1
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Yang J, Chen Y, Rao Z, Zheng Z, Song C, Chen Y, Xiong K, Chen P, Zhang C, Wu W, Yu Y, Yu S. Tunable quantum dots in monolithic Fabry-Perot microcavities for high-performance single-photon sources. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:33. [PMID: 38291018 PMCID: PMC10828388 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced single quantum dots (QDs) are the main approach towards ultra-high-performance solid-state quantum light sources for scalable photonic quantum technologies. Nevertheless, harnessing the Purcell effect requires precise spectral and spatial alignment of the QDs' emission with the cavity mode, which is challenging for most cavities. Here we have successfully integrated miniaturized Fabry-Perot microcavities with a piezoelectric actuator, and demonstrated a bright single-photon source derived from a deterministically coupled QD within this microcavity. Leveraging the cavity-membrane structures, we have achieved large spectral tunability via strain tuning. On resonance, a high Purcell factor of ~9 is attained. The source delivers single photons with simultaneous high extraction efficiency of 0.58, high purity of 0.956(2) and high indistinguishability of 0.922(4). Together with its compact footprint, our scheme facilitates the scalable integration of indistinguishable quantum light sources on-chip, therefore removing a major barrier to the development of solid-state quantum information platforms based on QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixuan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaili Xiong
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
| | - Pingxing Chen
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang Q, Fan Q, Guan S, Li G, Zhang P, Zhang T. Realization of Strong Coupling between Deterministic Single-Atom Arrays and a High-Finesse Miniature Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:173601. [PMID: 37172253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between a one-dimensional (1D) single-atom array and a high-finesse miniature cavity. The atom array is obtained by loading single atoms into a 1D optical tweezer array with dimensions of 1×11. Therefore, a deterministic number of atoms is obtained, and the atom number is determined by imaging the atom array on a CCD camera in real time. By precisely controlling the position and spacing of the atom array in the high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, all the atoms in the array are strongly coupled to the cavity simultaneously. The vacuum Rabi splitting spectra are discriminated for deterministic atom numbers from 1 to 8, and the sqrt[N] dependence of the collective enhancement of the coupling strength on atom number N is validated at the single-atom level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qinxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shijun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Knall EN, Knaut CM, Bekenstein R, Assumpcao DR, Stroganov PL, Gong W, Huan YQ, Stas PJ, Machielse B, Chalupnik M, Levonian D, Suleymanzade A, Riedinger R, Park H, Lončar M, Bhaskar MK, Lukin MD. Efficient Source of Shaped Single Photons Based on an Integrated Diamond Nanophotonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:053603. [PMID: 35960557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, scalable source of shaped single photons that can be directly integrated with optical fiber networks and quantum memories is at the heart of many protocols in quantum information science. We demonstrate a deterministic source of arbitrarily temporally shaped single-photon pulses with high efficiency [detection efficiency=14.9%] and purity [g^{(2)}(0)=0.0168] and streams of up to 11 consecutively detected single photons using a silicon-vacancy center in a highly directional fiber-integrated diamond nanophotonic cavity. Combined with previously demonstrated spin-photon entangling gates, this system enables on-demand generation of streams of correlated photons such as cluster states and could be used as a resource for robust transmission and processing of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C M Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Bekenstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - D R Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P L Stroganov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W Gong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Q Huan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P-J Stas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chalupnik
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Suleymanzade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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4
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Pérez-González B, Gómez-León Á, Platero G. Topology detection in cavity QED. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15860-15870. [PMID: 35758058 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explore the physics of topological lattice models immersed in c-QED architectures for arbitrary coupling strength with the photon field. We propose the use of the cavity transmission as a topological marker and study its behaviour. For this, we develop an approach combining the input-output formalism with a Mean-Field plus fluctuations description of the setup. We illustrate our results with the specific case of a fermionic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain coupled to a single-mode cavity. Our findings confirm that the cavity can indeed act as a quantum sensor for topological phases, where the initial state preparation plays a crucial role. Additionally, we discuss the persistence of topological features when the coupling strength increases, in terms of an effective Hamiltonian, and calculate the entanglement entropy. Our approach can be applied to other fermionic systems, opening a route to the characterization of their topological properties in terms of experimental observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pérez-González
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, n°3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Gómez-León
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Platero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, n°3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Tseng YC, Wei YC, Chen YC. Efficient quantum memory for photonic polarization qubits generated by cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19944-19960. [PMID: 36221757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories, for storing then retrieving photonic quantum states on demand, are crucial components for scalable quantum technologies. Spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) with a nonlinear crystal is the most widely used process for generating entangled photon pairs or heralded single photons. Despite the desirability of efficient quantum memories for SPDC-generated single photons, the storage and retrieval efficiencies achieved with this approach still fall below 50%, a threshold value for practical applications. Here, we report an efficiency of > 70% for the storage of heralded single photons generated by cavity-enhanced SPDC using atomic quantum memories based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In addition, we demonstrate the quantum memory for single-photon polarization qubits with a fidelity of ∼96%. This result paves the way towards the development of large-scale quantum networks.
