1
|
Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banerjee S, Nara R, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury D, Haldar S. Integrin Regulated Autoimmune Disorders: Understanding the Role of Mechanical Force in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852878. [PMID: 35372360 PMCID: PMC8971850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These immune processes are majorly regulated by adhesion molecules at cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell junctions. Integrin, a transmembrane focal adhesion protein, plays an indispensable role in these immune cell mechanisms. Notably, integrin is regulated by mechanical force and exhibit bidirectional force transmission from both the ECM and cytosol, regulating the immune processes. Recently, integrin mechanosensitivity has been reported in different immune cell processes; however, the underlying mechanics of these integrin-mediated mechanical processes in autoimmunity still remains elusive. In this review, we have discussed how integrin-mediated mechanotransduction could be a linchpin factor in the causation and progression of autoimmune disorders. We have provided an insight into how tissue stiffness exhibits a positive correlation with the autoimmune diseases’ prevalence. This provides a plausible connection between mechanical load and autoimmunity. Overall, gaining insight into the role of mechanical force in diverse immune cell processes and their dysregulation during autoimmune disorders will open a new horizon to understand this physiological anomaly.
Collapse
|
3
|
Moore EM, Maestas DR, Cherry CC, Garcia JA, Comeau HY, Davenport Huyer L, Kelly SH, Peña AN, Blosser RL, Rosson GD, Elisseeff JH. Biomaterials direct functional B cell response in a material-specific manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5830. [PMID: 34851674 PMCID: PMC8635437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
B cells are an adaptive immune target of biomaterials development in vaccine research but, despite their role in wound healing, have not been extensively studied in regenerative medicine. To probe the role of B cells in biomaterial scaffold response, we evaluated the B cell response to biomaterial materials implanted in a muscle wound using a biological extracellular matrix (ECM), as a reference for a naturally derived material, and synthetic polyester polycaprolactone (PCL), as a reference for a synthetic material. In the local muscle tissue, small numbers of B cells are present in response to tissue injury and biomaterial implantation. The ECM materials induced mature B cells in lymph nodes and antigen presentation in the spleen. The synthetic PCL implants resulted in prolonged B cell presence in the wound and induced an antigen-presenting phenotype. In summary, the adaptive B cell immune response to biomaterial induces local, regional, and systemic immunological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris C. Cherry
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan A. Garcia
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Y. Comeau
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean H. Kelly
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis N. Peña
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L. Blosser
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gedge D. Rosson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin Q, Liu Z, Chen Q. Controlled release of immunotherapeutics for enhanced cancer immunotherapy after local delivery. J Control Release 2021; 329:882-893. [PMID: 33053396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been demonstrated as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic owing to its unique advantages. However, although more and more immunotherapeutic agents have been approved for clinical use to activate the immune system, they also could interfere with the homeostatic role of immune system at non-target sites after systemic administration, which may be associated with fatal side effects such as lifelong autoimmune diseases. Thus, it is desirable to develop local delivery systems that could be applied at the targeted sides and engineered to locally control the pharmacokinetics of various immunotherapeutics, including small molecules, macromolecules or even cells. Advancements in biomaterials, biotechnology, nanomedicine and engineering have facilitated the development of local delivery systems for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. This review will summarize the recent advances in developing different local delivery systems and discuss how these delivery systems could be designed to regulate the release behavior of different immunotherapeutics to sustainably stimulate the systemic immune system, effectively and safely inhibiting the cancer recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, we will discuss how biomaterials-assisted local delivery systems would contribute to the development of cancer immunotherapy, together with their challenges and potential of clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Jin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) formed by foreign or self-antigens and antibodies in biological fluids affect various tissues and are thought to cause several diseases. Biological and physical properties of IC, abnormal IC amounts, IC deposition and their relationships with disease pathogenesis had been studied. However, the relationship between ICs and each disease is not well understood and little is known of what determined ICs deposition in particular organ and why different organs are affected in different diseases. Recent technological advance enables identification of ICs in particular its antigens in tissues and body fluids, which may provide a key to discover an important trigger for immunological abnormality occurrence. Further identification of their epitopes, that are the exact origin of antigenicity, is developing and may be useful for diagnosis, elucidation of pathogenesis and treatment against IC-induced diseases. Here, we first make an overview of clearance of ICs, IC-induced pathogenesis and biological properties of ICs. Then, we introduce various methods developed to recover ICs from biological fluids or to identify antigens incorporated into ICs. Furthermore, several methods that can be used in epitope mapping for IC antigens are also documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Aibara
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bar-Or A, Pender MP, Khanna R, Steinman L, Hartung HP, Maniar T, Croze E, Aftab BT, Giovannoni G, Joshi MA. Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:296-310. [PMID: 31862243 PMCID: PMC7106557 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) focused on B cells have created an atmosphere of excitement in the MS community. B cells are now known to play a major role in disease, demonstrated by the highly impactful effect of a B cell-depleting antibody on controlling MS. The idea that a virus may play a role in the development of MS has a long history and is supported mostly by studies demonstrating a link between B cell-tropic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and disease onset. Efforts to develop antiviral strategies for treating MS are underway. Although gaps remain in our understanding of the etiology of MS, the role, if any, of viruses in propagating pathogenic immune responses deserves attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Pender
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tap Maniar
- Clinical Development, Torque Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ed Croze
- IRIS-Bay, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Blake T Aftab
- Preclinical Science and Translational Medicine, Atara Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manher A Joshi
- Medical Affairs, Atara Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vishnubalaji R, Shaath H, Elango R, Alajez NM. Noncoding RNAs as potential mediators of resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:65-79. [PMID: 31733291 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evolution in cancer therapy has been witnessed lately, steering mainly towards immunotherapeutic approaches, replacing or in combination with classical therapies. Whereas the use of various immunotherapy approaches, such as adoptive T cell therapy, genetically-modified T cells, or immune checkpoint inhibitors, has been a triumph for cancer immunotherapy, the great challenge is the ability of the immune system to sustain long lasting anti-tumor response. Additionally, epigenetic changes in a suppressive tumor microenvironment can pertain to T cell exhaustion, limiting their functionality. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged over the last years as key players in epigenetic regulation. Among those, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied extensively for their potential role in regulating tumor immunity through direct regulation of genes involved in immune activation or suppression. In this review, we will provide an overview of contemporary approaches for cancer immunotherapy and will present the current state of knowledge implicating miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating immune response against human cancer and their potential implications in resistance to cancer immunotherapy, with main emphasis on immune checkpoints regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hibah Shaath
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramesh Elango
