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Rose HM, Ferrán B, Ranjit R, Masingale AM, Owen DB, Hussong S, Kinter MT, Galvan V, Logan S, Díaz-García CM. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency in dentate granule cells remodels neuronal metabolism and impairs reversal learning. J Neurochem 2024; 168:592-607. [PMID: 37415312 PMCID: PMC10770303 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the main route of calcium (Ca2+) entry into neuronal mitochondria. This channel has been linked to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death under neurotoxic conditions, but its physiologic roles for normal brain function remain poorly understood. Despite high expression of MCU in excitatory hippocampal neurons, it is unknown whether this channel is required for learning and memory. Here, we genetically down-regulated the Mcu gene in dentate granule cells (DGCs) of the hippocampus and found that this manipulation increases the overall respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II, augmenting the generation of reactive oxygen species in the context of impaired electron transport chain. The metabolic remodeling of MCU-deficient neurons also involved changes in the expression of enzymes that participate in glycolysis and the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as the cellular antioxidant defenses. We found that MCU deficiency in DGCs does not change circadian rhythms, spontaneous exploratory behavior, or cognitive function in middle-aged mice (11-13 months old), when assessed with a food-motivated working memory test with three choices. DGC-targeted down-regulation of MCU significantly impairs reversal learning assessed with an 8-arm radial arm water maze but does not affect their ability to learn the task for the first time. Our results indicate that neuronal MCU plays an important physiologic role in memory formation and may be a potential therapeutic target to develop interventions aimed at improving cognitive function in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadyn M Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Beatriz Ferrán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anthony M Masingale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel B Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stacy Hussong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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2
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Brooker SM, Naylor GE, Krainc D. Cell biology of Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms of synaptic, lysosomal, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102841. [PMID: 38306948 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a growing cause of disability worldwide and there is a critical need for the development of disease-modifying therapies to slow or stop disease progression. Recent advances in characterizing the genetics of PD have expanded our understanding of the cell biology of this disorder. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, defects in synaptic function, and impaired lysosomal activity have been shown to be linked in PD, resulting in a pathogenic feedback cycle involving the accumulation of toxic oxidized dopamine and alpha-synuclein. In this review, we will highlight recent data on a subset of PD-linked genes which have key roles in these pathways and the pathogenic cycle. We will furthermore discuss findings highlighting the importance of dynamic mitochondria-lysosome contact sites that mediate direct inter-organelle cross-talk in the pathogenesis of PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brooker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. https://twitter.com/BrookerSarahM
| | - Grace E Naylor
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. https://twitter.com/GENaylor
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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3
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Ellioff KJ, Osting SM, Lentine A, Welper AD, Burger C, Greenspan DS. Ablation of Mitochondrial RCC1-L Induces Nigral Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and Parkinsonian-like Motor Symptoms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.01.567409. [PMID: 38585782 PMCID: PMC10996473 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.567409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to both idiopathic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously identified RCC1-like (RCC1L) as a protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane important to mitochondrial fusion. Herein, to test whether deficits in RCC1L mitochondrial function might be involved in PD pathology, we have selectively ablated the Rcc1l gene in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of mice. A PD-like phenotype resulted that includes progressive movement abnormalities, paralleled by progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract. Experimental and control groups were examined at 2, 3-4, and 5-6 months of age. Animals were tested in the open field task to quantify anxiety, exploratory drive, locomotion, and immobility; and in the cylinder test to quantify rearing behavior. Beginning at 3-4 months, both female and male Rcc1l knockout mice show rigid muscles and resting tremor, kyphosis and a growth deficit compared with heterozygous or wild type littermate controls. Rcc1l knockout mice begin showing locomotor impairments at 3-4 months, which progress until 5-6 months of age, at which age the Rcc1l knockout mice die. The progressive motor impairments were associated with progressive and significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and dramatic loss of nigral DA projections in the striatum. Dystrophic spherical mitochondria are apparent in the soma of SNc neurons in Rcc1l knockout mice as early as 1.5-2.5 months of age and become progressively more pronounced until 5-6 months. Together, the results reveal the RCC1L protein to be essential to in vivo mitochondrial function in DA neurons. Further characterization of this mouse model will determine whether it represents a new model for in vivo study of PD, and the putative role of the human RCC1L gene as a risk factor that might increase PD occurrence and severity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin J. Ellioff
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 53706
- Present Address, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195
| | | | - Alyssa Lentine
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Ashley D. Welper
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 53705
| | - Corinna Burger
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 53706
| | - Daniel S. Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 53705
