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Ma M, Lu M, Sun R, Zhu Z, Fuller DQ, Guo J, He G, Yang X, Tan L, Lu Y, Dong J, Liu R, Yang J, Li B, Guo T, Li X, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Wang CC, Dong G. Forager-farmer transition at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia 4900 years ago. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:103-113. [PMID: 37914610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The southward expansion of East Asian farmers profoundly influenced the social evolution of Southeast Asia by introducing cereal agriculture. However, the timing and routes of cereal expansion in key regions are unclear due to limited empirical evidence. Here we report macrofossil, microfossil, multiple isotopic (C/N/Sr/O) and paleoproteomic data directly from radiocarbon-dated human samples, which were unearthed from a site in Xingyi in central Yunnan and which date between 7000 and 3300 a BP. Dietary isotopes reveal the earliest arrival of millet ca. 4900 a BP, and greater reliance on plant and animal agriculture was indicated between 3800 and 3300 a BP. The dietary differences between hunter-gatherer and agricultural groups are also evident in the metabolic and immune system proteins analysed from their skeletal remains. The results of paleoproteomic analysis indicate that humans had divergent biological adaptations, with and without farming. The combined application of isotopes, archaeobotanical data and proteomics provides a new approach to documenting dietary and health changes across major subsistence transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Minxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dorian Q Fuller
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, UK; School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lingling Tan
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yongxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruiliang Liu
- The Department of Asia, British Museum, London WC1E 7JW, UK; School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jishuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Tonghai Cultural Relics Management, Yuxi 652700, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dongyue Zhao
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China.
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2
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Hou Y, Long H, Tsukamoto S, Lu Z, Chen J, Ibarra DE, Tamura T, Zhang Q, Sun W, Zhang J, Gao L, Frechen M, Shen J. Sahara's surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100550. [PMID: 38204586 PMCID: PMC10777076 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The remote forcing from land surface changes in the Sahara is hypothesized to play a pivotal role in modulating the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) through ocean-atmospheric teleconnections. This modulation has far-reaching consequences, particularly in facilitating societal shifts documented in northern China. Here, we present a well-dated lake-level record from the Daihai Lake Basin in northern China, providing quantitative assessments of Holocene monsoonal precipitation and the consequent migrations of the northern boundary of the EASM. Our reconstruction, informed by a water-and-energy balance model, indicates that annual precipitation reached ∼700 mm during 8-5 ka, followed by a rapid decline to ∼550 mm between 5 and 4 ka. This shift coherently aligns with a significant ∼300 km northwestward movement of the EASM northern boundary during the Middle Holocene (MH), in contrast to its current position. Our findings underscore that these changes cannot be entirely attributed to orbital forcing, as corroborated by simulation tests. Climate model simulations deployed in our study suggest that the presence of the Green Sahara during the MH significantly strengthened the EASM and led to a northward shift of the monsoon rainfall belt. Conversely, the Sahara's reversion to a desert landscape in the late Holocene was accompanied by a corresponding southward retraction of monsoon influence. These dramatic hydroclimate changes during ∼5-4 ka likely triggered or at least contributed to a shift in Neolithic cultures and societal transformation in northern China. With decreasing agricultural productivity, communities transitioned from millet farming to a mixed rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry system. Thus, our findings elucidate not only the variability of the EASM but also the profound implications of a remote forcing, such as surface transformations of the Sahara, on climatic changes and cultural evolution in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sumiko Tsukamoto
- Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Department of Geochronology, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhengyao Lu
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Daniel E. Ibarra
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Toru Tamura
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiyi Sun
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Manfred Frechen
- Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Department of Geochronology, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ji Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chen J, Liu Y, Liu M, Guo W, Wang Y, He Q, Chen W, Liao Y, Zhang W, Gao Y, Dong K, Ren R, Yang T, Zhang L, Qi M, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang H, Wang J, Qiao Z, Li H, Jiang Y, Liu G, Song X, Deng Y, Li H, Yan F, Dong Y, Li Q, Li T, Yang W, Cui J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Jia G, Lu P, Zhi H, Tang S, Diao X. Pangenome analysis reveals genomic variations associated with domestication traits in broomcorn millet. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2243-2254. [PMID: 38036791 PMCID: PMC10703678 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an orphan crop with the potential to improve cereal production and quality, and ensure food security. Here we present the genetic variations, population structure and diversity of a diverse worldwide collection of 516 broomcorn millet genomes. Population analysis indicated that the domesticated broomcorn millet originated from its wild progenitor in China. We then constructed a graph-based pangenome of broomcorn millet based on long-read de novo genome assemblies of 32 representative accessions. Our analysis revealed that the structural variations were highly associated with transposable elements, which influenced gene expression when located in the coding or regulatory regions. We also identified 139 loci associated with 31 key domestication and agronomic traits, including candidate genes and superior haplotypes, such as LG1, for panicle architecture. Thus, the study's findings provide foundational resources for developing genomics-assisted breeding programs in broomcorn millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minxuan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kongjun Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Ren