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabrizi M, Zhang D, Ganti V, Azadi G. Integrative Pharmacology: Advancing Development of Effective Immunotherapies. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:66. [PMID: 29704129 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, it is now evident that the antigen-specific activation of the patients' immune responses can be utilized for achieving significant therapeutic benefits. Novel molecules have been developed and promising advances have been achieved in cancer therapy. The recent success of cancer immunotherapy clearly reflects the novelty of the approach and importance of this class of therapeutics. Due to the nature of immunotherapy, i.e., harnessing the patient's immune system, it becomes critical to evaluate the important variables that can guide preclinical development, translational strategies, patient selection, and effective clinical dosing paradigms following single and combination therapies. To further boost the durability and efficacy profiles of IO (immuno-oncology) drugs following single agent therapy, novel combination therapies are being sought. Combination strategies have become critical for enhancing the anti-tumor immunity in broader cancer indications. Comprehensive methods are being developed to quantify the synergistic combination effect profiles at various development phases. Further evaluation of the signaling and pathway components can potentially establish a unique "signature" characteristic for specific combination therapies following modulation of various immunomodulatory pathways. In this article, critical topics related to preclinical, translational, and clinical development of IO agents are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Devarapu SK, Kumar Vr S, Rupanagudi KV, Kulkarni OP, Eulberg D, Klussmann S, Anders HJ. Reprint of "Dual blockade of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 is as effective as high dose cyclophosphamide in murine proliferative lupus nephritis". Clin Immunol 2017; 185:119-127. [PMID: 29111236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis still requires the use of unselective immunosuppressive drugs with significant toxicities. In search of more specific drugs with equal efficacy but fewer side effects we considered blocking pro-inflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and homeostatic chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), which both contribute to the onset and progression of proliferative lupus nephritis yet through different mechanisms. We hypothesized that dual antagonism could be as potent on lupus nephritis as the unselective immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CYC). We estimated serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL12 in patients with SLE (n=99) and compared the results with healthy individuals (n=21). In order to prove our hypothesis we used l-enantiomeric RNA Spiegelmer® chemokine antagonists, i.e. the CCL2-specific mNOX-E36 and the CXCL12-specific NOX-A12 to treat female MRL/lpr mice from week 12 to 20 of age with either anti-CXCL12 or anti-CCL2 alone or both. SLE patients showed elevated serum levels of CCL2 but not of CXCL12. Female MRL/lpr mice treated with dual blockade showed significantly more effective than either monotherapy in preventing proteinuria, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and renal excretory failure and the results are at par with CYC treatment. Dual blockade reduced leukocyte counts and renal IL-6, IL-12p40, CCL-5, CCL-2 and CCR-2 mRNA expression. Dual blockade of CCL2 and CXCL12 can be as potent as CYC to suppress the progression of proliferative lupus nephritis probably because the respective chemokine targets mediate different disease pathomechanisms, i.e. systemic autoimmunity and peripheral tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh Kumar Vr
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bing SJ, Ha D, Hwang I, Park E, Ahn G, Song JY, Jee Y. Protective Effects on Central Nervous System by Acidic Polysaccharide of Panax ginseng in Relapse-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced SJL/J Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1099-1110. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bearing pathologic and clinical similarities to human multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as a murine model to test potential therapeutic agents for MS. Recently, we reported the protective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG) in C57BL/6 strain-dependent EAE, a model of primary progressive MS. In this study, we extend our previous findings on the therapeutic capacity of APG in relapsing-remitting EAE (rr-EAE), the animal model to closely mimic recurrent inflammatory demyelination lesions of relapsing-remitting MS. Treatments with APG led to a significant reduction of clinical symptoms and the relapse rate of EAE than vehicle treatments. Consistent with this, histological examination revealed that APG markedly modulated the infiltration of CD4[Formula: see text] T cells and CD11b[Formula: see text] macrophages into the spinal cord and the APG-treated CNS was devoid of demyelination and axonal damages. In addition, APG decreased the proliferation of peripheral PLP-reactive T cells and the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IFN-[Formula: see text], IL-17 and TNF-[Formula: see text]. The fact that APG can induce clinically beneficial effects to distinct types of EAE furthers our understanding on the basis of its immunosuppression in EAE and, possibly, in MS. Our results suggest that APG may serve as a new therapeutic agent for MS as well as other human autoimmune diseases, and warrants continued evaluation for its translation into therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Bing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Danbee Ha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Insun Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vang AG, Basole C, Dong H, Nguyen RK, Housley W, Guernsey L, Adami AJ, Thrall RS, Clark RB, Epstein PM, Brocke S. Differential Expression and Function of PDE8 and PDE4 in Effector T cells: Implications for PDE8 as a Drug Target in Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:259. [PMID: 27601994 PMCID: PMC4993990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abolishing the inhibitory signal of intracellular cAMP is a prerequisite for effector T (Teff) cell function. The regulation of cAMP within leukocytes critically depends on its degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We have previously shown that PDE8A, a PDE isoform with 40–100-fold greater affinity for cAMP than PDE4, is selectively expressed in Teff vs. regulatory T (Treg) cells and controls CD4+ Teff cell adhesion and chemotaxis. Here, we determined PDE8A expression and function in CD4+ Teff cell populations in vivo. Using magnetic bead separation to purify leukocyte populations from the lung draining hilar lymph node (HLN) in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease (AAD), we found by Western immunoblot and quantitative (q)RT-PCR that PDE8A protein and gene expression are enhanced in the CD4+ T cell fraction over the course of the acute inflammatory disease and recede at the late tolerant non-inflammatory stage. To evaluate PDE8A as a potential drug target, we compared the selective and combined effects of the recently characterized highly potent PDE8-selective inhibitor PF-04957325 with the PDE4-selective inhibitor piclamilast (PICL). As previously shown, PF-04957325 suppresses T cell adhesion to endothelial cells. In contrast, we found that PICL alone increased firm T cell adhesion to endothelial cells by ~20% and significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of PF-04957325 on T cell adhesion by over 50% when cells were co-exposed to PICL and PF-04957325. Despite its robust effect on T cell adhesion, PF-04957325 was over two orders of magnitude less efficient than PICL in suppressing polyclonal Teff cell proliferation, and showed no effect on cytokine gene expression in these cells. More importantly, PDE8 inhibition did not suppress proliferation and cytokine production of myelin-antigen reactive proinflammatory Teff cells in vivo and in vitro. Thus, targeting PDE8 through PF-04957325 selectively regulates Teff cell interactions with endothelial cells without marked immunosuppression of proliferation, while PDE4 inhibition has partially opposing effects. Collectively, our data identify PF-04957325 as a novel function-specific tool for the suppression of Teff cell adhesion and indicate that PDE4 and PDE8 play unique and non-redundant roles in the control of Teff cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Vang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington, CT, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, National Hospital of the Faroe IslandsTórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Chaitali Basole
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca K Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - William Housley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Linda Guernsey
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alexander J Adami
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Roger S Thrall
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Paul M Epstein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stefan Brocke
