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Bölter B, Soll J. Once upon a Time - Chloroplast Protein Import Research from Infancy to Future Challenges. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:798-812. [PMID: 27142186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein import into chloroplasts has been a focus of research for several decades. The first publications dealing with this fascinating topic appeared in the 1970s. From the initial realization that many plastid proteins are being encoded for in the nucleus and require transport into their target organelle to the identification of import components in the cytosol, chloroplast envelopes, and stroma, as well as elucidation of some mechanistic details, more fascinating aspects are still being unraveled. With this overview, we present a survey of the beginnings of chloroplast protein import research, the first steps on this winding road, and end with a glimpse into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bölter
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
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2
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Kreel NE, Tabita FR. Serine 363 of a Hydrophobic Region of Archaeal Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus and Thermococcus kodakaraensis Affects CO2/O2 Substrate Specificity and Oxygen Sensitivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138351. [PMID: 26381513 PMCID: PMC4575112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeal ribulose 1, 5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is differentiated from other RubisCO enzymes and is classified as a form III enzyme, as opposed to the form I and form II RubisCOs typical of chemoautotrophic bacteria and prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. The form III enzyme from archaea is particularly interesting as several of these proteins exhibit unusual and reversible sensitivity to molecular oxygen, including the enzyme from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Previous studies with A. fulgidus RbcL2 had shown the importance of Met-295 in oxygen sensitivity and pointed towards the potential significance of another residue (Ser-363) found in a hydrophobic pocket that is conserved in all RubisCO proteins. In the current study, further structure/function studies have been performed focusing on Ser-363 of A. fulgidus RbcL2; various changes in this and other residues of the hydrophobic pocket point to and definitively establish the importance of Ser-363 with respect to interactions with oxygen. In addition, previous findings had indicated discrepant CO2/O2 specificity determinations of the Thermococcus kodakaraensis RubisCO, a close homolog of A. fulgidus RbcL2. It is shown here that the T. kodakaraensis enzyme exhibits a similar substrate specificity as the A. fulgidus enzyme and is also oxygen sensitive, with equivalent residues involved in oxygen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E. Kreel
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210–1292, United States of America
| | - F. Robert Tabita
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210–1292, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210–1292, United States of America
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3
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Ross KC, Zhang C. Separation of recombinant β-glucuronidase from transgenic tobacco by aqueous two-phase extraction. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Portis AR, Parry MAJ. Discoveries in Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase): a historical perspective. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:121-43. [PMID: 17665149 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Historic discoveries and key observations related to Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), from 1947 to 2006, are presented. Currently, around 200 papers describing Rubisco research are published each year and the literature contains more than 5000 manuscripts on the subject. While trying to ensure that all the major events over this period are recorded, this analysis will inevitably be incomplete and will reflect the areas of particular interest to the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie R Portis
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Dorokhov YL, Sheveleva AA, Frolova OY, Komarova TV, Zvereva AS, Ivanov PA, Atabekov JG. Superexpression of tuberculosis antigens in plant leaves. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ferreira R, Teixeira A. Sulfur starvation in Lemna leads to degradation of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase without plant death. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Douwe de Boer A, Weisbeek PJ. Chloroplast protein topogenesis: import, sorting and assembly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1071:221-53. [PMID: 1958688 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(91)90015-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Douwe de Boer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
For some 300 years the belief in "Life-as-Chemistry" has held sway as a singular theory understanding life. Despite its many successes, and in spite of decades of advanced research with highly sophisticated instrumentation, it has not solved any of the really basic mysteries of life (Science 181,583). Worse yet, every gain seems to be more than offset by additional serious problems and contradictions. We therefore offer a new "Life-as-Physics" paradigm for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Bulkley
- Seattle Institute for the Life Sciences, WA 98115
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10