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6
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Zhu C, Marczak M, Feld L, Boehme SC, Bernasconi C, Moskalenko A, Cherniukh I, Dirin D, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Room-Temperature, Highly Pure Single-Photon Sources from All-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3751-3760. [PMID: 35467890 PMCID: PMC9101069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Attaining pure single-photon emission is key for many quantum technologies, from optical quantum computing to quantum key distribution and quantum imaging. The past 20 years have seen the development of several solid-state quantum emitters, but most of them require highly sophisticated techniques (e.g., ultrahigh vacuum growth methods and cryostats for low-temperature operation). The system complexity may be significantly reduced by employing quantum emitters capable of working at room temperature. Here, we present a systematic study across ∼170 photostable single CsPbX3 (X: Br and I) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes and compositions, unveiling that increasing quantum confinement is an effective strategy for maximizing single-photon purity due to the suppressed biexciton quantum yield. Leveraging the latter, we achieve 98% single-photon purity (g(2)(0) as low as 2%) from a cavity-free, nonresonantly excited single 6.6 nm CsPbI3 QDs, showcasing the great potential of CsPbX3 QDs as room-temperature highly pure single-photon sources for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Malwina Marczak
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon Feld
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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7
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Guo Y, Zhang H, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang T. High-order continuous-variable coherence of phase-dependent squeezed state. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8461-8473. [PMID: 35299298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study continuous variable coherence of phase-dependent squeezed state based on an extended Hanbury Brown-Twiss scheme. High-order coherence is continuously varied by adjusting squeezing parameter r, displacement α, and squeezing phase θ. We also analyze effects of background noise γ and detection efficiency η on the measurements. As the squeezing phase shifts from 0 to π, the photon statistics of the squeezed state continuously change from the anti-bunching (g(n) < 1) to super-bunching (g(n) > n!) which shows a transition from particle nature to wave nature. The experiment feasibility is also examined. It provides a practical method to generate phase-dependent squeezed states with high-order continuous-variable coherence by tuning squeezing phase θ. The controllable coherence source can be applied to sensitivity improvement in gravitational wave detection and quantum imaging.
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8
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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9
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Tikhonova OV, Voronina EN. Transfer of correlations from photons to electron excitations and currents induced in semiconductor quantum wells by non-classical twisted light. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:065302. [PMID: 34724654 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the excitations of collective electronic modes and currents induced in nanostructured semiconductor systems by two-mode quantum light with non-zero orbital angular momenta are investigated. Transfer of photon correlations to the excitations and currents induced in the semiconductor system is demonstrated. Birth of correlated electrons arising in the conduction band of the nanostructure due to the interaction with correlated photons of quantum light is found. Azimuthal and radial spatial distributions of the entangled electrons are established. The obtained results make possible to register the correlated electrons experimentally and to implement quantum information and nanoelectronics circuits in nanosystems using the found azimuthal and radial electron entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Tikhonova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Voronina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Chan WP, Chen JH, Chou WL, Chen WY, Liu HY, Hu HC, Jeng CC, Li JR, Chen C, Chen SY. Efficient DNA-Driven Nanocavities for Approaching Quasi-Deterministic Strong Coupling to a Few Fluorophores. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13085-13093. [PMID: 34313105 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between light and matter is the foundation of promising quantum photonic devices such as deterministic single photon sources, single atom lasers, and photonic quantum gates, which consist of an atom and a photonic cavity. Unlike atom-based systems, a strong coupling unit based on an emitter-plasmonic nanocavity system has the potential to bring these devices to the microchip scale at ambient conditions. However, efficiently and precisely positioning a single or a few emitters into a plasmonic nanocavity is challenging. In addition, placing a strong coupling unit on a designated substrate location is a demanding task. Here, fluorophore-modified DNA strands are utilized to drive the formation of particle-on-film plasmonic nanocavities and simultaneously integrate the fluorophores into the high field region of the nanocavities. High cavity yield and fluorophore coupling yield are demonstrated. This method is then combined with e-beam lithography to position the strong coupling units on designated locations of a substrate. Furthermore, polariton energy under the detuning of fluorophore embedded nanocavities can fit into a model consisting of three sets of two-level systems, implying vibronic modes may be involved in the strong coupling. Our system makes strong coupling units more practical on the microchip scale and at ambient conditions and provides a stable platform for investigating fluorophore-plasmonic nanocavity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Chan
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Wei-Lun Chou
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Wen-Yuan Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Hsiao-Ching Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chien-Chung Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227
| | - Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chi Chen
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Shiuan-Yeh Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
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11
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Chen YJ, Chuu CS. Manipulation of multipartite entanglement in an array of quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19796-19806. [PMID: 34266082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite entanglement is indispensable in the implementation of quantum technologies and the fundamental test of quantum mechanics. Here we study how the W state and W-like state may be generated in a quantum-dot array by controlling the coupling between an incident photon and the quantum dots on a waveguide. We also discuss how the coupling may be controlled to observe the sudden death of entanglement. Our work can find potential applications in quantum information processing.
