [PMID: 31226387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transport proteins of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family are found in all kingdoms of life. In humans, several ABC efflux transporters play a role in drug disposition and excretion. Therefore, in vitro methods have been developed to characterize the substrate and inhibitor properties of drugs with respect to these transporters. In the vesicular transport assay, transport is studied using inverted membrane vesicles produced from transporter overexpressing cell lines of both mammalian and insect origin. Insect cell expression systems benefit from a higher expression compared to background, but are not as well characterized as their mammalian counterparts regarding endogenous transport. Therefore, the contribution of this transport in the assay might be underappreciated. In this study, endogenous transport in membrane vesicles from Spodoptera frugiperda -derived Sf9 cells was characterized using four typical substrates of human ABC transporters: 5(6)-carboxy-2,'7'-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF), estradiol-17β-glucuronide, estrone sulfate and N-methyl-quinidine. Significant ATP-dependent transport was observed for three of the substrates with cholesterol-loading of the vesicles, which is sometimes used to improve the activity of human transporters expressed in Sf9 cells. The highest effect of cholesterol was on CDCF transport, and this transport in the cholesterol-loaded Sf9 vesicles was time and concentration dependent with a Km of 8.06 ± 1.11 μM. The observed CDCF transport was inhibited by known inhibitors of human ABCC transporters, but not by ABCB1 and ABCG2 inhibitors verapamil and Ko143, respectively. Two candidate genes for ABCC-type transporters in the S. frugiperda genome (SfABCC2 and SfABCC3) were identified based on sequence analysis as a hypothesis to explain the observed endogenous ABCC-type transport in Sf9 vesicles. Although further studies are needed to verify the role of SfABCC2 and SfABCC3 in Sf9 vesicles, the findings of this study highlight the need to carefully characterize background transport in Sf9 derived membrane vesicles to avoid false positive substrate findings for human ABC transporters studied with this overexpression system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Sjöstedt
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roma MG, Barosso IR, Miszczuk GS, Crocenzi FA, Pozzi EJS. Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1113-1154. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Roma
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R. Barosso
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S. Miszczuk
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petrov PD, Fernández-Murga ML, López-Riera M, Goméz-Lechón MJ, Castell JV, Jover R. Predicting drug-induced cholestasis: preclinical models. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:721-738. [PMID: 29888962 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1487399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In almost 50% of patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), the bile flow from the liver to the duodenum is impaired, a condition known as cholestasis. However, this toxic response only appears in a small percentage of the treated patients (idiosyncrasy). Prediction of drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) is challenging and emerges as a safety issue that requires attention by professionals in clinical practice, regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions. Area covered: The current synopsis focuses on the state-of-the-art in preclinical models for cholestatic DILI prediction. These models differ in their goal, complexity, availability, and applicability, and can widely be classified in experimental animals and in vitro models. Expert opinion: Drugs are a growing cause of cholestasis, but the progress made in explaining mechanisms and differences in susceptibility is not growing at the same rate. We need reliable models able to recapitulate the features of DIC, particularly its idiosyncrasy. The homogeneity and the species-specific differences move animal models away from a fair predictability. However, in vitro human models are improving and getting closer to the real hepatocyte phenotype, and they will likely be the choice in the near future. Progress in this area will not only need reliable predictive models but also mechanistic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar D Petrov
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain
| | - M Leonor Fernández-Murga
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain
| | - Mireia López-Riera
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain
| | - M José Goméz-Lechón
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose V Castell
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain.,c Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Valencia , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain.,c Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Visentin M, Torozi A, Gai Z, Häusler S, Li C, Hiller C, Schraml PH, Moch H, Kullak-Ublick GA. Fluorocholine Transport Mediated by the Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2): Implication for Imaging of Kidney Tumors. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
21
|
Holmstock N, Oorts M, Snoeys J, Annaert P. MRP2 Inhibition by HIV Protease Inhibitors in Rat and Human Hepatocytes: A Quantitative Confocal Microscopy Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
22
|
Qi X, Wagenaar E, Xu W, Huang K, Schinkel AH. Ochratoxin A transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), and organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1A2, 1B1 and 2B1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:18-25. [PMID: 28532671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal secondary metabolite that can contaminate various foods. OTA has several toxic effects like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in different animal species, but its mechanisms of toxicity are still unclear. How OTA accumulates in kidney, liver, and brain is as yet unknown, but transmembrane transport proteins are likely involved. We studied transport of OTA in vitro, using polarized MDCKII cells transduced with cDNAs of the efflux transporters mouse (m)Bcrp, human (h)BCRP, mMrp2, or hMRP2, and HEK293 cells overexpressing cDNAs of the human uptake transporters OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OATP2B1 at pH7.4 and 6.4. MDCKII-mBcrp cells were more resistant to OTA toxicity than MDCKII parental and hBCRP-transduced cells. Transepithelial transport experiments showed some apically directed transport by MDCKII-mBcrp cells at pH7.4, whereas both mBcrp and hBCRP clearly transported OTA at pH6.4. There was modest transport of OTA by mMrp2 and hMRP2 only at pH6.4. OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 mediated uptake of OTA both at pH7.4 and 6.4, but OATP1B1 only at pH7.4. There was no detectable transport of OTA by OATP1B3. Our data indicate that human BCRP and MRP2 can mediate elimination of OTA from cells, thus reducing OTA toxicity. On the other hand, human OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1 can mediate cellular uptake of OTA, which could aggravate OTA toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Els Wagenaar
