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Yuasa-Kawada J, Kinoshita-Kawada M, Hiramoto M, Yamagishi S, Mishima T, Yasunaga S, Tsuboi Y, Hattori N, Wu JY. Neuronal guidance signaling in neurodegenerative diseases: Key regulators that function at neuron-glia and neuroimmune interfaces. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:612-635. [PMID: 39995079 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
The nervous system processes a vast amount of information, performing computations that underlie perception, cognition, and behavior. During development, neuronal guidance genes, which encode extracellular cues, their receptors, and downstream signal transducers, organize neural wiring to generate the complex architecture of the nervous system. It is now evident that many of these neuroguidance cues and their receptors are active during development and are also expressed in the adult nervous system. This suggests that neuronal guidance pathways are critical not only for neural wiring but also for ongoing function and maintenance of the mature nervous system. Supporting this view, these pathways continue to regulate synaptic connectivity, plasticity, and remodeling, and overall brain homeostasis throughout adulthood. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses have further revealed many neuronal guidance genes to be associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the precise mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling drives the pathogenesis of these diseases remain to be clarified, emerging evidence points to several common themes, including dysfunction in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, along with dysregulation of neuron-microglia-astrocyte, neuroimmune, and neurovascular interactions. In this review, we explore recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis through altered cell-cell interactions. For instance, recent studies have unveiled two distinct semaphorin-plexin signaling pathways that affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation. We discuss the challenges ahead, along with the therapeutic potentials of targeting neuronal guidance pathways for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Particular focus is placed on how neuronal guidance mechanisms control neuron-glia and neuroimmune interactions and modulate microglial function under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, we examine the crosstalk between neuronal guidance signaling and TREM2, a master regulator of microglial function, in the context of pathogenic protein aggregates. It is well-established that age is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration. Future research should address how aging and neuronal guidance signaling interact to influence an individual's susceptibility to various late-onset neurological diseases and how the progression of these diseases could be therapeutically blocked by targeting neuronal guidance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Optical Neuroanatomy, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mishima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura, Japan
| | - Shin'ichiro Yasunaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kilic S, Bove J, So BN, Whitman MC. Strabismus in Genetic Syndromes: A Review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2025; 53:302-330. [PMID: 39948700 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025]
Abstract
Strabismus is a feature of many genetic syndromes, with highly variable penetrance. The congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) result in paralytic strabismus, with limited eye movements. CCDDs result from either deficits in differentiation of the cranial motor neuron precursors or from abnormal axon guidance of the cranial nerves. Although most individuals with comitant strabismus are otherwise healthy, strabismus is a variable feature of many genetic syndromes, most commonly those associated with intellectual disability. We review 255 genetic syndromes in which strabismus has been described and discuss the variable penetrance. The association with intellectual disability and neurological disorders underscores the likely neurological basis of strabismus, but the variable penetrance emphasises the complexity of strabismus pathophysiology. The syndromes described here mostly result from loss of function or change in function of the responsible genes; one hypothesis is that nonsyndromic strabismus may result from altered expression or regulation of the same genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian Bove
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Orthoptic Fellowship Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Harahsheh EY, Moxley LE, Al-Amin M, Sabrowsky S, Deniz A, Osundiji M. 20 years of ROBO3-related horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: a mini-review. Neurogenetics 2025; 26:30. [PMID: 39960500 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-025-00811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
ROBO3 is a member of the Roundabout (ROBO) gene family of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors, which plays crucial roles in axon crossing of the CNS midline. In 2004, pathogenic variants in ROBO3 were first linked to Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis type 1 [HGPPS1 (OMIM # 607313)], an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by failure of the corticospinal and somatosensory axon tracts to decussate in the medulla. Hitherto, over 60 ROBO3 pathogenic (or likely pathogenic) variants associated with HGPPS1 have been described in almost 100 patients. With the 20-year milestone, this minireview underscores the growing opportunities to improve the current understanding of the spectrum of HGPPS1 phenotype and ROBO3 genotypes. The increasing need for translational studies that can pave the way for improved clinical management of ROBO3-related disorders is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Y Harahsheh
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Lauren E Moxley
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Matu Al-Amin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Sonia Sabrowsky
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Adnan Deniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Kocaeli Universitesi, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mayowa Osundiji
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
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Mizutani K, Toyoda M, Ojima‐Kato T, Maturana AD, Niimi T. Glu592 of the axon guidance receptor ROBO3 mediates a pH-dependent interaction with NELL2 ligand. FEBS Lett 2025; 599:571-580. [PMID: 39531524 PMCID: PMC11848016 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
There are only a few studies on the function of neuronal axon guidance molecules during low brain pH conditions. We previously reported that roundabout (ROBO) 2, a receptor for the axon guidance molecule SLIT, can bind to the neural epidermal growth factor-like-like (NELL) ligands in acidic conditions by conformational change of its ectodomain. Here, we show that the ROBO3 receptor also exhibits a pH-dependent increase in binding to the NELL2 ligand. We found that the Glu592 residue of ROBO3 at the binding interface between NELL2 and ROBO3 is a pH sensor and that the formation of a new hydrogen bonding network, due to protonation of the Glu592, leads to increased binding in acidic conditions. These results suggest that NELL2-ROBO3 signaling could be regulated by extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomoaki Niimi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityJapan
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Duan W, Zhou T, Huang X, He D, Hu M. Whole-exome sequencing uncovers the genetic basis of hereditary concomitant exotropia in ten Chinese pedigrees. BMC Med Genomics 2025; 18:4. [PMID: 39773702 PMCID: PMC11705921 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-02078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore possible pathogenic genes for concomitant exotropia using whole-exome sequencing. METHODS In this study, 47 individuals from 10 concomitant exotropia (including intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia) pedigrees were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing was used to screen mutational profiles in 25 affected individuals and 10 unaffected individuals. Sanger sequencing and in silico analysis were performed for all participants. Two target genes were used to capture the sequences of 220 sporadic samples. RESULTS All 10 concomitant exotropia pedigrees presented autosomal dominant inheritance with childhood onset (3.35 ± 1.51 years old). Eleven different missense variants were identified among seven potential pathogenic genes (COL4A2, SYNE1, LOXHD1, AUTS2, GTDC2, HERC2 and CDH3) that cosegregated with pedigree members. All variants were predicted to be deleterious and had low frequencies in the general population. Distinct variants of COL4A2 were present in three pedigrees, and distinct variants of SYNE1 were present in two pedigrees. Fifteen variants in AUTS2 and four variants in GTDC2 were identified in 220 patients with sporadic concomitant exotropia using a target-capture sequencing approach. CONCLUSION This is the first study to explore the genetic mechanism of concomitant exotropia and identify seven associated genes (COL4A2, SYNE1, LOXHD1, AUTS2, GTDC2, HERC2 and CDH3) that may be candidate genes causing concomitant exotropia. More samples and in-depth studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Duan
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Taicheng Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoru Huang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dongqiong He
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Min Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Darras BT, Volpe JJ. Muscle Involvement and Restricted Disorders. VOLPE'S NEUROLOGY OF THE NEWBORN 2025:1074-1121.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-10513-5.00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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Petrosyan E, Fares J, Ahuja CS, Lesniak MS, Koski TR, Dahdaleh NS, El Tecle NE. Genetics and pathogenesis of scoliosis. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 20:100556. [PMID: 39399722 PMCID: PMC11470263 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2024.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Scoliosis is defined as a lateral spine curvature of at least 10° with vertebral rotation, as seen on a posterior-anterior radiograph, often accompanied by reduced thoracic kyphosis. Scoliosis affects all age groups: idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal disorder in children and adolescents, while adult degenerative scoliosis typically affects individuals over fifty. In the United States, approximately 3 million new cases of scoliosis are diagnosed annually, with a predicted increase in part due to global aging. Despite its prevalence, the etiopathogenesis of scoliosis remains unclear. Methods This comprehensive review analyzes the literature on the etiopathogenetic evidence for both idiopathic and adult degenerative scoliosis. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies on the genetic factors and etiopathogenetic mechanisms of scoliosis development and progression, with the search limited to articles in English. Results For idiopathic scoliosis, genetic factors are categorized into three groups: genes associated with susceptibility, disease progression, and both. We identify gene groups related to different biological processes and explore multifaceted pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis, including evolutionary adaptations to bipedalism and developmental and homeostatic spinal aberrations. For adult degenerative scoliosis, we segregate genetic and pathogenic evidence into categories of angiogenesis and inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, neural associations, and hormonal influences. Finally, we compare findings in idiopathic scoliosis and adult degenerative scoliosis, discuss current limitations in scoliosis research, propose a new model for scoliosis etiopathogenesis, and highlight promising areas for future studies. Conclusions Scoliosis is a complex, multifaceted disease with largely enigmatic origins and mechanisms of progression, keeping it under continuous scientific scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Christopher S. Ahuja
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Koski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Nader S. Dahdaleh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Najib E. El Tecle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
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8