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12
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Tomm N, Javadi A, Antoniadis NO, Najer D, Löbl MC, Korsch AR, Schott R, Valentin SR, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Warburton RJ. A bright and fast source of coherent single photons. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:399-403. [PMID: 33510454 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A single-photon source is an enabling technology in device-independent quantum communication1, quantum simulation2,3, and linear optics-based4 and measurement-based quantum computing5. These applications employ many photons and place stringent requirements on the efficiency of single-photon creation. The scaling on efficiency is typically an exponential function of the number of photons. Schemes taking full advantage of quantum superpositions also depend sensitively on the coherence of the photons, that is, their indistinguishability6. Here, we report a single-photon source with a high end-to-end efficiency. We employ gated quantum dots in an open, tunable microcavity7. The gating provides control of the charge and electrical tuning of the emission frequency; the high-quality material ensures low noise; and the tunability of the microcavity compensates for the lack of control in quantum dot position and emission frequency. Transmission through the top mirror is the dominant escape route for photons from the microcavity, and this output is well matched to a single-mode fibre. With this design, we can create a single photon at the output of the final optical fibre on-demand with a probability of up to 57% and with an average two-photon interference visibility of 97.5%. Coherence persists in trains of thousands of photons with single-photon creation at a repetition rate of 1 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tomm
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Daniel Najer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Rolf Korsch
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha René Valentin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Dirk Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Biagi N, Bohmann M, Agudelo E, Bellini M, Zavatta A. Experimental Certification of Nonclassicality via Phase-Space Inequalities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023605. [PMID: 33512213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its fundamental importance in quantum science and technology, the experimental certification of nonclassicality is still a challenging task, especially in realistic scenarios where losses and noise imbue the system. Here, we present the first experimental implementation of the recently introduced phase-space inequalities for nonclassicality certification, which conceptually unite phase-space representations with correlation conditions. We demonstrate the practicality and sensitivity of this approach by studying nonclassicality of a family of noisy and lossy quantum states of light. To this end, we experimentally generate single-photon-added thermal states with various thermal mean photon numbers and detect them at different loss levels. Based on the reconstructed Wigner and Husimi Q functions, the inequality conditions detect nonclassicality despite the fact that the involved distributions are nonnegative, which includes cases of high losses (93%) and cases where other established methods do not reveal nonclassicality. We show the advantages of the implemented approach and discuss possible extensions that assure a wide applicability for quantum science and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Bohmann
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Agudelo
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- LENS and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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14
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Liu S, Lin X, Liu F, Lei H, Fang W, Jin C. Observation of photon antibunching with only one standard single-photon detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013105. [PMID: 33514246 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The second-order photon correlation function g2(τ) is of great importance in quantum optics. g2(τ) is typically measured with the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometer, which employs a pair of single-photon detectors and a dual-channel time acquisition module. Here, we demonstrate a new method to measure and extract g2(τ) with a standard single-photon avalanche photodiode (dead-time = 22 ns) and a single-channel time acquisition module. This is realized by shifting the coincidence counts of interest to a time window not affected by the dead-time and after-pulse of the detection system using a fiber-based delay line. The new scheme is verified by measuring g2(τ) from a single colloidal nanocrystal. Photon antibunching is unambiguously observed and agrees well with the result measured using the standard HBT setup. Our scheme simplifies the higher-order correlation technique and might be favored in cost-sensitive circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hairui Lei
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jin
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Seidler MA, Yeo XJ, Cerè A, Kurtsiefer C. Spectral Compression of Narrowband Single Photons with a Resonant Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:183603. [PMID: 33196265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a spectral compression scheme for heralded single photons with narrow spectral bandwidth around 795 nm, generated through four-wave mixing in a cloud of cold ^{87}Rb atoms. The scheme is based on an asymmetric cavity as a dispersion medium and a simple binary phase modulator, and can be, in principle, without any optical losses. We observe a compression from 20.6 MHz to less than 8 MHz, almost matching the corresponding atomic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Seidler
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Xi Jie Yeo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551
| | - Alessandro Cerè
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Christian Kurtsiefer
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551
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16
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Ruddell SK, Webb KE, Takahata M, Kato S, Aoki T. Ultra-low-loss nanofiber Fabry-Perot cavities optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4875-4878. [PMID: 32870880 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Perot cavities that contain a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during the fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we were able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of ∼1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surface. Our ability to fabricate such high-finesse nanofiber cavities may open the door for the realization of high-fidelity scalable quantum networks.
