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Mao W, Xiao Q, Shen X, Zhou X, Wang A, Jin J. How effort-based self-interest motivation shapes altruistic donation behavior and brain responses. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14552. [PMID: 38406999 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Prosocial behaviors are central to individual and societal well-being. Although the relationship between effort and prosocial behavior is increasingly studied, the impact of effort-based self-interested motivation on prosocial behavior has received less attention. In the current study, we carried out two experiments to examine the effect of motivation to obtain a reward for oneself on donation behavior and brain response. We observed that individuals who accumulated more money in the effort-expenditure rewards task (EEfRT) donated a lower proportion of their earnings. The sigmoid model fitted participants' choices in the EEfRT task, and the effort-reward bias and sigma parameters negatively correlated with the amount of money donated in the donation task. Additionally, the effort-reward bias and sigma parameters negatively predicted N2 amplitude during processing of charitable donation-related information. We propose that individuals who exhibit a lower level of effort-based self-interest motivation may allocate more cognitive control or attentional resources when processing information related to charitable donations. Our work adds weight to understanding the relationship between effort-based self-interest motivation and prosocial behavior and provides electrophysiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Mao
- School of Economics and Management, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejie Shen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Lab of Finance and Business Intelligence, Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Lab of Finance and Business Intelligence, Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
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2
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Kolivand P, Saberian P, Arabloo J, Behzadifar M, Karimi F, Rajaie S, Moradipour M, Parvari A, Azari S. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic injuries in Iran: An interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305081. [PMID: 38885239 PMCID: PMC11182493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the number of road accidents and deaths caused by them. The present study aimed to identify the effect of this epidemic on traffic accidents and their casualties in Iran. METHODS In this study, Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) was used in a semi-experimental design to measure the impact of the restrictive policies of COVID-19 on road accidents. Data were collected retrospectively from the Iran Red Crescent Society data set for 31 provinces from March 2017 to February 2022. The information related to the number of road accidents, injuries, deaths, and deaths in the hospital was collected. The Newey-West method is used for estimation. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software version 3.6.1. RESULTS Since February 2020 in Iran, the reduction in the number of road accidents and the number of injuries and deaths in these accidents was significant at 5% but the reduction of deaths in the scene and hospital was significant at 10%. In general, for all variables, the reduction trend was established only in the first months, and then it had an upward trend. CONCLUSION In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, the number of road accidents and their casualties decreased. Policies restricting traffic, quarantine, and fines for violators can be reasons for changing people's behavior and travel patterns and also lead to a reduction in traffic accidents and fatalities. Such studies can explain the importance of the policies in changing behavioural patterns and can be used as a guide in future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirhossein Kolivand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Economics, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Saberian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karimi
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rajaie
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Moradipour
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Parvari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Azari
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Hospital Management Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Chen GZ, Zhao FF, Li HM, Wu YW, Yan WJ. Beyond monetary value: how reward type drives cheating in a gender-judgment task. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1290793. [PMID: 38836237 PMCID: PMC11149652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1290793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Investigating the effects of monetary incentives on dishonest behavior provides valuable insights into human integrity and ethical decision-making processes. This study is conducted through the lens of self-concept maintenance theory. Aim The aim of this study is to examine the influence of different types of rewards (score-based vs. monetary) and their magnitude on dishonest behavior within a gender judgment task. Method Using a quantitative experimental design, this study involved 116 participants who were randomly assigned to conditions that differed in reward type (score or money) and magnitude (10 yuan vs. 50 yuan). Dishonest behavior was assessed using a gender judgment task with mechanisms to simulate conditions conducive to planned cheating. Results Results revealed significant differences in dishonesty rates between score and money conditions, with a higher proportion of dishonest participants observed in the score condition compared to the money condition. The timing of initial cheating was earlier in the score condition compared to the money condition. No significant differences were found in the proportion of dishonest participants, the cheating rate, or the timing of initial cheating across reward levels within either condition. The rate of cheating increased over time, suggesting a temporal dynamic in unethical decision making. Conclusion The study demonstrates that the nature of rewards significantly influences the likelihood of dishonest behavior, with intangible score-based rewards facilitating rationalizations for dishonesty more readily than tangible financial incentives. These findings enrich the understanding of moral psychology by highlighting the complex interplay between reward types, ethical rationalization, and the dynamics of dishonest behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Zhao Chen
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhao
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao-Ming Li
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Student Affairs Division, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Mental Illness, Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Wang S, Yang D. The Effect of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Stereotype Threat on Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Different Household Incomes. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1016. [PMID: 38131872 PMCID: PMC10740926 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have discussed the impact of the socioeconomically disadvantaged stereotype threat (SDST) on inhibitory control. But the specific influences of the SDST on inhibitory control in different household income groups are not clear. We hypothesized that the SDST had different effects on inhibitory control in individuals with distinct household income, and the attribution of stimuli would influence it as well, especially the currency value of the stimuli. To investigate it, two studies were conducted, which required inhibiting their motor responses. Specifically, Study 1 explored the influence of the SDST on basic inhibitory control. Study 2 analyzed the influence of the SDST on inhibitory control when the input stimuli included currency values and monetary conception. The results revealed that the inhibitory control ability was worse in the lower income group but not during the processing of stimuli with currency value. For the effect of the SDST, it found that there was a negative effect on those with a lower household income and a positive effect on those with a higher household income. Based on the findings, the effect of the SDST on inhibitory control in human beings is not stable; instead, it varies depending on the traits of the stimuli in different tasks and of the individuals themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Psychology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
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5
