1
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Nandi S, Stenquist A, Papoulia A, Olofsson E, Badano L, Bertolino M, Busto D, Callegari C, Carlström S, Danailov MB, Demekhin PV, Di Fraia M, Eng-Johnsson P, Feifel R, Gallician G, Giannessi L, Gisselbrecht M, Manfredda M, Meyer M, Miron C, Peschel J, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Zangrando M, Zapata F, Zhong S, Dahlström JM. Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0668. [PMID: 38630815 PMCID: PMC11023495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic ion, which represents a hybrid state of light and matter. Although the photoelectron spectra are measured classically, the entanglement allows us to reveal information about the dressed-state dynamics of the ion and the femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by a seeded free-electron laser. The observed generation of entanglement is interpreted using the time-dependent von Neumann entropy. Our results unveil the potential for using short-wavelength coherent light pulses from free-electron lasers to generate entangled photoelectron and ion systems for studying spooky action at a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Axel Stenquist
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Edvin Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | | | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Catalin Miron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ELI-NP, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Mǎgurele, Romania
| | - Jasper Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard J. Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Söderström J, Ghosh A, Kjellsson L, Ekholm V, Tokushima T, Såthe C, Velasquez N, Simon M, Björneholm O, Duda L, Naves de Brito A, Odelius M, Liu JC, Wang J, Kimberg V, Agåker M, Rubensson JE, Gel'mukhanov F. Parity violation in resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering at entangled core holes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3114. [PMID: 38354244 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a major method for investigation of electronic structure and dynamics, with applications ranging from basic atomic physics to materials science. In RIXS applied to inversion-symmetric systems, it has generally been accepted that strict parity selectivity applies in the sub-kilo-electron volt region. In contrast, we show that the parity selection rule is violated in the RIXS spectra of the free homonuclear diatomic O2 molecule. By analyzing the spectral dependence on scattering angle, we demonstrate that the violation is due to the phase difference in coherent scattering at the two atomic sites, in analogy with Young's double-slit experiment. The result also implies that the interpretation of x-ray absorption spectra for inversion symmetric molecules in this energy range must be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Söderström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anirudha Ghosh
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Victor Ekholm
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Conny Såthe
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Velasquez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiére et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiére et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurent Duda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arnaldo Naves de Brito
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin Campinas University, CEP, Street, 13083859 Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ji-Cai Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, 102206 Beijing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, 102206 Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Victor Kimberg
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Agåker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Faris Gel'mukhanov
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Schnappinger T, Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Time-resolved X-ray and XUV based spectroscopic methods for nonadiabatic processes in photochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12763-12781. [PMID: 36317595 PMCID: PMC9671098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of numerous molecular systems is influenced by conical intersections (CIs). These omnipresent nonadiabatic phenomena provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels by creating degeneracies between electronic states and decide over the final photoproducts. In their presence, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down, and the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics become comparable. Due to the ultra-fast dynamics and the complex interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, the direct experimental observation of nonadiabatic processes close to CIs remains challenging. In this article, we give a theoretical perspective on novel spectroscopic techniques capable of observing clear signatures of CIs. We discuss methods that are based on ultra-short laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime, as their spectral and temporal resolution allow for resolving the ultra-fast dynamics near CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Zamani AY, Hratchian HP. Assessing the performance of ΔSCF and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation for calculating vertical core excitation energies. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084115. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical core excitation energies are obtained using a combination of the ΔSCF method and the diagonal second-order (D2) self-energy approximation. These methods are applied to a set of neutral molecules and their anionic forms. An assessment of the results with the inclusion of relativistic effects is presented. For core excitations involving delocalized symmetry orbitals, the applied composite method improves upon the overestimation of ΔSCF by providing approximate values close to experimental K-shell transition energies. The importance of both correlation and relaxation contributions to the vertical core-excited state energies, the concept of local and non-local core orbitals, and the consequences of breaking symmetry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hrant Patrick Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Merced, United States of America