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4
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Neha, Mazahir I, Khan SA, Kaushik P, Parvez S. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopamine Agonists as an Effective Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8. [PMID: 38468113 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment with a slower rate of advancement that is more common in older adults. The biggest risk factor for PD is getting older, and those over 60 have an exponentially higher incidence of this condition. The failure of the mitochondrial electron chain, changes in the dynamics of the mitochondria, and abnormalities in calcium and ion homeostasis are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and an energy deficit are linked to these alterations. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a medication that is typically used to treat most PD patients, but because of its negative effects, additional medications have been created utilizing L-DOPA as the parent molecule. Ergot and non-ergot derivatives make up most PD medications. PD is successfully managed with the use of dopamine agonists (DA). To get around the motor issues produced by L-DOPA, these dopamine derivatives can directly excite DA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. In the past 10 years, two non-ergoline DA with strong binding properties for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and a preference for the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) subtype, ropinirole, and pramipexole (PPx) have been developed for the treatment of PD. This review covers the most recent research on the efficacy and safety of non-ergot drugs like ropinirole and PPx as supplementary therapy to DOPA for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Iqra Mazahir
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sara Akhtar Khan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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5
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Rademacher K, Nakamura K. Role of dopamine neuron activity in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114645. [PMID: 38092187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is finely tuned to produce normal behaviors, and disruptions in activity likely occur early in the course of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, how neural activity is altered, and how these changes influence neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here, we focus on evidence that the activity of dopamine neurons is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), either as a compensatory response to degeneration or as a result of circuit dynamics or pathologic proteins, based on available human data and studies in animal models of PD. We then discuss how this abnormal activity may augment other neurotoxic phenomena in PD, including mitochondrial deficits, protein aggregation and spread, dopamine toxicity, and excitotoxicity. A more complete picture of how activity is altered and the resulting effects on dopaminergic neuron health and function may inform future therapeutic interventions to target and protect dopamine neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rademacher
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
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6
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Brimblecombe KR, Connor-Robson N, Bataille CJR, Roberts BM, Gracie C, O'Connor B, Te Water Naude R, Karthik G, Russell AJ, Wade-Martins R, Cragg SJ. Inhibition of striatal dopamine release by the L-type calcium channel inhibitor isradipine co-varies with risk factors for Parkinson's. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1242-1259. [PMID: 37941514 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ entry into nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons and axons via L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) contributes, respectively, to pacemaker activity and DA release and has long been thought to contribute to vulnerability to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. LTCC function is greater in DA axons and neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta than from ventral tegmental area, but this is not explained by channel expression level. We tested the hypothesis that LTCC control of DA release is governed rather by local mechanisms, focussing on candidate biological factors known to operate differently between types of DA neurons and/or be associated with their differing vulnerability to parkinsonism, including biological sex, α-synuclein, DA transporters (DATs) and calbindin-D28k (Calb1). We detected evoked DA release ex vivo in mouse striatal slices using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and assessed LTCC support of DA release by detecting the inhibition of DA release by the LTCC inhibitors isradipine or CP8. Using genetic knockouts or pharmacological manipulations, we identified that striatal LTCC support of DA release depended on multiple intersecting factors, in a regionally and sexually divergent manner. LTCC function was promoted by factors associated with Parkinsonian risk, including male sex, α-synuclein, DAT and a dorsolateral co-ordinate, but limited by factors associated with protection, that is, female sex, glucocerebrosidase activity, Calb1 and ventromedial co-ordinate. Together, these data show that LTCC function in DA axons and isradipine effect are locally governed and suggest they vary in a manner that in turn might impact on, or reflect, the cellular stress that leads to parkinsonian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Brimblecombe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Connor-Robson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bradley M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caitlin Gracie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bethan O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gayathri Karthik
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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7