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Ferreira RB, Davies DD. Conversion of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase to an acidic and catalytically inactive form by extracts of osmotically stressed Lemna minor fronds. PLANTA 1989; 179:448-455. [PMID: 24201768 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/1989] [Accepted: 05/15/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fronds of Lemna minor L. respond to a number of stresses, and in particular to an osmotic stress, by producing an enzyme system which catalyzes the oxidation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase; EC 4.1.1.39) to an acidic and catalytically inactive form. During the first 24 h of osmotic stress the induced oxidase system does not seem to exert a significant in-vivo effect on RuBPCase, presumably because of compartmentation. Subsequently, the oxidase system gains access to the enzyme and converts it to the acid and catalytically inactive form and eventually the oxidase system declines in activity.A number of partially acidified forms of RuBPCase are formed during oxidation, and this process appears to be correlated with the disappearance of varying numbers of SH residues. The number of-SH residues in RuBPCase from Lemna has been estimated at 89. However, RuBPCase isolated from 24-h osmotically stressed fronds showed a reduction in the number of-SH residues per molecule from 89 to 54. It seems likely that the oxidation of-SH groups is causally related to the acidification of RuBPCase which occurs during osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Ferreira
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
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Hua SB, Dube SK, Barnett NM, Kung SD. Polymorphism and Mendelian inheritance of photosystem II 23-kilodalton polypeptide. PLANTA 1989; 179:397-402. [PMID: 24201670 DOI: 10.1007/bf00391086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/1989] [Accepted: 06/05/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins from leaves of Nicotiana glauca Grah., N. langsdorffii Weinm., their reciprocal hybrids and amphiploid hybrid (N. glaucaxN. langsdorffii) were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Among a group of well-resolved polypeptides, in the isoelectric-point range of 5-5.5 and relative-molecular-mass (Mr) range of 18-23 kilodaltons (kDa), species-specific variation was observed. Polypeptides designated "L" and "l" are specific to N. langsdorffii, and "G" and "g" to N. glauca, while "C" is common to both species. Polypeptides "L", "G" and "C" are localized in the chloroplasts and associated with thylakoid membranes. Polypeptide "L" is more acidic than polypeptide "G", and both polypeptides have an Mr of 23 kDa. They were isolated from two-dimensional gels and their first 13 N-terminal amino-acid sequences were determined. These were found to be identical to the 13N-terminal amino acids of the photosystem II (PSII) 23-kDa polypeptide from spinach (T. Jansen et al. (1987) FEBS Lett. 216, 234-240) and, except for one change, to those from pea (R. Wales et al. (1989) Plant Molec. Biol., in press). Polypeptides "G" and "L" cross-react with antiserum against the PSII 23-kDa polypeptide from pea. Therefore, polypeptides "G" and "L" are extrinsic PSII 23-kDa polypeptides. They appear jointly and in equal amounts in the reciprocal hybrids. Since chloroplasts in Nicotiana are maternally inherited, these results demonstrate that polypeptides "G" and "L" are encoded by nuclear genes, are polymorphic variants of the PSII 23-kDa polypeptide, and are inherited in a Mendelian manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hua
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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De Almeida ERP, Gossele V, Muller CG, Dockx J, Reynaerts A, Botterman J, Krebbers E, Timko MP. Transgenic expression of two marker genes under the control of an Arabidopsis rbcS promoter: Sequences encoding the Rubisco transit peptide increase expression levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00330568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Chloroplast Genomes as Genetic Markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Valliammai T, Krishnasamy S, Gnanam A. Synthesis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by isolatedSorghum mesophyll chloroplasts. J Biosci 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02832208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin CM, Liu ZQ, Kung SD. Nicotiana chloroplast genome: X. Correlation between the DNA sequences and the isoelectric focusing patterns of the LS of Rubisco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1986; 6:81-87. [PMID: 24307224 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/1985] [Revised: 09/13/1985] [Accepted: 09/23/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of the DNA sequences of the rbcL gene from three Nicotiana species reveals a high degree of homology among the 1431 bp in the coding region. Only eight base pair differences are observed between N. otophora and N. tabacum, and between N. otophora and N. acuminata. Four base pair differences are observed between N. acuminata and N. tabacum. Most changes are in the third position of the codon resulting in only two amino acid alterations when N. otophora and N. acuminata are compared with N. tabacum. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the amino acid compositions of the LS derived from the DNA sequence are related to the IEF cluster pattern. A single charged residue is responsible for the difference in cluster pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, CatonsvilleBaltimore County, Catonsville, 21228, MD, U.S.A
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Yang RC, Dove M, Seligy VL, Lemieux C, Turmel M, Narang SA. Complete nucleotide sequence and mRNA-mapping of the large subunit gene of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) from Chlamydomonas moewusii. Gene X 1986; 50:259-70. [PMID: 3034732 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide (nt) sequence of the large subunit (LS) gene of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the green alga, Chlamydomonas moewusii, and mapping of transcription ends was achieved by two new strategies. The deduced LS sequence of 475 amino acid residues was compared with similar genes from six other species; cyanobacteria, land plants and a related alga (C. reinhardtii). The most conserved regions are the three ribulose bisphosphate binding sites and the CO2 activator site. The nt sequence conservation outside the coding region is limited to only three segments within the 5'-flanking region: a region of tandem repeats, TATAA box and ribosome-binding site. Termination point of transcription is an 'A' residue 3' to the first of two 18-nt inverted repeats, which has the potential to form a stem-loop hairpin structure. The possible role of these potential regulatory features for transcription and translation, and similar structures in other LS genes is presented.