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5
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Brumboiu IE, Fransson T. Core-hole delocalization for modeling X-ray spectroscopies: A cautionary tale. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:214109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of core-hole delocalization for X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption, and X-ray emission spectrum calculations is investigated in detail, using approaches including response theory, transition-potential methods, and ground state schemes. The question of a localized/delocalized vacancy is relevant for systems with symmetrically equivalent atoms, as well as near-degeneracies which can distribute the core-orbitals over several atoms. We show that issues relating to core-hole delocalization are present for calculations considering explicit core-hole states, e.g. when using a core-excited or core-ionized reference state, or for fractional occupation numbers. Including electron correlation eventually alleviates the issues, but even using CCSD(T) there is a noticable discrepancy between core-ionization energies obtained with a localized and delocalized core-hole (0.5 eV for the carbon K-edge). Within density functional theory, the discrepancy correlates to the exchange interaction involving the core orbitals of the same spin symmetry as the delocalized core-hole. The use of a localized core-hole allows for a reasonably good inclusion of relaxation at lower level of theory, whereas the proper symmetry solution involving a delocalized core-hole requires higher levels of theory to account for the correlation effects involved in orbital relaxation. For linear response methods, we further show that if X-ray absorption spectra are modelled by considering symmetry-unique sets of atoms, care has to be taken such that there are no delocalizations of the core orbitals, which would otherwise introduce shifts in absolute energies and relative features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Emilia Brumboiu
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Institute of Physics, Poland
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6
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Trinter F, Miteva T, Weller M, Hartung A, Richter M, Williams JB, Gatton A, Gaire B, Sartor J, Landers AL, Berry B, Ben-Itzhak I, Sisourat N, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, Dörner R, Jahnke T, Weber T. Ultrafast temporal evolution of interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1789-1800. [PMID: 35282626 PMCID: PMC8827086 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers after neon inner-valence photoionization [Ne+(2s-1)] using a synchrotron light source. We measure with high energy resolution the two singly charged ions of the Coulomb-exploding dimer dication and the photoelectron in coincidence. By carefully tracing the post-collision interaction between the photoelectron and the emitted ICD electron we are able to probe the temporal evolution of the state as it decays. Although the ionizing light pulses are 80 picoseconds long, we determine the lifetime of the intermediate dimer cation state and visualize the contraction of the nuclear structure on the femtosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - T Miteva
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno Nevada 89557 USA
| | - A Gatton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA .,Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Gaire
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - J Sartor
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A L Landers
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Berry
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - N Sisourat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - V Stumpf
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL GmbH 22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - T Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
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7
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Dowek D, Decleva P. Trends in angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24614-24654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, main trends of angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy in the laboratory up to the molecular frame, in different regimes of light-matter interactions, are highlighted with emphasis on foundations and most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dowek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- CNR IOM and Dipartimento DSCF, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Ma J, Xu L, Ni H, Lu C, Zhang W, Lu P, Wen J, He F, Faucher O, Wu J. Transient Valence Charge Localization in Strong-Field Dissociative Ionization of HCl Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183201. [PMID: 34767394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Probing transient charge localization in the innershell orbital of atoms and molecules has been made possible by the recent progress of advanced light sources. Here, we demonstrate that the ultrafast electron tunneling ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse could induce an asymmetric transient charge localization in the valence shell of the HCl molecule during the dissociative ionization process. The transient charge localization is encoded in the laser impulse acquired by the outgoing ionic fragments, and the asymmetry is revealed by carefully examining the electron tunneling-site distinguished momentum angular distribution of the ejected H^{+} fragments. Our work proposes a way to visualize the transient valence charge motion and will stimulate further investigations of the tunneling-site-sensitive ultrafast dynamics of molecules in strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Olivier Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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9