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Liotta E, Dierna F, Zanghì A, Salafia S, Vecchio M, Chiaramonte R, Cancemi G, Belfiore G, Basile A, Ruggieri M, Polizzi A. Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Malformations of Cerebellum: Diagnosis, Classification, and Rehabilitative Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2024; 22:377-386. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
AbstractExtensive research has been conducted on the cerebellum, making it one of the most thoroughly investigated regions of the brain. It plays a fundamental role not only in motor control but also in motor learning and cognition. The development of the cerebellum is a lengthy process, beginning during the embryonic period up to the first years of life. This slow and protracted process makes it a vulnerable organ liable to different insults, responsible for many developmental disorders such as Dandy–Walker syndrome, medulloblastoma, dystroglicanopathy, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, thubulinopathies, and Jubert syndrome. Due to several factors, the true prevalence of cerebellar malformations is not known in most cases. The cerebellum undergoes development through following four fundamental stages:(1) Identification of the cerebellar region at the boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain.(2) Establishment of two cell proliferation compartments: firstly, Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei emerge from the ventricular zone of the metencephalic alar plate; secondly, granule cell precursors are generated from a separate proliferation compartment known as the upper rhombic lip.(3) Migration of granule cells toward the interior: granule precursor cells constitute the external granular layer (EGL), and during the initial postnatal year, granule cells migrate inward to their final position in the internal granular layer.(4) Formation of cerebellar circuitry and subsequent differentiation.Based on different types of involvement of the structures detected in the brain magnetic resonance, the classification of brainstem and cerebellar anomalies is divided into three categories: (1) mainly the cerebellum, (2) mainly the brain stem, and (3) both involved. This review will outline the developmental processes of the cerebellum and delve into common developmental disorders associated with it, including the Dandy–Walker syndrome, cerebellar hypoplasia, rhomboencephalosynapsis, lissencephaly, and gray matter heterotopias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Liotta
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Dierna
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Research Center for Surgery of Complex Malformation Syndromes of Transition and Adulthood, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Chiaramonte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cancemi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belfiore
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Unit of Radiology 1, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Unit of Radiology 1, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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9
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Lee AS, Ayers LJ, Kosicki M, Chan WM, Fozo LN, Pratt BM, Collins TE, Zhao B, Rose MF, Sanchis-Juan A, Fu JM, Wong I, Zhao X, Tenney AP, Lee C, Laricchia KM, Barry BJ, Bradford VR, Jurgens JA, England EM, Lek M, MacArthur DG, Lee EA, Talkowski ME, Brand H, Pennacchio LA, Engle EC. A cell type-aware framework for nominating non-coding variants in Mendelian regulatory disorders. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8268. [PMID: 39333082 PMCID: PMC11436875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Unsolved Mendelian cases often lack obvious pathogenic coding variants, suggesting potential non-coding etiologies. Here, we present a single cell multi-omic framework integrating embryonic mouse chromatin accessibility, histone modification, and gene expression assays to discover cranial motor neuron (cMN) cis-regulatory elements and subsequently nominate candidate non-coding variants in the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs), a set of Mendelian disorders altering cMN development. We generate single cell epigenomic profiles for ~86,000 cMNs and related cell types, identifying ~250,000 accessible regulatory elements with cognate gene predictions for ~145,000 putative enhancers. We evaluate enhancer activity for 59 elements using an in vivo transgenic assay and validate 44 (75%), demonstrating that single cell accessibility can be a strong predictor of enhancer activity. Applying our cMN atlas to 899 whole genome sequences from 270 genetically unsolved CCDD pedigrees, we achieve significant reduction in our variant search space and nominate candidate variants predicted to regulate known CCDD disease genes MAFB, PHOX2A, CHN1, and EBF3 - as well as candidates in recurrently mutated enhancers through peak- and gene-centric allelic aggregation. This work delivers non-coding variant discoveries of relevance to CCDDs and a generalizable framework for nominating non-coding variants of potentially high functional impact in other Mendelian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lauren J Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lydia N Fozo
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon M Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Collins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack M Fu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan P Tenney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cassia Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Victoria R Bradford
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Jurgens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleina M England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Günbey C, Çavdarlı B, Göçmen R, Yazıcı M, Temuçin ÇM, Özdemir Ö, Çırak S, Haliloğlu G. Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: Further expanding the ROBO3 spectrum. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:2088-2099. [PMID: 39030736 PMCID: PMC11330215 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting from axonal midline crossing defect due to variants in ROBO3. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated demographics, clinical phenotype, course of spinal deformities, and neuroimaging findings of six Turkish patients with HGPPS. We performed targeted gene testing by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The median age at symptom onset and diagnosis was 1.5 years (0.5-4), and 11 years (2-16), respectively. Oculomotor signs were the most common presenting symptom (n = 4), followed by scoliosis (n = 2). The course of scoliosis was progressive and accompanied by kyphosis, showed intrafamilial variability, and was corrected surgically in three of the patients. Intellectual disability (n = 4), hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (n = 2), hearing loss (n = 2), and tranisent movement disorders (n = 1) were additional features. Targeted gene sequencing revealed five distinct homozygous variants. Of the four novel variants, two of them were located in the acceptor site of the noncoding region of the gene, remaining two were missense and frameshift variants, located in immunoglobulin-like domain-2, and cytoplasmic signaling motif 2, respectively. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed the absence of decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and dorsal transverse pontine fibers. INTERPRETATION Spectrum of HGPPS is further expanded with novel variants in the ROBO3 with clinical and radiological fingerprints. Spinal deformities require close orthopedic screening and individualized approach. Intellectual disability and hearing loss emerge as additional features. Hypogonadism and transient subtle movement disorders require further attention and confirmation from other series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Günbey
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of PediatricsHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Rahşan Göçmen
- Department of RadiologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Muharrem Yazıcı
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
- Present address:
Pediatric Orthopedic Spine CenterAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Özkan Özdemir
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Sebahattin Çırak
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Present address:
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Metabolics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical Center, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Göknur Haliloğlu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of PediatricsHacettepe University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
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11
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Ahlström S, Reiterä P, Jokela R, Olkkola KT, Kaunisto MA, Kalso E. Influence of Clinical and Genetic Factors on Propofol Dose Requirements: A Genome-wide Association Study. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:300-312. [PMID: 38700459 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a widely used intravenous hypnotic. Dosing is based mostly on weight, with great interindividual variation in consumption. Suggested factors affecting propofol requirements include age, sex, ethnicity, anxiety, alcohol consumption, smoking, and concomitant valproate use. Genetic factors have not been widely explored. METHODS This study considered 1,000 women undergoing breast cancer surgery under propofol and remifentanil anesthesia. Depth of anesthesia was monitored with State Entropy (GE Healthcare, Finland). Propofol requirements during surgery were recorded. DNA from blood was genotyped with a genome-wide array. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the relevance of clinical variables and select those to be used as covariates in a genome-wide association study. Imputed genotype data were used to explore selected loci further. In silico functional annotation was used to explore possible consequences of the discovered genetic variants. Additionally, previously reported genetic associations from candidate gene studies were tested. RESULTS Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, remifentanil dose (ln[mg · kg-1 · min-1]), and average State Entropy during surgery remained statistically significant in the multivariable model. Two loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The most significant associations were for single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs997989 (30 kb from ROBO3), likely affecting expression of another nearby gene, FEZ1, and rs9518419, close to NALCN (sodium leak channel); rs10512538 near KCNJ2 encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel showed suggestive association (P = 4.7 × 10-7). None of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are coding variants but possibly affect the regulation of nearby genes. None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously reported as affecting propofol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics showed association in the data. CONCLUSIONS In this first genome-wide association study exploring propofol requirements, This study discovered novel genetic associations suggesting new biologically relevant pathways for propofol and general anesthesia. The roles of the gene products of ROBO3/FEZ1, NALCN, and KCNJ2 in propofol anesthesia warrant further studies. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirkku Ahlström
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Reiterä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Jokela
- HUS Shared Group Services, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus T Olkkola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; INDIVIDRUG Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Shadique M, Cornelius LP, Elango N, Livingston J. Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2024; 27:469-470. [PMID: 38819425 PMCID: PMC11418784 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Shadique
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leema P. Cornelius
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Neeraj Elango
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jered Livingston