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Model Systems for Studying the Role of Canalicular Efflux Transporters in Drug-Induced Cholestatic Liver Disease. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2295-2301. [PMID: 28385542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile formation is a key function of the liver. Disturbance of bile flow may lead to liver disease and is called cholestasis. Cholestasis may be inherited, for example, in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis or acquired, for example, by drug-mediated inhibition of bile salt export from hepatocytes into the canaliculi. The key transport system for exporting bile salts into the canaliculi is the bile salt export pump. Inhibition of the bile salt export pump by drugs is a well-established cause of drug-induced cholestasis. Investigation of the role of the multidrug resistance protein 3, essential for biliary phospholipid secretion, is emerging now. This overview summarizes current concepts and methods with an emphasis on in vitro model systems for the investigation of drug-induced cholestasis in the general context of drug-induced liver injury.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin G, Mi P, Chu C, Zhang J, Liu G. Inorganic Nanocarriers Overcoming Multidrug Resistance for Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600134. [PMID: 27980988 PMCID: PMC5102675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) could lead to therapeutic failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and has become one of the main obstacles to successful cancer treatment. Some advanced drug delivery platforms, such as inorganic nanocarriers, demonstrate a high potential for cancer theranostic to overcome the cancer-specific limitation of conventional low-molecular-weight anticancer agents and imaging probes. Specifically, it could achieve synergetic therapeutic effects, demonstrating stronger killing effects to MDR cancer cells by combining the inorganic nanocarriers with other treatment manners, such as RNA interference and thermal therapy. Moreover, the inorganic nanocarriers could provide imaging functions to help monitor treatment responses, e.g., drug resistance and therapeutic effects, as well as analyze the mechanism of MDR by molecular imaging modalities. In this review, the mechanisms involved in cancer MDR and recent advances of applying inorganic nanocarriers for MDR cancer imaging and therapy are summarized. The inorganic nanocarriers may circumvent cancer MDR for effective therapy and provide a way to track the therapeutic processes for real-time molecular imaging, demonstrating high performance in studying the interaction of nanocarriers and MDR cancer cells/tissues in laboratory study and further shedding light on elaborate design of nanocarriers that could overcome MDR for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Peng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Department of UltrasoundXijing HospitalXi'anShaanXi710032China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marrone J, Soria LR, Danielli M, Lehmann GL, Larocca MC, Marinelli RA. Hepatic gene transfer of human aquaporin-1 improves bile salt secretory failure in rats with estrogen-induced cholestasis. Hepatology 2016; 64:535-48. [PMID: 26999313 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The adenoviral gene transfer of human aquaporin-1 (hAQP1) water channels to the liver of 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced cholestatic rats improves bile flow, in part by enhancing canalicular hAQP1-mediated osmotic water secretion. To gain insight into the mechanisms of 17α-ethinylestradiol cholestasis improvement, we studied the biliary output of bile salts (BS) and the functional expression of the canalicular BS export pump (BSEP; ABCB11). Adenovector encoding hAQP1 (AdhAQP1) or control vector was administered by retrograde intrabiliary infusion. AdhAQP1-transduced cholestatic rats increased the biliary output of major endogenous BS (50%-80%, P < 0.05) as well as that of taurocholate administered in choleretic or trace radiolabel amounts (around 60%, P < 0.05). Moreover, liver transduction with AdhAQP1 normalized serum BS levels, otherwise markedly elevated in cholestatic animals. AdhAQP1 treatment was unable to improve BSEP protein expression in cholestasis; however, its transport activity, assessed by adenosine triphosphate-dependent taurocholate transport in canalicular membrane vesicles, was induced by 90% (P < 0.05). AdhAQP1 administration in noncholestatic rats induced no significant changes in either biliary BS output or BSEP activity. Canalicular BSEP, mostly present in raft (high cholesterol) microdomains in control rats, was largely found in nonraft (low cholesterol) microdomains in cholestasis. Considering that BSEP activity directly depends on canalicular membrane cholesterol content, decreased BSEP presence in rafts may contribute to BSEP activity decline in 17α-ethinylestradiol cholestasis. In AdhAQP1-transduced cholestatic rats, BSEP showed a canalicular microdomain distribution similar to that of control rats, which provides an explanation for the improved BSEP activity. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte canalicular expression of hAQP1 through adenoviral gene transfer promotes biliary BS output by modulating BSEP activity in estrogen-induced cholestasis, a novel finding that might help us to better understand and treat cholestatic disorders. (Hepatology 2016;64:535-548).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Marrone
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leandro R Soria