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Bhattacharya D, Shamasundar KR, Emmanouilidou A. Potential Energy Curves of Molecular Nitrogen for Singly and Doubly Ionized States with Core and Valence Holes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7778-7787. [PMID: 34477371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical description of potential energy curves (PECs) of molecular ions is essential for interpretation and prediction of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics following ionization of parent molecule. However, an accurate representation of these PECs for core or inner valence ionized state is nontrivial, especially at stretched geometries for double- or triple-bonded systems. In this work, we report PECs of singly and doubly ionized states of molecular nitrogen using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods. The valence, inner valence, and core ionized states have been computed. A double-loop optimization scheme that separates the treatment of the core and the valence orbitals during the orbital optimization step of the multiconfiguration self-consistent field method has been implemented. This technique allows the energy to be converged to any desired ionized state with any number of core or inner-shell holes. The present work also compares the PECs obtained using both delocalized and localized sets of orbitals for the core hole states. The PECs of a number of singly and doubly ionized valence states have also been computed and compared with previous studies. The computed PECs reported here are expected to be of importance for future studies to understand the interplay between photoionization and Auger spectra during the breakup of molecular nitrogen when interacting with intense free electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - K R Shamasundar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Agapi Emmanouilidou
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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10
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Couto RC, Hua W, Lindblad R, Kjellsson L, Sorensen SL, Kubin M, Bülow C, Timm M, Zamudio-Bayer V, von Issendorff B, Söderström J, Lau JT, Rubensson JE, Ågren H, Carravetta V. Breaking inversion symmetry by protonation: experimental and theoretical NEXAFS study of the diazynium ion, N 2H . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17166-17176. [PMID: 34346432 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As an example of symmetry breaking in NEXAFS spectra of protonated species we present a high resolution NEXAFS spectrum of protonated dinitrogen, the diazynium ion N2H+. By ab initio calculations we show that the spectrum consists of a superposition of two nitrogen 1s absorption spectra, each including a π* band, and a nitrogen 1s to H+ charge transfer band followed by a weak irregular progression of high energy excitations. Calculations also show that, as an effect of symmetry breaking by protonation, the π* transitions are separated by 0.23 eV, only slightly exceeding the difference in the corresponding dark (symmetry forbidden) and bright (symmetry allowed) core excitations of neutral N2. By DFT and calculations and vibrational analysis, the complex π* excitation band of N2H+ is understood as due to the superposition of the significantly different vibrational progressions of excitations from terminal and central nitrogen atoms, both leading to bent final state geometries. We also show computationally that the electronic structure of the charge transfer excitation smoothly depends on the nitrogen-proton distance and that there is a clear extension of the spectra going from infinity to close nitrogen-proton distance where fine structures show some, although not fully detailed, similarities. An interesting feature of partial localization of the nitrogen core orbitals, with a strong, non-monotonous, variation with nitrogen-proton distance could be highlighted. Specific effects could be unraveled when comparing molecular cation NEXAFS spectra, as represented by recently recorded spectra of N2+ and CO+, and spectra of protonated molecules as represented here by the N2H+ ion. Both types containing rich physical effects not represented in NEXAFS of neutral molecules because of the positive charge, whereas protonation also breaks the symmetry. The effect of the protonation on dinitrogen can be separated in charge, which extends the high-energy part of the spectrum, and symmetry-breaking, which is most clearly seen in the low-energy π* transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Couto
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Capturing fingerprints of conical intersection: Complementary information of non-adiabatic dynamics from linear x-ray probes. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034101. [PMID: 33981781 PMCID: PMC8096460 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many recent experimental ultrafast spectroscopy studies have hinted at non-adiabatic dynamics indicating the existence of conical intersections, but their direct observation remains a challenge. The rapid change of the energy gap between the electronic states complicated their observation by requiring bandwidths of several electron volts. In this manuscript, we propose to use the combined information of different x-ray pump-probe techniques to identify the conical intersection. We theoretically study the conical intersection in pyrrole using transient x-ray absorption, time-resolved x-ray spontaneous emission, and linear off-resonant Raman spectroscopy to gather evidence of the curve crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Fehre K, Pitzer M, Trinter F, Berger R, Schießer A, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R, Schöffler MS. Closed-loop recycling of rare liquid samples for gas-phase experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023205. [PMID: 33648096 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many samples of current interest in molecular physics and physical chemistry exist in the liquid phase and are vaporized for use in gas cells, diffuse gas targets, or molecular gas jets. For some of these techniques, the large sample consumption is a limiting factor. When rare, expensive molecules such as custom-made chiral molecules or species with isotopic labels are used, wasting them in the exhaust line of the pumps is quite an expensive and inefficient approach. Therefore, we developed a closed-loop recycling system for molecules with vapor pressures below atmospheric pressure. Once filled, only a few valves have to be adjusted, and a cold trap must be moved after each phase of recycling. The recycling efficiency per turn exceeds 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - A Schießer
- Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Schmidt-Böcking
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Electron-ion coincidence measurements of molecular dynamics with intense X-ray pulses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:505. [PMID: 33436816 PMCID: PMC7804145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules can sequentially absorb multiple photons when irradiated by an intense X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser. If the time delay between two photoabsorption events can be determined, this enables pump-probe experiments with a single X-ray pulse, where the absorption of the first photon induces electronic and nuclear dynamics that are probed by the absorption of the second photon. Here we show a realization of such a single-pulse X-ray pump-probe scheme on N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}2 molecules, using the X-ray induced dissociation process as an internal clock that is read out via coincident detection of photoelectrons and fragment ions. By coincidence analysis of the kinetic energies of the ionic fragments and photoelectrons, the transition from a bound molecular dication to two isolated atomic ions is observed through the energy shift of the inner-shell electrons. Via ab-initio simulations, we are able to map characteristic features in the kinetic energy release and photoelectron spectrum to specific delay times between photoabsorptions. In contrast to previous studies where nuclear motions were typically revealed by measuring ion kinetics, our work shows that inner-shell photoelectron energies can also be sensitive probes of nuclear dynamics, which adds one more dimension to the study of light-matter interactions with X-ray pulses.
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14
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Jahnke T, Hergenhahn U, Winter B, Dörner R, Frühling U, Demekhin PV, Gokhberg K, Cederbaum LS, Ehresmann A, Knie A, Dreuw A. Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11295-11369. [PMID: 33035051 PMCID: PMC7596762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Physical-Chemistry Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Physical-Chemistry Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Arlt J, Singh DP, Thompson JOF, Chatterley AS, Hockett P, Stapelfeldt H, Reid KL. Photoelectron angular distributions from resonant two-photon ionisation of adiabatically aligned naphthalene and aniline molecules. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1836411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Arlt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Paul Hockett
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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16
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Zhang Y, Bergmann U, Schoenlein R, Khalil M, Govind N. Double core hole valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy: A theoretical exploration using time-dependent density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- LCLS and Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Robert Schoenlein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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17
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Ruberti M. Onset of ionic coherence and ultrafast charge dynamics in attosecond molecular ionisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17584-17604. [PMID: 31372608 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented a fully ab initio theoretical framework for simulating the correlated many-electron dynamics occurring during and emerging from molecular ionisation by attosecond laser pulses. This is based on the time-dependent (TD) version of the B-spline restricted correlation space (RCS)-algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) method, with the full description of the photoelectron and inclusion of electron correlation effects, such as shakeup processes and inter-channel couplings. The nature of the ultrafast charge dynamics in the molecular ion is elucidated by quantitatively predicting the degree of electronic coherence and eigenstate content of the prepared molecular cationic state, beyond the commonly used sudden approximation. The results presented here for the acetylene and ethylene molecules show that even in the high photon energy regime the simulated hole dynamics is quantitatively different from the prediction of the sudden approximation. Moreover, for high-bandwidth ionising pulse, the residual interaction between the cation, in highly-excited shake-up states, and the emitted slow photoelectron gives rise to a loss of coherence in the ionic system which can persist for the first few femtoseconds after ionisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Inhester L, Greenman L, Rudenko A, Rolles D, Santra R. Detecting coherent core-hole wave-packet dynamics in N2 by time- and angle-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Loren Greenman
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Kushawaha RK, Ponzi A, Guillemin R, Travnikova O, Patanen M, Nandi S, Goldsztejn G, Journel L, Marchenko T, Simon M, Piancastelli MN, Decleva P. Multi-slit-type interference in carbon 2s photoionization of polyatomic molecules: from a fundamental effect to structural parameters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13600-13610. [PMID: 31187832 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In molecular photoemission, the analogue of the celebrated Young's double slit experiment is coherent electron emission from two equivalent atomic centers, giving rise to an interference pattern. Here multi-slit interference is investigated in inner-valence photoionization of propane, n-butane, isobutane and methyl peroxide. A more complex pattern is observed due to molecular orbital delocalization in polyatomic molecules, blurring the distinction between interference and diffraction. The potential to extract geometrical information is emphasized, as a more powerful extension of the EXAFS technique. Accurate reproduction of experimental features is obtained by simulations at the static Density Functional Theory level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Kushawaha
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France.