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Gelernter J, Levey DF, Galimberti M, Harrington K, Zhou H, Adhikari K, Gupta P, Gaziano JM, Eliott D, Stein MB. Genome-wide association study of the common retinal disorder epiretinal membrane: Significant risk loci in each of three American populations. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100582. [PMID: 38870908 PMCID: PMC11228954 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal condition characterized by the presence of fibrocellular tissue on the retinal surface, often with visual distortion and loss of visual acuity. We studied European American (EUR), African American (AFR), and Latino (admixed American, AMR) ERM participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) for genome-wide association analysis-a total of 38,232 case individuals and 557,988 control individuals. We completed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in each population separately, and then results were meta-analyzed. Genome-wide significant (GWS) associations were observed in all three populations studied: 31 risk loci in EUR subjects, 3 in AFR, and 2 in AMR, with 48 in trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Many results replicated in the FinnGen sample. Several GWS variants associate to alterations in gene expression in the macula. ERM showed significant genetic correlation to multiple traits. Pathway enrichment analyses implicated collagen and collagen-adjacent mechanisms, among others. This well-powered ERM GWAS identified novel genetic associations that point to biological mechanisms for ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Harrington
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keyrun Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Aging and Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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Tsytsarev V, Plachez C, Zhao S, O'Connor DH, Erzurumlu RS. Bilateral Whisker Representations in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Robo3cKO Mice Are Reflected in the Primary Motor Cortex. Neuroscience 2024; 544:128-137. [PMID: 38447690 PMCID: PMC11146016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In Robo3cKO mice, midline crossing defects of the trigeminothalamic projections from the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus result in bilateral whisker maps in the somatosensory thalamus and consequently in the face representation area of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex (Renier et al., 2017; Tsytsarev et al., 2017). We investigated whether this bilateral sensory representation in the whisker-barrel cortex is also reflected in the downstream projections from the S1 to the primary motor (M1) cortex. To label these projections, we injected anterograde viral axonal tracer in S1 cortex. Corticocortical projections from the S1 distribute to similar areas across the ipsilateral hemisphere in control and Robo3cKO mice. Namely, in both genotypes they extend to the M1, premotor/prefrontal cortex (PMPF), secondary somatosensory (S2) cortex. Next, we performed voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) in the left hemisphere following ipsilateral and contralateral single whisker stimulation. While controls showed only activation in the contralateral whisker barrel cortex and M1 cortex, the Robo3cKO mouse left hemisphere was activated bilaterally in both the barrel cortex and the M1 cortex. We conclude that the midline crossing defect of the trigeminothalamic projections leads to bilateral whisker representations not only in the thalamus and the S1 cortex but also downstream from the S1, in the M1 cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Céline Plachez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, 338 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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15
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Mitchell KJ. Variability in Neural Circuit Formation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041504. [PMID: 38253418 PMCID: PMC10910361 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The study of neural development is usually concerned with the question of how nervous systems get put together. Variation in these processes is usually of interest as a means of revealing these normative mechanisms. However, variation itself can be an object of study and is of interest from multiple angles. First, the nature of variation in both the processes and the outcomes of neural development is relevant to our understanding of how these processes and outcomes are encoded in the genome. Second, variation in the wiring of the brain in humans may underlie variation in all kinds of psychological and behavioral traits, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders. And third, genetic variation that affects circuit development provides the raw material for evolutionary change. Here, I examine these different aspects of variation in circuit development and consider what they may tell us about these larger questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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16
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Xie Y, Huang L, Zhou Y, Wu J, Li N. Novel variants and phenotypes of ROBO3 gene associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. Pediatr Investig 2024; 8:72-74. [PMID: 38516134 PMCID: PMC10951487 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujianChina
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of OphthalmologyShenzhen Children's HospitalGuangdongChina
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujianChina
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyChildren's HospitalCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
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17
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Wang X, Yue M, Cheung JPY, Cheung PWH, Fan Y, Wu M, Wang X, Zhao S, Khanshour AM, Rios JJ, Chen Z, Wang X, Tu W, Chan D, Yuan Q, Qin D, Qiu G, Wu Z, Zhang TJ, Ikegawa S, Wu N, Wise CA, Hu Y, Luk KDK, Song YQ, Gao B. Impaired glycine neurotransmission causes adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e168783. [PMID: 37962965 PMCID: PMC10786698 DOI: 10.1172/jci168783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of spinal deformity, affecting millions of adolescents worldwide, but it lacks a defined theory of etiopathogenesis. Because of this, treatment of AIS is limited to bracing and/or invasive surgery after onset. Preonset diagnosis or preventive treatment remains unavailable. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of a large multicenter AIS cohort and identified disease-causing and predisposing variants of SLC6A9 in multigeneration families, trios, and sporadic patients. Variants of SLC6A9, which encodes glycine transporter 1 (GLYT1), reduced glycine-uptake activity in cells, leading to increased extracellular glycine levels and aberrant glycinergic neurotransmission. Slc6a9 mutant zebrafish exhibited discoordination of spinal neural activities and pronounced lateral spinal curvature, a phenotype resembling human patients. The penetrance and severity of curvature were sensitive to the dosage of functional glyt1. Administration of a glycine receptor antagonist or a clinically used glycine neutralizer (sodium benzoate) partially rescued the phenotype. Our results indicate a neuropathic origin for "idiopathic" scoliosis, involving the dysfunction of synaptic neurotransmission and central pattern generators (CPGs), potentially a common cause of AIS. Our work further suggests avenues for early diagnosis and intervention of AIS in preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Prudence Wing Hang Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meicheng Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas M. Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zheyi Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children (SRC), Dallas, Texas, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keith Dip Kei Luk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Lee AS, Ayers LJ, Kosicki M, Chan WM, Fozo LN, Pratt BM, Collins TE, Zhao B, Rose MF, Sanchis-Juan A, Fu JM, Wong I, Zhao X, Tenney AP, Lee C, Laricchia KM, Barry BJ, Bradford VR, Lek M, MacArthur DG, Lee EA, Talkowski ME, Brand H, Pennacchio LA, Engle EC. A cell type-aware framework for nominating non-coding variants in Mendelian regulatory disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.22.23300468. [PMID: 38234731 PMCID: PMC10793524 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.23300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Unsolved Mendelian cases often lack obvious pathogenic coding variants, suggesting potential non-coding etiologies. Here, we present a single cell multi-omic framework integrating embryonic mouse chromatin accessibility, histone modification, and gene expression assays to discover cranial motor neuron (cMN) cis-regulatory elements and subsequently nominate candidate non-coding variants in the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs), a set of Mendelian disorders altering cMN development. We generated single cell epigenomic profiles for ~86,000 cMNs and related cell types, identifying ~250,000 accessible regulatory elements with cognate gene predictions for ~145,000 putative enhancers. Seventy-five percent of elements (44 of 59) validated in an in vivo transgenic reporter assay, demonstrating that single cell accessibility is a strong predictor of enhancer activity. Applying our cMN atlas to 899 whole genome sequences from 270 genetically unsolved CCDD pedigrees, we achieved significant reduction in our variant search space and nominated candidate variants predicted to regulate known CCDD disease genes MAFB, PHOX2A, CHN1, and EBF3 - as well as new candidates in recurrently mutated enhancers through peak- and gene-centric allelic aggregation. This work provides novel non-coding variant discoveries of relevance to CCDDs and a generalizable framework for nominating non-coding variants of potentially high functional impact in other Mendelian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lauren J. Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Lydia N. Fozo
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brandon M. Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E. Collins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew F. Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jack M. Fu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan P. Tenney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cassia Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kristen M. Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Victoria R. Bradford
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael E. Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Sim B, Ng JWZ, Sim DY, Goh J, Kam S, Teo JX, Lim WW, Lieviant J, Lim WK, Lim SA, Tang PH, Ling S, Ng SWL, Roca X, Jamuar SS. A novel intronic variant in ROBO3 associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: case report and literature review. J AAPOS 2023; 27:359-363. [PMID: 37931836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in ROBO3 gene. The clinical features of HGPPS include horizontal gaze palsy, progressive scoliosis, other oculomotor abnormalities such as strabismus and nystagmus. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is used to diagnose rare Mendelian disorders, when routine standard tests have failed to make a formal pathological diagnosis. However, WES may identify variants of uncertain significance (VUS) that may add further ambiguity to the diagnosis. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with horizontal gaze palsy, progressive scoliosis, microcephaly, and mild developmental delay. WES identified an intronic VUS in ROBO3 gene. We performed minigene splicing functional analysis to confirm the pathogenicity of this VUS. This report illustrates that WES data analysis with supportive functional analysis provides an effective approach to improve the diagnostic yield for unsolved clinical cases. This case also highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity in patients with HGPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Sim
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, KKH Eye Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Myopia Service, Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), Singapore
| | - Janice Wan Zhen Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Donald Yuhui Sim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Jeannette Goh
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Kam
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore
| | - Jing Xian Teo
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore
| | - Wan Wan Lim
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jane Lieviant
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore; Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Laboratory of Genome Variation Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Ann Lim
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, KKH Eye Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Phua Hwee Tang
- Department of Radiology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Simon Ling
- Neurology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Stacy Wei Ling Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Saumya Shekhar Jamuar
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore.
