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Mei Y, Wang NN. New insights into the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38840567 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Cui Y, Ji X, Yu W, Liu Y, Bai Q, Su S. Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Validation of the ACS Gene Family in the Chestnut Reveals Its Regulatory Role in Ovule Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4454. [PMID: 38674037 PMCID: PMC11049808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovule abortion significantly contributes to a reduction in chestnut yield. Therefore, an examination of the mechanisms underlying ovule abortion is crucial for increasing chestnut yield. In our previous study, we conducted a comprehensive multiomic analysis of fertile and abortive ovules and found that ACS genes in chestnuts (CmACS) play a crucial role in ovule development. Therefore, to further study the function of ACS genes, a total of seven CmACS members were identified, their gene structures, conserved structural domains, evolutionary trees, chromosomal localization, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed, and their subcellular localization was predicted and verified. The spatiotemporal specificity of the expression of the seven CmACS genes was confirmed via qRT-PCR analysis. Notably, CmACS7 was exclusively expressed in the floral organs, and its expression peaked during fertilization and decreased after fertilization. The ACC levels remained consistently greater in fertile ovules than in abortive ovules. The ACSase activity of CmACS7 was identified using the genetic transformation of chestnut healing tissue. Micro Solanum lycopersicum plants overexpressing CmACS7 had a significantly greater rate of seed failure than did wild-type plants. Our results suggest that ovule fertilization activates CmACS7 and increases ACC levels, whereas an overexpression of CmACS7 leads to an increase in ACC content in the ovule prior to fertilization, which can lead to abortion. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that chestnut ovule abortion is caused by poor fertilization and not by nutritional competition. Optimization of the pollination and fertilization of female flowers is essential for increasing chestnut yield and reducing ovule abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingzhou Ji
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qian Bai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Zheng L, Gao S, Bai Y, Zeng H, Shi H. NF-YC15 transcription factor activates ethylene biosynthesis and improves cassava disease resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38600705 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors play important roles in plant development and physiological responses. However, the relationship between NF-Y, plant hormone and plant stress resistance in tropical crops remains unclear. In this study, we identified MeNF-YC15 gene in the NF-Y family that significantly responded to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) treatment. Using MeNF-YC15-silenced and -overexpressed cassava plants, we elucidated that MeNF-YC15 positively regulated disease resistance to cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Notably, we illustrated MeNF-YC15 downstream genes and revealed the direct genetic relationship between MeNF-YC15 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (MeACO1)-ethylene module in disease resistance, as evidenced by the rescued disease susceptibility of MeNF-YC15 silenced cassava plants with ethylene treatment or overexpressing MeACO1. In addition, the physical interaction between 2C-type protein phosphatase 1 (MePP2C1) and MeNF-YC15 inhibited the transcriptional activation of MeACO1 by MeNF-YC15. In summary, MePP2C1-MeNF-YC15 interaction modulates ethylene biosynthesis and cassava disease resistance, providing gene network for cassava genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan province, China
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Tripathi A, Chauhan N, Mukhopadhyay P. Recent advances in understanding the regulation of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis by ethylene-mediated pathways. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:543-557. [PMID: 38737326 PMCID: PMC11087406 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a large repertoire of secondary metabolites. The pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of these metabolites are majorly conserved in the plant kingdom. However, a significant portion of these metabolites are specific to certain groups or species due to variations in the downstream pathways and evolution of the enzymes. These metabolites show spatiotemporal variation in their accumulation and are of great importance to plants due to their role in development, stress response and survival. A large number of these metabolites are in huge industrial demand due to their potential use as therapeutics, aromatics and more. Ethylene, as a plant hormone is long known, and its biosynthetic process, signaling mechanism and effects on development and response pathways have been characterized in many plants. Through exogenous treatments, ethylene and its inhibitors have been used to manipulate the production of various secondary metabolites. However, the research done on a limited number of plants in the last few years has only started to uncover the mechanisms through which ethylene regulates the accumulation of these metabolites. Often in association with other hormones, ethylene participates in fine-tuning the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites, and brings specificity in the regulation depending on the plant, organ, tissue type and the prevailing conditions. This review summarizes the related studies, interprets the outcomes, and identifies the gaps that will help to breed better varieties of the related crops and produce high-value secondary metabolites for human benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Tripathi