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, China
| | - Haigang Wang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiquan Li
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanmiao Jiang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Song
- High Latitude Crops Institute to Shanxi Academy, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Datong, China
| | - Yarui Deng
- High Latitude Crops Institute to Shanxi Academy, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Datong, China
| | - Hai Li
- High Latitude Crops Institute to Shanxi Academy, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Datong, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Qiqihar Sub-academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Qiqihar Sub-academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Qiqihar Sub-academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenyao Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianghui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Halili B, Yang X, Wang R, Zhu K, Hai X, Wang CC. Inferring the population history of Kyrgyz in Xinjiang, Northwest China from genome-wide array genotyping. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 181:611-625. [PMID: 37310136 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Xinjiang plays a vital role in the trans-Eurasian population migration, language diffusion, and culture and technology exchange. However, the underrepresentation of Xinjiang's genomes has hindered a more comprehensive understanding of Xinjiang's genetic structure and population history. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected and genotyped 70 southern Xinjiang's Kyrgyz (SXJK) individuals and combined the data with modern and ancient Eurasians published. We used allele-frequency methods, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f-statistics, qpWave/qpAdm, ALDER, Treemix, and haplotype-shared methods including shared-IBD segments, fineSTRUCTURE, and GLOBETROTTER to unveil the fine-scale population structure and reconstruct admixture history. RESULTS We identified genetic substructure within the SXJK population with subgroups showing different genetic affinities to West and East Eurasians. All SXJK subgroups were suggested to have close genetic relationships with surrounding Turkic-speaking groups that is, Uyghur, Kyrgyz from north Xinjiang and Tajikistan, and Chinese Kazakh, suggesting a shared ancestry among those populations. Outgroup-f3 and symmetrical f4 statistics showed a high genetic affinity of SXJK to present-day Tungusic, Mongolic-speaking populations and Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related groups. Allele sharing and haplotype sharing profiles revealed the east-west admixture pattern of SXJK. The qpAdm-based admixture models showed that SXJK derived ancestry from East Eurasian (ANA and East Asian, 42.7%-83.3%) and West Eurasian (Western Steppe herders and Central Asian, 16.7%-57.3%), the recent east-west admixture event could be traced to 1000 years ago based on ALDER and GLOBETROTTER analysis. DISCUSSION The high genetic affinity of SXJK to present-day Tungusic and Mongolic-speaking populations and short-shared IBD segments indicated their shared common ancestry. SXJK harbored a close genetic affinity to ANA-related populations, indicating the Northeast Asian origin of SXJK. The West and East Eurasian admixture models observed in SXJK further provided evidence of the dynamic admixture history in Xinjiang. The east-west admixture pattern and the identified ancestral makeup of SXJK suggested a genetic continuity from some Iron Age Xinjiang populations to present-day SXJK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubibatima Halili
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangjun Hai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Wang H, Yang MA, Wangdue S, Lu H, Chen H, Li L, Dong G, Tsring T, Yuan H, He W, Ding M, Wu X, Li S, Tashi N, Yang T, Yang F, Tong Y, Chen Z, He Y, Cao P, Dai Q, Liu F, Feng X, Wang T, Yang R, Ping W, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang C, Yuan K, Ko AMS, Aldenderfer M, Gao X, Xu S, Fu Q. Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5582. [PMID: 36930720 PMCID: PMC10022901 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using genome-wide data of 89 ancient individuals dated to 5100 to 100 years before the present (B.P.) from 29 sites across the Tibetan Plateau, we found plateau-specific ancestry across plateau populations, with substantial genetic structure indicating high differentiation before 2500 B.P. Northeastern plateau populations rapidly showed admixture associated with millet farmers by 4700 B.P. in the Gonghe Basin. High genetic similarity on the southern and southwestern plateau showed population expansion along the Yarlung Tsangpo River since 3400 years ago. Central and southeastern plateau populations revealed extensive genetic admixture within the plateau historically, with substantial ancestry related to that found in southern and southwestern plateau populations. Over the past ~700 years, substantial gene flow from lowland East Asia further shaped the genetic landscape of present-day plateau populations. The high-altitude adaptive EPAS1 allele was found in plateau populations as early as in a 5100-year-old individual and showed a sharp increase over the past 2800 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Melinda A. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Shargan Wangdue
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Honghai Chen
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linhui Li
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tinley Tsring
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Haibing Yuan
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei He
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Manyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Norbu Tashi
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Tsho Yang
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Zujun Chen
- Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yuanhong He
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qingyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wanjing Ping
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Albert Min-Shan Ko
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mark Aldenderfer
- Department of Anthropology and Heritage Studies, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China
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6