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20
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Rapti G. Regulation of axon pathfinding by astroglia across genetic model organisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1241957. [PMID: 37941606 PMCID: PMC10628440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1241957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia and neurons are intimately associated throughout bilaterian nervous systems, and were early proposed to interact for patterning circuit assembly. The investigations of circuit formation progressed from early hypotheses of intermediate guideposts and a "glia blueprint", to recent genetic and cell manipulations, and visualizations in vivo. An array of molecular factors are implicated in axon pathfinding but their number appears small relatively to circuit complexity. Comprehending this circuit complexity requires to identify unknown factors and dissect molecular topographies. Glia contribute to both aspects and certain studies provide molecular and functional insights into these contributions. Here, I survey glial roles in guiding axon navigation in vivo, emphasizing analogies, differences and open questions across major genetic models. I highlight studies pioneering the topic, and dissect recent findings that further advance our current molecular understanding. Circuits of the vertebrate forebrain, visual system and neural tube in zebrafish, mouse and chick, the Drosophila ventral cord and the C. elegans brain-like neuropil emerge as major contexts to study glial cell functions in axon navigation. I present astroglial cell types in these models, and their molecular and cellular interactions that drive axon guidance. I underline shared principles across models, conceptual or technical complications, and open questions that await investigation. Glia of the radial-astrocyte lineage, emerge as regulators of axon pathfinding, often employing common molecular factors across models. Yet this survey also highlights different involvements of glia in embryonic navigation or pioneer axon pathfinding, and unknowns in the molecular underpinnings of glial cell functions. Future cellular and molecular investigations should complete the comprehensive view of glial roles in circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yi S, Qin Z, Zhou X, Chen J, Yi S, Chen Q, Huang L, Zhang Q, Chen B, Luo J. Early onset horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis due to a noncanonical splicing-site variant and a missense variant in the ROBO3 gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2215. [PMID: 37330975 PMCID: PMC10496041 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous or compound heterozygous ROBO3 gene mutations cause horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). This is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by congenital absence or severe restriction of horizontal gaze and progressive scoliosis. To date, almost 100 patients with HGPPS have been reported and 55 ROBO3 mutations have been identified. METHODS We described an HGPPS patient and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the causative gene. RESULTS We identified a missense variant and a splice-site variant in the ROBO3 gene in the proband. Sanger sequencing of cDNA revealed the presence of an aberrant transcript with retention of 700 bp from intron 17, which was caused by a variation in the noncanonical splicing site. We identified five additional ROBO3 variants, which were likely pathogenic, and estimated the overall allele frequency in the southern Chinese population to be 9.44 × 10-4 , by a review of our in-house database. CONCLUSION This study has broadened the mutation spectrum of the ROBO3 gene and has expanded our knowledge of variants in noncanonical splicing sites. The results could help to provide more accurate genetic counseling to affected families and prospective couples. We suggest that the ROBO3 gene should be included in the local screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Xunzhao Zhou
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of RadiologyMaternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qiuli Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Limei Huang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Biyan Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central LaboratoryGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
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22
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Abstract
Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is the most common ocular disorder in the pediatric population, affecting approximately 2%-4% of children. Strabismus leads to the disruption of binocular vision, amblyopia, social and occupational discrimination, and decreased quality of life. Although it has been recognized since ancient times that strabismus runs in families, its inheritance patterns are complex, and its precise genetic mechanisms have not yet been defined. Family, population, and twin studies all support a role of genetics in the development of strabismus. There are multiple forms of strabismus, and it is not known if they have shared genetic mechanisms or are distinct genetic disorders, which complicates studies of strabismus. Studies assuming that strabismus is a Mendelian disorder have found areas of linkage and candidate genes in particular families, but no definitive causal genes. Genome-wide association studies searching for common variation that contributes to strabismus risk have identified two risk loci and three copy number variants in white populations. Causative genes have been identified in congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders, syndromes in which eye movement is limited or paralyzed. The causative genes lead to either improper differentiation of cranial motor neurons or abnormal axon guidance. This article reviews the evidence for a genetic contribution to strabismus and the recent advances that have been made in the genetics of comitant strabismus, the most common form of strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Martinez Sanchez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary C. Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Shu L, Meng Y, Ma J, Gao R, Zhou X. A Genetic Variant of the ROBO3 Gene is Associated With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Chinese Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:E20-E24. [PMID: 36149840 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control association study. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal whether mutations within roundabout receptor 3 ( ROBO3 ) gene were related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in Chinese Han population and to investigate the functional role of ROBO3 in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA ROBO3 is essential for the regulation of hindbrain axonal cell migration and midline crossing. Studies have demonstrated that ROBO3 homozygous mutations are associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. However, whether and how ROBO3 contributed to the development of scoliosis remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in 135 AIS patients and 267 healthy controls to evaluate the differences of single nucleotide polymorphism variants within ROBO3 . Then the identified variant of ROBO3 was genotyped in another cohort included 1140 AIS patients and 1580 controls. Moreover, paraspinal muscles were collected from 39 AIS patients and 45 lumbar disk herniation patients for the measurement of ROBO3 mRNA expression. The χ 2 test, Fisher exact test or the Student t test were used to compare intergroup data. Pearson correlation was used to determine the association between ROBO3 expression and clinical phenotypes. RESULTS A significant association was identified between the gene variant (rs74787566) of ROBO3 and the development of AIS through exome sequencing. The genotyping cohort demonstrated a higher frequency of allele A in AIS patients compared to controls (7.89% vs . 4.30%, P <0.001, odds ratio=1.87). In addition, the expression of ROBO3 in paraspinal muscles was inversely correlated with the Cobb angle ( P =0.043, r2 =0.1059). CONCLUSION A significant association was identified between the gene variant (rs74787566) of ROBO3 and the development of AIS. The reduced expression of ROBO3 could result in the progression of curve magnitude in patients with AIS. Further studies are needed to verify the functional role of ROBO3 in the development of AIS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Lun Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
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24
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Burton EA, Burgess HA. A Critical Review of Zebrafish Neurological Disease Models-2. Application: Functional and Neuroanatomical Phenotyping Strategies and Chemical Screens. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:kvac019. [PMID: 37637775 PMCID: PMC10455049 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensive phylogenetic conservation of molecular pathways and neuroanatomical structures, associated with efficient methods for genetic modification, have been exploited increasingly to generate zebrafish models of human disease. A range of powerful approaches can be deployed to analyze these models with the ultimate goal of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms and accelerating efforts to find effective treatments. Unbiased neurobehavioral assays can provide readouts that parallel clinical abnormalities found in patients, although some of the most useful assays quantify responses that are not routinely evaluated clinically, and differences between zebrafish and human brains preclude expression of the full range of neurobehavioral abnormalities seen in disease. Imaging approaches that use fluorescent reporters and standardized brain atlases coupled with quantitative measurements of brain structure offer an unbiased means to link experimental manipulations to changes in neural architecture. Together, quantitative structural and functional analyses allow dissection of the cellular and physiological basis underlying neurological phenotypes. These approaches can be used as outputs in chemical modifier screens, which provide a major opportunity to exploit zebrafish models to identify small molecule modulators of pathophysiology that may be informative for understanding disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Burton
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Harold A Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Jia H, Ma Q, Liang Y, Wang D, Chang Q, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Liang J, Song J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Tu Z, Jiao Y. Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:431. [PMID: 36494820 PMCID: PMC9733177 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) are a group of diseases with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Clinical examinations combined with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed to reveal the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in a cohort of Chinese CCDDs patients. RESULTS A total of 122 CCDDs patients from 96 families were enrolled. All patients showed restrictive eye movements, and 46 patients from 46 families (47.9%, 46/96) were accompanied by multiple congenital malformations. Multi-positional high-resolution MRI was performed in 94 patients from 88 families, of which, all patients had hypoplasia of the cranial nerves except HGPPS patients and 15 patients from 15 families (17.0%,15/88) were accompanied by other craniocerebral malformations. WES was performed in 122 CCDDs patients. Ten pathogenic variants were detected in KIF21A, TUBB3, and CHN1 genes in 43 families. Three variants were unreported, including KIF21A (c.1064T > C, p.F355S), TUBB3 (c.232T > A, p.S78T) and CHN1 (c.650A > G, p.H217R). Of the 43 probands harboring pathogenic variants, 42 were diagnosed with Congenital Fibrosis of Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM) and one was Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS). No definite pathogenic variants in known candidate genes of CCDDs were found in sporadic DRS, Möbius Syndrome (MBS) and Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis (HGPPS) patients. The CFEOM patients harboring R380C, E410K and R262H variants in TUBB3 gene and F355S variant in KIF21A gene exhibited syndromic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study broadened the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums of CCDDs, and it was the largest clinical and genetic investigation for CCDDs patients from China. KIF21A and TUBB3 were the common pathogenic genes in Chinese CFEOM. MRI coupled with WES can provide a supportive diagnosis in patients with clinically suspected CCDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jia
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qian Ma