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17
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18
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Wu CH, Liu CK, Chen YC, Chuu CS. Revival of Quantum Interference by Modulating the Biphotons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:143601. [PMID: 31702211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to manipulate the wave packets of single photons or biphotons has enriched quantum optics and quantum information science, with examples ranging from faithful quantum-state mapping and high-efficiency quantum memory to the purification of single photons. Here we demonstrate another fascinating use of wave packet manipulation on restoring quantum interference. By modulating the photons' temporal wave packet, we observe the revival of postselected entanglement that would otherwise be degraded or lost due to poor quantum interference. Our study shows that the amount of the restored entanglement is only limited by the forms of modulation and can achieve full recovery if the modulation function is properly designed. Our work has potential applications in long-distance quantum communication and linear optical quantum computation, particularly for quantum repeaters and large cluster states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Kai Liu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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19
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Celebrano M, Ghirardini L, Finazzi M, Ferrari G, Chiba Y, Abdelghafar A, Yano M, Shinada T, Tanii T, Prati E. Room Temperature Resonant Photocurrent in an Erbium Low-Doped Silicon Transistor at Telecom Wavelength. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E416. [PMID: 30862111 PMCID: PMC6474141 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An erbium-doped silicon transistor prepared by ion implantation and co-doped with oxygen is investigated by photocurrent generation in the telecommunication range. The photocurrent is explored at room temperature as a function of the wavelength by using a supercontinuum laser source working in the μW range. The 1-μm² transistor is tuned to involve in the transport only those electrons lying in the Er-O states. The spectrally resolved photocurrent is characterized by the typical absorption line of erbium and the linear dependence of the signal over the impinging power demonstrates that the Er-doped transistor is operating far from saturation. The relatively small number of estimated photoexcited atoms (≈ 4 × 10 4 ) makes Er-dpoed silicon potentially suitable for designing resonance-based frequency selective single photon detectors at 1550 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Celebrano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Finazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Colombo 81, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Yuki Chiba
- School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Ayman Abdelghafar
- School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Maasa Yano
- School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Shinada
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tanii
- School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Enrico Prati
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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20
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Barrett TD, Barter O, Stuart D, Yuen B, Kuhn A. Polarization Oscillations in Birefringent Emitter-Cavity Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:083602. [PMID: 30932599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the effects of resonator birefringence on the cavity-enhanced interfacing of quantum states of light and matter, including the first observation of single photons with a time-dependent polarization state that evolves within their coherence time. A theoretical model is introduced and experimentally verified by the modified polarization of temporally long single photons emitted from a ^{87}Rb atom coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity by a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process. Further theoretical investigation shows how a change in cavity birefringence can both impact the atom-cavity coupling and engender starkly different polarization behavior in the emitted photons. With polarization a key resource for encoding quantum states of light and modern micron-scale cavities particularly prone to birefringence, the consideration of these effects is vital to the faithful realization of efficient and coherent emitter-photon interfaces for distributed quantum networking and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Barrett
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Barter
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Dustin Stuart
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Yuen
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Kuhn
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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21
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Gallego J, Alt W, Macha T, Martinez-Dorantes M, Pandey D, Meschede D. Strong Purcell Effect on a Neutral Atom Trapped in an Open Fiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173603. [PMID: 30411925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe a sixfold Purcell broadening of the D_{2} line of an optically trapped ^{87}Rb atom strongly coupled to a fiber cavity. Under external illumination by a near-resonant laser, up to 90% of the atom's fluorescence is emitted into the resonant cavity mode. The sub-Poissonian statistics of the cavity output and the Purcell enhancement of the atomic decay rate are confirmed by the observation of a strongly narrowed antibunching dip in the photon autocorrelation function. The photon leakage through the higher-transmission mirror of the single-sided resonator is the dominant contribution to the field decay (κ≈2π×50 MHz), thus offering a high-bandwidth, fiber-coupled channel for photonic interfaces such as quantum memories and single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallego
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - W Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Macha
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Martinez-Dorantes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Pandey
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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22
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Creating a switchable optical cavity with controllable quantum-state mapping between two modes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14740. [PMID: 30283020 PMCID: PMC6170495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe how an ensemble of four-level atoms in the diamond-type configuration can be applied to create a fully controllable effective coupling between two cavity modes. The diamond-type configuration allows one to use a bimodal cavity that supports modes of different frequencies or different circular polarisations, because each mode is coupled only to its own transition. This system can be used for mapping a quantum state of one cavity mode onto the other mode on demand. Additionally, it can serve as a fast opening high-Q cavity system that can be easily and coherently controlled with laser fields.