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauro Danielli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo L Lehmann
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Larocca
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Montanari F, Pinto M, Khunweeraphong N, Wlcek K, Sohail MI, Noeske T, Boyer S, Chiba P, Stieger B, Kuchler K, Ecker GF. Flagging Drugs That Inhibit the Bile Salt Export Pump. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:163-71. [PMID: 26642869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is an ABC-transporter expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Its physiological role is to expel bile salts into the canaliculi from where they drain into the bile duct. Inhibition of this transporter may lead to intrahepatic cholestasis. Predictive computational models of BSEP inhibition may allow for fast identification of potentially harmful compounds in large databases. This article presents a predictive in silico model based on physicochemical descriptors that is able to flag compounds as potential BSEP inhibitors. This model was built using a training set of 670 compounds with available BSEP inhibition potencies. It successfully predicted BSEP inhibition for two independent test sets and was in a further step used for a virtual screening experiment. After in vitro testing of selected candidates, a marketed drug, bromocriptin, was identified for the first time as BSEP inhibitor. This demonstrates the usefulness of the model to identify new BSEP inhibitors and therefore potential cholestasis perpetrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Montanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Narakorn Khunweeraphong
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Wlcek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Imran Sohail
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna , Waehringerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Noeske
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Scott Boyer
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna , Waehringerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital , 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Telbisz Á, Homolya L. Recent advances in the exploration of the bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) function. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:501-14. [PMID: 26573700 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11), residing in the apical membrane of hepatocyte, mediates the secretion of bile salts into the bile. A range of human diseases is associated with the malfunction of BSEP, including fatal hereditary liver disorders and mild cholestatic conditions. Manifestation of these diseases primarily depends on the mutation type; however, other factors such as hormonal changes and drug interactions can also trigger or influence the related diseases. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize the recent knowledge on BSEP by covering its transport properties, cellular localization, regulation and major mutations/polymorphisms, as well as the hereditary and acquired diseases associated with BSEP dysfunction. We discuss the different model expression systems employed to understand the function of the BSEP variants, their drug interactions and the contemporary therapeutic interventions. EXPERT OPINION The limitations of the available model expression systems for BSEP result in controversial conclusions, and obstruct our deeper insight into BSEP deficiencies and BSEP-related drug interactions. The knowledge originating from different methodologies, such as clinical studies, molecular genetics, as well as in vitro and in silico modeling, should be integrated and harmonized. Increasing availability of robust molecular biological tools and our better understanding of the mechanism of BSEP deficiencies should make the personalized, mutation-based therapeutic interventions more attainable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Telbisz
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117 , Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- a Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117 , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Visentin M, Stieger B, Merz M, Kullak-Ublick GA. Octreotide inhibits the bilirubin carriers organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3 and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:145-51. [PMID: 26330539 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.227546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatostatin analog octreotide can lead to hyperbilirubinemia without evidence of liver injury. Here we investigate whether octreotide inhibits the main sinusoidal/canalicular bilirubin carriers and whether it is a transport substrate. Octreotide showed the most potent inhibitory effect toward OATP1B1-mediated transport and weaker inhibition for OATP1B3- and MRP2-mediated transport. Octreotide had no effect on OATP2B1-mediated transport. Octreotide inhibited [(3)H]estradiol-17-β-glucuronide (E17βG) influx mediated by OATP1B1, 1B3, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the IC50 values were computed to be 23 μM (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-29), 68 μM (95% CI 50-91), and 116.6 μM (95% CI 74.5-182.4), respectively. The interaction between octreotide and OATP1B1 was further studied. Inhibition of [(3)H]E17βG OATP1B1-mediated transport was purely competitive with no changes in maximum transport capacity (Vmax) and a twofold Km increase when the influx kinetics of [(3)H]E17βG were measured in the presence of octreotide (8.8 ± 3.1 versus 4.4 ± 1.2 μM, P = 0.03). The inhibition constant (Ki) of octreotide for the transport of [(3)H]E17βG was calculated at 33.5 ± 5.5 μM. Uptake of radiolabeled octreotide by OATP1B1-CHO cells was higher than in wild-type CHO cells and nonlabeled octreotide at the extracellular compartment was able to trans-stimulate the OATP1B1-mediated efflux of intracellular [(3)H]E17βG, suggesting that octreotide is a substrate of OATP1B1. In summary, this study shows interaction of octreotide on the human hepatocellular bilirubin transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and MRP2, notably OATP1B1. These findings are in line with the clinical observation that a fraction of patients under treatment with octreotide exhibit hyperbilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (M.V., B.S., G.A.K.-U.); and Discovery and Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (M.M., G.A.K.-U.)