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yi Liang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Dan Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qinglin Chang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zongrui Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jing Liang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jing Song
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yidi Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zhanhan Tu
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - Yonghong Jiao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, 100730 China
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26
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Bi J, Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang B, Liu M, Su G, Chen F, Chen B, Shi T, Zheng Y, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Shi J, Li P, Zhang L, Lu W. KLF4 inhibits early neural differentiation of ESCs by coordinating specific 3D chromatin structure. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12235-12250. [PMID: 36477888 PMCID: PMC9757050 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) requires precisely orchestrated gene regulation, a process governed in part by changes in 3D chromatin structure. How these changes regulate gene expression in this context remains unclear. In this study, we observed enrichment of the transcription factor KLF4 at some poised or closed enhancers at TSS-linked regions of genes associated with neural differentiation. Combination analysis of ChIP, HiChIP and RNA-seq data indicated that KLF4 loss in ESCs induced changes in 3D chromatin structure, including increased chromatin interaction loops between neural differentiation-associated genes and active enhancers, leading to upregulated expression of neural differentiation-associated genes and therefore early neural differentiation. This study suggests KLF4 inhibits early neural differentiation by regulation of 3D chromatin structure, which is a new mechanism of early neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Guangsong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiandang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Lei Zhang. Tel: +86 22 23503617; Fax: +86 22 23503617;
| | - Wange Lu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 22 23503617; Fax: +86 22 23503617;
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27
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Zang Y, Chaudhari K, Bashaw GJ. Tace/ADAM17 is a bi-directional regulator of axon guidance that coordinates distinct Frazzled and Dcc receptor signaling outputs. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111785. [PMID: 36476876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frazzled (Fra) and deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) are homologous receptors that promote axon attraction in response to netrin. In Drosophila, Fra also acts independently of netrin by releasing an intracellular domain (ICD) that activates gene transcription. How neurons coordinate these pathways to make accurate guidance decisions is unclear. Here we show that the ADAM metalloprotease Tace cleaves Fra, and this instructs the switch between the two pathways. Genetic manipulations that either increase or decrease Tace levels disrupt midline crossing of commissural axons. These conflicting phenotypes reflect Tace's function as a bi-directional regulator of axon guidance, a function conserved in its vertebrate homolog ADAM17: while Tace induces the formation of the Fra ICD to activate transcription, excessive Tace cleavage of Fra and Dcc suppresses the response to netrin. We propose that Tace and ADAM17 are key regulators of midline axon guidance by establishing the balance between netrin-dependent and netrin-independent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zang
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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28
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Pânzaru MC, Popa S, Lupu A, Gavrilovici C, Lupu VV, Gorduza EV. Genetic heterogeneity in corpus callosum agenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:958570. [PMID: 36246626 PMCID: PMC9562966 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.958570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), complete or partial, is one of the most common cerebral malformations in humans with a reported incidence ranging between 1.8 per 10,000 livebirths to 230–600 per 10,000 in children and its presence is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. ACC may occur as an isolated anomaly or as a component of a complex disorder, caused by genetic changes, teratogenic exposures or vascular factors. Genetic causes are complex and include complete or partial chromosomal anomalies, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked monogenic disorders, which can be either de novo or inherited. The extreme genetic heterogeneity, illustrated by the large number of syndromes associated with ACC, highlight the underlying complexity of corpus callosum development. ACC is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to neonatal death. The most common features are epilepsy, motor impairment and intellectual disability. The understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ACC may be essential for the diagnosis, developing early intervention strategies, and informed family planning. This review summarizes our current understanding of the genetic heterogeneity in ACC and discusses latest discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Gavrilovici
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Werner M, Dyas A, Parfentev I, Schmidt GE, Mieczkowska IK, Müller-Kirschbaum LC, Müller C, Kalkhof S, Reinhardt O, Urlaub H, Alves F, Gallwas J, Prokakis E, Wegwitz F. ROBO3s: a novel ROBO3 short isoform promoting breast cancer aggressiveness. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:762. [PMID: 36057630 PMCID: PMC9440919 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype frequently associated with poor prognosis. Due to the scarcity of targeted treatment options, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies frequently remain the standard of care. Unfortunately, their efficacy is limited as BLBC malignancies rapidly develop resistant phenotypes. Using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in human and murine BLBC cells, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant phenotypes in these mammary tumors. Specifically, we identified and characterized a novel short isoform of Roundabout Guidance Receptor 3 (ROBO3s), upregulated in BLBC in response to chemotherapy and encoding for a protein variant lacking the transmembrane domain. We established an important role for the ROBO3s isoform, mediating cancer stem cell properties by stimulating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, and thus driving resistance of BLBC cells to cytotoxic drugs. By uncovering the conservation of ROBO3s expression across multiple cancer types, as well as its association with reduced BLBC-patient survival, we emphasize its potential as a prognostic marker and identify a novel attractive target for anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Werner
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Chromosome Dynamics and Genome Stability, Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Dyas
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max-Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany ,Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Hutchison Research Centre, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Germany
| | - Iwan Parfentev
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geske E. Schmidt
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iga K. Mieczkowska
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas C. Müller-Kirschbaum
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Reinhardt
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evangelos Prokakis
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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AlSayegh HA, AlSubaie ZA, AlRamadhan HJ, AlAlwan QM, Ali HAA, AlObaid J. A case of horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:3132-3138. [PMID: 35774052 PMCID: PMC9237946 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis is a rare entity with few cases in the literature. Despite the fact the patient will not present with typical symptoms of this syndrome, clinical suspicion should be raised particularly in terms of imaging findings. Imaging findings are characteristic to flag the possibility of this syndrome. Keeping in mind such congenital abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging particularly for radiologists might help in the management process. Multidisciplinary teams play a crucial role in terms of communication to find the clinical, radiological and genetic studies to reach the diagnosis.
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31
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Huang Y, Ma M, Mao X, Pehlivan D, Kanca O, Un-Candan F, Shu L, Akay G, Mitani T, Lu S, Candan S, Wang H, Xiao B, Lupski JR, Bellen HJ. Novel dominant and recessive variants in human ROBO1 cause distinct neurodevelopmental defects through different mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2751-2765. [PMID: 35348658 PMCID: PMC9402236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) receptors, located on growth cones of neurons, induce axon repulsion in response to the extracellular ligand Slit. The Robo family of proteins controls midline crossing of commissural neurons during development in flies. Mono- and bi-allelic variants in human ROBO1 (HGNC: 10249) have been associated with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity for a breath of phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental defects such as strabismus, pituitary defects, intellectual impairment, as well as defects in heart and kidney. Here, we report two novel ROBO1 variants associated with very distinct phenotypes. A homozygous missense p.S1522L variant in three affected siblings with nystagmus; and a monoallelic de novo p.D422G variant in a proband who presented with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. We modeled these variants in Drosophila and first generated a null allele by inserting a CRIMIC T2A-GAL4 in an intron. Flies that lack robo1 exhibit reduced viability but have very severe midline crossing defects in the central nervous system. The fly wild-type cDNA driven by T2A-Gal4 partially rescues both defects. Overexpression of the human reference ROBO1 with T2A-GAL4 is toxic and reduces viability, whereas the recessive p.S1522L variant is less toxic, suggesting that it is a partial loss-of-function allele. In contrast, the dominant variant in fly robo1 (p.D413G) affects protein localization, impairs axonal guidance activity and induces mild phototransduction defects, suggesting that it is a neomorphic allele. In summary, our studies expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with ROBO1 variant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao Mao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feride Un-Candan
- Department of Neuroloy, Balikesir Ataturk Public Hospital, Balikesir 10100, Turkey
| | - Li Shu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sukru Candan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Balikesir Ataturk Public Hospital, Balikesir 10100, Turkey
| | - Hua Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Neurology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Mahabaleshwar H, Asharani PV, Loo TY, Koh SY, Pitman MR, Kwok S, Ma J, Hu B, Lin F, Li Lok X, Pitson SM, Saunders TE, Carney TJ. Slit‐Robo signalling establishes a Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate gradient to polarise fin mesenchyme. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54464. [DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - PV Asharani
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore City Singapore
| | - Tricia Yi Loo
- Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Shze Yung Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology University of South Australia, and SA Pathology North Tce Adelaide SA Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Samuel Kwok
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Xue Li Lok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore City Singapore
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology University of South Australia, and SA Pathology North Tce Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore City Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
| | - Tom J Carney
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Experimental Medicine Building Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore City Singapore
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33