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Watanabe H, Dijkstra JM, Nagatsu T. Parkinson's Disease: Cells Succumbing to Lifelong Dopamine-Related Oxidative Stress and Other Bioenergetic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2009. [PMID: 38396687 PMCID: PMC10888576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The core pathological event in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the specific dying of dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The reasons why SNc DA neurons are especially vulnerable and why idiopathic PD has only been found in humans are still puzzling. The two main underlying factors of SNc DA neuron vulnerability appear related to high DA production, namely (i) the toxic effects of cytoplasmic DA metabolism and (ii) continuous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in the absence of the Ca2+-buffer protein calbindin. Both factors cause oxidative stress by producing highly reactive quinones and increasing intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, respectively. High DA expression in human SNc DA neuron cell bodies is suggested by the abundant presence of the DA-derived pigment neuromelanin, which is not found in such abundance in other species and has been associated with toxicity at higher levels. The oxidative stress created by their DA production system, despite the fact that the SN does not use unusually high amounts of energy, explains why SNc DA neurons are sensitive to various genetic and environmental factors that create mitochondrial damage and thereby promote PD. Aging increases multiple risk factors for PD, and, to a large extent, PD is accelerated aging. To prevent PD neurodegeneration, possible approaches that are discussed here are (1) reducing cytoplasmic DA accumulation, (2) blocking cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations, and (3) providing bioenergetic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Johannes M. Dijkstra
- Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
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8
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Yang S, Niou ZX, Enriquez A, LaMar J, Huang JY, Ling K, Jafar-Nejad P, Gilley J, Coleman MP, Tennessen JM, Rangaraju V, Lu HC. NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38282024 PMCID: PMC10823734 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic maladaptations and axonopathy are often found in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential cofactor for energy metabolism, is mainly synthesized by Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) in CNS neurons. NMNAT2 mRNA levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Here we addressed whether NMNAT2 is required for axonal health of cortical glutamatergic neurons, whose long-projecting axons are often vulnerable in neurodegenerative conditions. We also tested if NMNAT2 maintains axonal health by ensuring axonal ATP levels for axonal transport, critical for axonal function. METHODS We generated mouse and cultured neuron models to determine the impact of NMNAT2 loss from cortical glutamatergic neurons on axonal transport, energetic metabolism, and morphological integrity. In addition, we determined if exogenous NAD supplementation or inhibiting a NAD hydrolase, sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1), prevented axonal deficits caused by NMNAT2 loss. This study used a combination of techniques, including genetics, molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, fluorescent time-lapse imaging, live imaging with optical sensors, and anti-sense oligos. RESULTS We provide in vivo evidence that NMNAT2 in glutamatergic neurons is required for axonal survival. Using in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that NMNAT2 maintains the NAD-redox potential to provide "on-board" ATP via glycolysis to vesicular cargos in distal axons. Exogenous NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2 KO neurons restores glycolysis and resumes fast axonal transport. Finally, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that reducing the activity of SARM1, an NAD degradation enzyme, can reduce axonal transport deficits and suppress axon degeneration in NMNAT2 KO neurons. CONCLUSION NMNAT2 ensures axonal health by maintaining NAD redox potential in distal axons to ensure efficient vesicular glycolysis required for fast axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zhen-Xian Niou
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Andrea Enriquez
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jacob LaMar
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jui-Yen Huang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855, Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Paymaan Jafar-Nejad
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855, Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Jonathan Gilley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Vidhya Rangaraju
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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9
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Mesirca P, Chemin J, Barrère C, Torre E, Gallot L, Monteil A, Bidaud I, Diochot S, Lazdunski M, Soong TW, Barrère-Lemaire S, Mangoni ME, Nargeot J. Selective blockade of Ca v1.2 (α1C) versus Ca v1.3 (α1D) L-type calcium channels by the black mamba toxin calciseptine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:54. [PMID: 38167790 PMCID: PMC10762068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in multiple physiological functions. Currently available antagonists do not discriminate between L-type channel isoforms. Importantly, no selective blocker is available to dissect the role of L-type isoforms Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 that are concomitantly co-expressed in the heart, neuroendocrine and neuronal cells. Here we show that calciseptine, a snake toxin purified from mamba venom, selectively blocks Cav1.2 -mediated L-type calcium currents (ICaL) at concentrations leaving Cav1.3-mediated ICaL unaffected in both native cardiac myocytes and HEK-293T cells expressing recombinant Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels. Functionally, calciseptine potently inhibits cardiac contraction without altering the pacemaker activity in sino-atrial node cells, underscoring differential roles of Cav1.2- and Cav1.3 in cardiac contractility and automaticity. In summary, calciseptine is a selective L-type Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel blocker and should be a valuable tool to dissect the role of these L-channel isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France.
| | - Jean Chemin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Christian Barrère
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Eleonora Torre
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Laura Gallot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Isabelle Bidaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Sylvie Diochot
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire "Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain"), F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Michel Lazdunski
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire "Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain"), F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France.