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Bartolini S, Piekalkiewicz M, Sarracino F, Slater G. The moderation effect of social capital in the relationship between own income, social comparisons and subjective well-being: Evidence from four international datasets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288455. [PMID: 38060523 PMCID: PMC10703203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we check whether social capital changes the association of subjective well-being with own income and social comparisons. We use panel data from Germany and publicly available data from three international surveys, for a total of nearly 500,000 respondents from industrial countries. Results show that the association of own income and social comparisons to subjective well-being weakens for individuals with high social capital. This finding holds in a variety of settings, and is robust to various measures of subjective well-being, of social capital, and of social comparisons. We also find evidence indicating that the role of social capital is, at least in part, causal. Finally, our findings support the macro-level implication that income differences are less related to subjective well-being differences in countries with high social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bartolini
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marcin Piekalkiewicz
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Sarracino
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg (STATEC), Luxembourg City, G.D. of Luxembourg
| | - Giulia Slater
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg (STATEC), Luxembourg City, G.D. of Luxembourg
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6
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Wang B, Peng X, Jiang M, Zhang J, Wu L. Boosting attachment security promotes prosociality: The mediating effect of moral disengagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 58:614-630. [PMID: 37696763 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
While attachment security is known to promote prosocial behaviour, a closer examination is needed to clarify the active mechanism in this relationship. We addressed this issue by examining the mediation effect of moral disengagement in two studies. Participants were assigned to the control priming group or the attachment security priming group. After the priming procedure, they completed the measurements of a sense of security, moral disengagement and prosocial behaviour. The results from both studies showed that compared with control priming, attachment security priming enhanced prosociality. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that moral disengagement mediated the relationship between attachment security and prosociality. The present findings extend the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of attachment security and prosociality, and provide insights into the effectiveness of boosting attachment security in intervening in moral disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Turner RN, Stathi S. Nostalgic intergroup contact and intergroup relations:Theoretical, empirical, and applied dimensions. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 51:101585. [PMID: 37244170 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the potential of nostalgic recall of intergroup contact as a means of enhancing intergroup relationships and tackling prejudice. In this article, we review the scarce but promising literature that integrates research on nostalgia and intergroup contact. We outline the mechanisms that explain the link between nostalgic intergroup encounters and improved intergroup attitudes and behavior. We further highlight the benefits that nostalgic contact reverie may have for intergroup relations - and beyond. We then discuss the potential of nostalgic intergroup contact as a strategy for real-world, prejudice reduction interventions. Finally, we draw on current research from the fields of nostalgia and intergroup contact to make suggestions for future research. "… nostalgic memories … lead to a vivid sense of commonality [which] accelerates the process of acquaintance in a community where formerly only barriers may have existed." [1, p. 454].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Turner
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Sofia Stathi
- School of Human Sciences, Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, London, SE10 9LS, UK
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8
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Tunney RJ, Raybould JN. Thinking about neither death nor poverty affects delay discounting, but episodic foresight does: Three replications of the effects of priming on time preferences. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:838-849. [PMID: 35422160 PMCID: PMC10031630 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221097047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We outline three attempts to replicate experiments that reported priming effects on time preferences measured by delay discounting. Experiment 1 tested the claim that images of poverty prime impulsive choice in people from less affluent backgrounds compared with people from more affluent backgrounds. Experiment 2 tested the claim that mortality salience-thinking about death-primes people to place more value on the future than people who thought about dental surgery. Experiment 3 tested the claim that an episodic foresight manipulation primes greater discounting than no episodic foresight. Experiments 1 and 2 failed to replicate the effects of priming on discount rates. Experiment 3 was a successful and very close replication of the effect of episodic foresight on discount rates.
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9
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Yoo D. The Dual Effect of Participation Level on Consumer Participation in Participatory CSR: The Role of CSR Fit and Social Support. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040285. [PMID: 37102798 PMCID: PMC10135749 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) provides companies with two benefits: creating social value and strengthening consumer relationships. Companies implement various types of CSR to maximize the positive effects of CSR, participatory CSR being one of these types. However, although the number of companies using participatory CSR in practice is increasing, academic interest in the effectiveness of participatory CSR has been insufficient. In particular, prior studies on the consumer perception of the participation level presented in participatory CSR do not show clear results. This study examines the influence of the participation level based on CSR fit and social support. The results of this study indicate that when there is a high CSR fit, consumers perceive the participation level as a benefit. However, when the CSR fit is low, consumers perceive the participation level as a cost. Additionally, the results show that the interactive effect of the participation level and CSR fit occurs only when there is less social support. When there is strong social support, consumers perceive the participation level as a benefit regardless of the CSR fit. Finally, the academic and practical implications of the results of this study are presented.
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10
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Lamy L, Fischer-Lokou J, Guéguen N, Guegan J. Priming congruence and COVID-19 vaccination intention: a mediation analysis. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2023; 12:79-86. [PMID: 38425890 PMCID: PMC10900976 DOI: 10.5114/hpr/157228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study took place at the height of the fifth wave of COVID-19 in France, coinciding with stigmatizing communication toward the unvaccinated. We hypothesized that adherence to this communication would facilitate or inhibit the effects of priming on vaccination intention, depending on whether the priming included a dimension of connection to others. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE In a convenience online French sample (N = 1800, M age = 26.30), vaccination intention was asked after love priming, no love/prejudice priming, materialism priming, or a control condition. Participants also reported their adherence to restrictive measures, i.e., media control, vaccination pass, and mandatory vaccination. RESULTS Vaccination intention was higher in the no love/prejudice and materialism conditions than in the love and control conditions. Adherence to restrictive measures mediated the effect of prejudice or materialism priming on intention to get vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Implications of these results are discussed in light of the socially situated cognition perspective and the congruence of (a) a societal context of communication toward the vaccine and the unvaccinated, (b) the participant's degree of adherence to that communication, (c) the theme of priming, whether or not related to feeling connected to others. Implications of materialism priming are discussed, and the effect of commitment on intention to get vaccinated.