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Smith HJ, Bourque DP. Species-specific proteins of the 50S subunit of the chloroplast ribosome in the genus Nicotiana. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1985; 71:26-30. [PMID: 24247334 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/1985] [Accepted: 03/25/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The large subunits (50S) of chloroplast ribosomes were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum, a species of the Western Hemisphere, and from N. excelsior and N. gossei, Australian species. Their proteins were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A pair of proteins (T12 and T12) observed in N. tabacum has electrophoretic mobilities which differ from those of a similarly migrating, and probably homologous, pair of proteins observed in N. excelsior and N. gossei. The species-specific proteins in N. tabacum differ slightly in electrophoretic mobilities based on both charge and molecular weight from those in N. excelsior and N. gossei. Tryptic digests of radioiodinated proteins reveal that the peptide maps of all six proteins are similar. These results suggest that chemically altered forms of one or more proteins of the 50S chloroplast ribosome subunit may exist in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 537 Biological Sciences West, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA
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19
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Mazur BJ, Chui CF. Sequence of a genomic DNA clone for the small subunit of ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from tobacco. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:2373-86. [PMID: 4000958 PMCID: PMC341161 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.7.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced a gene for the small subunit (SS) of ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from Nicotiana tabacum. The tobacco gene is most closely related to the SS genes from the dicots soybean and pea, and less so to the monocots wheat and Lemna; the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein is in all cases more closely conserved than is its chloroplast transit sequence. Unlike the genomic sequences of the two monocots, which have one intron, and the two other dicots, which have two introns, the tobacco gene has three introns. The third tobacco intron lies within a highly conserved region of the protein. Its position coincides with the boundary of a 12 amino acid insertion in the SS genes of higher plants, relative to those of blue green algae. The 5' flanking end of the gene carries 67 bp inverted repeats, which flank a series of eight direct repeats; the direct repeats themselves each carry inverted repeats. The 3' untranslated end of this gene differs by only 2 bp from that of an N. sylvestris SS gene.
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20
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Roeske CA, O'Leary MH. Carbon isotope effect on carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate catalyzed by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochemistry 1985; 24:1603-7. [PMID: 3924094 DOI: 10.1021/bi00328a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotope effect at CO2 has been measured in the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. The isotope effect is obtained by comparing the isotopic composition of carbon 1 of the 3-phosphoglyceric acid formed in the reaction with that of the carbon dioxide source. A correction is made for carbon 1 of 3-phosphoglyceric acid which arises from carbon 3 of the starting ribulose bisphosphate. The isotope effect is k12/k13 = 1.0178 +/- 0.0008 at 25 degrees C, pH 7.8. This value is smaller than the corresponding value for the spinach enzyme. It appears that substrate addition with the R. rubrum enzyme is principally ordered, with ribulose bisphosphate binding first, whereas substrate addition is random with the spinach enzyme. The carboxylation step is partially rate limiting with both enzymes.