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23
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Petrosyan D, Mølmer K. Deterministic Free-Space Source of Single Photons Using Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123605. [PMID: 30296151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an efficient free-space scheme to create single photons in a well-defined spatiotemporal mode. To that end, we first prepare a single source atom in an excited Rydberg state. The source atom interacts with a large ensemble of ground-state atoms via a laser-mediated dipole-dipole exchange interaction. Using an adiabatic passage with a chirped laser pulse, we produce a spatially extended spin wave of a single Rydberg excitation in the ensemble, accompanied by the transition of the source atom to another Rydberg state. The collective atomic excitation can then be converted to a propagating optical photon via a coherent coupling field. In contrast to previous approaches, our single-photon source does not rely on the strong coupling of a single emitter to a resonant cavity, nor does it require the heralding of collective excitation or complete Rydberg blockade of multiple excitations in the atomic ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrosyan
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Zhang X, Xu C, Ren Z. High fidelity heralded single-photon source using cavity quantum electrodynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3140. [PMID: 29453365 PMCID: PMC5816608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Demands for single-photon sources are ubiquitous in quantum information processing as well as in quantum metrology. In many protocols for producing single photons, a cavity-emitter configuration is used. In such cavity quantum electrodynamical systems, the cavity can enforce a well-defined output mode for the photon and enhance its collection efficiency, while the emitter is indispensable for single photon emission. Here we show the two cavity-one two-level emitter configuration can be used to produce exclusively photon pairs, with each photon in a separate mode. Conditioning on detecting a photon in one of the modes, one heralds with high fidelity a single photon in the other mode. Counterintuitively, upon decreasing the coupling of the emitter to one of the modes, the heralding fidelity can further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Ren
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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25
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Generation of single photons with highly tunable wave shape from a cold atomic ensemble. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13556. [PMID: 27886166 PMCID: PMC5133620 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of ultra-narrowband, pure and storable single photons with widely tunable wave shape is an enabling step toward hybrid quantum networks requiring interconnection of remote disparate quantum systems. It allows interaction of quantum light with several material systems, including photonic quantum memories, single trapped ions and opto-mechanical systems. Previous approaches have offered a limited tuning range of the photon duration of at most one order of magnitude. Here we report on a heralded single photon source with controllable emission time based on a cold atomic ensemble, which can generate photons with temporal durations varying over three orders of magnitude up to 10 μs without a significant change of the readout efficiency. We prove the nonclassicality of the emitted photons, show that they are emitted in a pure state, and demonstrate that ultra-long photons with nonstandard wave shape can be generated, which are ideally suited for several quantum information tasks. Generation of narrowband pure and storable single photons is an enabling step towards hybrid quantum networks interconnecting different systems. Here the authors report on a heralded single photon source based on a cold ensemble of atoms with controllable emission time and high photon shape tunability.
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26
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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27
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Unsleber S, Deppisch M, Krammel CM, Vo M, Yerino CD, Simmonds PJ, Lee ML, Koenraad PM, Schneider C, Höfling S. Bulk AlInAs on InP(111) as a novel material system for pure single photon emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23198-23206. [PMID: 27828385 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, we report on quantum light emission from bulk AlInAs grown on InP(111) substrates. We observe indium rich clusters in the bulk Al0.48In0.52As (AlInAs), resulting in quantum dot-like energetic traps for charge carriers, which are confirmed via cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy (XSTM) measurements and 6-band k·p simulations. We observe quantum dot (QD)-like emission signals, which appear as sharp lines in our photoluminescence spectra at near infrared wavelengths around 860 nm, and with linewidths as narrow as 50 μeV. We demonstrate the capability of this new material system to act as an emitter of pure single photons as we extract g(2)-values as low as gcw(2)(0)=0.05-0.05+0.17 for continuous wave (cw) excitation and gpulsed, corr.(2)=0.24±0.02 for pulsed excitation.
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28
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El Halawany A, Leuenberger MN. Electrically driven single photon source at high temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:085303. [PMID: 26828830 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/8/085303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical model for an electrically driven single photon source operating at high temperatures. We show that decoherence, which is usually the main obstacle for operating single photon sources at high temperatures, ensures an efficient operation of the presented electrically driven single photon source at high temperatures. The single-photon source is driven by a single electron source attached to a heterostructure semiconductor nanoring. The electron's dynamics in the nanoring and the subsequent recombination with the hole is described by the generalized master equation with a Hamiltonian based on tight-binding model, taking into account the electron-LO phonon interaction. As a result of decoherence, an almost 100% single photon emission with a strong antibunching behavior i.e. g(2)(0) << 1 at high temperature up to 300 K is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Halawany
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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29
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Unsleber S, Schneider C, Maier S, He YM, Gerhardt S, Lu CY, Pan JW, Kamp M, Höfling S. Deterministic generation of bright single resonance fluorescence photons from a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot-micropillar system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32977-32985. [PMID: 26831965 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of bright emission of single photons under pulsed resonance fluorescence conditions from a single quantum dot (QD) in a micropillar cavity. The brightness of the QD fluorescence is greatly enhanced via the coupling to the fundamental mode of a micropillar, allowing us to determine a single photon extraction efficiency of (20.7 ± 0.8) % per linear polarization basis. This yields an overall extraction efficiency of (41.4 ± 1.5) % in our device. We observe the first Rabi-oscillation in a weakly coupled quantum dot-micropillar system under coherent pulsed optical excitation, which enables us to deterministically populate the excited QD state. In this configuration, we probe the single photon statistics of the device yielding g(2)(0) = 0.072 ± 0.011 at a QD-cavity detuning of 75 μeV.