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10
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Wang T, Chen S, Mao Z, Shang Y, Brinton RD. Allopregnanolone pleiotropic action in neurons and astrocytes: calcium signaling as a unifying mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286931. [PMID: 38189047 PMCID: PMC10771836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Allopregnanolone (Allo) is a neurosteroid with pleiotropic action in the brain that includes neurogenesis, oligogenesis, human and rodent neural stem cell regeneration, increased glucose metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, improved cognitive function, and reduction of both inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Because the breadth of Allo-induced responses requires activation of multiple systems of biology in the absence of an Allo-specific nuclear receptor, analyses were conducted in both neurons and astrocytes to identify unifying systems and signaling pathways. Methods Mechanisms of Allo action were investigated in embryonic hippocampal neurons and astrocytes cultured in an Aging Model (AM) media. Cellular morphology, mitochondrial function, and transcriptomics were investigated followed by mechanistic pathway analyses. Results In hippocampal neurons, Allo significantly increased neurite outgrowth and synaptic protein expression, which were paralleled by upregulated synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, Allo induced Ca2+/CREB signaling cascades. In parallel, Allo significantly increased maximal mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Complex IV activity while reducing oxidative stress, which required both the GABAA and L-type Ca2+ channels. In astrocytes, Allo increased ATP generation, mitochondrial function and dynamics while reducing oxidative stress, inflammasome indicators, and apoptotic signaling. Mechanistically, Allo regulation of astrocytic mitochondrial function required both the GABAA and L-type Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, Allo activated NRF1-TFAM signaling and increased the DRP1/OPA1 protein ratio, which led to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Conclusion Collectively, the cellular, mitochondrial, transcriptional, and pharmacological profiles provide evidence in support of calcium signaling as a unifying mechanism for Allo pleiotropic actions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Zisu Mao
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yuan Shang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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11
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Geibl FF, Henrich MT, Xie Z, Zampese E, Tkatch T, Wokosin DL, Nasiri E, Grotmann CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Chandel NS, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ. α-Synuclein pathology disrupts mitochondrial function in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons at-risk in Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571045. [PMID: 38168401 PMCID: PMC10759995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Pathological accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (aSYN) is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms by which intracellular aSYN pathology contributes to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain are still unclear. A potentially relevant target of aSYN is the mitochondrion. To test this hypothesis, genetic and physiological methods were used to monitor mitochondrial function in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons after stereotaxic injection of aSYN pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse brain. Methods aSYN PPFs were stereotaxically injected into the SNc or PPN of mice. Twelve weeks later, mice were studied using a combination of approaches, including immunocytochemical analysis, cell- type specific transcriptomic profiling, electron microscopy, electrophysiology and two-photon-laser- scanning microscopy of genetically encoded sensors for bioenergetic and redox status. Results In addition to inducing a significant neuronal loss, SNc injection of PFFs induced the formation of intracellular, phosphorylated aSYN aggregates selectively in dopaminergic neurons. In these neurons, PFF-exposure decreased mitochondrial gene expression, reduced the number of mitochondria, increased oxidant stress, and profoundly disrupted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Consistent with an aSYN-induced bioenergetic deficit, the autonomous spiking of dopaminergic neurons slowed or stopped. PFFs also up-regulated lysosomal gene expression and increased lysosomal abundance, leading to the formation of Lewy-like inclusions. Similar changes were observed in PPN cholinergic neurons following aSYN PFF exposure. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, and the subsequent bioenergetic deficit, is a proximal step in the cascade of events induced by aSYN pathology leading to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons at-risk in PD.