- Plant Biotechnology division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015 India
| | - Nisha Chauhan
- Plant Biotechnology division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Pradipto Mukhopadhyay
- Plant Biotechnology division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Tang X, Liu R, Mei Y, Wang D, He K, Wang NN. Identification of Key Ubiquitination Sites Involved in the Proteasomal Degradation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2931. [PMID: 38474174 PMCID: PMC10931761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gaseous hormone ethylene plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis in seed plants is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS). ACS proteins are encoded by a multigene family and the expression of ACS genes is highly regulated, especially at a post-translational level. AtACS7, the only type III ACS in Arabidopsis, is degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Here, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, two lysine residues of AtACS7, lys285 (K285) and lys366 (K366), were revealed to be ubiquitin-modified in young, light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings but not in etiolated seedlings. Deubiquitylation-mimicking mutations of these residues significantly increased the stability of the AtACS7K285RK366R mutant protein in cell-free degradation assays. All results suggest that K285 and K366 are the major ubiquitination sites on AtACS7, providing deeper insights into the post-translational regulation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaixuan He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Khan S, Alvi AF, Saify S, Iqbal N, Khan NA. The Ethylene Biosynthetic Enzymes, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO): The Less Explored Players in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38254690 PMCID: PMC10813531 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an essential plant hormone, critical in various physiological processes. These processes include seed germination, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, and the plant's response to environmental stressors. Ethylene biosynthesis is tightly regulated by two key enzymes, namely 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). Initially, the prevailing hypothesis suggested that ACS is the limiting factor in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence from various studies has demonstrated that ACO, under specific circumstances, acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene production. Under normal developmental processes, ACS and ACO collaborate to maintain balanced ethylene production, ensuring proper plant growth and physiology. However, under abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, or pathogen attack, the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis becomes critical for plants' survival. This review highlights the structural characteristics and examines the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of ACS and ACO and their role under abiotic stress conditions. Reviews on the role of ethylene signaling in abiotic stress adaptation are available. However, a review delineating the role of ACS and ACO in abiotic stress acclimation is unavailable. Exploring how particular ACS and ACO isoforms contribute to a specific plant's response to various abiotic stresses and understanding how they are regulated can guide the development of focused strategies. These strategies aim to enhance a plant's ability to cope with environmental challenges more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sadaf Saify
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
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Sosa MB, Leeman JT, Washington LJ, Scheller HV, Chang MCY. Biosynthesis of Strained Amino Acids Through a PLP-Dependent Enzyme via Cryptic Halogenation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571568. [PMID: 38168212 PMCID: PMC10760155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are modular and modifiable building blocks which nature uses to synthesize both macromolecules, such as proteins, and small molecule natural products, such as alkaloids and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). While the 20 main proteinogenic AAs display relatively limited side-chain diversity, a wide range of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) exist that are not used by the ribosome for protein synthesis but contain a broad array of structural features and functional groups not found in proteinogenic AAs. In this communication, we report the discovery of the biosynthetic pathway for a new ncAA, pazamine, which contains a cyclopropane ring formed in two steps. In the first step, a chlorine is added onto the C4 position of lysine by a radical halogenase PazA. The cyclopropane ring is then formed in the next step by a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, PazB, via an SN2-like attack onto C4 to eliminate chloride. Genetic studies of this pathway in the native host, Pseudomonas azotoformans, show that pazamine and its succinylated derivative, pazamide, potentially inhibit ethylene biosynthesis in growing plants based on alterations in the root phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We further show that PazB can be utilized to make an alternative cyclobutane-containing AA. These discoveries may lead to advances in biocatalytic production of specialty chemicals and agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jacob T Leeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Lorenzo J Washington