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11
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Typical diet and type of economy do not predict food-sharing behaviors in three Tanzanian societies. Appetite 2023; 182:106414. [PMID: 36503008 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Food sharing behavior is a widely observed phenomenon, and it draws attention of scholars interested in finding both proximate and ultimate explanations of such practices. In the current study, we focused on possible socio-economic and environmental food-sharing predictors: type of economy (i.e., immediate-return vs. delayed-return) and typical diet composition (i.e., proportion of proteins and carbohydrates in typical daily caloric intake). We investigated whether members of three societies from Tanzania (N = 177), namely hunter-gatherers (Hadza), pastoralists (Datoga), and agriculturalists (Iraqw) differ with regard to food-sharing patterns in the Dictator Game and reactions to violations of the food-sharing norms in the Ultimatum Game. We found that neither the type of economy nor the typical diet influenced our outcomes. The results indicated, however, that food sharing behavior was positively predicted by certain individual-level characteristics: people of higher strength and lower body fat shared more food, and women were more willing to share food than men.
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12
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Juhl J, Biskas M. Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101545. [PMID: 36641833 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia (a sentimental longing for one's past) is a highly social emotion. We provide an evidence-based argument that nostalgia's sociality is one of its most defining and impactful characteristics. First, we review evidence that has established the highly social content of nostalgic reflection. Second, we summarize research that has demonstrated nostalgia's capacity to provide a sense of connectedness with others, and that this social connectedness, in turn, conveys intrapersonal psychological benefits (i.e., meaning in life, self-continuity, optimism, inspiration). Third, we outline research that has documented the interpersonal consequences of nostalgia (e.g., greater physical closeness, strengthened relational goals, increased help seeking, intensified empathy, elevated prosocial behavior). Finally, we call for applied research to investigate how the social character of nostalgia can be harnessed to improve people's social lives.
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13
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Huang H, Shi J, Ma H, Chen X, Luo Y. Are monetary gifts negatively labeled? Material benefits and prosocial motivation evaluation. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36576120 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2160692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether people perceive prosocial actors' prosocial motivations differently when prosocial actors gain monetary gifts and goods gifts. Across five studies, 1351 participants read different prosocial scenarios that depicted prosocial actors who gained either monetary or goods gifts. Then, they evaluated the prosocial motivations of the prosocial actors. Studies 1-5 consistently found that people perceived prosocial motivations to be less authentic when prosocial actors chose to receive monetary gifts compared with goods gifts. In addition, moral disgust and moral character evaluation mediated this effect (Studies 3-4). Moreover, the negative effect of monetary gifts on people's perception of prosocial motivation further undermined their helping intention to prosocial actors (Study 5). Our research expanded the understanding of people's perception of material gifts in prosocial behavior by proposing the model of monetary benefits aggravated tainted altruism. Besides, our findings provide insights into public policy and charity rules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Ma
- Shaanxi Normal University
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14
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Reflecting on Practice: An interview with Nigel Laurie. PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40926-022-00221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Ward S, Kim J. How does money make life meaningful? Socioeconomic status, financial self-efficacy, and meaning in life. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ward
- Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinhyung Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Wei C, Dang J, Liu L, Li C, Tan X, Gu Z. Economic inequality breeds corrupt behaviour. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 62:949-971. [PMID: 36444904 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Economists and political scientists have long debated the relations between economic inequality and corruption at the societal level. Extending this literature, we proposed and tested that economic inequality breeds the corrupt behaviour of individuals. Analyses of 45-year archival data from the United States found that official corruption crimes were more prevalent in years and states with greater economic inequality. Three subsequent experiments (N = 776) using economic games showed that individuals exposed to greater economic inequality exhibited more corrupt behaviour in both Chinese and American cultures. Furthermore, the increased desire for wealth and the perception of reduced fairness accounted for this effect. These findings highlight that excessive economic inequality creates a competitive environment in which people give priority to themselves over others and suggest a vicious cycle between economic inequality and corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Dang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Tan
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zibei Gu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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17
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Behavioral economics: who are the investors with the most sustainable stock happiness, and why? Low aspiration, external control, and country domicile may save your lives—monetary wisdom. ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9666999 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSlight absolute changes in the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index (SHSE) corresponded to the city’s immediate increases in coronary heart disease deaths and stroke deaths. Significant fluctuations in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index (SZSE) corresponded to the country’s minor, delayed death rates. Investors deal with money, greed, stock volatility, and risky decision-making. Happy people live longer and better. We ask the following question: Who are the investors with the highest and most sustainable stock happiness, and why? Monetary wisdom asserts: Investors apply their deep-rooted values (avaricious love-of-money aspiration and locus of control, Level 2) as a lens to frame critical concerns in the proximal-immediate (Shanghai Stock Exchange Index changes, Level 1) and the omnibus-distal contexts (domicile: city vs. country, Level 2) to maximize expected utility (portfolio changes, Level 1) and ultimate serenity (stock happiness, Level 1). We collected multilevel data—the longitudinal SHSE and 227 private investors’ daily stock happiness and portfolio changes for 36 consecutive trading days in four regions of China. Investors had an average liquid asset of $76,747.41 and $54,660.85 in stocks. This study is not a “one-shot” game with “nothing at stake.” We classified Shanghai and Beijing as the city and Shenzhen and Chongqing as the country. Our cross-level 3-D visualization reveals that regardless of SHSE volatility, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile enjoy the highest and most sustainable stock happiness with minimum fluctuations. Independently, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile tend to make fewer portfolio changes than their counterparts. Behaviorally, less is more, debunking the myth—risky decisions excite stock happiness. Our longitudinal study expands prospect theory, incorporates attitude toward money, and makes robust contributions to behavioral economics and business ethics. We help investors and ordinary citizens make happy, healthy, and wealthy decisions. Most importantly, the life you save may be your own.