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (M.V., B.S., G.A.K.-U.); and Discovery and Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (M.M., G.A.K.-U.)
| | - Michael Merz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (M.V., B.S., G.A.K.-U.); and Discovery and Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (M.M., G.A.K.-U.)
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (M.V., B.S., G.A.K.-U.); and Discovery and Investigative Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (M.M., G.A.K.-U.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang MY, Wang JP, Feng CH, Li B, Xia XM. Bile salt export pump expression in bile duct tissues of rats with bile duct cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3254-3258. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i20.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a rat model of bile duct cancer and detect bile salt export pump (Bsep) expression in bile duct tissues of this model, in order to provide a new method for the prevention and treatment of bile duct cancer.
METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into either a control group or an experimental group, with 30 rats in each group. The control group was fed an ordinary diet, and the experimental group was fed a 3'-Me-DAB diet. After 20 wk, the bile duct cancer model was successfully established. Bile duct tissues were taken from rats in both groups to detect the expression of Bsep by immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-peroxidase) and Western blot.
RESULTS: Both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of Bsep were significantly higher in the control group than in the experiment group (66.21% vs 18.75%, χ2 = 10.11, P < 0.05; 0.886 ± 0.017 vs 0.297 ± 0.011, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The expression of Bsep protein decreases significantly in rats with bile duct cancer, which suggests that drugs targeting Bsep may be a new therapeutic strategy for bile duct cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bridges CC, Zalups RK, Joshee L. Toxicological significance of renal Bcrp: Another potential transporter in the elimination of mercuric ions from proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:110-7. [PMID: 25868844 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of inorganic mercury (Hg(2+)) from proximal tubular cells into the tubular lumen has been shown to involve the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). Considering similarities in localization and substrate specificity between Mrp2 and the breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), we hypothesize that Bcrp may also play a role in the proximal tubular secretion of mercuric species. In order to test this hypothesis, the uptake of Hg(2+) was examined initially using inside-out membrane vesicles containing Bcrp. The results of these studies suggest that Bcrp may be capable of transporting certain conjugates of Hg(2+). To further characterize the role of Bcrp in the handling of mercuric ions and in the induction of Hg(2+)-induced nephropathy, Sprague-Dawley and Bcrp knockout (bcrp(-/-)) rats were exposed intravenously to a non-nephrotoxic (0.5 μmol · kg(-1)), a moderately nephrotoxic (1.5 μmol · kg(-1)) or a significantly nephrotoxic (2.0 μmol · kg(-1)) dose of HgCl2. In general, the accumulation of Hg(2+) was greater in organs of bcrp(-/-) rats than in Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting that Bcrp may play a role in the export of Hg(2+) from target cells. Within the kidney, cellular injury and necrosis was more severe in bcrp(-/-) rats than in controls. The pattern of necrosis, which was localized in the inner cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla, was significantly different from that observed in Mrp2-deficient animals. These findings suggest that Bcrp may be involved in the cellular export of select mercuric species and that its role in this export may differ from that of Mrp2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Bridges
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
| | - Rudolfs K Zalups
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Joshee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang MY, Wang JP, He K, Li B, Xia XM. BSEP expression in liver tissue of hyperlipidemia rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1615-1620. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i10.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP) in hepatic tissue in a rat model of hyperlipidemia.
METHODS: Sixty wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30 for each): a control group that was fed an ordinary diet, and an experimental group fed a high fat diet. Cholesterol and bile acid levels were regularly monitored. Liver tissue samples were taken for detecting the gene expression of BSEP by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the protein expression of BSEP by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The levels of cholesterol and bile acid were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of BSEP mRNA was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that in the experimental group, the positive expression rate of BSEP was 76.7%, significantly higher than that in the control group (12.5%).
CONCLUSION: The expression of Bsep increases significantly in rat hyperlipidemia, which suggests that we can develop drugs acting on BSEP to find new treatment methods and means for hyperlipidemia and related diseases.
Collapse
|