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Mullet JE, Orozco EM, Chua NH. Multiple transcripts for higher plantrbcL andatpB genes and localization of the transcription initiation site of therbcL gene. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1985; 4:39-54. [PMID: 24310655 DOI: 10.1007/bf02498714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/1984] [Revised: 07/23/1984] [Accepted: 07/30/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have compared therbcL andatpB transcription units from spinach, maize, and pea. In most cases multiple transcripts were found for a given chloroplast gene. The 5' termini of these transcripts were determined by S1 nuclease protection and primer extension analyses. TherbcL transcripts have 5' termini 178-179 and 64 nucleotides (spinach), 300 and 59-63 nucleotides (maize), and 178 and 65 nucleotides (pea) upstream from their respective protein coding regions. TheatpB transcripts have 5' termini (453-454, 272-273, 179, and 99 nucleotides (spinach), 298-302 nucleotides (maize), and 351-355 nucleotides (pea) upstream from their respective protein coding regions. The intergenic distance between therbcL andatpB genes is relatively constant (152 to 157 base pairs) among the three chloroplast genomes. In spinach, maize, and pea, the 80 base pairs surrounding the 5' end of therbcL gene (±40 base pairs) have 85% sequence homology. Similarly, the 60 base pairs preceding theatpB gene have 48% sequence homology. Both genes have '-10' and '-35' regions that resemble the prokaryotic consensus promoter sequence. The larger, but not smaller,rbcL transcripts from spinach and pea can be labeled with alpha-(32)P-GTP by guanylyltransferase. These data suggest that DNA sequences 178-179 (spinach), 300 (maize), and 178 (pea) base pairs before therbcL protein coding regions represent sites of transcription initiation. The sequences 59-65 base pairs before therbcL protein coding regions may correspond to sites of RNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mullet
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, 10021-6399, New York, NY, USA
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Enzyme Activities and Leaf Constituents in Barley Seedlings at Different Nutrient Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0044-328x(84)80063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Harpster MH, Mayfield SP, Taylor WC. Effects of pigment-deficient mutants on the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins in maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1984; 3:59-71. [PMID: 24310301 DOI: 10.1007/bf00040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1983] [Accepted: 12/15/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have monitored the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins in developing pigment-deficient mutants of Zea mays. The proteins examined are the CO2-fixing enzymes, phoshoenolpyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.31) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.39), and three thylakoid membrane proteins, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (LHCP) of photosystem II, the 65 kilodalton chlorophyll a binding protein of photosystem I and the alpha subunit polypeptide of coupling factor I. Using a sensitive protein-blot technique, we have compared the relative quantities of each protein in mutants and their normal siblings. Carboxylase accumulation was found to be independent of chlorophyll content, while the amounts of the thylakoid proteins increase at about the same time as chlorophyll in delayed-greening mutants. The relative quantity of LHCP is closely correlated with the relative quantity of chlorophyll at all stages of development in all mutants. Because pigment-deficient mutants are arrested at early stages in chloroplast development, these findings suggest that the processes of chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis and thylakoid protein accumulation are coordinated during leaf development but that carboxylase accumulation is controlled by different regulatory mechanisms. A white leaf mutant was found to contain low levels of LHCP mRNA, demonstrating that the accumulation of LHCP mRNA is not controlled exclusively by phytochrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Harpster
- Department of Genetics, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A
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Protein changes in wheat infected with wheat streak mosaic virus and in barley infected with barley stripe mosaic virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0048-4059(83)81042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Dron M, Rahire M, Rochaix JD. Sequence of the chloroplast DNA region of Chlamydomonas reinhardii containing the gene of the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and parts of its flanking genes. J Mol Biol 1982; 162:775-93. [PMID: 6302265 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kumar A, Cocking EC, Bovenberg WA, Kool AJ. Restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA in interspecies somatic Hybrids of Petunia. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1982; 62:377-383. [PMID: 24270660 DOI: 10.1007/bf00275109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1981] [Accepted: 04/22/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of three different interspecific somatic hybrid plants revealed that the cytoplasms of the hybrids contained only cpDNA of P. parodii. The somatic hybrid plants analysed were those between P. parodii (wild type) + P. hybrida (wild type); P. parodii (wild type)+P. inflata (cytoplasmic albino mutant); P. parodii (wild type) + P. parviflora (nuclear albino mutant). The presence of only P. parodii chloroplasts in the somatic hybrid of P. parodii + P. inflata is possibly due to the stringent selection used for somatic hybrid production. However, in the case of the two other somatic hybrids P. parodii + P. hybrida and P. parodii + P. parviflora it was not possible to determine whether the presence of only P. parodii chloroplasts in these somatic hybrid plants was due to the nature of the selection schemes used or simply occurred by chance. The relevance of such somatic hybrid material for the study of genomic-cytoplasmic interaction is discussed, as well as the use of restriction endonuclease fragment patterns for the analysis of taxonomic and evolutionary inter-relationships in the genus Petunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Plant Genetic Manipulation Group, Department of Botany, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
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27