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20
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Ruberti M. Restricted Correlation Space B-Spline ADC Approach to Molecular Ionization: Theory and Applications to Total Photoionization Cross-Sections. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3635-3653. [PMID: 31136172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein is presented a new approach to the ab initio algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) schemes for the polarization propagator, which is explicitly designed to accurately and efficiently describe molecular ionization. The restricted correlation space (RCS) version of the ADC methods up to second order of perturbation theory is derived via the intermediate state representation (ISR) and implemented in the multicenter B-spline basis set for the electronic continuum. Remarkably a general close-coupling structure of the RCS-ADC many-electron wave function, connecting the N-particle to the ( N - 1)-particle ADC intermediate states, emerges naturally as a nontrivial result of the RCS ansatz. Moreover, the introduced RCS-ADC schemes prove to be particularly manageable from a computational point of view, overcoming the practical limitations of the conventional ADC approaches. The quality of the new RCS-ADC( n) approaches is verified by performing a series of total photoionization cross-section calculations on a test set of molecules. The excellent agreement of the results with existing accurate benchmarks demonstrates that the RCS versions of the ADC schemes are optimal and quantitatively accurate methods for studying multichannel molecular photoionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruberti
- Department of Physics , Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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21
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Hanna AM, Vendrell O, Santra R. Time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe simulations on N 2 molecules. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024101. [PMID: 30915387 PMCID: PMC6422788 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics ofN 2 2 + dications after x-ray-induced Auger decay and their probing with a delayed infrared probe pulse are theoretically investigated based on a quantum-mechanical model including all relevant electronic states for which wave-packet calculations on ab-initio potential energy curves are performed. Our results demonstrate that theN 2 2 + yield modulated by the delay of the probe pulse contains dynamical information on the wave-packet evolution in the quasi-bound final electronic states. The Fourier transform of the calculated yield can be readily compared to experimental results [Fung et al., Nature 532, 471 (2016)] and good agreement of the main frequencies is found. Moreover, assignment of these frequencies to specific vibrational energy levels in the quasi-bound potentials is reported as well.