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The impact of nature video exposure on pro-environmental behavior: An experimental investigation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275806. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze whether exposure to a nature documentary increases pro-environmental behavior (PEB). We test this causal link in an experiment where subjects viewed a video featuring either an urban (control treatment) or a nature setting (nature treatment). We consider two types of behavior: a monetary donation to an environmental non-governmental organization (ENGO) that we call an eco-donation, and subsequently, a non-monetary decision (i.e., recycle or not recycle headphone protectors) that we call an eco-action. We find that virtual exposure to nature boosts both eco-donation and eco-action. Interestingly, the increase in PEB only occurs for individuals who express low environmental values. We did not find any negative or positive spillover effects on the eco-action. We finally provide robustness checks and discuss policy implications.
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Zhang K, Li Y, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhang C, Wen J, Xu S. Money priming enhances sensitivity to the outcome feedback of decision-making under uncertainty: Evidence from an ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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How Do People Evaluate Themselves in Terms of Assertiveness and Ability After Having Failed or Succeeded: The (Economic) Consequences Matter! INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kuzminska AO, Gasiorowska A, Zaleskiewicz T. EXPRESS: Market mindset hinders interpersonal trust: The exposure to market relationships makes people trust less through elevated proportional thinking and reduced state empathy. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022:17470218221126416. [PMID: 36068664 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221126416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a series of five experiments, we provided evidence that evoking the market mindset negatively affects trust. We found that the market mindset reduces trust compared to the communal mindset (Experiment 1) and a neutral condition (Experiment 2). Next, we examined the psychological mechanisms behind the detrimental effect of the market mindset on trust and found that this effect was mediated by enhanced proportional thinking (Experiments 3 and 4) and reduced state empathy (Experiments 4 and 5). Finally, in a preregistered Experiment 5, we showed that these two psychological mechanisms are relatively independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olga Kuzminska
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Szturmowa 1/3, 02-678 Warsaw, Poland 49605
| | - Agata Gasiorowska
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Center for Research in Economic Behavior, Ostrowskiego 30b, 50-505 Wroclaw, Poland 86927
| | - Tomasz Zaleskiewicz
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Center for Research in Economic Behavior, Ostrowskiego 30b, 50-505 Wroclaw, Poland 86927
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Timme S, Hutchinson J, Regorius A, Brand R. The Influence of Affective Priming on the Affective Response During Exercise: A Replication Study. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:286-294. [PMID: 35690391 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinika Timme
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,Germany
| | - Jasmin Hutchinson
- Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA,USA
| | - Anton Regorius
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,Germany
| | - Ralf Brand
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,Germany
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Bareket O, Ein-Gar D, Kogut T. I will help you survive but not thrive: Helping decisions in situations that empower women. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research examines gender-based helping behavior from a social dominance perspective. We focused on the interplay between the gender of a prospective donor and the gender of the recipient in shaping donation decisions in contexts that either empower recipients or not. In two studies ( N = 866), male (but not female) donors chose to donate less often (Study 2) and to give lower amounts (Studies 1–2) to women in need than to men when donations were made in a potentially empowering context – a business context (e.g., donating to a person whose shop burned down), than in a nonempowering context – a domestic context (e.g., donating to a person whose house burned down). Lack of empathy for the female recipient among men partially mediated this gender–donation bias effect (Study 2). These findings suggest that men are less likely to help women in situations that empower women and challenge the existing gender hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Bareket
- Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Princeton University, USA
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Cheng L, Ma Q, Qiu W, Pei G. Decomposing the neural substrates of the supraliminal and subliminal buffering effects of money on negative emotions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang C, Zhao M, Xie C, Li J. The Influence of Infant Schema Cues on Donation Intention in Charity Promotion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869458. [PMID: 35910966 PMCID: PMC9326485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This research performed four experiments to investigate the influence of infant schema cues on charitable donation intention and examine the moderating effect of gender. The results indicate that: (1) individuals stimulated by infant schema (vs. adult schema) cues had a higher willingness to donate when facing charity promotion; (2) the main effect was not due to the perceived cuteness of character in posters; (3) empathy played an entirely mediating role in the relationship between infant schema cues and donation intention; (4) gender moderated the influence of infant schema on donation intention: infant schema cues are effective for improving females’ donation intention, but ineffective for males. These findings contributed to the literature on infant schema and provide practical significance for introducing infant schema in charity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunya Xie
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyi Li,
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Linos E, Lasky-Fink J, Halley M, Sarkar U, Mangurian C, Sabry H, Linos E, Jagsi R. Impact of Sexual Harassment and Social Support on Burnout in Physician Mothers. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:932-940. [PMID: 35730998 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burnout affects >50% of physicians, especially women. This study aimed to examine how negative workplace interactions can predict burnout, and whether positive social interactions can mitigate risk. Materials and Methods: In a study of 1627 physician mothers who responded to a survey by the Physician Moms Group, an online Facebook group, we first examined the association between workplace sexual harassment and burnout. In an embedded experiment, we then measured the causal impact of priming perceived social support and connectedness on the three dimensions of employee burnout. Results: Two-thirds of respondents reported having experienced sexual harassment in the past year. Sexual harassment by patients was associated with 0.27 points higher emotional exhaustion, one dimension of burnout (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.41), equivalent to the predicted impact of an additional 22 weekly work hours on emotional exhaustion. Sexual harassment by patients was also associated with 0.40 points higher patient depersonalization, another dimension of burnout (95% CI 0.27-0.53). Sexual harassment by colleagues was associated with 0.16 points higher emotional exhaustion (95% CI 0.02-0.30), but not other dimensions of burnout. We found no significant relationship between experiences of sexual harassment and levels of personal accomplishment (the third dimension of burnout) among this sample. Priming physician mothers to reflect on their connectedness with other physician mothers significantly increased their sense of personal accomplishment. The priming intervention did not yield a significant effect on emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Conclusions: Negative and positive social interactions each affect different dimensions of burnout. Sexual harassment-a pervasive type of negative social interaction-strongly predicts emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Reflecting on social connectedness-a type of positive social interaction-can improve one's sense of personal accomplishment with an effect similar in magnitude to more intensive in-person interventions, suggesting that social connectedness through online groups merits further consideration as a tool to mitigate burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Linos
- Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Fink
- Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Meghan Halley
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Urmimala Sarkar
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christina Mangurian
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hala Sabry
- Emergency Medicine, CEP America, Apple Valley, California, USA
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang F. Materialism Predicts College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention: A Serial Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864069. [PMID: 35719504 PMCID: PMC9201413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is perceived as a critical pillar for unemployment alleviation and economic growth, especially in the era of COVID-19, which highlights the importance of the entrepreneurial potential of college students. The current research focused on the role of personal values in the entrepreneurial process and investigated the relationship between materialism and entrepreneurial intention among college students. Few studies have been examined this relationship, and the underlying mechanisms were also not identified. From the perspective of personal value, we hypothesized that materialism could positively predict entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, based on McClelland's theory of need for achievement and the theory of planned behavior, a serial mediation model, with achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude as the mediators, was proposed. We conducted a correlational study on a sample of 1,002 Chinese university students to examine our hypotheses. They participated in an online survey and completed the measurement of entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, materialism, and achievement motivation. The hypothesized models were examined through serial mediation bootstrapping procedures. The results showed that materialism positively predicted college students' entrepreneurial intention, and this relationship was serially mediated through achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude. Materialism boosted college students' achievement motivation, which in turn was associated with a more positive entrepreneurial attitude and subsequently stronger entrepreneurial intention. The present research is the first to empirically examine this association's mechanism and establish a serial mediation involving achievement motivation and entrepreneurial attitude. For the theoretical contribution, the present research provides a more comprehensive picture of the role of personal values in entrepreneurship by complementing the effect of materialism. And regarding the practical implications, the present research implies the silver lining of materialism and points out a possible way to enhance college students' entrepreneurial intention, i.e., entrepreneurial education could take advantage of the characteristics of materialism and transform the “harmful” value into socially beneficial entrepreneurial intentions through enhancing their achievement motivation and positive attitude toward entrepreneurship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Li
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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Liu T, Wang D, Wang C, Xiao T, Shi J. The influence of reward anticipation on conflict control in children and adolescents: Evidences from hierarchical drift-diffusion model and event-related potentials. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 55:101118. [PMID: 35653919 PMCID: PMC9163699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward is deemed a performance reinforcer. The current study investigated how social and monetary reward anticipation affected cognitive control in 39 children, 40 adolescents, and 40 adults. We found that cognitive control performance improved with age in a Simon task, and the reaction time (RT) was modulated by the reward magnitude. The conflict monitoring process (target N2 amplitudes) of adolescents and the attentional control processes (target P3 amplitudes) of adolescents and adults could be adjusted by reward magnitude, suggesting that adolescents were more sensitive to rewards compared to children. Reward magnitudes influenced the neural process of attentional control with larger P3 in congruent trails than that in incongruent trials only in low reward condition. The result of hierarchical drift-diffusion model indicated that children had slower drift rates, higher decision threshold, and longer non-decision time than adolescents and adults. Adolescents had faster drift rates in monetary task than in social task under the high reward condition, and they had faster drift rates under high reward condition than no reward condition only in the monetary task. The correlation analysis further showed that adults' non-decision time and decision threshold correlated with conflict monitoring process (N2 responses) and attentional control process on conflicts (P3 responses). Adolescents' drift rates associated with neural process of attentional control. The current study reveals that reward magnitude and reward type can modulate cognitive control process, especially in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongran Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Di Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiannong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Feng J, Wang Y, Ji Z, Zhang D. The Effect of Ostracism on Adults' Materialism: The Roles of Security and Self-Construal. Front Psychol 2022; 13:796924. [PMID: 35519641 PMCID: PMC9062183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.796924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With consumer culture becoming more prominent, the value of materialism is growing rapidly. This study explored the formation of materialism in adults, based on the temporal need–threat model of ostracism and the theory of materialistic values. Specifically, this study examined the link between ostracism and materialism from the perspective of security and the moderating role of self-construal in this process. A sample of 1,272 Chinese adults (Mage = 35.90 ± 11.59, 47.2% male) was recruited to complete the Ostracism Experiences Scale, the Material Values Scale, the Security Questionnaire, and the Self-Construal Scale. The results showed that (1) ostracism positively predicted materialism in Chinese adults; (2) security partially mediated the relationship between ostracism and materialism; (3) and self-construal moderated this mediation model. The moderating effect of self-construal on the relationship between ostracism and security was significant. Specifically, the direct effect of ostracism on security was much stronger for adults with interdependent self-construal than for those with independent self-construal. However, self-construal had no significant moderating effect on the direct effect of ostracism on materialism. These findings suggest that ostracism may affect materialism by damaging adults’ feelings of security, and independent self-construal can buffer the damage of ostracism on security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Feng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Ji