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Leible MB, Shoeman RL, Schweiger HG. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, a marker for chloroplast species specificity in Acetabularia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(82)90172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Hirai A. Isoelectrofocusing of non-carboxymethylated fraction I protein from green callus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kung SD, Zhu YS, Shen GF. Nicotiana chloroplast genome III. Chloroplast DNA evolution. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1982; 61:73-79. [PMID: 24271378 DOI: 10.1007/bf00261515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1981] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana chloroplast genomes exhibit a high degree of diversity and a general similarity as revealed by restriction enzyme analysis. This property can be measured accurately by restriction enzymes which generate over 20 fragments. However, the restriction enzymes which generate a small number (about 10) of fragments are extremely useful not only in constructing the restriction maps but also in establishing the sequence of ct-DNA evolution. By using a single enzyme, Sma I, a elimination and sequential gain of its recognition sites during the course of ct-DNA evolution is clearly demonstrated. Thus, a sequence of ct-DNA evolution for many Nicotiana species is formulated. The observed changes are all clustered in one region to form a "hot spot" in the circular molecule of ct-DNA. The mechanisms involved for such alterations are mostly point mutations but inversion and deficiency are also indicated. Since there is a close correlation between the ct-DNA evolution and speciation in Nicotiana a high degree of cooperation and coordination betwen organellar and nuclear genomes is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Catonsville, Md., USA
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HOOD LL, CHENG SG, KOCH U, BRUNNER JR. Alfalfa Proteins: Isolation and Partial Characterization of the Major Component ? Fraction I Protein. J Food Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Westhoff P, Zetsche K. Regulation of the synthesis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and its subunits in the flagellate Chlorogonium elongatum. Different levels of translatable messenger RNAs for the large and the small subunits in autotrophic and heterotrophic cells as determined by immunological techniques. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 116:261-7. [PMID: 6166473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(A)-rich and poly(A)-free RNAs were isolated from autotrophic and heterotrophic cells of the phytoflagellate Chlorogonium elongatum and translated in an mRNA-depleted reticulocyte lysate system. Immunoprecipitation methods were improved to detect large and small subunits of the chloroplast enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase synthesized in vitro. Large-subunit polypeptides were shown to be the translation products of poly(A)-free RNA having the same molecular weight as large subunits made in vivo. Small-subunit polypeptides were synthesized when poly(A)-rich RNA was used as a template. They were made in vitro as a precursor, with an Mr about 6000 larger than mature small subunits. Cells growing heterotrophically in the dark with acetate are provided with lower levels of mRNA activities for the large and the small subunits is at least partially controlled by the amounts of translatable mRNAs.
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34
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Kumar A, Wilson D, Cocking EC. Polypeptide composition of fraction 1 protein of the somatic hybrid between Petunia parodii and Petunia parviflora. Biochem Genet 1981; 19:255-61. [PMID: 7247934 DOI: 10.1007/bf00504272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the subunit polypeptide composition of Fraction 1 protein provides information on the expression of both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Fraction 1 protein, isolated from leaves of the somatic hybrid plants derived form the fusion of protoplasts of Petunia parodii and P. parviflora, was analyzed for its subunit polypeptide composition by isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea. The fraction 1 protein enzyme oligomer in the somatic hybrid plants contained small subunits resulting from the expression of both parental nuclear genomes, but probably only one of the parental large subunits, namely that of P. parodii. The relevance of such somatic hybrid material for the study of nucleocytoplasmic interrelationship is discussed, as well as the use of these fraction 1 protein isoelectric focusing patterns for the analysis of taxonomic relationships in Petunia.
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35
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Rochaix JD. Organization, function and expression of the chloroplast DNA ofChlamydomonas reinhardii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01959844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Taxomomic variation in amino acid compositions of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylases from grasses. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(81)90014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphatecarboxylase of maize. Nature 1980. [DOI: 10.1038/288556a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Vedel F, Lebacq P, Quetier F. Cytoplasmic DNA variation and relationships in cereal genomes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1980; 58:219-224. [PMID: 24301446 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNAs were isolated from four cereal genomes (cultivated wheat, rye, barley and oats) and compared by restriction nuclease analysis. Cleavage of cp and mt DNAs by Sal I, Kpn I, Xho I and EcoR I enzymes indicated that each cereal group contains specific cytoplasmic DNAs. A phylogenetic tree of cereal evolution has been obtained on the basis of cp DNA homologies. It is suggested that wheat and rye diverged after their common ancestor had diverged from the ancestor of barley. This was preceded by the divergence of the common ancestor of wheat, rye and barley and the ancestor of oats.The molecular weight of the different cp DNAs was determined from the Sal I and Kpn I patterns. cp DNAs from wheat, rye, barley and oats appeared to be characterized by a very similar molecular weight of about 80-82.10(6) d.In the case of the mt DNAs, the great number of restriction fragments obtained with the restriction enzymes used prevented precise comparisons and determination of molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vedel
- Laboratoire de Photosynthèse, Gif sur Yvette, France
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39
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Non-mendelian mutation affecting ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase structure and activity. Nature 1980. [DOI: 10.1038/285114a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Silverthorne J, Ellis RJ. Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. VIII. Differential synthesis of chloroplast proteins during spinach leaf development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 607:319-30. [PMID: 6154482 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Excised primary leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) incorporate [35S]-methionine into a number of chloroplast polypeptides. The ratio of incorporation of isotope into the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase relative to a thylakoid polypeptide (peak D) decreases during leaf development in whole leaves; this changing pattern of incorporation is also observed in isolated chloroplasts where these two polypeptides are the major products of protein synthesis. Chloroplast RNA prepared from developing leaves was translated in a reticulocyte lysate extract to yield full-length carboxylase large subunit and peak D polypeptides. The fidelity of translation of these two polypeptides was checked by partial protease digestion. Changes in the synthesis of the large subunit of the carboxylase and peak D in developing leaves are reflected in changes in the amount of translatable mRNA for these two polypeptides.