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Devarapu SK, Kumar Vr S, Rupanagudi KV, Kulkarni OP, Eulberg D, Klussmann S, Anders HJ. Dual blockade of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 is as effective as high dose cyclophosphamide in murine proliferative lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:139-147. [PMID: 27392463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis still requires the use of unselective immunosuppressive drugs with significant toxicities. In search of more specific drugs with equal efficacy but fewer side effects we considered blocking pro-inflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and homeostatic chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), which both contribute to the onset and progression of proliferative lupus nephritis yet through different mechanisms. We hypothesized that dual antagonism could be as potent on lupus nephritis as the unselective immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CYC). We estimated serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL12 in patients with SLE (n=99) and compared the results with healthy individuals (n=21). In order to prove our hypothesis we used l-enantiomeric RNA Spiegelmer® chemokine antagonists, i.e. the CCL2-specific mNOX-E36 and the CXCL12-specific NOX-A12 to treat female MRL/lpr mice from week 12 to 20 of age with either anti-CXCL12 or anti-CCL2 alone or both. SLE patients showed elevated serum levels of CCL2 but not of CXCL12. Female MRL/lpr mice treated with dual blockade showed significantly more effective than either monotherapy in preventing proteinuria, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and renal excretory failure and the results are at par with CYC treatment. Dual blockade reduced leukocyte counts and renal IL-6, IL-12p40, CCL-5, CCL-2 and CCR-2 mRNA expression. Dual blockade of CCL2 and CXCL12 can be as potent as CYC to suppress the progression of proliferative lupus nephritis probably because the respective chemokine targets mediate different disease pathomechanisms, i.e. systemic autoimmunity and peripheral tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh Kumar Vr
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Skundric DS, Cruikshank WW, Montgomery PC, Lisak RP, Tse HY. Emerging role of IL-16 in cytokine-mediated regulation of multiple sclerosis. Cytokine 2015; 75:234-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Chien TC, Lo SF, Ho CL. Chemical Composition and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa f. formosana Wood Essential Oil from Taiwan. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa Siebold & Zucc. f. formosana Hayata (Cupressaceae) is one of the treasured conifers in Taiwan. In this study, the wood essential oil of the species was extracted and its anti-inflammatory bioactivities analyzed. The composition analysis of the essential oil yielded a total of 57 compounds with α-terpineol (19.4%), τ-muurolol (16.9%), borneol (16%), and α-cadinol (10.9%) predominating. The anti-inflammatory assays of the essential oil suggest that C. obtusa f. formosana wood oil has no cytotoxicity, and was capable of inhibiting the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1, pro IL-1β, NO, iNOS, and NLRP3 in murine macrophage cells. It was unable, however, to inhibit the expression of COX-2. Further investigation of the effect of the essential oil on the cellular signal transduction indicated that it was capable of inhibiting ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38; it also showed excellent inhibition against ROS. Thus, the overall results indicated that C. obtusa f. formosana wood oil had very good anti-inflammatory efficacies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chien
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University, 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, I-Lan, 260, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Fong Lo
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University, 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, I-Lan, 260, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 100, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lang B, Willcox N. Autoantibodies in neuromuscular autoimmune disorders. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:293-307. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Nawata M, Saito K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Discontinuation of infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Chromogranin A is a T cell antigen in human type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2013; 50:38-41. [PMID: 24239002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (ChgA) is a beta cell secretory granule protein and a peptide of ChgA, WE14, was recently identified as a ligand for diabetogenic CD4 T cell clones derived from the NOD mouse. In this study we compared responses of human CD4 T cells from recent onset type 1 diabetic (T1D) and control subjects to WE14 and to an enzymatically modified version of this peptide. T cell responders to antigens were detected in PBMCs from study subjects by an indirect CD4 ELISPOT assay for IFN-γ. T1D patients (n = 27) were recent onset patients within one year of diagnosis, typed for HLA-DQ8. Controls (n = 31) were either 1st degree relatives with no antibodies or from the HLA-matched general population cohort of DAISY/TEDDY. A second cohort of patients (n = 11) and control subjects (n = 11) was tested at lower peptide concentrations. We found that WE14 is recognized by T cells from diabetic subjects vs. controls in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of WE14 with transglutaminase increased reactivity to the peptide in some patients. This work suggests that ChgA is an important target antigen in human T1D subjects and that post-translational modification may play a role in its reactivity and relationship to disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wekerle H, Meinl E. Multiple sclerosis: An old drug plays a new trick. Nature 2013; 502:314-5. [PMID: 24107991 DOI: 10.1038/nature12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Kwon KC, Verma D, Singh ND, Herzog R, Daniell H. Oral delivery of human biopharmaceuticals, autoantigens and vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:782-99. [PMID: 23099275 PMCID: PMC3582797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among 12billion injections administered annually, unsafe delivery leads to >20million infections and >100million reactions. In an emerging new concept, freeze-dried plant cells (lettuce) expressing vaccine antigens/biopharmaceuticals are protected in the stomach from acids/enzymes but are released to the immune or blood circulatory system when plant cell walls are digested by microbes that colonize the gut. Vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells upon oral delivery after priming, conferred both mucosal and systemic immunity and protection against bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens or toxin challenge. Oral delivery of autoantigens was effective against complications of type 1 diabetes and hemophilia, by developing tolerance. Oral delivery of proinsulin or exendin-4 expressed in plant cells regulated blood glucose levels similar to injections. Therefore, this new platform offers a low cost alternative to deliver different therapeutic proteins to combat infectious or inherited diseases by eliminating inactivated pathogens, expensive purification, cold storage/transportation and sterile injections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Dheeraj Verma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Nameirakpam D. Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Roland Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Savino C, Pelicci P, Giorgio M. The P66Shc/mitochondrial permeability transition pore pathway determines neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:719407. [PMID: 23766859 PMCID: PMC3671270 DOI: 10.1155/2013/719407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis play a crucial role in neurodegenerative disease and aging. Both mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) and swelling of mitochondria have been involved in neurodegeneration. Indeed, knockout mice for cyclophilin-D (Cyc-D), a key regulatory component of the PT pore (PTP) that triggers mitochondrial swelling, resulted to be protected in preclinical models of multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, how neuronal stress is transduced into mitochondrial oxidative stress and swelling is unclear. Recently, the aging determinant p66Shc that generates H2O2 reacting with cytochrome c and induces oxidation of PTP and mitochondrial swelling was found to be involved in MS and ALS. To investigate the role of p66Shc/PTP pathway in neurodegeneration, we performed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) experiments in p66Shc knockout mice (p66Shc-/-), knock out mice for cyclophilin-D (Cyc-D-/-), and p66Shc Cyc-D double knock out (p66Shc/Cyc-D-/-) mice. Results confirm that deletion of p66Shc protects from EAE without affecting immune response, whereas it is not epistatic to the Cyc-D mutation. These findings demonstrate that p66Shc contributes to EAE induced neuronal damage most likely through the opening of PTP suggesting that p66Shc/PTP pathway transduces neurodegenerative stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Savino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - PierGiuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Papanastasiou AD, Chatzantoni K, Mouzaki A. Current therapeutic leads for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: stem cell transplantation and inhibition of post-translational modifications of autoantigens. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1255-65. [PMID: 23489081 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.10.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complexity of autoimmune diseases is reflected on their clinicopathological heterogeneity and the failure to find treatments that cure them after over a century of research. Conventional treatments help ameliorate disease activity but they treat the symptoms whereas the diseases remain incurable in the vast majority of patients. OBJECTIVE To confront diseases of such nature it is essential to discover therapeutics that will lead to the induction of tolerance or the specific deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes. Current basic and clinical research strategies focus on the better identification of self-antigens, the induction of T regulatory cells that can suppress autoreactive cell activities or, more radically, the 'reformatting' of the immune system through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS We analyzed literature on autoimmune disease therapeutics, focusing on new antigens that may arise from post-translational modifications of common proteins and, also, the area of HSCT. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS With the recent discovery that citrullination of self-epitopes may be a major pathogenic mechanism for, at least, certain types of autoimmune diseases, it becomes apparent that potentially any self-antigen in the body can be a target of an autoimmune attack. In addition, although the available data on HSCT applied to patients suffering from severe refractory autoimmune diseases do not allow for the determination of the efficacy of the various methods employed to re-educate the immune system, they contribute to our understanding of disease pathogenesis and the improvement on the therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios D Papanastasiou
- University of Patras, Medical School, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras, GR-261 10, Greece +30 2610 969123 ; +30 2610 969123 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pressurized liquids as an alternative green process to obtain anti-inflammatory agents from rosemary, marjoram and basil. Proc Nutr Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
24
|
Ujiie H, Shimizu H. Evidence for pathogenicity of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune bullous diseases shown by animal disease models. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:901-5. [PMID: 23016514 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are characterized by blisters and erosions on the skin and/or mucous membranes, which are caused by autoantibodies directed to structural proteins of the epidermis and the epidermal basement membrane zone. This Viewpoint Essay discusses the contribution by autoreactive T cells to the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, with an emphasis on studies using active animal mouse models for these diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that cytokines produced by autoreactive T cells, the interaction between antigen-specific T cells and B cells and the function of regulatory T cells are likely related to the pathogenesis of AIBDs. In interpreting the experimental results, the limitations of those animal models should be considered. Further understanding of the pathogenicity of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells may lead to disease-specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ettinger M, Peckl-Schmid D, Gruber C, Laimer M, Thalhamer J, Hintner H, Gratz IK, Bauer JW. Transcutaneous gene gun delivery of hNC16A Induces BPAG2-specific tolerance. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1665-71. [PMID: 22377765 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune recognition and rejection of tissues expressing transfected genes is a major complication of gene replacement therapy for inherited genetic disorders. Owing to the high immunogenicity of human bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (hBPAG2), the induction and maintenance of tolerance to this neo-antigen is essential to deliver the gene product to patients with epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis. In a skin grafting mouse model, we used gene gun transfection with a construct encoding hNC16A, the immunodominant domain of hBPAG2, to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. Eighty percent of wild-type mice transfected with hNC16A showed long-term survival of skin grafts expressing hBPAG2. Tolerance was stable and transferable by T cells but not by B cells of tolerant mice to naive hosts. A dense Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell (T(reg)) infiltrate was noticed in grafts of tolerant mice and depletion of these cells resulted in a loss of tolerance. Taken together, we show that long-lasting hBPAG2-specific tolerance was induced with gene gun delivery of hNC16A through a T(reg)-dependent mechanism. This is of relevance to patients undergoing gene therapy and has broader implications for the treatment of antigen-specific autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ettinger
- Division of Molecular Dermatology and EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thorleifsdottir RH, Sigurdardottir SL, Sigurgeirsson B, Olafsson JH, Sigurdsson MI, Petersen H, Arnadottir S, Gudjonsson JE, Johnston A, Valdimarsson H. Improvement of psoriasis after tonsillectomy is associated with a decrease in the frequency of circulating T cells that recognize streptococcal determinants and homologous skin determinants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5160-5. [PMID: 22491250 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exacerbation of chronic psoriasis can be associated with streptococcal throat infections, and T cells that respond to peptide sequences common to streptococcal M proteins and skin keratins have been detected in patients' blood. To our knowledge, we have conducted the first blinded, prospective study to assess the impact of tonsillectomy on psoriasis. Twenty-nine patients with chronic psoriasis and history of exacerbation after sore throat were randomly assigned to tonsillectomy (n = 15) or control (n = 14) groups and monitored for 2 y clinically and by enumeration of circulating skin homing T cells that respond to short homologous M protein or keratin peptides. Thirteen patients (86%) showed sustained improvement after tonsillectomy ranging from 30 to 90% reduction in disease severity. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the degree of clinical improvement in individual patients and reduction in the frequency of peptide-reactive skin-homing T cells in their circulation. No corresponding clinical or immunologic changes were observed among the controls. These findings indicate that tonsillectomy may have a beneficial effect on chronic psoriasis because the palatine tonsils generate effector T cells that recognize keratin determinants in the skin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kimball S, Vieth R, Dosch HM, Bar-Or A, Cheung R, Gagne D, O'Connor P, D'Souza C, Ursell M, Burton JM. Cholecalciferol plus calcium suppresses abnormal PBMC reactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2826-34. [PMID: 21697250 PMCID: PMC3417163 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], is a potent modulator of immune cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether the sun-dependent nutrient, cholecalciferol, can alter disease-associated cellular immune abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN This was an open-label, 12-month, randomized controlled trial. SETTING Patients with MS were recruited from the MS Clinic at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto. PATIENTS Forty-nine patients were matched (for age, sex, disease duration, disease-modifying drug, and disability) and enrolled (treated n = 25; control n = 24). Four patients were lost to follow-up (n = 2 from each group). INTERVENTION Treated patients received increasing doses of cholecalciferol (4,000-40,000 IU/d) plus calcium (1200 mg/d), followed by equilibration to a moderate, physiological intake (10,000 IU/d). Control patients did not receive supplements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At enrollment and at 12 months, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferative responses to disease-associated, MS-relevant, and control antigens were measured, along with selected serum biochemical markers. RESULTS At 12 months, mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were 83 ± 35 nmol/liter and 179 ± 76 nmol/liter in control and treated participants, respectively (paired t, P < 0.001). Serum 1,25(OH)(2)D did not differ between baseline and 1 yr. In treated patients, 12-month PBMC proliferative responses to neuron antigens myelin basic protein and exon-2 were suppressed (P = 0.002). In controls, there were no significant changes in disease-associated PBMC responsiveness. There were no significant differences between groups in levels of selected biomarkers. INTERPRETATION MS-associated, abnormal T cell reactivities were suppressed in vivo by cholecalciferol at serum 25(OH)D concentrations higher than 100 nmol/liter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kimball