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Yu SY, Li WJ, Zhou L, Yu X, Zhang Q, Shen Z. Human disturbances dominated the unprecedentedly high frequency of Yellow River flood over the last millennium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8576. [PMID: 36812330 PMCID: PMC9946347 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A warming climate may increase flood hazard through boosting the global hydrological cycle. However, human impact through modifications to the river and its catchment is not well quantified. Here, we show a 12,000-year-long record of Yellow River flood events by synthesizing sedimentary and documentary data of levee overtops and breaches. Our result reveals that flood events in the Yellow River basin became almost an order of magnitude more frequent during the last millennium than the middle Holocene and 81 ± 6% of the increased flood frequency can be ascribed to anthropogenic disturbances. Our findings not only shed light on the long-term dynamics of flood hazards in this world's most sediment-laden river but also inform policy of sustainable management of large rivers under anthropogenic stress elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Yu
- School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhixiong Shen
- Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29526, USA
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7
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Wang J, Yang L, Duan S, Sun Q, Li Y, Wu J, Wu W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Tang R, Yang J, Liu C, Yuan B, Wang D, Xu J, Wang M, He G. Genome-wide allele and haplotype-sharing patterns suggested one unique Hmong-Mein-related lineage and biological adaptation history in Southwest China. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:3. [PMID: 36721228 PMCID: PMC9887792 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-scale genetic structure of ethnolinguistically diverse Chinese populations can fill the gap in the missing diversity and evolutionary landscape of East Asians, particularly for anthropologically informed Chinese minorities. Hmong-Mien (HM) people were one of the most significant indigenous populations in South China and Southeast Asia, which were suggested to be the descendants of the ancient Yangtze rice farmers based on linguistic and archeological evidence. However, their deep population history and biological adaptative features remained to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVES To explore the evolutionary and adaptive characteristics of the Miao people, we genotyped genome-wide SNP data in Guizhou HM-speaking populations and merged it with modern and ancient reference populations via a comprehensive population genetic analysis and evolutionary admixture modeling. RESULTS The overall genetic admixture landscape of Guizhou Miao showed genetic differentiation between them and other linguistically diverse Guizhou populations. Admixture models further confirmed that Miao people derived their primary ancestry from geographically close Guangxi Gaohuahua people. The estimated identity by descent and effective population size confirmed a plausible population bottleneck, contributing to their unique genetic diversity and population structure patterns. We finally identified several natural selection candidate genes associated with several biological pathways. CONCLUSIONS Guizhou Miao possessed a specific genetic structure and harbored a close genetic relationship with geographically close southern Chinese indigenous populations and Guangxi historical people. Miao people derived their major ancestry from geographically close Guangxi Gaohuahua people and experienced a plausible population bottleneck which contributed to the unique pattern of their genetic diversity and structure. Future ancient DNA from Shijiahe and Qujialing will provide new insights into the origin of the Miao people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 China
| | - Lin Yang
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 China
| | - Shuhan Duan
- grid.449525.b0000 0004 1798 4472School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000 China
| | - Qiuxia Sun
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331 China
| | - Youjing Li
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Congjiang People’s Hospital, Congjiang, 557499 China
| | - Jun Wu
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.449525.b0000 0004 1798 4472School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000 China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331 China
| | - Junbao Yang
- grid.449525.b0000 0004 1798 4472School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000 China
| | - Chao Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XFaculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Buhong Yuan
- Longli People’s Hospital, Longli, 551299 China
| | - Daoyong Wang
- Nayong Guohua Yixin Hospital, Nayong, 553306 China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Mengge Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Zhang G, Zhou X, Li X, Wang Y, Dang Z, Li W, Spate M, Shang X, Wang J, Sun S, Song J, Chen T, Betts A, Wu X, Zhao K, Liu H, Zhang S, Xu H, Jiang H. New empirical evidence from ancient foxtail millet seeds and panicles reveals phenotype divergence during its dispersal. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1860-1864. [PMID: 36546299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Zhang
- History and Social Work College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Urumchi 830011, China
| | - Zhihao Dang
- Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Urumchi 830011, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Urumchi 830011, China
| | - Michael Spate
- Department of Archaeology, the University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xue Shang
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaobo Sun
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jixiang Song
- Department of Archaeology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of History and Culture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Alison Betts
- Department of Archaeology, the University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xianzhu Wu
- History and Social Work College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Keliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of History and Culture, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shanjia Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongen Jiang