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Denghao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Xu M, Zhang J, Li Z. Social exclusion modulates neural dynamics of monetary and social reward processing in young adult females. Biol Psychol 2022; 171:108344. [PMID: 35523363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that social exclusion increases one's sensitivity to monetary and social rewards. However, whether and how social exclusion modulates the neural dynamics of reward processing remains unknown. The current study aimed to address this gap by systematically investigating the differential influences of social exclusion on various stages of monetary and social reward processing. Forty-five female participants were recruited, and the Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion. To disentangle the anticipatory and consummatory stages of monetary and social reward processing, we recorded event-related potentials during two incentive delay tasks, one with a monetary reward and one with a social reward. The results showed that during the anticipatory stage, a larger contingent negative variation was observed for the exclusion group than for the inclusion group, regardless of reward type. During the consummatory stage, although the reward-related positivity was larger in the exclusion group than in the inclusion group, this difference was only observed for the social, and not monetary, reward feedback. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship between social exclusion and reward processing and suggest that while social exclusion might exert comparable enhancement effect for monetary and social reward processing during the anticipatory stage, it exerts a specific enhancement effect for social reward processing during the consummatory stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Xu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Eastern Languages and Cultures, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiai Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
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Mussel P, de Vries J, Spengler M, Frintrup A, Ziegler M, Hewig J. The development of trait greed during young adulthood: A simultaneous investigation of environmental effects and negative core beliefs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221090101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent models of personality development have emphasized the role of the environment in terms of selection and socialization effects and their interaction. Our study provides partial evidence for these models and, crucially, extends these models by adding a person variable: Core beliefs, which are defined as mental representations of experiences that individuals have while pursuing need-fulfilling goals. Specifically, we report results from a longitudinal investigation of the development of trait greed across time. Based on data from the German Personality Panel, we analyzed data on 1,965 young adults on up to 4 occasions, spanning a period of more than 3 years. According to our results, negative core beliefs that have so far been proposed only in the clinical literature (e.g., being unloved or being insecure) contributed to the development of trait greed, indicating that striving for material goals might be a substitute for unmet needs in the past. Additionally, greedy individuals more often self-selected themselves into business-related environments, which presumably allow them to fulfill their greed-related need to earn a lot of money. Our results expose important mechanisms for trait greed development. Regarding personality development in general, core beliefs were identified as an important variable for future theory building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mussel
- Division for Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jantje de Vries
- Division for Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Ziegler
- Division for Psychological Diagnostics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hewig
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology I, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Milyavsky M, Kruglanski AW, Gelfand M, Chernikova M, Ellenberg M, Pierro A. People Who Need People (and Some Who Think They Don't): On Compensatory Personal and Social Means of Goal Pursuit. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2022.2037986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gasiorowska A, Zaleskiewicz T. Can We Get Social Assistance Without Losing Agency? Engaging in Market Relationships as an Alternative to Searching for Help from Others. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2022.2037998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gasiorowska
- Center for Research in Economic Behavior (CREB), SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaleskiewicz
- Center for Research in Economic Behavior (CREB), SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that money priming changes adults’ behavior and self-esteem, making them become more congruent with market mode. Money priming has also been seen to change behavior in children who have yet develop a complete understanding of its instrumental functions. Since money’s association with markets changes people’s behavior even in childhood, it is possible that its links and ties to self-esteem are forged at an early stage in life. The studies presented in this article aimed to verify how money priming affects various types of self-evaluations made by children. Two experimental studies were conducted. A total of 83 children aged 8–10 years took part in the first study, while 103 children aged 4–6 years took part in the second study. The results demonstrate that priming with money may change some, but not all, of children’s self-evaluations. Subsequent to money priming, children’s self-evaluations became more congruent with market mode: under the influence of money priming, children’s self-evaluations increased in domains involving perceived competences (associated with feelings of agency), but did not increase in domains related to social relationships.
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The relationship between adolescents' materialism and cooperative propensity: The mediating role of greed and the moderating role of awe. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Liu XS. Bias correction for eta squared in one-way ANOVA. METHODOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/meth.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eta squared is a popular effect size, but contains positive bias. Bootstrapping can be used to remove the bias from eta squared. Compared to epsilon squared and omega squared, bootstrap bias correction does not make distributional assumption, and it is easy to implement. A real example and computer simulations are included to illustrate its application. The bootstrap bias-corrected eta squared shows very little bias, and it serves as a good alternative to eta squared and epsilon squared, the latter of which can turn negative in some circumstances.