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Lett MC, Fleck J, Fritsch C, Durr A, Hirth L. Suitable conditions for characterization, identification, and isolation of the mRNA of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Nicotiana sylvestris. PLANTA 1980; 148:211-216. [PMID: 24309821 DOI: 10.1007/bf00380029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1979] [Accepted: 10/09/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The products synthesized in vitro by messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from Nicotiana sylvestris were analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels. Only three of the major polypeptides synthesized are considered here: P55, P32, and P20. P55 and P32 were translated from chloroplast mRNA. P55 corresponds to the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuP2) carboxylase; P32 is probably a chloroplast membrane protein. P20, the polypeptide synthesized from cytoplasmic poly(A)(+) RNA, is the precursor of the small subunit of RuP2 carboxylase. The balance between P20 and P32, in which their relative proportions varied inversely, was regulated by the age of the leaves and the time of illumination; we took advantage of this phenomenon to isolate the mRNA from the small subunit in relatively large amounts. This mRNA has a molecular weight of 350,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lett
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15, Rue Descartes, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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KUNG S, SAUNDER JAMESA, TSO T, VAUGHAN DAVIDA, WOMACK MADELYN, STAPLES ROBERTC, BEECHER GARYR. TOBACCO AS A POTENTIAL FOOD SOURCE AND SMOKE MATERIAL: NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOBACCO LEAF PROTEIN. J Food Sci 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb02605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geetha V, Mohamed AH, Gnanam A. Cell-free synthesis of active ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the mesophyll chloroplasts of Sorghum vulgare. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 606:83-94. [PMID: 6766320 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast and whole leaf cell RNA from Vigna sinensis, a C3 plant were used as exogenous templates for translation in a cell-free light-dependent system of isolated chloroplasts from Sorghum vulgare, a C4-type plant. Analysis of immunoprecipitates of the translated products with the total cellular RNA on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels revealed the synthesis of both the subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Similar analysis of the product translated with the RNA from Vigna chloroplasts, indicated the synthesis of only the large subunit of the carboxylase. Apparently the chloroplast protein synthetic machinery is capable of translating the mRNA for the smaller subunit of this protein as well, which is known to be translated in the cytoplasmic ribosomal system. Sufficient quantities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase were synthesised in vitro in the preincubated chloroplast system with the whole cell RNA from the C3 plant to assay the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate-dependent carboxylation. The newly synthesised protein in the cell-free system is identical in many ways to the native enzyme including the Mg2+ concentration-dependent shift in pH optima towards neutral side. It is specifically inhibited by anti-native ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
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Kung S, Chollet R, Marsho T. [30] Crystallization and assay procedures of tobacco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate car☐ylase-oxygenase. Methods Enzymol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)69032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sears BB. Disappearance of the heteroplasmic state for chloroplast markers in zygospores of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plasmid 1980; 3:18-34. [PMID: 6950439 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-619x(80)90031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Capel M, Redman B, Bourque DP. Quantitative comparative analysis of complex two-dimensional electropherograms. Anal Biochem 1979; 97:210-28. [PMID: 525787 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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The cyanogen bromide fragments of the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Processing of small subunit precursor of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and its assembly into whole enzyme are stromal events. Nature 1979. [DOI: 10.1038/278662a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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