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Corrêa T, Poswar F, Santos-Rebouças CB. Convergent molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2089-2102. [PMID: 34797484 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene (IDS), responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan and dermatan sulfate. IDS enzyme deficiency results in the accumulation of GAGs within cells and tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The progressive neurological outcome in a representative number of MPSII patients (neuronopathic form) involves cognitive impairment, behavioral difficulties, and regression in developmental milestones. In an attempt to dissect part of the influence of axon guidance instability over the cognitive impairment presentation in MPS II, we used brain expression data, network propagation, and clustering algorithm to prioritize in the human interactome a disease module associated with the MPS II context. We identified new candidate genes and pathways that act in focal adhesion, integrin cell surface, laminin interactions, ECM proteoglycans, cytoskeleton, and phagosome that converge into functional mechanisms involved in early neural circuit formation defects and could indicate clues about cognitive impairment in patients with MPSII. Such molecular changes during neurodevelopment may precede the morphological and clinical evidence, emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis and directing the development of potential drug leads. Furthermore, our data also support previous hypotheses pointing to shared pathogenic mechanisms in some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cíntia B Santos-Rebouças
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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Tsytsarev V, Kwon SE, Plachez C, Zhao S, O'Connor DH, Erzurumlu RS. Layers 3 and 4 Neurons of the Bilateral Whisker-Barrel Cortex. Neuroscience 2022; 494:140-151. [PMID: 35598701 PMCID: PMC9884091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In Robo3R3-5cKO mouse brain, rhombomere 3-derived trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV) neurons project bilaterally to the somatosensory thalamus. As a consequence, whisker-specific neural modules (barreloids and barrels) representing whiskers on both sides of the face develop in the sensory thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex. We examined the morphological complexity of layer 4 barrel cells, their postsynaptic partners in layer 3, and functional specificity of layer 3 pyramidal cells. Layer 4 spiny stellate cells form much smaller barrels and their dendritic fields are more focalized and less complex compared to controls, while layer 3 pyramidal cells did not show notable differences. Using in vivo 2-photon imaging of a genetically encoded fluorescent [Ca2+] sensor, we visualized neural activity in the normal and Robo3R3-5cKO barrel cortex in response to ipsi- and contralateral single whisker stimulation. Layer 3 neurons in control animals responded only to their contralateral whiskers, while in the mutant cortex layer 3 pyramidal neurons showed both ipsi- and contralateral whisker responses. These results indicate that bilateral whisker map inputs stimulate different but neighboring groups of layer 3 neurons which normally relay contralateral whisker-specific information to other cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Sung E Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos 295, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Celine Plachez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- Department of Neuroscience and Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, 338 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
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Matera E, Petruzzelli MG, Tarantini M, Gabellone A, Marzulli L, Ficarella R, Orsini P, Margari L. Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis with Overlapping Epilepsy and Learning Difficulties: A Case Report. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050613. [PMID: 35625000 PMCID: PMC9139940 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by the absence of horizontal gaze movements, progressive scoliosis, and typical brain, cerebellum, and medullary malformations. Here we describe a pediatric HGPPS case with overlapping epilepsy and learning difficulties. A 6-year-old girl was admitted to the University Hospital of Bari for the onset of a tonic–clonic seizure. Electroencephalogram showed slow and sharp waves on the right side with the tendency to diffuse. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated malformations compatible with HGPPS. Ophthalmological and orthopedic evaluations confirmed conjugate horizontal gaze palsy and mild thoracolumbar scoliosis. Neuropsychological assessment attested normal intelligence but serious difficulties in reading and writing. In spite of neuroradiological malformations, visual difficulties, and spinal deformities, literature data are limited about any coexisting neurocognitive HGPPS symptoms. Literature data regarding such topics are very limited. If, on the one hand, the coexistence of such symptoms can be interpreted as occasional, it could support the idea that they could fall within a spectrum of HGPPS anomalies. In addition to the standard investigations, the activation of specific neuropsychological assessment programs could help interventions improve the specialist care and the quality of life of HGPPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Matera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (E.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Tarantini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (E.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Gabellone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (E.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (E.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, Via Ospedale Di Venere 1, 70012 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (P.O.)
| | - Paola Orsini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, Via Ospedale Di Venere 1, 70012 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (P.O.)
| | - Lucia Margari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University Hospital “A. Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (E.M.); (M.T.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.M.)
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Münch J, Engesser M, Schönauer R, Hamm JA, Hartig C, Hantmann E, Akay G, Pehlivan D, Mitani T, Coban Akdemir Z, Tüysüz B, Shirakawa T, Dateki S, Claus LR, van Eerde AM, Smol T, Devisme L, Franquet H, Attié-Bitach T, Wagner T, Bergmann C, Höhn AK, Shril S, Pollack A, Wenger T, Scott AA, Paolucci S, Buchan J, Gabriel GC, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Petit F, McCarthy AA, Pazour GJ, Lo CW, Popp B, Halbritter J. Biallelic pathogenic variants in roundabout guidance receptor 1 associate with syndromic congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1039-1053. [PMID: 35227688 PMCID: PMC10010616 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent the most common cause of chronic kidney failure in children. Despite growing knowledge of the genetic causes of CAKUT, the majority of cases remain etiologically unsolved. Genetic alterations in roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) have been associated with neuronal and cardiac developmental defects in living individuals. Although Slit-Robo signaling is pivotal for kidney development, diagnostic ROBO1 variants have not been reported in viable CAKUT to date. By next-generation-sequencing methods, we identified six unrelated individuals and two non-viable fetuses with biallelic truncating or combined missense and truncating variants in ROBO1. Kidney and genitourinary manifestation included unilateral or bilateral kidney agenesis, vesicoureteral junction obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valve, genital malformation, and increased kidney echogenicity. Further clinical characteristics were remarkably heterogeneous, including neurodevelopmental defects, intellectual impairment, cerebral malformations, eye anomalies, and cardiac defects. By in silico analysis, we determined the functional significance of identified missense variants and observed absence of kidney ROBO1 expression in both human and murine mutant tissues. While its expression in multiple tissues may explain heterogeneous organ involvement, variability of the kidney disease suggests gene dosage effects due to a combination of null alleles with mild hypomorphic alleles. Thus, comprehensive genetic analysis in CAKUT should include ROBO1 as a new cause of recessively inherited disease. Hence, in patients with already established ROBO1-associated cardiac or neuronal disorders, screening for kidney involvement is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Münch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Engesser
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Austin Hamm
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Genetic Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christin Hartig
- Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Hantmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sumito Dateki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Laura R Claus
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Smol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Louise Devisme
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut de Pathologie, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Franquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut de Pathologie, Lille, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, APHP.Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Timo Wagner
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany; Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Division of Pathology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Ari Pollack
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tara Wenger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abbey A Scott
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Paolucci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jillian Buchan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Florence Petit
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | | | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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37
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Hirsch D, Kohl A, Wang Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:793161. [PMID: 35002640 PMCID: PMC8738170 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.793161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the inner workings of neural circuits entails understanding the cellular origin and axonal pathfinding of various neuronal groups during development. In the embryonic hindbrain, different subtypes of dorsal interneurons (dINs) evolve along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis of rhombomeres and are imperative for the assembly of central brainstem circuits. dINs are divided into two classes, class A and class B, each containing four neuronal subgroups (dA1-4 and dB1-4) that are born in well-defined DV positions. While all interneurons belonging to class A express the transcription factor Olig3 and become excitatory, all class B interneurons express the transcription factor Lbx1 but are diverse in their excitatory or inhibitory fate. Moreover, within every class, each interneuron subtype displays its own specification genes and axonal projection patterns which are required to govern the stage-by-stage assembly of their connectivity toward their target sites. Remarkably, despite the similar genetic landmark of each dINs subgroup along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the hindbrain, genetic fate maps of some dA/dB neuronal subtypes uncovered their contribution to different nuclei centers in relation to their rhombomeric origin. Thus, DV and AP positional information has to be orchestrated in each dA/dB subpopulation to form distinct neuronal circuits in the hindbrain. Over the span of several decades, different axonal routes have been well-documented to dynamically emerge and grow throughout the hindbrain DV and AP positions. Yet, the genetic link between these distinct axonal bundles and their neuronal origin is not fully clear. In this study, we reviewed the available data regarding the association between the specification of early-born dorsal interneuron subpopulations in the hindbrain and their axonal circuitry development and fate, as well as the present existing knowledge on molecular effectors underlying the process of axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hirsch
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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38