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Yang J, Peng X, Hou Y, Chima N. The interactive effect between self social class and target social class on moral judgements. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yang
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Nanchang China
| | - Xue Peng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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38
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Qian B, Huang M, Xu M, Hong Y. Internet Use and Quality of Life: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Risk Perception and Internet Addiction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031795. [PMID: 35162817 PMCID: PMC8835165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The impact of internet use on quality of life (QoL) has become an increasing focus of academic research. This paper aims to explore the internal influencing mechanisms of internet use (i.e., leisure-oriented internet use (LIU); work-oriented internet use (WIU)) on QoL, with a focus on the multiple mediating effects of risk perception and internet addiction. We constructed a theoretical framework from a psychological perspective and tested the hypotheses using hierarchical regression analysis with a sample of 1535 participants. The results showed that: (1) LIU had a positive effect on QoL, while WIU did not have a significant impact on QoL; (2) both risk perception and internet addiction had a negative influence on QoL; (3) risk perception positively impacted internet addiction; (4) risk perception and internet addiction had multiple mediating effects on the relationship between internet use and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.Q.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.Q.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengyi Xu
- Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University, College Road Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Yuxiang Hong
- School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.Q.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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39
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Global evidence on the selfish rich inequality hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2109690119. [PMID: 35012981 PMCID: PMC8784141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109690119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People’s beliefs about why the rich are richer than the poor have the potential to affect both policy attitudes and economic development. We provide global evidence showing that where the fortunes of the rich are perceived to be the result of selfish behavior, inequality is viewed as unfair, and there is stronger support for income redistribution. However, we also observe that belief in selfish rich inequality is highly polarized in many countries and thus a source of political disagreement that might be detrimental to economic development. We find systematic country differences in the extent to which people believe that selfishness is a source of inequality, which sheds light on international differences in public morality, civic virtues, and redistributive policies. We report on a study of whether people believe that the rich are richer than the poor because they have been more selfish in life, using data from more than 26,000 individuals in 60 countries. The findings show a strong belief in the selfish rich inequality hypothesis at the global level; in the majority of countries, the mode is to strongly agree with it. However, we also identify important between- and within-country variation. We find that the belief in selfish rich inequality is much stronger in countries with extensive corruption and weak institutions and less strong among people who are higher in the income distribution in their society. Finally, we show that the belief in selfish rich inequality is predictive of people’s policy views on inequality and redistribution: It is significantly positively associated with agreeing that inequality in their country is unfair, and it is significantly positively associated with agreeing that the government should aim to reduce inequality. These relationships are highly significant both across and within countries and robust to including country-level or individual-level controls and using Lasso-selected regressors. Thus, the data provide compelling evidence of people believing that the rich are richer because they have been more selfish in life and perceiving selfish behavior as creating unfair inequality and justifying equalizing policies.
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40
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Effects of emotion on intertemporal decision-making: Explanation from the single dimension priority model. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Aldrovandi S, Kusev P, Hill T, Vlaev I. From gloom to doom: Financial loss and negative affect prime risk averse preferences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Li M, Li J, Tan M, Li H, Zhong Y. Exposure to money modulates the processing of charitable donation: An event-related potentials study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136277. [PMID: 34597706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to monetary cues might affect charitable donations, but little is known about how monetary cues affect charitable donations from the neural perspective. The present study examined the effect of monetary cues on charitable donations by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants primed with monetary or neutral images decided whether to accept donation offers with the high, moderate, and low costs. The behavioural results showed that in the money-primed condition, participants took more time to decide for the high-cost than for the moderate and low-cost donation offers. The ERP results showed that the P2 and P3 were larger in the money-primed condition relative to the neutral images condition. Notably, participants primed with money demonstrated larger P3 for the high-cost donation offers than for the moderate and low-cost offers, but this difference was not observed in the control condition. These findings indicate that people primed with money may pay more attention to the cost-relevant information related to their self-interests when conducting prosocial behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China.
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui'e Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China.
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43
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Li X, Chen W, Huang X, Jing W, Zhang T, Yu Q, Yu H, Li H, Tian Q, Ding Y, Lu Y. Synaptic dysfunction of Aldh1a1 neurons in the ventral tegmental area causes impulsive behaviors. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:73. [PMID: 34702328 PMCID: PMC8549305 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldh1a1 neurons are a subtype of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurons that use Aldh1a1 rather than glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) as an enzyme for synthesizing GABA transmitters. However, the behaviors and circuits of this newly identified subtype of inhibitory interneurons remain unknown. Methods We generated a mutant mouse line in which cyclization recombination enzyme (CRE) was expressed under the control of the Aldh1a1 promotor (Aldh1a1-CRE mice). Using this mutant strain of mice together with the heterozygous male Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related model mice (APPswe/PSEN1dE9, or AD mice) and a genetically modified retrograde and anterograde synaptic tracing strategy, we have studied a specific synaptic circuit of Aldh1a1 neurons with system-level function and disease progression in AD mice. Results We demonstrate that Aldh1a1 neurons encode delay of gratification that measures self-control skills in decision making by projecting inhibitory synapses directly onto excitatory glutamate neurons in the intermediate lateral septum (EGNIS) and receiving synaptic inputs from layer 5b pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (L5PN). L5PN → Aldh1a1 synaptic transmission undergoes long-term potentiation (LTP). Pathway specific inhibition by either genetic silencing presynaptic terminals or antagonizing postsynaptic receptors impairs delay of gratification, resulting in the impulsive behaviors. Further studies show that reconstitution of Aldh1a1-deficient neurons with the expression of exogenous Aldh1a1 (eAldh1a1) restores Aldh1a1 → EGNIS synaptic transmission and rescues the impulsive behaviors in AD mice. Conclusions These results not only identify a specific function and circuit of Aldh1a1 neurons but also provide a cellular point of entry to an important but understudied synaptic mechanism for the induction of impulsive behaviors at an early stage of AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00494-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China. .,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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44