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Fontoura P. Monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis: Paradigm shifts and emerging challenges. MAbs 2011; 2:670-81. [PMID: 21124072 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.6.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to multiple sclerosis (MS) are based on altering the functions of the immune system, either by using broad immunosuppressive drugs used for transplantation rejection and rheumatology, or by modulating them more discreetly with beta interferon and synthetic amino-acid copolymers. These strategies are only partially successful, have important safety and tolerability limitations, and have shown to be mostly effective in earlier stages of the disease, in which acute relapses dominate the clinical picture. For progressive phenotypes of MS there are currently no effective therapeutic options. As very specific and potent immunosuppressive agents, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may offer considerable advantages over other therapies for MS. During the last decade, anti-a4 integrin natalizumab became the first approved mAb for treatment of relapsing MS, after convincingly demonstrating clinically significant effects on two large Phase 3 trials. Moreover, the concept of disease remission was introduced for the first time, to describe patients that show no signs of clinical or imaging markers of disease activity during therapy with natalizumab. Of the mAbs under development for MS, alemtuzumab and rituximab have also shown promising evidence of effectiveness, and potentially expanded the therapeutic horizon to reversal of disease progression in early relapsing patients, and progressive patients who previously had not been studied. However, the appearance of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in natalizumab-treated MS patients, as well as in patients with lymphoma, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab, and autoimmune-type complications in alemtuzumab-treated MS patients underlines the fact that extended efficacy comes with significant clinical risks. The challenge is then how best to utilize therapies that have evidently superior efficacy in a chronic disease of young adults, to obtain the best benefit-risk ratio, and how to monitor and prevent emergent safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fontoura
- Roche Pharmaceuticals, Pharma Research and Exploratory Development, Translational Medicine CNS, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Subit M, Gantt P, Broce M, Seybold DJ, Randall G. Endometriosis-associated infertility: double intrauterine insemination improves fecundity in patients positive for antiendometrial antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:100-7. [PMID: 21244562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Prospective registry study evaluating effects of endometriosis (E) and serum antiendometrial antibodies (AEA) on fecundity in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. METHOD OF STUDY AEA assays on 572 consecutive women receiving 969 single and 274 double IUI cycles. Logistic regression was utilized. RESULTS Fecundity was 11.5% (143/1243 cycles). Double IUI improved fecundity with significance achieved in certain study groups. Compared to the AEA- subgroup, all study groups except for the E+ AEA- group had significantly lower fecundity. Two study groups receiving double IUI had significantly increased fecundity, E- AEA+ (OR: 5.1, CI: 1.1-22.7, P=0.032) and E+ AEA+ (OR: 4.1, CI: 1.2-14.0, P=0.025) and significant predictors of pregnancy (E- AEA+, OR: 7.8, CI: 1.7-36.2, P=0.009 and E+ AEA+, OR: 4.2, CI: 1.2-15.1, P=0.026). CONCLUSION Double IUI improves fecundity in AEA+ patients. E-associated infertility is better diagnosed by the AEA assay than by surgery. Double IUI should be attempted prior to assisted reproductive technologies in AEA+ patients with normal fallopian tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Subit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University-Charleston Division, Charleston Area Medical Center, 800 Pennsylvania Avenue, Charleston, WV, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xue H, Liang F, Liu N, Song X, Yuan F, Luo Y, Zhao X, Long J, Sun Y, Xi Y. Potent antirheumatic activity of a new DNA vaccine targeted to B7-2/CD28 costimulatory signaling pathway in autoimmune arthritis. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:65-76. [PMID: 20695769 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a proinflammatory autoimmune disease attributed to failure of both CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Tr) and CD8(+)CD28(-) suppressor T (Ts) cells to control autoreactive CD4(+)CD28(+) Th1 (Th1) and autoantibody-producing B cells. Here we show a single intramuscular injection of our novel targeted DNA vaccine encoding Pseudomonas exotoxin A and costimulatory molecule B7-2 without autoantigens in a collagen-induced arthritis model simultaneously increased Tr and Ts cells and selectively decreased autoreactive Th1 cells. The vaccine induced a shift from Th1 to Th2 and Th3 cellular and cytokine profiles and a decrease in CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratios. Importantly, the vaccine showed potent antirheumatic activity by clinical and other examinations such as X-ray, histopathology, and anti-type II collagen IgG levels and was comparable to methotrexate, the current "gold standard" treatment. As an effective stimulator of both Tr and Ts cells and a specific suppressor of autoreactive Th1 cells, this vaccine is a promising therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- Department of Immunology, Beijing 307 Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Modulation of postoperative cognitive decline via blockade of inflammatory cytokines outside the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:20595-6. [PMID: 21098269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015282107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
33
|
Xinqiang S, Fei L, Nan L, Yuan L, Fang Y, Hong X, Lixin T, Juan L, Xiao Z, Yuying S, Yongzhi X. Therapeutic efficacy of experimental rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate by increasing partially CD4+CD25+Treg cells and inducing Th1 to Th2 shift in both cells and cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
34
|
PDE8 regulates rapid Teff cell adhesion and proliferation independent of ICER. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12011. [PMID: 20711499 PMCID: PMC2918507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abolishing the inhibitory signal of intracellular cAMP by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is a prerequisite for effector T (Teff) cell function. While PDE4 plays a prominent role, its control of cAMP levels in Teff cells is not exclusive. T cell activation has been shown to induce PDE8, a PDE isoform with 40- to 100-fold greater affinity for cAMP than PDE4. Thus, we postulated that PDE8 is an important regulator of Teff cell functions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found that Teff cells express PDE8 in vivo. Inhibition of PDE8 by the PDE inhibitor dipyridamole (DP) activates cAMP signaling and suppresses two major integrins involved in Teff cell adhesion. Accordingly, DP as well as the novel PDE8-selective inhibitor PF-4957325-00 suppress firm attachment of Teff cells to endothelial cells. Analysis of downstream signaling shows that DP suppresses proliferation and cytokine expression of Teff cells from Crem-/- mice lacking the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). Importantly, endothelial cells also express PDE8. DP treatment decreases vascular adhesion molecule and chemokine expression, while upregulating the tight junction molecule claudin-5. In vivo, DP reduces CXCL12 gene expression as determined by in situ probing of the mouse microvasculature by cell-selective laser-capture microdissection. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our data identify PDE8 as a novel target for suppression of Teff cell functions, including adhesion to endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hohlbaum AM, Skerra A. Anticalins: the lipocalin family as a novel protein scaffold for the development of next-generation immunotherapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 3:491-501. [PMID: 20477155 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.4.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anticalins are engineered ligand-binding proteins based on the human lipocalin scaffold. Their architecture is characterized by a rigid beta-barrel that supports four structurally hypervariable loops. Similar to antibodies, these loops form the natural ligand-binding site, usually for vitamins, hormones or secondary metabolites. Anticalins with novel specificities can be engineered by reshaping this loop region, using targeted random mutagenesis in combination with functional display and guided selection. Several drug candidates with specificities for exogenous low-molecular-weight substances, peptides and even protein targets (e.g., several disease-related cell surface receptors) have been obtained in this way. Owing to their exquisite specificity and high affinity, Anticalins are particularly attractive as antagonists for the manipulation of immune mechanisms, leading to either inhibitory or stimulatory effects. Compared with antibodies, Anticalins offer several practical advantages as they are much smaller, consist of a single polypeptide chain and can be produced easily in microbial expression systems.