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22
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Kunitski M, Eicke N, Huber P, Köhler J, Zeller S, Voigtsberger J, Schlott N, Henrichs K, Sann H, Trinter F, Schmidt LPH, Kalinin A, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Lein M, Dörner R. Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1. [PMID: 30602773 PMCID: PMC6315036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4296] [Impact Index Per Article: 859.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Eicke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Huber
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Köhler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schlott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Henrichs
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Sann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI-Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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23
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Boström EV, Gisselbrecht M, Brage T, Almbladh CO, Mikkelsen A, Verdozzi C. Time-Stretched Spectroscopy by the Quantum Zeno Effect: The Case of Auger Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:233201. [PMID: 30576192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tenet of time-resolved spectroscopy is "faster laser pulses for shorter timescales". Here, we suggest turning this paradigm around, and slowing down the system dynamics via repeated measurements, to do spectroscopy on longer timescales. This is the principle of the quantum Zeno effect. We exemplify our approach with the Auger process, and find that repeated measurements increase the core-hole lifetime, redistribute the kinetic energy of Auger electrons, and alter entanglement formation. We further provide an explicit experimental protocol for atomic Li, to make our proposal concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Viñas Boström
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Gisselbrecht
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - T Brage
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C-O Almbladh
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Verdozzi
- Lund University, Department of Physics and ETSF, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Norman P, Dreuw A. Simulating X-ray Spectroscopies and Calculating Core-Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7208-7248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Myhre RH, Wolf TJA, Cheng L, Nandi S, Coriani S, Gühr M, Koch H. A theoretical and experimental benchmark study of core-excited states in nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:064106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H. Myhre
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Markus Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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26
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Ljubić I, Kivimäki A, Coreno M, Kazazić S, Novak I. Characterisation of the electronic structure of galvinoxyl free radical by variable energy UPS, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2480-2491. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07266j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UPS, XPS and NEXAFS spectra of persistent free radical galvinoxyl are assigned using theoretical ΔDFT and TDDFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | | | - Saša Kazazić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Igor Novak
- Charles Sturt University
- Orange NSW 2800
- Australia
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27
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Hitchcock AP. Influence of Local Environment on Inner Shell Excitation Spectra, Studied by Electron and X-ray Spectroscopy and Spectromicroscopy. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inner shell excitation spectroscopy is a local probe of the unoccupied electronic structure in the immediate vicinity of the core excited atom. As such, one might expect the inner shell spectrum of a given unit (a molecular fragment or a repeat unit of a solid) to be largely independent of where that unit is located. This is often an implicit assumption in spectral analysis and analytical applications. However, there are situations where inner shell excitation spectra exhibit significant sensitivity to their local environment. Here I categorize the ways in which inner shell spectra are affected by their local environment, and give examples from a career dedicated to developing a better understanding of inner shell excitation spectroscopy, its experimental techniques, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 , Canada , Phone: +1 905 525-9140
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28
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Corral I, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Potential Energy Surfaces of Core-Hole and Shake-Up States for Dissociative Ionization Studies. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1723-1736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Corral
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Marante C, Klinker M, Corral I, González-Vázquez J, Argenti L, Martín F. Hybrid-Basis Close-Coupling Interface to Quantum Chemistry Packages for the Treatment of Ionization Problems. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:499-514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marante
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Markus Klinker
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Luca Argenti
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
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30
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Sann H, Schober C, Mhamdi A, Trinter F, Müller C, Semenov SK, Stener M, Waitz M, Bauer T, Wallauer R, Goihl C, Titze J, Afaneh F, Schmidt LPH, Kunitski M, Schmidt-Böcking H, Demekhin PV, Cherepkov NA, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Delocalization of a Vacancy across Two Neon Atoms Bound by the van der Waals Force. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:263001. [PMID: 28059541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study 2p photoionization of neon dimers (Ne_{2}) at a photon energy of hν=36.56 eV. By postselection of ionization events which lead to a dissociation into Ne^{+}+Ne we obtain the photoelectron angular emission distribution in the molecular frame. This distribution is symmetric with respect to the direction of the charged vs neutral fragment. It shows an inverted Cohen-Fano double slit interference pattern of two spherical waves emitted coherently but with opposite phases from the two atoms of the dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Mhamdi
- Institut für Physik und Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S K Semenov