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Richards SM, Li L, Breen J, Hovhannisyan N, Estrada O, Gasparyan B, Gilliham M, Smith A, Cooper A, Zhang H. Recovery of chloroplast genomes from medieval millet grains excavated from the Areni-1 cave in southern Armenia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15164. [PMID: 36071150 PMCID: PMC9452526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicum miliaceum L. was domesticated in northern China at least 7000 years ago and was subsequentially adopted in many areas throughout Eurasia. One such locale is Areni-1 an archaeological cave site in Southern Armenia, where vast quantities archaeobotanical material were well preserved via desiccation. The rich botanical material found at Areni-1 includes P. miliaceum grains that were identified morphologically and14C dated to the medieval period (873 ± 36 CE and 1118 ± 35 CE). To investigate the demographic and evolutionary history of the Areni-1 millet, we used ancient DNA extraction, hybridization capture enrichment, and high throughput sequencing to assemble three chloroplast genomes from the medieval grains and then compared these sequences to 50 modern P. miliaceum chloroplast genomes. Overall, the chloroplast genomes contained a low amount of diversity with domesticated accessions separated by a maximum of 5 SNPs and little inference on demography could be made. However, in phylogenies the chloroplast genomes separated into two clades, similar to what has been reported for nuclear DNA from P. miliaceum. The chloroplast genomes of two wild (undomesticated) accessions of P. miliaceum contained a relatively large number of variants, 11 SNPs, not found in the domesticated accessions. These results demonstrate that P. miliaceum grains from archaeological sites can preserve DNA for at least 1000 years and serve as a genetic resource to study the domestication of this cereal crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Richards
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Leiting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James Breen
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Oscar Estrada
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Grupo de Agrobiotecnología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Alexia Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan Cooper
- BlueSky Genetics, Ashton, SA, Australia.,South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Heng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Zhang X, Ji X, Li C, Yang T, Huang J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Ma S, Pang Y, Huang Y, He Y, Su B. A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3095-3109.e5. [PMID: 35839766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Southern East Asia is the dispersal center regarding the prehistoric settlement and migrations of modern humans in Asia-Pacific regions. However, the settlement pattern and population structure of paleolithic humans in this region remain elusive, and ancient DNA can provide direct information. Here, we sequenced the genome of a Late Pleistocene hominin (MZR), dated ∼14.0 thousand years ago from Red Deer Cave located in Southwest China, which was previously reported possessing mosaic features of modern and archaic hominins. MZR is the first Late Pleistocene genome from southern East Asia. Our results indicate that MZR is a modern human who represents an early diversified lineage in East Asia. The mtDNA of MZR belongs to an extinct basal lineage of the M9 haplogroup, reflecting a rich matrilineal diversity in southern East Asia during the Late Pleistocene. Combined with the published data, we detected clear genetic stratification in ancient southern populations of East/Southeast Asia and some degree of south-versus-north divergency during the Late Pleistocene, and MZR was identified as a southern East Asian who exhibits genetic continuity to present day populations. Markedly, MZR is linked deeply to the East Asian ancestry that contributed to First Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xueping Ji
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118, China; School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Archaeological Institute for Yangtze Civilization, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiwu Ma
- Mengzi Institute of Cultural Relics, Mengzi, Yunnan Province 661100, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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11
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Dong J, Wang S, Chen G, Wei W, Du L, Xu Y, Ma M, Dong G. Stable Isotopic Evidence for Human and Animal Diets From the Late Neolithic to the Ming Dynasty in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Hulu River Valley, NW China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.905371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of human and animal paleodiets, representing the unique subsistence strategies and human-environment interactions adopted over evolutionary time, has attracted intensive research attention. Historically, the western Loess Plateau (WLP) served as a key area for the evolution of human-land relationship. The human subsistence patterns in the WLP changed significantly from prehistoric to historical periods based on archaeobotanical data. However, the trajectory and influencing factors of ancient human and animal diets in the WLP remain unclear, mainly due to the lack of isotopic data in the upper reaches of the Wei River. In this paper, we reported 172 human and animal isotope samples (C and N) and 23 radiocarbon dates from three sites in the middle-lower reaches of the Hulu River Valley (HRV). At least three periods of dietary patterns for humans were observed in the WLP from the late Neolithic to Ming Dynasty. During 5300–4000 Before Present (BP), humans and domesticated animals such as pigs and dogs consumed a greater proportion of millets and millet byproducts. Between 3000 and 2200 BP, the diets of pigs and dogs remained largely comprised of C4 foods, while humans consumed both C3 and C4 foods, which contradicted the evidence of an overwhelming proportion of wheat and barley (C3 crops) from the contemporaneous cultural sediment. The contradictions between plant remains and human diets are probably related to geopolitical factors. Between 1000–500 BP, human diets were more diverse and heterogeneous in this region. Combined with environmental and archaeological evidence, the changes in diets and subsistence strategies over the three periods can be attributed to the comprehensive influence of regional cultural development, geopolitics and technological innovation. This paper not only reveals the trajectory and influencing factors of ancient human and animal diets in the middle-lower HRV, but also explores how subsistence strategies, particularly in terms of dietary structure, will change in the context of cultural exchange and diffusion, and emphasizes the important influence of geopolitical interactions in the WLP.