Collapse
|
36
|
In vivo delivery of a microRNA-regulated transgene induces antigen-specific regulatory T cells and promotes immunologic tolerance. Blood 2010; 114:5152-61. [PMID: 19794140 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-214569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that incorporating target sequences for the hematopoietic-specific microRNA miR-142 into an antigen-encoding transgene prevents antigen expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To determine whether this approach induces immunologic tolerance, we treated mice with a miR-142-regulated lentiviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), and subsequently vaccinated the mice against GFP. In contrast to control mice, no anti-GFP response was observed, indicating that robust tolerance to the transgene-encoded antigen was achieved. Furthermore, injection of the miR-142-regulated vector induced a population of GFP-specific regulatory T cells. Interestingly, an anti-GFP response was observed when microRNA miR-122a was inserted into the vector and antigen expression was detargeted from hepatocytes as well as APCs. This demonstrates that, in the context of lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer, detargeting antigen expression from professional APCs, coupled with expression in hepatocytes, can induce antigen-specific immunologic tolerance.
Collapse
|
37
|
Koffeman EC, Genovese M, Amox D, Keogh E, Santana E, Matteson EL, Kavanaugh A, Molitor JA, Schiff MH, Posever JO, Bathon JM, Kivitz AJ, Samodal R, Belardi F, Dennehey C, van den Broek T, van Wijk F, Zhang X, Zieseniss P, Le T, Prakken BA, Cutter GC, Albani S. Epitope-specific immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis: clinical responsiveness occurs with immune deviation and relies on the expression of a cluster of molecules associated with T cell tolerance in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot phase II trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3207-16. [PMID: 19877047 DOI: 10.1002/art.24916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induction of immune tolerance to maintain clinical control with a minimal drug regimen is a current research focus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accordingly, we are developing a tolerization approach to dnaJP1, a peptide part of a pathogenic mechanism that contributes to autoimmune inflammation in RA. We undertook this study to test 2 hypotheses: 1) that mucosal induction of immune tolerance to dnaJP1 would lead to a qualitative change from a proinflammatory phenotype to a more tolerogenic functional phenotype, and 2) that immune deviation of responses to an inflammatory epitope might translate into clinical improvement. METHODS One hundred sixty patients with active RA and with immunologic reactivity to dnaJP1 were enrolled in a pilot phase II trial. They received oral doses of 25 mg of dnaJP1 or placebo daily for 6 months. RESULTS The dnaJP1 peptide was safe and well-tolerated. In response to treatment with dnaJP1, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of T cells producing tumor necrosis factor alpha and a corresponding trend toward an increased percentage of T cells producing interleukin-10. Coexpression of a cluster of molecules (programmed death 1 and its ligands) associated with T cell regulation was also found to be a prerequisite for successful tolerization in clinical responders. Analysis of the primary efficacy end point (meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria at least once on day 112, 140, or 168) showed a difference between treatment groups that became significant in post hoc analysis using generalized estimating equations. Differences in clinical responses were also found between treatment groups on day 140 and at followup. Post hoc analysis showed that the combination of dnaJP1 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was superior to the combination of HCQ and placebo. CONCLUSION Tolerization to dnaJP1 leads to immune deviation and a trend toward clinical efficacy. Susceptibility to treatment relies on the coexpression of molecules that can down-regulate adaptive immunity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Valdimarsson H, Thorleifsdottir RH, Sigurdardottir SL, Gudjonsson JE, Johnston A. Psoriasis--as an autoimmune disease caused by molecular mimicry. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:494-501. [PMID: 19781993 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is strongly associated with streptococcal throat infection, and patients have increased occurrence of such infections. Psoriatic lesional T cells are oligoclonal, and T cells recognizing determinants common to streptococcal M-protein and keratin have been detected in patients' blood. We propose that CD8(+) T cells in psoriatic epidermis respond mainly to such determinants, whereas CD4(+) T cells in the dermis preferentially recognize determinants on the streptococcal peptidoglycan that might itself act as an adjuvant. The streptococcal association might reflect the concurrence of superantigen production promoting skin-homing of tonsil T cells, M-protein mimicking keratin determinants, and adjuvant effects of the peptidoglycan. Accordingly, improvement of psoriasis after tonsillectomy should be associated with fewer T cells that recognize keratin and streptococcal determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Valdimarsson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Mast cells are still generally viewed as mediators of type I allergic or pseudoallergic reactions. Research over the past 10 years revealed that our view was too small and that mast cells are of key importance in innate immunity and also types II, III and IV adaptive immune reactions. Understanding their role in modulating and amplifying of inflammatory responses provides important insights into the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid or the control of infections. This helps us to understand the course of these diseases, their trigger mechanisms, and, the new role of agents, which can modulate the function of mast cells. These insights will help to develop new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Direct crosstalk between mast cell-TNF and TNFR1-expressing endothelia mediates local tissue inflammation. Blood 2009; 114:1696-706. [PMID: 19546478 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-11-187682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) controls bacterial infections and the induction of inflammatory Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. By dissecting Th1 cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (DTHRs) into single steps, we localized a central defect to the missing TNFR1 expression by endothelial cells (ECs). Adoptive transfer and mast cell knockin experiments into Kit(W)/Kit(W-v), TNF(-/-), and TNFR1(-/-) mice showed that the signaling defect exclusively affects mast cell-EC interactions but not T cells or antigen-presenting cells. As a consequence, TNFR1(-/-) mice had strongly reduced mRNA and protein expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 during DTHR elicitation. In consequence, intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed up to 80% reduction of leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion in TNFR1(-/-) mice. As substitution of TNF(-/-) mice with TNF-producing mast cells fully restored DTHR in these mice, signaling of mast cell-derived TNF through TNFR1-expressing ECs is essential for the recruitment of leukocytes into sites of inflammation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Raemer PC, Kohl K, Watzl C. Statins inhibit NK‐cell cytotoxicity by interfering with LFA‐1‐mediated conjugate formation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1456-65. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