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12
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Sharma B, Koren DT, Ghosh S. Nitric oxide modulates NMDA receptor through a negative feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamical behavior of neuronal postsynaptic components. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107114. [PMID: 37832215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important regulator of neurological processes in the central nervous system which acts directly on the presynaptic neuron and enhances the release of neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Calcium influx activates a cascade of biochemical reactions to influence the production of nitric oxide in the postsynaptic neuron. This has been modeled in the present work as a system of ordinary differential equations, to explore the dynamics of the interacting components and predict the dynamical behavior of the postsynaptic neuron. It has been hypothesized that nitric oxide modulates the NMDA receptor via a feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamic behavior of postsynaptic components. Results obtained by numerical analyses indicate that the biochemical system is stimulus-dependent and shows oscillations of calcium and other components within a limited range of concentration. Some of the parameters such as stimulus strength, extracellular calcium concentration, and rate of nitric oxide feedback are crucial for the dynamics of the components in the postsynaptic neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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13
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Henrich MT, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ, Geibl FF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:83. [PMID: 37951933 PMCID: PMC10640762 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, antidiabetic drugs, and iron chelators, have failed in disease-modification clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the cellular determinants of mitochondrial dysfunction, including impairment of electron transport chain complex 1, increased oxidative stress, disturbed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and cellular bioenergetic deficiency. In addition, we outline mitochondrial pathways to neurodegeneration in the current context of PD pathogenesis, and review past and current treatment strategies in an attempt to better understand why translational efforts thus far have been unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Henrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Tubert C, Zampese E, Pancani T, Tkatch T, Surmeier DJ. Feed-forward metabotropic signaling by Cav1 Ca 2+ channels supports pacemaking in pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106328. [PMID: 37852390 PMCID: PMC10792542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Like a handful of other neuronal types in the brain, cholinergic neurons (CNs) in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are lost during Parkinson's disease (PD). Why this is the case is unknown. One neuronal trait implicated in PD selective neuronal vulnerability is the engagement of feed-forward stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet high bioenergetic demand, leading to sustained oxidant stress and ultimately degeneration. The extent to which this trait is shared by PPN CNs is unresolved. To address this question, a combination of molecular and physiological approaches were used. These studies revealed that PPN CNs are autonomous pacemakers with modest spike-associated cytosolic Ca2+ transients. These Ca2+ transients were partly attributable to the opening of high-threshold Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, but not Cav1.3 channels. Cav1.2 channel signaling through endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptors stimulated mitochondrial OXPHOS to help maintain cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels necessary for pacemaking. Inhibition of Cav1.2 channels led to the recruitment of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and the slowing of pacemaking. A 'side-effect' of Cav1.2 channel-mediated stimulation of mitochondria was increased oxidant stress. Thus, PPN CNs have a distinctive physiological phenotype that shares some, but not all, of the features of other neurons that are selectively vulnerable in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tubert
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Zampese
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - T Pancani
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - T Tkatch
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D J Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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15
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Huang J, He J, Wang J, Li Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Kang Y, Xue P. Calcium carbonate-actuated ion homeostasis perturbator for oxidative damage-augmented Ca 2+/Mg 2+ interference therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122340. [PMID: 37774552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis distortion through exogenous overload or underload of intracellular ion species has become an arresting therapeutic approach against malignant tumor. Nevertheless, treatment outcomes of such ion interference are always compromised by the intrinsic ion homeostasis maintenance systems in cancer cells. Herein, an ion homeostasis perturbator (CTC) is facilely designed by co-encapsulation of carvacrol (CAR) and meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) into pH-sensitive nano-CaCO3, aiming to disrupt the self-defense mechanism during the process of ion imbalance. Upon the endocytosis of CTC into tumor cells, lysosomal acidity can render the decomposition of CaCO3, resulting in the instant Ca2+ overload and CO2 generation in cytoplasm. Simultaneously, CaCO3 disintegration triggers the release of CAR and TCPP, which are devoted to TRPM7 inhibition and sonosensitization, respectively. The malfunction of TRPM7 can impede the influx of Mg2+ and allow unrestricted influx of Ca2+ based on the antagonism relationship between Mg2+ and Ca2+, leading to an aggravated Ca2+/Mg2+ dyshomeostasis through ion channel deactivation. In another aspect, US-triggered cavitation can be significantly enhanced by the presence of inert CO2 microbubbles, further amplifying the generation of reactive oxygen species. Such oxidative damage-augmented Ca2+/Mg2+ interference therapy effectively impairs the mitochondrial function of tumor, which may provide useful insights in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yongcan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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16
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Peggion C, Barazzuol L, Poggio E, Calì T, Brini M. Ca 2+ signalling: A common language for organelles crosstalk in Parkinson's disease. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102783. [PMID: 37597300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms. Familial PD is linked with genetic mutations in genes whose products are either associated with mitochondrial function or endo-lysosomal pathways. Of note, mitochondria are essential to sustain high energy demanding synaptic activity of neurons and alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegenerative process, although the mechanisms responsible for the selective loss of specific neuronal populations in the different neurodegenerative diseases is still not clear. Here, we specifically discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial communication with the other organelles occurring at regions where their membranes become in close contact. We discuss the nature and the role of contact sites that mitochondria establish with ER, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, and how PD related proteins participate in the regulation/dysregulation of the tethering complexes. Unravelling molecular details of mitochondria tethering could contribute to identify specific therapeutic targets and develop new strategies to counteract the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Italy.