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 and Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 and Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Ma L, Ma S, Chen G, Lu X, Wei R, Xu L, Feng X, Yang X, Chai Q, Zhang X, Li S. New insights into the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles in pea (Pisum sativum L.) from soil bacterial communities, root metabolism and gene transcription. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:226. [PMID: 37106450 PMCID: PMC10141910 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous cropping is a significant obstacle to sustainable development in the pea (Pisum sativum L.) industry, but the underlying mechanisms of this remain unclear. In this study, we used 16 S rDNA sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to analyze the response mechanism of roots and soil bacteria to continuous cropping and the relationship between soil bacteria and root phenotypes of different pea genotypes (Ding wan 10 and Yun wan 8). RESULTS Continuous cropping inhibited pea growth, with a greater effect on Ding wan 10 than Yun wan 8. Metabolomics showed that the number of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in pea roots increased with the number of continuous cropping, and more metabolic pathways were involved. Transcriptomics revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the number of continuous cropping. Continuous cropping altered the expression of genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signal transduction, and lignin synthesis pathways in pea roots, with more DEGs in Ding wan 10 than in Yun wan 8. The up-regulated expression of genes in the ethylene signal transduction pathway was evident in Ding wan 10. Soil bacterial diversity did not change, but the relative abundance of bacteria significantly responded to continuous cropping. Integrative analysis showed that the bacteria with significant relative abundance in the soil were strongly associated with the antioxidant synthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathway of pea roots under continuous cropping once. Under continuous cropping twice, the bacteria with significant relative abundance changes were strongly associated with cysteine and methionine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, linoleic acid, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. CONCLUSION Ding wan 10 was more sensitive to continuous cropping than Yun wan 8. Continuous cropping times and pea genotypes determined the differences in root metabolic pathways. There were common metabolic pathways in the two pea genotypes in response to continuous cropping, and the DEGs and DAMs in these metabolic pathways were strongly associated with the bacteria with significant changes in relative abundance in the soil. This study provides new insights into obstacles to continuous cropping in peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Guiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Ruonan Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xucheng Zhang
- Dryland Agricultural Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Xu C, Sun L, Mei Y, Sun G, Li W, Wang D, Li X, Wang NN. Domain Swapping between AtACS7 and PpACL1 Results in Chimeric ACS-like Proteins with ACS or C β-S Lyase Single Enzymatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032956. [PMID: 36769285 PMCID: PMC9917878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaseous hormone ethylene plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. In seed plants, the key rate-limiting enzyme that controls ethylene biosynthesis is ACC synthase (ACS). ACS has, for a long time, been believed to be a single-activity enzyme until we recently discovered that it also possesses Cβ-S lyase (CSL) activity. This discovery raises fundamental questions regarding the biological significance of the dual enzymatic activities of ACS. To address these issues, it is highly necessary to obtain ACS mutants with either ACS or CSL single activity. Here, domain swapping between Arabidopsis AtACS7 and moss CSL PpACL1 were performed. Enzymatic activity assays of the constructed chimeras revealed that, R10, which was produced by replacing AtACS7 box 6 with that of PpACL1, lost ACS but retained CSL activity, whereas R12 generated by box 4 substitution lost CSL and only had ACS activity. The activities of both chimeric proteins were compared with previously obtained single-activity mutants including R6, AtACS7Q98A, and AtACS7D245N. All the results provided new insights into the key residues required for ACS and CSL activities of AtACS7 and laid an important foundation for further in-depth study of the biological functions of its dual enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gongling Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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Li D, Dierschke T, Roden S, Chen K, Bowman JL, Chang C, Van de Poel B. A transporter of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid affects thallus growth and fertility in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2103-2114. [PMID: 36151927 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In seed plants, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the precursor of the plant hormone ethylene but also has ethylene-independent signaling roles. Nonseed plants produce ACC but do not efficiently convert it to ethylene. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ACC is transported by amino acid transporters, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER 1 (LHT1) and LHT2. In nonseed plants, LHT homologs have been uncharacterized. Here, we isolated an ACC-insensitive mutant (Mpain) that is defective in ACC uptake in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Mpain contained a frameshift mutation (1 bp deletion) in the MpLHT1 coding sequence, and was complemented by expression of a wild-type MpLHT1 transgene. Additionally, ACC insensitivity was re-created in CRISPR/Cas9-Mplht1 knockout mutants. We found that MpLHT1 can also transport l-hydroxyproline and l-histidine. We examined the physiological functions of MpLHT1 in vegetative growth and reproduction based on mutant phenotypes. Mpain and Mplht1 plants were smaller and developed fewer gemmae cups compared to wild-type plants. Mplht1 mutants also had reduced fertility, and archegoniophores displayed early senescence. These findings reveal that MpLHT1 serves as an ACC and amino acid transporter in M. polymorpha and has diverse physiological functions. We propose that MpLHT1 contributes to homeostasis of ACC and other amino acids in M. polymorpha growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stijn Roden
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), University of Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Effects of Trichoderma atroviride SG3403 and Bacillus subtilis 22 on the Biocontrol of Wheat Head Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121250. [PMID: 36547583 PMCID: PMC9780869 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the major wheat diseases in the world; therefore, it is very significant to develop an effective and environmentally friendly microbial fungicide against it. Trichoderma atroviride and Bacillus subtilis are widely applied biocontrol microorganisms with separate advantages; however, little work has been conducted for synergistically elevating the effects of biocontrol and plant promotion through the co-cultivation of the two microorganisms. Our study demonstrated that T. atroviride SG3403 is compatible with B. subtilis 22. The co-culture metabolites contained a group of antagonistic compounds which were able to inhibit F. graminearum growth and increase the activities of pathogen G protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as compared with axenic culture metabolites. Additionally, the co-culture metabolites enabled us to more significantly decrease the production of gibberellin (GA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) from F. graminearum, which disorganized the subcellular structure, particularly the cytoplasm of F. graminearum hyphae, relative to the axenically cultured metabolites. Furthermore, the seed-coating agent made by the co-culture had significant effects against F. graminearum infection by triggering the expression of host plant defensive genes, including PR1, PR3, PR4, PR5, ACS, and SOD. It is suggested that jasmonic acid and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling might dominate wheat's induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wheat head blight. A dry, powdered bio-seed coating agent containing the co-culture mixtures was confirmed to be a bioavailable formulation that can be applied to control wheat head blight. Taken together, the co-culture's metabolites or the metabolites and living cells might provide a basis for the further development of a new kind of microbial bio-fungicide in the future.
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Tong M, Wen CK. Rise of the ethylene biosynthesis machinery from the C β-S lyase. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:784-787. [PMID: 35405325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi-Kuang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Mu XR, Tong C, Fang XT, Bao QX, Xue LN, Meng WY, Liu CY, Loake GJ, Cao XY, Jiang JH, Meng LS. Feedback loop promotes sucrose accumulation in cotyledons to facilitate sugar-ethylene signaling-mediated, etiolated-seedling greening. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110529. [PMID: 35294871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De-etiolation is indispensable for seedling survival and development. However, how sugars regulate de-etiolation and how sugars induce ethylene (ET) for seedlings to grow out of soil remain elusive. Here, we reveal how a sucrose (Suc) feedback loop promotes de-etiolation by inducing ET biosynthesis. Under darkness, Suc in germinating seeds preferentially induces 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS7; encoding a key ET biosynthesis enzyme) and associated ET biosynthesis, thereby activating ET core component ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3). Activated EIN3 directly inhibits the function of Suc transporter 2 (SUC2; a major Suc transporter) to block Suc export from cotyledons and thereby elevate Suc accumulation of cotyledons to induce ET. Under light, ET-activated EIN3 directly inhibits the function of phytochrome A (phyA; a de-etiolation inhibitor) to promote de-etiolation. We therefore propose that under darkness, the Suc feedback loop (Suc-ACS7-EIN3-|SUC2-Suc) promotes Suc accumulation in cotyledons to guarantee ET biosynthesis, facilitate de-etiolation, and enable seedlings to grow out of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Tang Fang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Xin Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ying Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Jiangsu Normal University, Edinburgh University, Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China; Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Xiao-Ying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Hong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lai-Sheng Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China.
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