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12
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Robbeets M, Bouckaert R, Conte M, Savelyev A, Li T, An DI, Shinoda KI, Cui Y, Kawashima T, Kim G, Uchiyama J, Dolińska J, Oskolskaya S, Yamano KY, Seguchi N, Tomita H, Takamiya H, Kanzawa-Kiriyama H, Oota H, Ishida H, Kimura R, Sato T, Kim JH, Deng B, Bjørn R, Rhee S, Ahn KD, Gruntov I, Mazo O, Bentley JR, Fernandes R, Roberts P, Bausch IR, Gilaizeau L, Yoneda M, Kugai M, Bianco RA, Zhang F, Himmel M, Hudson MJ, Ning C. Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages. Nature 2021; 599:616-621. [PMID: 34759322 PMCID: PMC8612925 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages-that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic-is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1-3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by 'triangulating' genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic-Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional 'pastoralist hypothesis'6-8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Robbeets
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Remco Bouckaert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Centre of Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Conte
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexander Savelyev
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tao Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Archaeological Institute for Yangtze Civilization (AIYC), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deog-Im An
- Department of Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinoda
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yinqiu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Geonyoung Kim
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junzo Uchiyama
- Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, Norwich, UK
- Center for Cultural Resource Studies, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Joanna Dolińska
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofia Oskolskaya
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ken-Yōjiro Yamano
- Research Center for Buried Cultural Properties, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Seguchi
- Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tomita
- Hokkaido Government Board of Education, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of Global Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takamiya
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Oota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Donga University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bingcong Deng
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Rasmus Bjørn
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Seongha Rhee
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyou-Dong Ahn
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilya Gruntov
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Mazo
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - John R Bentley
- Department of World Languages and Cultures, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilona R Bausch
- Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, Norwich, UK
- Leiden University Institute of Area Studies, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Kokugakuin University Museum, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Linda Gilaizeau
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Kugai
- Miyakojima City Board of Education, Miyakojima, Japan
| | - Raffaela A Bianco
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Marie Himmel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark J Hudson
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Institut d'Asie Orientale, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Chao Ning
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Yang J, Li Y, Tang R, Yuan D, Wang Y, Wang P, Deng S, Zeng S, Li H, Chen G, Zou X, Wang M, He G. Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process. Front Genet 2021; 12:626710. [PMID: 34194465 PMCID: PMC8237860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.626710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the demic diffusion hypothesis; other evidence favors the cultural diffusion hypothesis, which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious. Analyses of over 700 K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Huis and 60 geographically close Nanchong Hans) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasian sequences allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Hui and neighboring Han populations. The results from PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based f-statistics revealed a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Huis and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested a massive gene influx from East Asians into the Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the qpWave/qpAdm analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasians into the Sichuan Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally distinct Western sources to Sichuan Hui people in the qpGraph-based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of the cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the Sichuan Huis. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into the Sichuan Huis during the historic periods, which was concordant with the extensive western-eastern communication along the Silk Road and historically documented Huis' migration history. In summary, although significant cultural differentiation exists between Hui people and their neighbors, our genomic analysis showed their strong genetic affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results support the hypothesis that the Sichuan Huis arose from a mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominant East Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Didi Yuan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- College of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shudan Deng
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Simei Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Hunan Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zou
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Yue L, Cao LJ, Chen JC, Gong YJ, Lin YH, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Low levels of genetic differentiation with isolation by geography and environment in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from across China. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:942-954. [PMID: 33686193 PMCID: PMC8178374 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a model species in evolutionary studies. However, population processes of this species in East Asia are poorly studied. Here we examined the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster across China. There were 14 mitochondrial haplotypes with 10 unique ones out of 23 known from around the globe. Pairwise FST values estimated from 15 novel microsatellites ranged from 0 to 0.11, with geographically isolated populations showing the highest level of genetic uniqueness. STRUCTURE analysis identified high levels of admixture at both the individual and population levels. Mantel tests indicated a strong association between genetic distance and geographical distance as well as environmental distance. Full redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that independent effects of environmental conditions and geography accounted for 62.10% and 31.58% of the total explained genetic variance, respectively. When geographic variables were constrained in a partial RDA analysis, the environmental variables bio2 (mean diurnal air temperature range), bio13 (precipitation of the wettest month), and bio15 (precipitation seasonality) were correlated with genetic distance. Our study suggests that demographic history, geographical isolation, and environmental factors have together shaped the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster after its introduction into China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hao Lin