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17
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Tubert C, Zampese E, Pancani T, Tkatch T, Surmeier DJ. Feed-forward metabotropic signaling by Cav1 Ca 2+ channels supports pacemaking in pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.05.552108. [PMID: 37609299 PMCID: PMC10441306 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.05.552108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Like a handful of other neuronal types in the brain, cholinergic neurons (CNs) in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are lost in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD). Why this is the case is unknown. One neuronal trait implicated in PD selective neuronal vulnerability is the engagement of feed-forward stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet high bioenergetic demand, leading to sustained oxidant stress and ultimately degeneration. The extent to which this trait is shared by PPN CNs is unresolved. To address this question, a combination of molecular and physiological approaches were used. These studies revealed that PPN CNs are autonomous pacemakers with modest spike-associated cytosolic Ca 2+ transients. These Ca 2+ transients were attributable in part to the opening of high-threshold Cav1.2 Ca 2+ channels, but not Cav1.3 channels. Nevertheless, Cav1.2 channel signaling through endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptors stimulated mitochondrial OXPHOS to help maintain cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels necessary for pacemaking. Inhibition of Cav1.2 channels led to recruitment of ATP-sensitive K + channels and slowing of pacemaking. Cav1.2 channel-mediated stimulation of mitochondria increased oxidant stress. Thus, PPN CNs have a distinctive physiological phenotype that shares some, but not all, of the features of other neurons that are selectively vulnerable in PD.
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18
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López-Doménech G, Kittler JT. Mitochondrial regulation of local supply of energy in neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102747. [PMID: 37392672 PMCID: PMC11139648 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain computation is metabolically expensive and requires the supply of significant amounts of energy. Mitochondria are highly specialized organelles whose main function is to generate cellular energy. Due to their complex morphologies, neurons are especially dependent on a set of tools necessary to regulate mitochondrial function locally in order to match energy provision with local demands. By regulating mitochondrial transport, neurons control the local availability of mitochondrial mass in response to changes in synaptic activity. Neurons also modulate mitochondrial dynamics locally to adjust metabolic efficiency with energetic demand. Additionally, neurons remove inefficient mitochondria through mitophagy. Neurons coordinate these processes through signalling pathways that couple energetic expenditure with energy availability. When these mechanisms fail, neurons can no longer support brain function giving rise to neuropathological states like metabolic syndromes or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Doménech
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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19
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Markina AA, Kazanskaya RB, Timoshina JA, Zavialov VA, Abaimov DA, Volnova AB, Fedorova TN, Gainetdinov RR, Lopachev AV. Na +,K +-ATPase and Cardiotonic Steroids in Models of Dopaminergic System Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1820. [PMID: 37509460 PMCID: PMC10377002 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, enough evidence has accumulated to assert that cardiotonic steroids, Na+,K+-ATPase ligands, play an integral role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. However, little is known about the function of these compounds in the central nervous system. Endogenous cardiotonic steroids are involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder, which are linked to dopaminergic system dysfunction. Animal models have shown that the cardiotonic steroid ouabain induces mania-like behavior through dopamine-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, mutations in the alpha subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase lead to the development of neurological pathologies. Evidence from animal models confirms the neurological consequences of mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit. This review is dedicated to discussing the role of cardiotonic steroids and Na+,K+-ATPase in dopaminergic system pathologies-both the evidence supporting their involvement and potential pathways along which they may exert their effects are evaluated. Since there is an association between affective disorders accompanied by functional alterations in the dopaminergic system and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, we extend our discussion to the role of Na+,K+-ATPase and cardiotonic steroids in neurodegenerative diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Markina
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rogneda B Kazanskaya
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A Timoshina
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav A Zavialov
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis A Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Volnova
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Fedorova
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg University Hospital, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Lopachev