Wigren M, Bengtsson D, Dunér P, Olofsson K, Björkbacka H, Bengtsson E, Fredrikson GN, Nilsson J. Atheroprotective effects of Alum are associated with capture of oxidized LDL antigens and activation of regulatory T cells. Circ Res 2009; 104:e62-70. [PMID: 19478203 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.196667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system represents a promising novel target for prevention of atherosclerosis. Several pilot vaccines that reduce atherosclerosis in experimental animals have been developed. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant Alum has been shown to have antiatherogenic properties in itself, suggesting that it may be a suitable adjuvant in possible future atherosclerosis vaccines. To characterize the immune pathways mediating this protection, we treated wild-type C57BL/6 and Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice with Alum or PBS. Analyses of splenocytes isolated from 12-week-old mice demonstrated that Alum increased the presence of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells and downregulated the expression of T cell activation markers CD28 and ICOS in Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice but not in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. A similar immunosuppressive phenotype was found also in 25-week-old Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice and was associated with reduced atherosclerosis. Alum precipitates recovered from the injection site of Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice contained antigens derived from oxidized LDL. These findings demonstrate that treatment of Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice with Alum results in an increase of regulatory T cells and suggest that these are activated by tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells presenting oxidized LDL antigens. Our findings provide improved mechanistic understanding of the atheroprotective properties of aluminum hydroxide adjuvants but also point to the importance of determining if hypercholesterolemia may compromise the efficacy of Alum-containing vaccines used clinically today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Entrance 72;91:12, Malmö University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mitomycin C-treated antigen-presenting cells as a tool for control of allograft rejection and autoimmunity: from bench to bedside. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:506-12. [PMID: 19393276 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells have been previously used in experimental models for tolerance induction in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. One problem with the therapeutic use of cells is standardization of their preparation. We discuss an immunosuppressive strategy relying on cells irreversibly transformed by a chemotherapeutic drug. Dendritic cells (DCs) of transplant donors pretreated with mitomycin C (MMC) strongly prolonged rat heart allograft survival when injected into recipients before transplantation. Likewise, MMC-DCs loaded with myelin basic protein suppressed autoreactive T cells of MS patients in vitro and prevented experimental autoimmune encephalitis in mice. Comprehensive gene microarray analysis identified genes that possibly make up the suppressive phenotype, comprising glucocorticoid leucine zipper, immunoglobulin-like transcript 3, CD80, CD83, CD86, and apoptotic genes. Based on these findings, a hypothetical model of tolerance induction by MMC-treated DCs is delineated. Finally, we describe the first clinical application of MMC-treated monocyte-enriched donor cells in an attempt to control the rejection of a haploidentical stem cell transplant in a sensitized recipient and discuss the pros and cons of using MMC-treated antigen-presenting cells for tolerance induction. Although many questions remain, MMC-treated cells are a promising clinical tool for controlling allograft rejection and deleterious immune responses in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Song X, Liang F, Liu N, Luo Y, Xue H, Yuan F, Tan L, Sun Y, Xi C, Xi Y. Construction and characterization of a novel DNA vaccine that is potent antigen-specific tolerizing therapy for experimental arthritis by increasing CD4+CD25+Treg cells and inducing Th1 to Th2 shift in both cells and cytokines. Vaccine 2008; 27:690-700. [PMID: 19095031 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently available treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are often ineffective in ameliorating the progression of disease, particularly the invasive destruction of articular cartilage and bone, and RA remains incurable. Therefore, vaccinotherapy of RA with an antigen-specific tolerizing DNA vaccine may offer new promise for overcoming this difficulty. Using recombinant technology, the DNA sequences encoding chicken type II collagen (CCOL2A1) with deleted N-propeptides were obtained from the plasmid pPIC9K/pCalpha(1)(II), and then cloned into pcDNA3.1(+). The resulting recombinant plasmid pcDNA-CCOL2A1 was produced in Escherichia coli, purified, characterized and used as a tolerizing DNA vaccine for the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Therapeutic efficacy and potential action mechanisms of pcDNA-CCOL2A1 tolerizing DNA vaccine against CIA were studied. Here we demonstrate that a single intravenous treatment with novel tolerizing DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1 can induce potent immune tolerance against CIA. The efficacy of this therapy was verified by clinical visual scoring, radiographic X-ray, histopathological examination, and anti-CII IgG levels. Furthermore, the action mechanism behind this efficacy can be at least partially attributed to increased CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells, which specifically down-modulate the T lymphocyte proliferative response to CCII, induce a shift of Th1 to Th2 cells, as well as down-regulate Th1-cytokine TNF-alpha, while up-regulating both Th2-cytokine IL-10 and Th3-cytokine TGF-beta. More importantly, pcDNA-CCOL2A1 alone seems to be as effective as the current "golden standard" treatment, methotrexate (MTX). Taken together, these results suggest that we have successfully developed a novel tolerizing DNA vaccine encoding CCII, which is the first description of a tolerizing DNA vaccine encoding CCII for antigen-specific tolerizing therapy but not prophylactic against CIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Song
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 8 Dongda Ave., Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gonçalves I, Nitulescu M, Ares MPS, Fredrikson GN, Jansson B, Li ZC, Nilsson J. Identification of the target for therapeutic recombinant anti-apoB-100 peptide antibodies in human atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2008; 205:96-100. [PMID: 19150065 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulation of oxidized LDL in the arterial wall is believed to play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Experimental studies have identified the presence of immune responses against epitopes in oxidized LDL that protects against atherosclerosis. We have produced human recombinant IgG against one of these epitopes (aldehyde-modified apoB-100 amino acids 661-680) and demonstrated that treatment with this human IgG1 2D03 antibody markedly reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. METHODS In the present study, we screened a panel of 25 carotid plaques associated with clinical symptoms and 26 clinically silent plaques obtained at surgery for presence of the aldehyde-modified apoB-100 peptide defined by the 2D03 antibody and compared the expression of this epitope with other plaque constituents, plasma lipoproteins levels, plasma oxidized LDL and autoantibodies against apoB-100 peptides. RESULTS We demonstrated that the epitope is commonly expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and that plaques associated with clinical symptoms have an almost three-fold higher content of this epitope (8.6+/-4.9% versus 22.1+/-12.2% immunostaining of total plaque area, p<0.0005). There was also a significant association between 2D03 epitope staining and the plaque content of cholesterol esters (r=0.43, p<0.05), whereas there was no association with plasma oxidized LDL and autoantibodies against apoB-100 peptides. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating the presence of the 2D03 epitope in human atherosclerotic lesions our findings support the possibility that treatment with this antibody may have beneficial effects also in humans. Furthermore, they suggest the possibility to use these or other similar antibodies for diagnostic imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in humans.