- State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Wallauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Goihl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Titze
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Afaneh
- Physics Department, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Schmidt-Böcking
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - N A Cherepkov
- State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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31
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Sturm FP, Wright TW, Ray D, Zalyubovskaya I, Shivaram N, Slaughter DS, Ranitovic P, Belkacem A, Weber T. Time resolved 3D momentum imaging of ultrafast dynamics by coherent VUV-XUV radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:063110. [PMID: 27370429 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new experimental setup for measuring ultrafast nuclear and electron dynamics of molecules after photo-excitation and ionization. We combine a high flux femtosecond vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) source with an internally cold molecular beam and a 3D momentum imaging particle spectrometer to measure electrons and ions in coincidence. We describe a variety of tools developed to perform pump-probe studies in the VUV-XUV spectrum and to modify and characterize the photon beam. First benchmark experiments are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Sturm
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T W Wright
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Ray
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Zalyubovskaya
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Shivaram
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D S Slaughter
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Ranitovic
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Belkacem
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Th Weber
- Ultrafast X-Ray Science Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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32
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Waitz M, Aslitürk D, Wechselberger N, Gill HK, Rist J, Wiegandt F, Goihl C, Kastirke G, Weller M, Bauer T, Metz D, Sturm FP, Voigtsberger J, Zeller S, Trinter F, Schiwietz G, Weber T, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Electron Localization in Dissociating H_{2}^{+} by Retroaction of a Photoelectron onto Its Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:043001. [PMID: 26871325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dissociation of H_{2}^{+} into a proton and a H^{0} after single ionization with photons of an energy close to the threshold. We find that the p^{+} and the H^{0} do not emerge symmetrically in the case of the H_{2}^{+} dissociating along the 1sσ_{g} ground state. Instead, a preference for the ejection of the p^{+} in the direction of the escaping photoelectron can be observed. This symmetry breaking is strongest for very small electron energies. Our experiment is consistent with a recent prediction by Serov and Kheifets [Phys. Rev. A 89, 031402 (2014)]. In their model, which treats the photoelectron classically, the symmetry breaking is induced by the retroaction of the long-range Coulomb potential onto the dissociating H_{2}^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Aslitürk
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Wechselberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H K Gill
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Wiegandt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Goihl
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F P Sturm
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Schiwietz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Institute G-ISRR, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J B Williams
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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33
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Richter M, Kunitski M, Schöffler M, Jahnke T, Schmidt LPH, Li M, Liu Y, Dörner R. Streaking temporal double-slit interference by an orthogonal two-color laser field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:143001. [PMID: 25910115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electron momentum distributions from single ionization of Ar by two orthogonally polarized laser pulses of different color. The two-color scheme is used to experimentally control the interference between electron wave packets released at different times within one laser cycle. This intracycle interference pattern is typically hard to resolve in an experiment. With the two-color control scheme, these features become the dominant contribution to the electron momentum distribution. Furthermore, the second color can be used for streaking of the otherwise interfering wave packets establishing a which-way marker. Our investigation shows that the visibility of the interference fringes depends on the degree of the which-way information determined by the controllable phase between the two pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar P H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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34
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Khan A, Tribedi LC, Misra D. A recoil ion momentum spectrometer for molecular and atomic fragmentation studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:043105. [PMID: 25933839 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and performance studies of a newly built recoil ion momentum spectrometer for the study of atomic and molecular fragmentation dynamics in gas phase upon the impact of charged particles and photons. The present design is a two-stage Wiley-McLaren type spectrometer which satisfies both time and velocity focusing conditions and is capable of measuring singly charged ionic fragments up-to 13 eV in all directions. An electrostatic lens has been introduced in order to achieve velocity imaging. Effects of the lens on time-of-flight as well as on the position have been investigated in detail, both, by simulation and in experiment. We have used 120 keV proton beam on molecular nitrogen gas target. Complete momentum distributions and kinetic energy release distributions have been derived from the measured position and time-of-flight spectra. Along with this, the kinetic energy release spectra of fragmentation of doubly ionized nitrogen molecule upon various projectile impacts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Khan
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lokesh C Tribedi
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepankar Misra
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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35