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30
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Kato S, Aoki T. Strong Coupling between a Trapped Single Atom and an All-Fiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:093603. [PMID: 26371652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-fiber cavity quantum electrodynamics system with a trapped single atom in the strong coupling regime. We use a nanofiber Fabry-Perot cavity, that is, an optical nanofiber sandwiched by two fiber-Bragg-grating mirrors. Measurements of the cavity transmission spectrum with a single atom in a state-insensitive nanofiber trap clearly reveal the vacuum Rabi splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takao Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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31
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Influence of Virtual Photon Process on the Generation of Squeezed Light from Atoms in an Optical Cavity. ATOMS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms3030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Tang J, Geng W, Xu X. Quantum interference induced photon blockade in a coupled single quantum dot-cavity system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9252. [PMID: 25783560 PMCID: PMC4363868 DOI: 10.1038/srep09252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an experimental scheme to implement a strong photon blockade with a single quantum dot coupled to a nanocavity. The photon blockade effect can be tremendously enhanced by driving the cavity and the quantum dot simultaneously with two classical laser fields. This enhancement of photon blockade is ascribed to the quantum interference effect to avoid two-photon excitation of the cavity field. Comparing with Jaynes-Cummings model, the second-order correlation function at zero time delay g(2)(0) in our scheme can be reduced by two orders of magnitude and the system sustains a large intracavity photon number. A red (blue) cavity-light detuning asymmetry for photon quantum statistics with bunching or antibunching characteristics is also observed. The photon blockade effect has a controllable flexibility by tuning the relative phase between the two pumping laser fields and the Rabi coupling strength between the quantum dot and the pumping field. Moreover, the photon blockade scheme based on quantum interference mechanism does not require a strong coupling strength between the cavity and the quantum dot, even with the pure dephasing of the system. This simple proposal provides an effective way for potential applications in solid state quantum computation and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- 1] Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China [2] Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Geng
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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33
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Xue P, Zhan X, Bian Z. Simulation of the ground states of spin rings with cavity-assisted neutral atoms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7623. [PMID: 25557504 PMCID: PMC5154601 DOI: 10.1038/srep07623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum phase transitions occur when the ground state of a Hamiltonian undergoes qualitative changes with a control parameter changing. In this paper we consider a particular system--an Isng-type spin ring with competing many-body interactions. Depending on the relative strength interactions, the ground state of the system is either a product state or entangled state. We implement the system in a cavity-assisted neutral atomic simulator and study the non-locality and entanglement of the simulated ground state of an Ising-type three-spin ring with the control parameter changing. The simplicity of the setup and its robustness to noise give it a great practicality within the framework of current experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiang Zhan
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Zhihao Bian
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
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34
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Steiner M, Meyer HM, Reichel J, Köhl M. Photon emission and absorption of a single ion coupled to an optical-fiber cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263003. [PMID: 25615321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a light-matter interface which consists of a single 174Yb+ ion coupled to an optical fiber cavity. We observe that photons at 935 nm are mainly emitted into the cavity mode and that correlations between the polarization of the photon and the spin state of the ion are preserved despite the intrinsic coupling into a single-mode fiber. Complementary, when a faint coherent light field is injected into the cavity mode, we find enhanced and polarization dependent absorption by the ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steiner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H M Meyer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom and Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Köhl
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom and Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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35
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Dynamically controlling the emission of single excitons in photonic crystal cavities. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5786. [PMID: 25503405 PMCID: PMC4275591 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single excitons in semiconductor microcavities represent a solid state and scalable platform for cavity quantum electrodynamics, potentially enabling an interface between flying (photon) and static (exciton) quantum bits in future quantum networks. While both single-photon emission and the strong coupling regime have been demonstrated, further progress has been hampered by the inability to control the coherent evolution of the cavity quantum electrodynamics system in real time, as needed to produce and harness charge–photon entanglement. Here using the ultrafast electrical tuning of the exciton energy in a photonic crystal diode, we demonstrate the dynamic control of the coupling of a single exciton to a photonic crystal cavity mode on a sub-nanosecond timescale, faster than the natural lifetime of the exciton. This opens the way to the control of single-photon waveforms, as needed for quantum interfaces, and to the real-time control of solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics systems. Controlling the coherent evolution of cavity quantum electrodynamics systems is key for future quantum networks. Here Pagliano et al. demonstrate dynamic control of the coupling of a single exciton to a photonic micro-resonator using electrical tuning of the exciton energy in a photonic crystal cavity diode.
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36
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Agha I, Ates S, Sapienza L, Srinivasan K. Spectral broadening and shaping of nanosecond pulses: toward shaping of single photons from quantum emitters. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:5677-5680. [PMID: 25360957 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate spectral broadening and shaping of exponentially-decaying nanosecond pulses via nonlinear mixing with a phase-modulated pump in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. 1550 nm pump light is imprinted with a temporal phase and used to upconvert a weak 980 nm pulse to 600 nm while simultaneously broadening the spectrum to that of a Lorentzian pulse up to 10 times shorter. While the current experimental demonstration is for spectral shaping, we also provide a numerical study showing the feasibility of subsequent spectral phase correction to achieve temporal compression and reshaping of a 1 ns mono-exponentially decaying pulse to a 250 ps Lorentzian, which would constitute a complete spectrotemporal waveform shaping protocol. This method, which uses quantum frequency conversion in PPLN with >100:1 signal-to-noise ratio, is compatible with single photon states of light.