Collapse
|
46
|
Xi C, Tan L, Sun Y, Liang F, Liu N, Xue H, Luo Y, Yuan F, Sun Y, Xi Y. A novel recombinant peptide containing only two T-cell tolerance epitopes of chicken type II collagen that suppresses collagen-induced arthritis. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:729-37. [PMID: 19041137 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using oral-dosed native chicken or bovine type II collagen (nCII) to induce specific immune tolerance is an attractive strategy. However, the majority of clinical trials of oral tolerance in human diseases including RA in recent years have been disappointing. Here, we describe a novel recombinant peptide rcCTE1-2 which contains only two tolerogenic epitopes (CTE1 and CTE2) of chicken type II collagen (cCII). These are the critical T-cell determinants for suppression of RA that were first developed and used to compare its suppressive effects with ncCII on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The rcCTE1-2 was produced using the prokaryotic pET expression system and purified by Ni-NTA His affinity chromatography. Strikingly, our results showed clearly that rcCTE1-2 was as efficacious as ncCII at the dose of 50 microg/kg/d. This dose significantly reduced footpad swelling, arthritic incidence and scores, and deferred the onset of disease. Furthermore, rcCTE1-2 of 50 microg/kg/d could lower the level of anti-nCII antibody in the serum of CIA animals, decrease Th1-cytokine INF-gamma level, and increase Th3-cytokine TGF-beta(1) produced level by spleen cells from CIA mice after in vivo stimulation with ncCII. Importantly, rcCTE1-2 was even more potent than native cCII, which was used in the clinic for RA. Equally importantly, the findings that the major T-cell determinants of cCII that are also recognized by H-2(b) MHC-restricted T cells have not previously been reported. Taken together, these results suggest that we have successfully developed a novel recombinant peptide rcCTE1-2 that can induce a potent tolerogenic response in CIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xi
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 8, Dongda Ave, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kulkarni O, Eulberg D, Selve N, Zöllner S, Allam R, Pawar RD, Pfeiffer S, Segerer S, Klussmann S, Anders HJ. Anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer permits 75% dose reduction of cyclophosphamide to control diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and pneumonitis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:371-7. [PMID: 18997060 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.142711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYC) can control diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) by potent immunosuppression but remains associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Drugs that specifically target mediators of DPLN may help to reduce CYC dose and side effects. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1)/CCL2 mediates monocyte and T cell recruitment in DPLN and Ccl2-specific l-enantiomeric RNA Spiegelmer mNOX-E36 neutralizes the biological effects of murine Ccl2 in vitro and in vivo. We injected MRL(lpr/lpr) mice with DPLN from 14 weeks of age with vehicle, weekly 30 mg/kg CYC (full dose), monthly 30 mg/kg CYC (one-fourth full dose), pegylated control Spiegelmer, pegylated anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer (3/week), pegylated anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer plus CYC one-fourth full dose and mycophenolate mofetil. At week 24, DPLN and autoimmune lung injury were virtually abolished with CYC full dose but not with CYC one-fourth full dose. The CYC one-fourth full dose/Spiegelmer combination was equipotent to CYC full dose on kidney and lung injury. CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) and CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and serum interleukin-12p40 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were all markedly affected by CYC full dose but not by CYC one-fourth full dose. No additive effects of anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer were noted on bone marrow colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage counts and 7/4(high) monocyte counts, lymphoproliferation, and spleen T cell depletion. In summary, anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer permits 75% dose reduction of CYC for controlling DPLN and pneumonitis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, sparing suppressive effects of full-dose CYC on myelosuppression and T cell depletion. We propose anti-Ccl2 Spiegelmer therapy as a novel strategy to reduce CYC toxicity in the treatment of severe lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Kulkarni
- Nephrological Center, Medical Policlinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nawata M, Saito K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Discontinuation of infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 18:460-4. [PMID: 18535759 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologic drugs are effective but are also expensive, and it is difficult to evaluate the duration of treatment. Infliximab, an anti-TNFalpha antibody, suppresses arthritic activity and inhibits bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we document that infliximab could be discontinued after clinical remission in RA patients. Among 172 patients with RA who reached clinical remission following infliximab (3 mg/kg) and methotrexate (MTX, >6 mg/w), nine patients with sustained remission discontinued it. Clinical assessment was based on a disease activity score (DAS) that included a 28-joint count/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The disease was assessed before and after the start of infliximab treatment, and concomitant drug treatment-in the order of corticosteroid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) other than MTX-was gradually discontinued. We considered patients for discontinuation of infliximab treatment after remission (DAS28-ESR<2.6) had been sustained for more than 24 weeks. The nine patients able to discontinue treatment were all females, with a mean age of 53.8 years; eight patients were at stage I or II. The mean duration of disease was 28.7 months, and these patients were on corticosteroid treatment equivalent to a mean of 2.28 mg prednisolone (PSL). These nine patients all met the remission standard-that DAS28-ESR<2.6 for >or=24 weeks) -and so their treatment with concomitant drugs was discontinued. After the discontinuation of infliximab, the mean period of sustained remission was 14.2 months and the longest period was 29 months. The duration of disease was significantly shorter and the points from Steinbrocker's stage-classification were significantly lower in the infliximab-discontinued group than in the infliximab-continued group. Strategic reductions and/or discontinuations of concomitant treatment were performed in RA patients who attained clinical remission (DAS28<2.6) through treatment with infliximab and MTX. Nine patients successfully discontinued infliximab after maintaining clinical remission for more than 24 weeks. After infliximab was discontinued, clinical remission and suppression of joint destruction were maintained with MTX alone, especially in early RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nawata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bifulco M, Malfitano AM, Marasco G. Potential therapeutic role of statins in neurological disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8:827-37. [PMID: 18457539 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.5.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Statins, the inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, are currently among the most commonly prescribed agents for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is well established that statins reduce cholesterol levels and prevent coronary heart disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that statins have additional properties such as endothelial protection via actions on the nitric oxide synthetase system as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. There is evidence that all these actions might have potential therapeutic implications not only in stroke, but also in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and primary brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the protective effects of statins on various neurological diseases. Currently available data suggest that statins are safe and effective in the treatment of these neurological disorders, although further experiments and new data are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tung YT, Chua MT, Wang SY, Chang ST. Anti-inflammation activities of essential oil and its constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) twigs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:3908-13. [PMID: 17826984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chemical compositions of hydrodistilled essential oil and anti-inflammatory activities from the twigs of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. were investigated for the first time. The chemical constituents of the twig essential oil were further analyzed by GC-MS and they were found to be L-bornyl acetate (15.89%), caryophyllene oxide (12.98%), gamma-eudesmol (8.03%), beta-caryophyllene (6.60%), T-cadinol (5.49%), delta-cadinene (4.79%), trans-beta-elemenone (4.25%), cadalene (4.19%), and trans-cinnamaldehyde (4.07%). The effects of essential oil on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also examined. Results of nitric oxide tests indicated that twig essential oil and its major constituents such as trans-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene oxide, L-borneol, L-bornyl acetate, eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, E-nerolidol, and cinnamyl acetate have excellent activities. These findings demonstrated that essential oil of C. osmophloeum twigs have excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|