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Takahashi N, Suita K, Koike T, Ogita N, Zhang Y, Umeda M. DNA double-strand breaks enhance brassinosteroid signaling to activate quiescent center cell division in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1364-1375. [PMID: 37882240 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis roots, the quiescent center (QC), a group of slowly dividing cells located at the center of the stem cell niche, functions as an organizing center to maintain the stemness of neighboring cells. Recent studies have shown that they also act as a reservoir for backup cells, which replenish DNA-damaged stem cells by activating cell division. The latter function is essential for maintaining stem cells under stressful conditions, thereby guaranteeing post-embryonic root development in fluctuating environments. In this study, we show that one of the brassinosteroid receptors in Arabidopsis, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-LIKE3 (BRL3), plays a major role in activating QC division in response to DNA double-strand breaks. SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1, a master transcription factor governing DNA damage response, directly induces BRL3. DNA damage-induced QC division was completely suppressed in brl3 mutants, whereas QC-specific overexpression of BRL3 activated QC division. Our data also showed that BRL3 is required to induce the AP2-type transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115, which triggers regenerative cell division. We propose that BRL3-dependent brassinosteroid signaling plays a unique role in activating QC division and replenishing dead stem cells, thereby enabling roots to restart growing after recovery from genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuki Suita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Koike
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ogita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Herbst J, Nagy SH, Vercauteren I, De Veylder L, Kunze R. The long non-coding RNA LINDA restrains cellular collapse following DNA damage in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1370-1384. [PMID: 37616189 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The genomic integrity of every organism is endangered by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. To maintain genomic integrity, a sophisticated DNA damage response (DDR) network is activated rapidly after DNA damage. Notably, the fundamental DDR mechanisms are conserved in eukaryotes. However, knowledge about many regulatory aspects of the plant DDR is still limited. Important, yet little understood, regulatory factors of the DDR are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In humans, 13 lncRNAs functioning in DDR have been characterized to date, whereas no such lncRNAs have been characterized in plants yet. By meta-analysis, we identified the putative long intergenic non-coding RNA induced by DNA damage (LINDA) that responds strongly to various DNA double-strand break-inducing treatments, but not to replication stress induced by mitomycin C. After DNA damage, LINDA is rapidly induced in an ATM- and SOG1-dependent manner. Intriguingly, the transcriptional response of LINDA to DNA damage is similar to that of its flanking hypothetical protein-encoding gene. Phylogenetic analysis of putative Brassicales and Malvales LINDA homologs indicates that LINDA lncRNAs originate from duplication of a flanking small protein-encoding gene followed by pseudogenization. We demonstrate that LINDA is not only needed for the regulation of this flanking gene but also fine-tuning of the DDR after the occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, Δlinda mutant root stem cells are unable to recover from DNA damage, most likely due to hyper-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Herbst
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular Genetics of Plants, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Solveig Henriette Nagy
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular Genetics of Plants, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular Genetics of Plants, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
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Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Hu Y, Rosado D, Lindbäck LN, Micko J, Pedmale UV. Cryptochromes and UBP12/13 deubiquitinases antagonistically regulate DNA damage response in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.15.524001. [PMID: 36712126 PMCID: PMC9882212 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.15.524001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are evolutionarily conserved blue-light receptors that evolved from bacterial photolyases that repair damaged DNA. Today, CRYs have lost their ability to repair damaged DNA; however, prior reports suggest that human CRYs can respond to DNA damage. Currently, the role of CRYs in the DNA damage response (DDR) is lacking, especially in plants. Therefore, we evaluated the role of plant CRYs in DDR along with UBP12/13 deubiquitinases, which interact with and regulate the CRY2 protein. We found that cry1cry2 was hypersensitive, while ubp12ubp13 was hyposensitive to UVC-induced DNA damage. Elevated UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the lack of DNA repair protein RAD51 accumulation in cry1cry2 plants indicate that CRYs are required for DNA repair. On the contrary, CPD levels diminished and RAD51 protein levels elevated in plants lacking UBP12 and UBP13, indicating their role in DDR repression. Temporal transcriptomic analysis revealed that DDR-induced transcriptional responses were subdued in cry1cry2, but elevated in ubp12ubp13 compared to WT. Through transcriptional modeling of the time-course transcriptome, we found that genes quickly induced by UVC (15 min) are targets of CAMTA 1-3 transcription factors, which we found are required for DDR. This transcriptional regulation seems, however, diminished in the cry1cry2 mutant, indicating that CAMTAs are required for CRY2-mediated DDR. Furthermore, we observed enhanced CRY2-UBP13 interaction and formation of CRY2 nuclear speckles under UVC, suggesting that UVC activates CRY2 similarly to blue light. Together, our data reveal the temporal dynamics of the transcriptional events underlying UVC-induced genotoxicity and expand our knowledge of the role of CRY and UBP12/13 in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Hu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Daniele Rosado
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Louise N. Lindbäck
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Julie Micko
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Ullas V. Pedmale
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
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Takatsuka H, Shibata A, Umeda M. Genome Maintenance Mechanisms at the Chromatin Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910384. [PMID: 34638727 PMCID: PMC8508675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is constantly threatened by internal and external stressors, in both animals and plants. As plants are sessile, a variety of environment stressors can damage their DNA. In the nucleus, DNA twines around histone proteins to form the higher-order structure “chromatin”. Unraveling how chromatin transforms on sensing genotoxic stress is, thus, key to understanding plant strategies to cope with fluctuating environments. In recent years, accumulating evidence in plant research has suggested that chromatin plays a crucial role in protecting DNA from genotoxic stress in three ways: (1) changes in chromatin modifications around damaged sites enhance DNA repair by providing a scaffold and/or easy access to DNA repair machinery; (2) DNA damage triggers genome-wide alterations in chromatin modifications, globally modulating gene expression required for DNA damage response, such as stem cell death, cell-cycle arrest, and an early onset of endoreplication; and (3) condensed chromatin functions as a physical barrier against genotoxic stressors to protect DNA. In this review, we highlight the chromatin-level control of genome stability and compare the regulatory systems in plants and animals to find out unique mechanisms maintaining genome integrity under genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Correspondence:
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