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Barros LF, Ruminot I, Sandoval PY, San Martín A. Enlightening brain energy metabolism. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106211. [PMID: 37352985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue metabolism is distributed across several cell types and subcellular compartments, which activate at different times and with different temporal patterns. The introduction of genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators that are imaged using time-lapse microscopy has opened the possibility of studying brain metabolism at cellular and sub-cellular levels. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides, which inform about relative levels, concentrations and fluxes. This review offers a brief survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in brain cells, with some illustrative examples from the literature. Whereas only a small fraction of the metabolome is currently accessible to fluorescent probes, there are grounds to be optimistic about coming developments and the application of these tools to the study of brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de La Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de La Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de La Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
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21
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Yang S, Niou ZX, Enriquez A, LaMar J, Huang JY, Ling K, Jafar-Nejad P, Gilley J, Coleman MP, Tennessen JM, Rangaraju V, Lu HC. NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2859584. [PMID: 37292715 PMCID: PMC10246254 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2859584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Bioenergetic maladaptations and axonopathy are often found in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential cofactor for energy metabolism, is mainly synthesized by Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) in CNS neurons. NMNAT2 mRNA levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Here we addressed whether NMNAT2 is required for axonal health of cortical glutamatergic neurons, whose long-projecting axons are often vulnerable in neurodegenerative conditions. We also tested if NMNAT2 maintains axonal health by ensuring axonal ATP levels for axonal transport, critical for axonal function. Methods We generated mouse and cultured neuron models to determine the impact of NMNAT2 loss from cortical glutamatergic neurons on axonal transport, energetic metabolism, and morphological integrity. In addition, we determined if exogenous NAD supplementation or inhibiting a NAD hydrolase, sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1), prevented axonal deficits caused by NMNAT2 loss. This study used a combination of genetics, molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, fluorescent time-lapse imaging, live imaging with optical sensors, and anti-sense oligos. Results We provide in vivo evidence that NMNAT2 in glutamatergic neurons is required for axonal survival. Using in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that NMNAT2 maintains the NAD-redox potential to provide "on-board" ATP via glycolysis to vesicular cargos in distal axons. Exogenous NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2 KO neurons restores glycolysis and resumes fast axonal transport. Finally, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that reducing the activity of SARM1, an NAD degradation enzyme, can reduce axonal transport deficits and suppress axon degeneration in NMNAT2 KO neurons. Conclusion NMNAT2 ensures axonal health by maintaining NAD redox potential in distal axons to ensure efficient vesicular glycolysis required for fast axonal transport.
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22
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Lebedeva OS, Sharova EI, Grekhnev DA, Skorodumova LO, Kopylova IV, Vassina EM, Oshkolova A, Novikova IV, Krisanova AV, Olekhnovich EI, Vigont VA, Kaznacheyeva EV, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA. An Efficient 2D Protocol for Differentiation of iPSCs into Mature Postmitotic Dopaminergic Neurons: Application for Modeling Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087297. [PMID: 37108456 PMCID: PMC10139404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
About 15% of patients with parkinsonism have a hereditary form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies on the early stages of PD pathogenesis are challenging due to the lack of relevant models. The most promising ones are models based on dopaminergic neurons (DAns) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with hereditary forms of PD. This work describes a highly efficient 2D protocol for obtaining DAns from iPSCs. The protocol is rather simple, comparable in efficiency with previously published protocols, and does not require viral vectors. The resulting neurons have a similar transcriptome profile to previously published data for neurons, and have a high level of maturity marker expression. The proportion of sensitive (SOX6+) DAns in the population calculated from the level of gene expression is higher than resistant (CALB+) DAns. Electrophysiological studies of the DAns confirmed their voltage sensitivity and showed that a mutation in the PARK8 gene is associated with enhanced store-operated calcium entry. The study of high-purity DAns differentiated from the iPSCs of patients with hereditary PD using this differentiation protocol will allow for investigators to combine various research methods, from patch clamp to omics technologies, and maximize information about cell function in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Lebedeva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Sharova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Grekhnev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liubov O Skorodumova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kopylova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M Vassina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, GSP-1, Gubkina St., 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Oshkolova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iuliia V Novikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena V Krisanova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgenii I Olekhnovich
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vigont
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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23