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37
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Derntl C, Schneider M, Schalko J, Bittner A, Schmiedmayer J, Schmid U, Trupke M. Arrays of open, independently tunable microcavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:22111-22120. [PMID: 25321586 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.022111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities are of central importance in numerous areas of physics, including precision measurement, cavity optomechanics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. The miniaturisation and scaling to large numbers of sites is of interest for many of these applications, in particular for quantum computation and simulation. Here we present the first scaled microcavity system which enables the creation of large numbers of highly uniform, tunable light-matter interfaces using ions, neutral atoms or solid-state qubits. The microcavities are created by means of silicon micro-fabrication, are coupled directly to optical fibres and can be independently tuned to the chosen frequency, paving the way for arbitrarily large networks of optical microcavities.
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38
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Silicon carbide light-emitting diode as a prospective room temperature source for single photons. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1637. [PMID: 23572127 PMCID: PMC3622138 DOI: 10.1038/srep01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of single photons has been demonstrated in several systems. However, none of them satisfies all the conditions, e.g. room temperature functionality, telecom wavelength operation, high efficiency, as required for practical applications. Here, we report the fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on intrinsic defects in silicon carbide (SiC). To fabricate our devices we used a standard semiconductor manufacturing technology in combination with high-energy electron irradiation. The room temperature electroluminescence (EL) of our LEDs reveals two strong emission bands in the visible and near infrared (NIR) spectral ranges, associated with two different intrinsic defects. As these defects can potentially be generated at a low or even single defect level, our approach can be used to realize electrically driven single photon source for quantum telecommunication and information processing.
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39
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Chonan S, Kato S, Aoki T. Efficient single-mode photon-coupling device utilizing a nanofiber tip. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4785. [PMID: 24759303 PMCID: PMC3998027 DOI: 10.1038/srep04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon sources are important elements in quantum optics and quantum information science. It is crucial that such sources be able to couple photons emitted from a single quantum emitter to a single propagating mode, preferably to the guided mode of a single-mode optical fiber, with high efficiency. Various photonic devices have been successfully demonstrated to efficiently couple photons from an emitter to a single mode of a cavity or a waveguide. However, efficient coupling of these devices to optical fibers is sometimes challenging. Here we show that up to 38% of photons from an emitter can be directly coupled to a single-mode optical fiber by utilizing the flat tip of a silica nanofiber. With the aid of a metallic mirror, the efficiency can be increased to 76%. The use of a silicon waveguide further increases the efficiency to 87%. This simple device can be applied to various quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Chonan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Lee M, Kim J, Seo W, Hong HG, Song Y, Dasari RR, An K. Three-dimensional imaging of cavity vacuum with single atoms localized by a nanohole array. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3441. [PMID: 24603683 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero-point electromagnetic fields were first introduced to explain the origin of atomic spontaneous emission. Vacuum fluctuations associated with the zero-point energy in cavities are now utilized in quantum devices such as single-photon sources, quantum memories, switches and network nodes. Here we present three-dimensional (3D) imaging of vacuum fluctuations in a high-Q cavity based on the measurement of position-dependent emission of single atoms. Atomic position localization is achieved by using a nanoscale atomic beam aperture scannable in front of the cavity mode. The 3D structure of the cavity vacuum is reconstructed from the cavity output. The root mean squared amplitude of the vacuum field at the antinode is also measured to be 0.92±0.07 V cm(-1). The present work utilizing a single atom as a probe for sub-wavelength imaging demonstrates the utility of nanometre-scale technology in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjoo Lee
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea [2]
| | - Junki Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Wontaek Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gue Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Younghoon Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Ramachandra R Dasari
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kyungwon An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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41
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Sames C, Chibani H, Hamsen C, Altin PA, Wilk T, Rempe G. Antiresonance phase shift in strongly coupled cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:043601. [PMID: 24580448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phase shifts in the strong coupling regime of single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics. On the light transmitted through the system, we observe a phase shift associated with an antiresonance and show that both its frequency and width depend solely on the atom, despite the strong coupling to the cavity. This shift is optically controllable and reaches 140°--the largest ever reported for a single emitter. Our result offers a new technique for the characterization of complex integrated quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sames
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Chibani
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Hamsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P A Altin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Wilk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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42
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He Y, He YM, Wei YJ, Jiang X, Chen MC, Xiong FL, Zhao Y, Schneider C, Kamp M, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Indistinguishable tunable single photons emitted by spin-flip Raman transitions in InGaAs quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:237403. [PMID: 24476302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.237403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports all-optically tunable and highly indistinguishable single Raman photons from a driven single quantum dot spin. The frequency, linewidth, and lifetime of the Raman photons are tunable by varying the driving field power and detuning. Under continuous-wave excitation, subnatural linewidth single photons from off-resonant Raman scattering show an indistinguishability of 0.98(3). Under π pulse excitation, spin- and time-tagged Raman fluorescence photons show an almost vanishing multiphoton emission probability of 0.01(2) and a two-photon quantum interference visibility of 0.95(3). Lastly, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is demonstrated between two single photons emitted from remote, independent quantum dots with an unprecedented visibility of 0.87(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y-J Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - X Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M-C Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - F-L Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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43
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Agha I, Ates S, Davanço M, Srinivasan K. A chip-scale, telecommunications-band frequency conversion interface for quantum emitters. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:21628-21638. [PMID: 24104037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.021628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a chip-scale, telecommunications-band frequency conversion interface designed for low-noise operation at wavelengths desirable for common single photon emitters. Four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in silicon nitride waveguides is used to demonstrate frequency upconversion and downconversion between the 980 nm and 1550 nm wavelength regions, with signal-to-background levels > 10 and conversion efficiency of ≈ -60 dB at low continuous wave input pump powers (< 50 mW). Finite element simulations and the split-step Fourier method indicate that increased input powers of ≈ 10 W (produced by amplified nanosecond pulses, for example) will result in a conversion efficiency > 25 % in existing geometries. Finally, we present waveguide designs that can be used to connect shorter wavelength (637 nm to 852 nm) quantum emitters with 1550 nm.