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Huang L, Guo J, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Wu X, Li H, Peng Y, Li N. Clinical features and genotypes of six patients from four families with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:949565. [PMID: 36186627 PMCID: PMC9515397 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.949565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare disorder mainly involved in ocular movement and spinal development. It is caused by a roundabout guidance receptor 3 (ROBO3) gene mutation. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of six patients with HGPPS and investigate the corresponding ROBO3 gene mutations. METHODS Patients underwent detailed clinical and imaging examinations. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect nucleotide variations in the disease-causing genes of HGPPS. RESULTS Six pathogenic variants were detected in the ROBO3 gene from six patients with HGPPS, including two novel compound heterozygous mutations, c.1447C > T (p.R483X) and c.2462G > C (p.R821P); c.1033G > C (p.V345L) and c.3287G > T (p.C1096F); a novel homozygous indel mutation, c.565dupC (p.R191Pfs*61); and a known missense mutation, c.416G > T (p.G139V). Patients with HGPPS had horizontal conjugated eye movement defects and scoliosis with variable degrees, as well as flattened pontine tegmentum and uncrossed corticospinal tracts on magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION Our genetic findings will expand the spectrum of ROBO3 mutations and help inform future research on the molecular mechanism of HGPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun Children's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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39
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Decourtye L, McCallum-Loudeac JA, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Young E, Sircombe KJ, Wilson MJ. Characterization of a novel Lbx1 mouse loss of function strain. Differentiation 2021; 123:30-41. [PMID: 34906895 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spine deformity affecting 2-3% of the population worldwide. The etiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Several GWAS studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near the gene LBX1 that is significantly correlated with AIS risk. LBX1 is a transcription factor with roles in myocyte precursor migration, cardiac neural crest specification, and neuronal fate determination in the neural tube. Here, we further investigated the role of LBX1 in the developing spinal cord of mouse embryos using a CRISPR-generated mouse model expressing a truncated version of LBX1 (Lbx1Δ). Homozygous mice died at birth, likely due to cardiac abnormalities. To further study the neural tube phenotype, we used RNA-sequencing to identify 410 genes differentially expressed between the neural tubes of E12.5 wildtype and Lbx1Δ/Δ embryos. Genes with increased expression in the deletion line were involved in neurogenesis and those with broad roles in embryonic development. Many of these genes have also been associated with scoliotic phenotypes. In comparison, genes with decreased expression were primarily involved in skeletal development. Subsequent skeletal and immunohistochemistry analysis further confirmed these results. This study aids in understanding the significance of links between LBX1 function and AIS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvianne Decourtye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy A McCallum-Loudeac
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia Zellhuber-McMillan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma Young
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen J Sircombe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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40
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Deniz A, Çomu S, Güngör M, Anık Y, Kara B. Compound Heterozygous ROBO3 Mutation in Two Siblings Presenting with Horizontal Gaze Palsy without Scoliosis: Case-Based Review. J Pediatr Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHorizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by a congenital absence of conjugated horizontal eye movements with progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. HGPPS is caused by mutations of the ROBO3 gene that disrupts the midline crossing of the descending corticospinal and ascending lemniscal sensory tracts in the medulla. We present two siblings, 5-year-old and 2-year-old boys with HGPPS, from non-consanguineous parents. The older brother was brought for the evaluation of moderate psychomotor retardation. He had bilateral horizontal gaze palsy with preserved vertical gaze and convergence. Scoliosis was absent. Cranial MRI showed brainstem abnormalities, and diffusion tensor imaging showed absent decussation of cortico-spinal tracts in the medulla. Clinical diagnosis of HGPPS was confirmed by sequencing of ROBO3 gene, IVS4–1G > A (c.767–1G > A) and c.328_329delinsCCC (p.Asp110Profs*57) compound heterozygous variations were found, and segregated in parents. The younger boy was first reported at 16 months of age and had the same clinical and neuroradiological findings, unlike mild psychomotor retardation. ROBO3 gene analysis showed the same variants in his brother. Our cases show the importance of evaluating eye movements in children with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and looking for brainstem abnormalities in children with bilateral horizontal gaze palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Deniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Kocaeli Universitesi, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sinan Çomu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Anadolu Health Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mesut Güngör
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Kocaeli Universitesi, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yonca Anık
- Deparment of Radiology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Kocaeli Universitesi, Kocaeli, Turkey
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41
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Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements and accompanied by progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. It occurs due to mutation in ROBO 3 gene/chromosome 11q23-q25. We report a case of a 60-year-old lady who presented with complaints of defective vision in both eyes. On examination, she had scoliosis with restricted abduction and adduction in both eyes with intact elevation and depression. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit showed brainstem hypoplasia with absence of facial colliculi, presence of a deep midline pontine cleft (split pons sign), and a butterfly configuration of the medulla, which are the radiological findings seen in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shalini
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Virna M Shah
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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42
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Wurmser M, Muppavarapu M, Tait CM, Laumonnerie C, González-Castrillón LM, Wilson SI. Robo2 Receptor Gates the Anatomical Divergence of Neurons Derived From a Common Precursor Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668175. [PMID: 34249921 PMCID: PMC8263054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information relayed to the brain is dependent on complex, yet precise spatial organization of neurons. This anatomical complexity is generated during development from a surprisingly small number of neural stem cell domains. This raises the question of how neurons derived from a common precursor domain respond uniquely to their environment to elaborate correct spatial organization and connectivity. We addressed this question by exploiting genetically labeled mouse embryonic dorsal interneuron 1 (dI1) neurons that are derived from a common precursor domain and give rise to spinal projection neurons with distinct organization of cell bodies with axons projecting either commissurally (dI1c) or ipsilaterally (dI1i). In this study, we examined how the guidance receptor, Robo2, which is a canonical Robo receptor, influenced dI1 guidance during embryonic development. Robo2 was enriched in embryonic dI1i neurons, and loss of Robo2 resulted in misguidance of dI1i axons, whereas dI1c axons remained unperturbed within the mantle zone and ventral commissure. Further, Robo2 profoundly influenced dI1 cell body migration, a feature that was partly dependent on Slit2 signaling. These data suggest that dI1 neurons are dependent on Robo2 for their organization. This work integrated with the field support of a model whereby canonical Robo2 vs. non-canonical Robo3 receptor expression facilitates projection neurons derived from a common precursor domain to read out the tissue environment uniquely giving rise to correct anatomical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Ivy Wilson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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43
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Abstract
Abnormalities in cranial motor nerve development cause paralytic strabismus syndromes, collectively referred to as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders, in which patients cannot fully move their eyes. These disorders can arise through one of two mechanisms: (a) defective motor neuron specification, usually by loss of a transcription factor necessary for brainstem patterning, or (b) axon growth and guidance abnormalities of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. This review focuses on our current understanding of axon guidance mechanisms in the cranial motor nerves and how disease-causing mutations disrupt axon targeting. Abnormalities of axon growth and guidance are often limited to a single nerve or subdivision, even when the causative gene is ubiquitously expressed. Additionally, when one nerve is absent, its normal target muscles attract other motor neurons. Study of these disorders highlights the complexities of axon guidance and how each population of neurons uses a unique but overlapping set of axon guidance pathways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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44
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Filippopulos FM, Brem C, Seelos K, Köglsperger T, Sonnenfeld S, Kellert L, Vollmar C. Uncrossed corticospinal tract in health and genetic disorders: Review, case report, and clinical implications. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2804-2811. [PMID: 33949047 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Crossing pathologies of the corticospinal tract (CST) are rare and often associated with genetic disorders. However, they can be present in healthy humans and lead to ipsilateral motor deficits when a lesion to motor areas occurs. Here, we review historical and current literature of CST crossing pathologies and present a rare case of asymmetric crossing of the CST. METHODS Description of the case and systematic review of the literature were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed database was searched for peer-reviewed articles in English since 1950. All articles on ipsilateral stroke, uncrossed CST, and associated neurologic disorders were screened. Furthermore, a literature review between the years 1850 and 1980 including articles in other languages, books, opinions, and case studies was conducted. RESULTS Only a few descriptions of CST crossing pathologies exist in healthy humans, whereas they seem to be more common in genetic disorders such as horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis or congenital mirror movements. Our patient presented with aphasia and left-sided hemiparesis. Computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a perfusion deficit in the left middle cerebral artery territory, which was confirmed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so that thrombolysis was administered. Diffusion tensor imaging with fibre tracking revealed an asymmetric CST crossing. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of CST crossing pathologies is essential if a motor deficit occurs ipsilateral to the lesion side. An ipsilateral deficit should not lead to exclusion or delay of therapeutic options in patients with suspected stroke. Here, a combined evaluation of CT perfusion imaging and MRI diffusion imaging may be of advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Brem
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Seelos
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Köglsperger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Sonnenfeld
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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45