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Shanks DR, Vadillo MA. Publication bias and low power in field studies on goal priming. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210544. [PMID: 34667618 PMCID: PMC8522447 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on goal priming asks whether the subtle activation of an achievement goal can improve task performance. Studies in this domain employ a range of priming methods, such as surreptitiously displaying a photograph of an athlete winning a race, and a range of dependent variables including measures of creativity and workplace performance. Chen, Latham, Piccolo and Itzchakov (Chen et al. 2021 J. Appl. Psychol. 70, 216-253) recently undertook a meta-analysis of this research and reported positive overall effects in both laboratory and field studies, with field studies yielding a moderate-to-large effect that was significantly larger than that obtained in laboratory experiments. We highlight a number of issues with Chen et al.'s selection of field studies and then report a new meta-analysis (k = 13, N = 683) that corrects these. The new meta-analysis reveals suggestive evidence of publication bias and low power in goal priming field studies. We conclude that the available evidence falls short of demonstrating goal priming effects in the workplace, and offer proposals for how future research can provide stronger tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Shanks
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Miguel A. Vadillo
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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45
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Li L, Freeman G, Wohn DY. The Interplay of Financial Exchanges and Offline Interpersonal Relationships through Digital Peer-to-Peer Payments. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2021.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Coomber T, Harré N. Psychological Oneness: A Typology. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680211034457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oneness is a sense of profound unity with some other entity, typically a large, abstract entity such as nature or all of existence. This article offers a typology of oneness based on a review of oneness concepts in the psychology literature. The typology distinguishes between oneness experiences and oneness intuitions or beliefs, the latter being propositions about how self and other are connected. It also distinguishes between three perceived ontologies: expansion (including other in self), interdependence (self and other in symbiosis), and essential (self and other sharing some fundamental property). Confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 102) supported the typology’s dimensions within the scope of nature, using novel sets of items based on restructuring extant oneness measures. Implications of the typology for understanding oneness with nature and its role in addressing environmental crises are discussed, including how these may interact with cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ties Coomber
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niki Harré
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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47
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Baldissarri C, Andrighetto L, Volpato C. The longstanding view of workers as objects: antecedents and consequences of working objectification. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2021.1956778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Baldissarri
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Luca Andrighetto
- DISFOR - Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Corso Podestà 2 - 16128, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Volpato
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126, Italy
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48
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Liu Y, Wang H, Li L, Tian T, Li J, DiFabrizio B, Liu Y. Social status affects how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:858-870. [PMID: 34350598 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present paper focused on how a third party's social status affects third-party intervention to maintain social fairness. Study 1 adopted a quasi-experimental design. Selecting high and low-status members of real social groups, we observed that high-status individuals intervened more forcibly and more frequently when assessing the fairness of players' behavior in a dictator game (DG). The manifestation of social status is generally divided into power and economic capital. In Study 2a, using the same DG punishment-compensation paradigm we randomly assigned the third party in the lab to high, medium, and low impact conditions, where their actions had relative multiplier effects on the resources retained by dictators and recipients. This tested whether the power to influence the situation would systematically affect third party's behavior. We found that greater influence predicted increased interventions. Study 2b investigated the influence of economic capital or intrinsic wealth on a third party's altruistic behavior by varying how much capital the third party had at their disposal to spend on punishment or recompensing. Having high capital predicted an increase in the size of penalty inflicted or compensation offered, but resource abundance had no effect on the likelihood that the third party would intervene. In conclusion, the paper showed that the social status of the third party truly does affect their altruistic interventions and the impact of social status on altruistic behaviors for maintaining fairness by the third party occurred primarily through the third parties' perception of their power. Furthermore, the influence of gain and loss contexts and social status on third-party punishment and compensation were independent of each other. This paper provided a new perspective for third-party altruistic behaviors and help to clarify the view of social fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei province, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei province, China
| | - Lina Li
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei province, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Graduate student Department, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei province, China
| | | | - Yaozhong Liu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jha JK, Singh M. Who cares about ethical practices at workplace? A taxonomy of employees’ unethical conduct from top management perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-07-2020-2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to explore the various kind of prevailing unethical practices at workplace along with identification of factors triggering such unethical practices. Growing incidences of indulgence of employees in unethical acts in various organisation and negative consequences associated with it for the organisation such as erosion of reputation because of advance digital media coverage, shareholder value and others made compulsive to study the root cause of unethical behaviour at the workplace.
Design/methodology/approach
This study extracts meaning from the experiences of top managers working in nine Indian organisations to understand the challenges faced by individuals at the workplace using the Gioia methodology. A total of 33 top management team (TMT) members were interviewed in detail to capture their experience in regard to various challenges that impose a threat to ethical conduct in the organisation.
Findings
The authors identified four categories of unethical behaviour, namely, pro-self, lack of autonomy, pro-organisation, systemic and negligence. Further, the authors have developed a taxonomy suggesting strategies to control unethical conduct at the workplace. Besides, the current study unravels the triggers behind different categories of unethical conduct, such as bottom-line mentality, rent-seeking behaviour of government officials, fluid ethical study culture and others.
Originality/value
Various types of unethical behaviour have been identified and frameworks to address such unethical practices are suggested in the paper. TMTs views have been captured to understand the root cause of unethical practices and strategies for addressing them have been discussed in the paper.
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50
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Hur JD, Lee-Yoon A, Whillans AV. Are they useful? The effects of performance incentives on the prioritization of work versus personal ties. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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