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China ,International Department of Beijing No. 80 High School, Beijing, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XBio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Taché K, Jaffe Y, Craig OE, Lucquin A, Zhou J, Wang H, Jiang S, Standall E, Flad RK. What do "barbarians" eat? Integrating ceramic use-wear and residue analysis in the study of food and society at the margins of Bronze Age China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250819. [PMID: 33914818 PMCID: PMC8084173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Siwa archaeological culture (ca. 3350 and 2650 cal yr BP) has often been associated with the tribes referenced in textual sources as Qiang and Rong: prized captives commonly sacrificed by the Shang and marauding hordes who toppled the Western Zhou dynasty. In early Chinese writings, food plays a key role in accentuating the 'sino-barbarian' dichotomy believed to have taken root over 3000 years ago, with the Qiang and Rong described as nomadic pastoralists who consumed more meat than grain and knew little of proper dining etiquette. To date, however, little direct archaeological evidence has allowed us to reconstruct the diet and foodways of the groups who occupied the Loess Plateau during this pivotal period. Here we present the results of the first ceramic use-wear study performed on the Siwa ma'an jars from the site of Zhanqi, combined with the molecular and isotopic characterization of lipid residues from foodcrusts, and evidence from experimental cooking. We report molecular data indicating the preparation of meals composed of millet and ruminant dairy among the Siwa community of Zhanqi. Use-wear analysis shows that Zhanqi community members were sophisticated creators of ceramic equipment, the ma'an cooking pot, which allowed them to prepare a wide number of dishes with limited fuel. These findings support recent isotope studies at Zhanqi as well as nuance the centrality of meat in the Siwa period diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Taché
- Department of Historical Sciences, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Yitzchak Jaffe
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oliver E. Craig
- Department of archaeology, BioArch, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Lucquin
- Department of archaeology, BioArch, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhou
- Gansu Institute of Archaeology, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengpeng Jiang
- School of Archaeology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Standall
- Department of archaeology, BioArch, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan K. Flad
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
Cultural diversity is disappearing quickly. Whilst a phylogenetic approach makes explicit the continuous extinction of cultures, and the generation of new ones, cultural evolutionary changes such as the rise of agriculture or more recently colonisation can cause periods of mass cultural extinction. At the current rate, 90% of languages will become extinct or moribund by the end of this century. Unlike biological extinction, cultural extinction does not necessarily involve genetic extinction or even deaths, but results from the disintegration of a social entity and discontinuation of culture-specific behaviours. Here we propose an analytical framework to examine the phenomenon of cultural extinction. When examined over millennia, extinctions of cultural traits or institutions can be studied in a phylogenetic comparative framework that incorporates archaeological data on ancestral states. Over decades or centuries, cultural extinction can be studied in a behavioural ecology framework to investigate how the fitness consequences of cultural behaviours and population dynamics shift individual behaviours away from the traditional norms. Frequency-dependent costs and benefits are key to understanding both the origin and the loss of cultural diversity. We review recent evolutionary studies that have informed cultural extinction processes and discuss avenues of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, LondonWC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Ruth Mace
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, LondonWC1H 0BW, UK
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17
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Yao H, Wang M, Zou X, Li Y, Yang X, Li A, Yeh HY, Wang P, Wang Z, Bai J, Guo J, Chen J, Ding X, Zhang Y, Lin B, Wang CC, He G. New insights into the fine-scale history of western-eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:631-651. [PMID: 33650010 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trans-Eurasian cultural and genetic exchanges have significantly influenced the demographic dynamics of Eurasian populations. The Hexi Corridor, located along the southeastern edge of the Eurasian steppe, served as an important passage of the ancient Silk Road in Northwest China and intensified the transcontinental exchange and interaction between populations on the Central Plain and in Western Eurasia. Historical and archeological records indicate that the Western Eurasian cultural elements were largely brought into North China via this geographical corridor, but there is debate on the extent to which the spread of barley/wheat agriculture into North China and subsequent Bronze Age cultural and technological mixture/shifts were achieved by the movement of people or dissemination of ideas. Here, we presented higher-resolution genome-wide autosomal and uniparental Y/mtDNA SNP or STR data for 599 northwestern Han Chinese individuals and conducted 2 different comprehensive genetic studies among Neolithic-to-present-day Eurasians. Genetic studies based on lower-resolution STR markers via PCA, STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic trees showed that northwestern Han Chinese individuals had increased genetic homogeneity relative to northern Mongolic/Turkic/Tungusic speakers and Tibeto-Burman groups. The genomic signature constructed based on modern/ancient DNA further illustrated that the primary ancestry of the northwestern Han was derived from northern millet farmer ancestors, which was consistent with the hypothesis of Han origin in North China and more recent northwestward population expansion. This was subsequently confirmed via excess shared derived alleles in f3/f4 statistical analyses and by more northern East Asian-related ancestry in the qpAdm/qpGraph models. Interestingly, we identified one western Eurasian admixture signature that was present in northwestern Han but absent from southern Han, with an admixture time dated to approximately 1000 CE (Tang and Song dynasties). Generally, we provided supporting evidence that historic Trans-Eurasian communication was primarily maintained through population movement, not simply cultural diffusion. The observed population dynamics in northwestern Han Chinese not only support the North China origin hypothesis but also reflect the multiple sources of the genetic diversity observed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yao