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Currant H, Hysi P, Fitzgerald TW, Gharahkhani P, Bonnemaijer PWM, Senabouth A, Hewitt AW, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium, Atan D, Aung T, Charng J, Choquet H, Craig J, Khaw PT, Klaver CCW, Kubo M, Ong JS, Pasquale LR, Reisman CA, Daniszewski M, Powell JE, Pébay A, Simcoe MJ, Thiadens AAHJ, van Duijn CM, Yazar S, Jorgenson E, MacGregor S, Hammond CJ, Mackey DA, Wiggs JL, Foster PJ, Patel PJ, Birney E, Khawaja AP. Genetic variation affects morphological retinal phenotypes extracted from UK Biobank optical coherence tomography images. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009497. [PMID: 33979322 PMCID: PMC8143408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) enables non-invasive imaging of the retina and is used to diagnose and manage ophthalmic diseases including glaucoma. We present the first large-scale genome-wide association study of inner retinal morphology using phenotypes derived from OCT images of 31,434 UK Biobank participants. We identify 46 loci associated with thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer or ganglion cell inner plexiform layer. Only one of these loci has been associated with glaucoma, and despite its clear role as a biomarker for the disease, Mendelian randomisation does not support inner retinal thickness being on the same genetic causal pathway as glaucoma. We extracted overall retinal thickness at the fovea, representative of foveal hypoplasia, with which three of the 46 SNPs were associated. We additionally associate these three loci with visual acuity. In contrast to the Mendelian causes of severe foveal hypoplasia, our results suggest a spectrum of foveal hypoplasia, in part genetically determined, with consequences on visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Currant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro Hysi
- School of Life Course Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas W. Fitzgerald
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pieter W. M. Bonnemaijer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Denize Atan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jamie Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Peng T. Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Eye and Vision Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Reisman
- Topcon Healthcare Solutions R&D, Oakland, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Maciej Daniszewski
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark J. Simcoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Nuffield Department Of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Single Cell Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chris J. Hammond
- School of Life Course Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen J. Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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Ambati A, Ju YE, Lin L, Olesen AN, Koch H, Hedou JJ, Leary EB, Sempere VP, Mignot E, Taheri S. Proteomic biomarkers of sleep apnea. Sleep 2021; 43:5830732. [PMID: 32369590 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent partial to complete upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to repetitive arousals and oxygen desaturations. Although many OSA biomarkers have been reported individually, only a small subset have been validated through both cross-sectional and intervention studies. We sought to profile serum protein biomarkers in OSA in unbiased high throughput assay. METHODS A highly multiplexed aptamer array (SomaScan) was used to profile 1300 proteins in serum samples from 713 individuals in the Stanford Sleep Cohort, a patient-based registry. Outcome measures derived from overnight polysomnography included Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea Index (OAHI), Central Apnea Index (CAI), 2% Oxygen Desaturation index, mean and minimum oxygen saturation indices during sleep. Additionally, a separate intervention-based cohort of 16 individuals was used to assess proteomic profiles pre- and post-intervention with positive airway pressure. RESULTS OAHI was associated with 65 proteins, predominantly pathways of complement, coagulation, cytokine signaling, and hemostasis which were upregulated. CAI was associated with two proteins including Roundabout homolog 3 (ROBO3), a protein involved in bilateral synchronization of the pre-Bötzinger complex and cystatin F. Analysis of pre- and post intervention samples revealed IGFBP-3 protein to be increased while LEAP1 (Hepicidin) to be decreased with intervention. An OAHI machine learning classifier (OAHI >=15 vs OAHI<15) trained on SomaScan protein measures alone performed robustly, achieving 76% accuracy in a validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex protein assays offer diagnostic potential and provide new insights into the biological basis of sleep disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ambati
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yo-El Ju
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Alexander N Olesen
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Henriette Koch
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Julien Jacques Hedou
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Eileen B Leary
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Vicente Peris Sempere
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Chaudhari K, Gorla M, Chang C, Kania A, Bashaw GJ. Robo recruitment of the Wave regulatory complex plays an essential and conserved role in midline repulsion. eLife 2021; 10:e64474. [PMID: 33843588 PMCID: PMC8096436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) guidance receptor family induces axon repulsion in response to its ligand Slit by inducing local cytoskeletal changes; however, the link to the cytoskeleton and the nature of these cytoskeletal changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that the heteropentameric Scar/Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), which drives Arp2/3-induced branched actin polymerization, is a direct effector of Robo signaling. Biochemical evidence shows that Slit triggers WRC recruitment to the Robo receptor's WRC-interacting receptor sequence (WIRS) motif. In Drosophila embryos, mutants of the WRC enhance Robo1-dependent midline crossing defects. Additionally, mutating Robo1's WIRS motif significantly reduces receptor activity in rescue assays in vivo, and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis shows that the WIRS motif is essential for endogenous Robo1 function. Finally, axon guidance assays in mouse dorsal spinal commissural axons and gain-of-function experiments in chick embryos demonstrate that the WIRS motif is also required for Robo1 repulsion in mammals. Together, our data support an essential conserved role for the WIRS-WRC interaction in Robo1-mediated axon repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chao Chang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Lysosomal Function and Axon Guidance: Is There a Meaningful Liaison? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020191. [PMID: 33573025 PMCID: PMC7911486 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal trajectories and neural circuit activities strongly rely on a complex system of molecular cues that finely orchestrate the patterning of neural commissures. Several of these axon guidance molecules undergo continuous recycling during brain development, according to incompletely understood intracellular mechanisms, that in part rely on endocytic and autophagic cascades. Based on their pivotal role in both pathways, lysosomes are emerging as a key hub in the sophisticated regulation of axonal guidance cue delivery, localization, and function. In this review, we will attempt to collect some of the most relevant research on the tight connection between lysosomal function and axon guidance regulation, providing some proof of concepts that may be helpful to understanding the relation between lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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49
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Xiu Y, Lv Z, Wang D, Chen X, Huang S, Pan M. Introducing and Reviewing a Novel Mutation of ROBO3 in Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis from a Chinese Family. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:293-301. [PMID: 32705527 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by ROBO3 gene mutations. To date, the number of confirmed HGPPS cases caused by gene mutations is estimated at 76. However, HGPPS caused by ROBO3 gene mutation has not been reported in the Chinese population. In this study, the clinical data, brain imaging features, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), and ROBO3 gene mutations were obtained for two Chinese patients with HGPPS. The proband was an 11-year-old boy. He developed horizontal eye movement disorder at the age of 1 year and scoliosis at the age of 11 years. Two eyeballs fixed in the midline position were revealed by neurological examination. A dorsal cleft in the pons and a butterfly-shaped medulla were shown by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Again, most corticospinal bundles did not cross in the brainstem, as revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. SEP confirmed that most somatosensory projections were uncrossed. The proband's 7-year-old brother exhibited similar clinical manifestations and imaging features. The brothers had compound heterozygous mutations c.3165G>A (p.W1055X) and c.955G>A (p.E319K) of the ROBO3 gene. The c.3165G>A mutation is a novel nonsense mutation that has not been previously reported. This study reports the first two cases of HGPPS carrying a novel ROBO3 gene mutation in patients from a Chinese family, thereby expanding the disease spectrum. Reports from the literature show that missense mutation is the most common mutational type in the ROBO3 gene. Early ROBO3 gene detection is required for patients exhibiting early-onset eyeball movement disorder to confirm HGPPS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xiu
- Eye institute & Xiamen eye Center, Affiliated Xiamen University, 336 Xiahe Road, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songmu Huang
- Eye institute & Xiamen eye Center, Affiliated Xiamen University, 336 Xiahe Road, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Meihua Pan
- Eye institute & Xiamen eye Center, Affiliated Xiamen University, 336 Xiahe Road, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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50
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Pinero-Pinto E, Pérez-Cabezas V, Tous-Rivera C, Sánchez-González JM, Ruiz-Molinero C, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, Benítez-Lugo ML, Sánchez-González MC. Mutation in ROBO3 Gene in Patients with Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis Syndrome: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:4467. [PMID: 32580277 PMCID: PMC7345006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by a congenital absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements with progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. Mutations in the Roundabout (ROBO3) gene located on chromosome 11q23-25 are responsible for the development of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. However, some studies redefined the locus responsible for this pathology to a 9-cM region. This study carried out a systematic review in which 25 documents were analyzed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The search was made in the following electronic databases from January 1995 to October 2019: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDRO, SPORT Discus, and CINAHL. HGPPS requires a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, in which magnetic resonance imaging might be the first technique to suggest the diagnosis, which should be verified by an analysis of the ROBO3 gene. This is important to allow for adequate ocular follow up, apply supportive therapies to prevent the rapid progression of scoliosis, and lead to appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pinero-Pinto
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.P.-P.); (J.-J.J.-R.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - Verónica Pérez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Spain INDESS (Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible), University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Cristina Tous-Rivera
- Nodo Biobanco Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Biobanco del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.-M.S.-G.); (M.C.S.-G.)
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Molinero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Spain INDESS (Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible), University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.P.-P.); (J.-J.J.-R.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - María-Luisa Benítez-Lugo
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.P.-P.); (J.-J.J.-R.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - María Carmen Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.-M.S.-G.); (M.C.S.-G.)
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