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del Arco A, González-Moreno L, Pérez-Liébana I, Juaristi I, González-Sánchez P, Contreras L, Pardo B, Satrústegui J. Regulation of neuronal energy metabolism by calcium: Role of MCU and Aralar/malate-aspartate shuttle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119468. [PMID: 36997074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a major regulator of cellular metabolism. Calcium controls mitochondrial respiration, and calcium signaling is used to meet cellular energetic demands through energy production in the organelle. Although it has been widely assumed that Ca2+-actions require its uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), alternative pathways modulated by cytosolic Ca2+ have been recently proposed. Recent findings have indicated a role for cytosolic Ca2+ signals acting on mitochondrial NADH shuttles in the control of cellular metabolism in neurons using glucose as fuel. It has been demonstrated that AGC1/Aralar, the component of the malate/aspartate shuttle (MAS) regulated by cytosolic Ca2+, participates in the maintenance of basal respiration exerted through Ca2+-fluxes between ER and mitochondria, whereas mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake by MCU does not contribute. Aralar/MAS pathway, activated by small cytosolic Ca2+ signals, provides in fact substrates, redox equivalents and pyruvate, fueling respiration. Upon activation and increases in workload, neurons upregulate OxPhos, cytosolic pyruvate production and glycolysis, together with glucose uptake, in a Ca2+-dependent way, and part of this upregulation is via Ca2+ signaling. Both MCU and Aralar/MAS contribute to OxPhos upregulation, Aralar/MAS playing a major role, especially at small and submaximal workloads. Ca2+ activation of Aralar/MAS, by increasing cytosolic NAD+/NADH provides Ca2+-dependent increases in glycolysis and cytosolic pyruvate production priming respiration as a feed-forward mechanism in response to workload. Thus, except for glucose uptake, these processes are dependent on Aralar/MAS, whereas MCU is the relevant target for Ca2+ signaling when MAS is bypassed, by using pyruvate or β-hydroxybutyrate as substrates.
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24
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Vilas-Boas EA, Cabral-Costa JV, Ramos VM, Caldeira da Silva CC, Kowaltowski AJ. Goldilocks calcium concentrations and the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation: Too much, too little, or just right. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102904. [PMID: 36642177 PMCID: PMC9947387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator in diverse intracellular signaling pathways and has long been implicated in metabolic control and mitochondrial function. Mitochondria can actively take up large amounts of Ca2+, thereby acting as important intracellular Ca2+ buffers and affecting cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Excessive mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ is known to be deleterious due to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and consequent membrane potential dissipation, leading to mitochondrial swelling, rupture, and cell death. Moderate Ca2+ within the organelle, on the other hand, can directly or indirectly activate mitochondrial matrix enzymes, possibly impacting on ATP production. Here, we aimed to determine in a quantitative manner if extra- or intramitochondrial Ca2+ modulates oxidative phosphorylation in mouse liver mitochondria and intact hepatocyte cell lines. To do so, we monitored the effects of more modest versus supraphysiological increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ on oxygen consumption rates. Isolated mitochondria present increased respiratory control ratios (a measure of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency) when incubated with low (2.4 ± 0.6 μM) and medium (22.0 ± 2.4 μM) Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of complex I-linked substrates pyruvate plus malate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively, but not complex II-linked succinate. In intact cells, both low and high cytosolic Ca2+ led to decreased respiratory rates, while ideal rates were present under physiological conditions. High Ca2+ decreased mitochondrial respiration in a substrate-dependent manner, mediated by mPTP. Overall, our results uncover a Goldilocks effect of Ca2+ on liver mitochondria, with specific "just right" concentrations that activate oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Victor Cabral-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Yu SB, Sanchez RG, Papich ZD, Whisenant TC, Ghassemian M, Koberstein JN, Stewart ML, Pekkurnaz G. Neuronal activity-driven O-GlcNAcylation promotes mitochondrial plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523512. [PMID: 36711626 PMCID: PMC9882081 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity is an energy-intensive process that is largely sustained by instantaneous fuel utilization and ATP synthesis. However, how neurons couple ATP synthesis rate to fuel availability is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic sensor enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase regulates neuronal activity-driven mitochondrial bioenergetics. We show that neuronal activity upregulates O-GlcNAcylation mainly in mitochondria. Mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation is promoted by activity-driven fuel consumption, which allows neurons to compensate for high energy expenditure based on fuel availability. To determine the proteins that are responsible for these adjustments, we mapped the mitochondrial O-GlcNAcome of neurons. Finally, we determine that neurons fail to meet activity-driven metabolic demand when O-GlcNAcylation dynamics are prevented. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation provides a fuel-dependent feedforward control mechanism in neurons to optimize mitochondrial performance based on neuronal activity. This mechanism thereby couples neuronal metabolism to mitochondrial bioenergetics and plays a key role in sustaining energy homeostasis.
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26
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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