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44
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Rempe G. Quantum optics and cavity QED Quantum network with individual atoms and photons. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135703001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Schug M, Huwer J, Kurz C, Müller P, Eschner J. Heralded photonic interaction between distant single ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:213603. [PMID: 23745873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We establish a heralded interaction between two remotely trapped single (40)Ca(+) ions through the exchange of single photons. In the sender ion, we release single photons with a controlled temporal shape on the P(3/2) to D(5/2) transition and transmit them to the distant receiver ion. Individual absorption events in the receiver ion are detected by quantum jumps. For continuously generated photons, the absorption reduces significantly the lifetime of the long-lived D(5/2) state. For triggered single-photon transmission, we observe a coincidence between the emission at the sender and quantum jump events at the receiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schug
- Universität des Saarlandes, Experimentalphysik, Campus E2 6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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46
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Tizei LHG, Kociak M. Spatially resolved quantum nano-optics of single photons using an electron microscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:153604. [PMID: 25167267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental demonstration of single-photon state generation and characterization in an electron microscope. In this aim we have used low intensity relativistic (energy between 60 and 100 keV) electrons beams focused in a ca. 1 nm probe to excite diamond nanoparticles. This triggered individual neutral nitrogen-vacancy centers to emit photons which could be gathered and sent to a Hanbury Brown-Twiss intensity interferometer. The detection of a dip in the correlation function at small time delays clearly demonstrates antibunching and thus the creation of nonclassical light states. Specifically, we have also demonstrated single-photon states detection. We unveil the mechanism behind quantum states generation in an electron microscope, and show that it clearly makes cathodoluminescence the nanometer scale analog of photoluminescence. By using an extremely small electron probe size and the ability to monitor its position with subnanometer resolution, we also show the possibility of measuring the quantum character of the emitted beam with deep subwavelength resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H G Tizei
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - M Kociak
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
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47
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Matthiesen C, Geller M, Schulte CHH, Le Gall C, Hansom J, Li Z, Hugues M, Clarke E, Atatüre M. Phase-locked indistinguishable photons with synthesized waveforms from a solid-state source. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1600. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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48
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He YM, He Y, Wei YJ, Wu D, Atatüre M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Kamp M, Lu CY, Pan JW. On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:213-217. [PMID: 23377455 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information, including a scalable solid-state platform, ultrabrightness and interconnectivity with matter qubits. A key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid-state networks is a high level of efficiency and indistinguishability. Pulsed resonance fluorescence has been anticipated as the optimum condition for the deterministic generation of high-quality photons with vanishing effects of dephasing. Here, we generate pulsed single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3 ps laser pulses. The π pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence photons have less than 0.3% background contribution and a vanishing two-photon emission probability. Non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two successively emitted photons is observed with a visibility of 0.97(2), comparable to trapped atoms and ions. Two single photons are further used to implement a high-fidelity quantum controlled-NOT gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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49
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Stute A, Casabone B, Brandstätter B, Friebe K, Northup TE, Blatt R. Quantum-state transfer from an ion to a photon. NATURE PHOTONICS 2013; 7:219-222. [PMID: 23812106 PMCID: PMC3694356 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One model for quantum networks1,2 is based on the probabilistic measurement of two photons, each entangled with a distant node, e.g., an atom or atomic ensemble3-7. A second, deterministic model transfers information directly from an atom onto a cavity photon, which carries it to a second node8, as recently demonstrated with neutral atoms9. In both cases, the challenge is to transfer information efficiently while preserving coherence. Here, following the second scheme, we map the quantum state of an ion onto a photon within an optical cavity. Using an ion enables deterministic state initialization10,11, while the cavity provides coherent coupling to a well-defined output mode12-15. Although it is often assumed that a cavity-based quantum interface requires the strong-coupling regime, we show transfer fidelities of 92% in the presence of non-negligible decoherence and characterize the interplay between fidelity and efficiency. Our time-independent mapping process offers a promising route toward ion-based quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stute
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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50
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Bienfang J, Fan J, Migdall A, Polyakov S. Introduction. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387695-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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