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,AnLan AI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ailin Li
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Yeh
- School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Peixin Wang
- College of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingya Bai
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory for Physique and Health of the Minorities, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoquan Lin
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Guanglin He
- Belt and Road Research Center for Forensic Molecular Anthropology Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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18
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OKAZAKI KENJI, TAKAMUKU HIROFUMI, KAWAKUBO YOSHINORI, HUDSON MARK, CHEN JIE. Cranial morphometric analysis of early wet-rice farmers in the Yangtze River Delta of China. ANTHROPOL SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.210325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KENJI OKAZAKI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago
| | | | - YOSHINORI KAWAKUBO
- Department of Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga
| | - MARK HUDSON
- Archaeolinguistic Research Group, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena
| | - JIE CHEN
- Department of Archaeology, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai
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19
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Zhang H, Ji T, Pagel M, Mace R. Dated phylogeny suggests early Neolithic origin of Sino-Tibetan languages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20792. [PMID: 33247154 PMCID: PMC7695722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan language evolution would greatly advance our understanding of East Asian population history. Two recent phylogenetic studies attempted to do so but several of their conclusions are different from each other. Here we reconstruct the phylogeny of the Sino-Tibetan language family, using Bayesian computational methods applied to a larger and linguistically more diverse sample. Our results confirm previous work in finding that the ancestral Sino-Tibetans first split into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman clades, and support the existence of key internal relationships. But we find that the initial divergence of this group occurred earlier than previously suggested, at approximately 8000 years before the present, coinciding with the onset of millet-based agriculture and significant environmental changes in the Yellow River region. Our findings illustrate that key aspects of phylogenetic history can be replicated in this complex language family, and calls for a more nuanced understanding of the first Sino-Tibetan speakers in relation to the "early farming dispersal" theory of language evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK.
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Centre for Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mark Pagel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Ruth Mace
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK.
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20
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Uchiyama J, Gillam JC, Savelyev A, Ning C. Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2020; 2:e16. [PMID: 37588381 PMCID: PMC10427466 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'Northern Eurasian Greenbelt' (NEG) is the northern forest zone stretching from the Japanese Archipelago to Northern Europe. The NEG has created highly productive biomes for humanity to exploit since the end of the Pleistocene. This research explores how the ecological conditions in northern Eurasia contributed to and affected human migrations and cultural trajectories by synthesizing the complimentary viewpoints of environmental archaeology, Geographic Information Science (GIS), genetics and linguistics. First, the environmental archaeology perspective raises the possibility that the NEG functioned as a vessel fostering people to develop diverse cultures and engage in extensive cross-cultural exchanges. Second, geographical analysis of genomic data on mitochondrial DNA using GIS reveals the high probability that population dynamics in the southeastern NEG promoted the peopling of the Americas at the end of the Pleistocene. Finally, a linguistic examination of environmental- and landscape-related vocabulary of the proto-Turkic language groups enables the outline of their original cultural landscape and natural conditions, demonstrating significant cultural spheres, i.e. from southern Siberia to eastern Inner Mongolia during Neolithization. All of these results combine to suggest that the ecological complex in the southern edge of the NEG in northeast Asia played a significant role in peopling across the continents during prehistory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Uchiyama
- The Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, University of East Anglia, 64 The Close, NorwichNR1 4DH, UK
- Center for Cultural Resource Studies, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi, 920-1192, Japan
| | - J. Christopher Gillam
- Department of Sociology, Criminology and Anthropology, Winthrop University, 319 Kinard Hall, Rock Hill, SC29733, USA
| | - Alexander Savelyev
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745Jena, Germany
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Kislovsky Pereulok 1/1, 125009Moscow, Russia
| | - Chao Ning
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745Jena, Germany
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21
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Li L, Zou X, Zhang G, Wang H, Su Y, Wang M, He G. Population genetic analysis of Shaanxi male Han Chinese population reveals genetic differentiation and homogenization of East Asians. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1209. [PMID: 32163678 PMCID: PMC7216819 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaanxi province, located in the upper Yellow River, has been evidenced as the geographic origin of Chinese civilization, Sino-Tibetan-speaking language, and foxtail or broomcorn millet farmers via the linguistic phylogenetic spectrum, archeological documents, and genetic evidence. Nowadays, Han Chinese is the dominant population in this area. The formation process of modern Shaanxi Han population reconstructed via the ancient DNA is on the way, however, the patterns of genetic relationships of modern Shaanxi Han, allele frequency distributions of high mutated short tandem repeats (STRs) and corresponding forensic parameters are remained to be explored. METHODS Here, we successfully genotyped 23 autosomal STRs in 630 unrelated Shaanxi male Han individuals using the recently updated Huaxia Platinum PCR amplification system. Forensic allele frequency and parameters of all autosomal STRs were assessed. And comprehensive population genetic structure was explored via various typical statistical technologies. RESULTS Population genetic analysis based on the raw-genotype dataset among 15,803 Eurasian individuals and frequency datasets among 56 populations generally illustrated that linguistic stratification is significantly associated with the genetic substructure of the East Asian population. Principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling plots and phylogenetic tree further demonstrated that Shaanxi Han has a close genetic relationship with geographically close Shanxi Han, and showed that Han Chinese is a homogeneous population during the historic and recent admixture from the STR variations. Except for Sinitic-speaking populations, Shaanxi Han harbored more alleles sharing with Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations than with other reference populations. Focused on the allele frequency correlation and forensic parameters, all loci are in accordance with the minimum requirements of HWE and LD. The observed combined probability of discrimination of 8.2201E-28 and the cumulative power of exclusion of 0.9999999995 in Shaanxi Han demonstrated that the studied STR loci are informative and polymorphic, and this system can be used as a powerful routine forensic tool in personal identification and parentage testing. CONCLUSION Both the geographical and linguistic divisions have shaped the genetic structure of modern East Asian. And more forensic reference data should be obtained for ethnically, culturally, geographically and linguistically different populations for better routine forensic practice and population genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xing Zou
- Institute of Forensic MedicineWest China School of Basic Science and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yongdong Su
- Forensic Identification CenterPublic Security Bureau of Tibet Tibetan Autonomous RegionLhasaTibet Tibetan Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Forensic MedicineWest China School of Basic Science and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Forensic MedicineWest China School of Basic Science and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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22
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Wang CC, Robbeets M. The homeland of Proto-Tungusic inferred from contemporary words and ancient genomes. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2020; 2:e8. [PMID: 37588383 PMCID: PMC10427446 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tungusic languages form a language family spoken in Xinjiang, Siberia, Manchuria and the Russian Far East. There is a general consensus that these languages are genealogically related and descend from a common ancestral language, conventionally called 'Proto-Tungusic'. However, the exact geographical location where the ancestral speakers of Proto-Tungusic originated from is subject to debate. Here we take an unprecedented approach to this problem, by integrating linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence in a single study. Our analysis of ancient DNA suggests genetic continuity between an ancient Amur genetic lineage and the contemporary speakers of the Tungusic languages. Adding an archaeolinguistic perspective, we infer that the most plausible homeland for the speakers of Proto-Tungusic is the region around Lake Khanka in the Russian Far East. Our study pushes the field forward in answering the tantalizing question about the location of the Tungusic homeland and in illustrating how these three disciplines can converge into a holistic approach to the human past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Martine Robbeets
- Eurasia3angle Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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23
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Hudson MJ, Nakagome S, Whitman JB. The evolving Japanese: the dual structure hypothesis at 30. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2020; 2:e6. [PMID: 37588379 PMCID: PMC10427290 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The population history of Japan has been one of the most intensively studied anthropological questions anywhere in the world, with a huge literature dating back to the nineteenth century and before. A growing consensus over the 1980s that the modern Japanese comprise an admixture of a Neolithic population with Bronze Age migrants from the Korean peninsula was crystallised in Kazurō Hanihara's influential 'dual structure hypothesis' published in 1991. Here, we use recent research in biological anthropology, historical linguistics and archaeology to evaluate this hypothesis after three decades. Although the major assumptions of Hanihara's model have been supported by recent work, we discuss areas where new findings have led to a re-evaluation of aspects of the hypothesis and emphasise the need for further research in key areas including ancient DNA and archaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hudson
- Eurasia3angle Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische straße 10, 07745Jena, Germany
| | - Shigeki Nakagome
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 150-162 Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John B. Whitman
- Department of Linguistics, Cornell University, 203 Morrill Hall, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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Nelson S, Zhushchikhovskaya I, Li T, Hudson M, Robbeets M. Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2020; 2:e5. [PMID: 37588355 PMCID: PMC10427276 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeolinguistics, a field which combines language reconstruction and archaeology as a source of information on human prehistory, has much to offer to deepen our understanding of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Northeast Asia. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. To remedy this situation, here we integrate linguistic and archaeological evidence of textile production, with the aim of shedding light on ancient population movements in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. We show that the transition to more sophisticated textile technology in these regions can be associated not only with the adoption of millet agriculture but also with the spread of the languages of the so-called 'Transeurasian' family. In this way, our research provides indirect support for the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis, which posits that language expansion from the Neolithic onwards was often associated with agricultural colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nelson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Irina Zhushchikhovskaya
- Laboratory of Medieval Archaeology, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of Peoples of Far East, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tao Li
- Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mark Hudson
- Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Martine Robbeets
- Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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