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Guillemin R, Decleva P, Stener M, Bomme C, Marin T, Journel L, Marchenko T, Kushawaha RK, Jänkälä K, Trcera N, Bowen KP, Lindle DW, Piancastelli MN, Simon M. Selecting core-hole localization or delocalization in CS2 by photofragmentation dynamics. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6166. [PMID: 25607354 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic core levels in molecules are highly localized around one atomic site. However, in single-photon ionization of symmetric molecules, the question of core-hole localization versus delocalization over two equivalent atoms has long been debated as the answer lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. Here, using a joint experimental and theoretical study of core-ionized carbon disulfide (CS2), we demonstrate that it is possible to experimentally select distinct molecular-fragmentation pathways in which the core hole can be considered as either localized on one sulfur atom or delocalized between two indistinguishable sulfur atoms. This feat is accomplished by measuring photoelectron angular distributions within the frame of the molecule, directly probing entanglement or disentanglement of quantum pathways as a function of how the molecule dissociates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guillemin
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - P Decleva
- 1] Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy [2] Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita' di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy [3] CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stener
- 1] Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy [2] Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita' di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy [3] CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Bomme
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Marin
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - L Journel
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - T Marchenko
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R K Kushawaha
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K Jänkälä
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - N Trcera
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K P Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
| | - D W Lindle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
| | - M N Piancastelli
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [3] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
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36
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Månsson EP, Sorensen SL, Arnold CL, Kroon D, Guénot D, Fordell T, Lépine F, Johnsson P, L'Huillier A, Gisselbrecht M. Multi-purpose two- and three-dimensional momentum imaging of charged particles for attosecond experiments at 1 kHz repetition rate. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:123304. [PMID: 25554286 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the versatile design and operation of a two-sided spectrometer for the imaging of charged-particle momenta in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). The benefits of 3D detection are to discern particles of different mass and to study correlations between fragments from multi-ionization processes, while 2D detectors are more efficient for single-ionization applications. Combining these detector types in one instrument allows us to detect positive and negative particles simultaneously and to reduce acquisition times by using the 2D detector at a higher ionization rate when the third dimension is not required. The combined access to electronic and nuclear dynamics available when both sides are used together is important for studying photoreactions in samples of increasing complexity. The possibilities and limitations of 3D momentum imaging of electrons or ions in the same spectrometer geometry are investigated analytically and three different modes of operation demonstrated experimentally, with infrared or extreme ultraviolet light and an atomic/molecular beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Månsson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stacey L Sorensen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cord L Arnold
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Kroon
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Diego Guénot
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Fordell
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Franck Lépine
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, 10 rue Ada Byron, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Per Johnsson
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne L'Huillier
- Division of Atomic Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Gisselbrecht
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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37
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Timmers H, Li Z, Shivaram N, Santra R, Vendrell O, Sandhu A. Coherent electron hole dynamics near a conical intersection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:113003. [PMID: 25259975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The coherent evolution of an electron hole in a photoionized molecule represents an unexplored facet of charge transfer phenomena occurring in complex systems. Using ultrafast extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, we investigate the real-time dynamics of an electron hole wave packet created near a conical intersection in CO_{2}. We resolve the oscillation of the electron hole density between σ and π character, driven by the coupled bending and asymmetric stretch vibrations of the molecule. We also quantify the mixing between electron hole configurations and find that the wave packet coherence diminishes with time due to thermal dephasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Timmers
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arvinder Sandhu
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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38
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Boll R, Rouzée A, Adolph M, Anielski D, Aquila A, Bari S, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Chapman HN, Christensen L, Coffee R, Coppola N, De S, Decleva P, Epp SW, Erk B, Filsinger F, Foucar L, Gorkhover T, Gumprecht L, Hömke A, Holmegaard L, Johnsson P, Kienitz JS, Kierspel T, Krasniqi F, Kühnel KU, Maurer J, Messerschmidt M, Moshammer R, Müller NLM, Rudek B, Savelyev E, Schlichting I, Schmidt C, Scholz F, Schorb S, Schulz J, Seltmann J, Stener M, Stern S, Techert S, Thøgersen J, Trippel S, Viefhaus J, Vrakking M, Stapelfeldt H, Küpper J, Ullrich J, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:57-80. [PMID: 25290160 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C(8)H(5)F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C(6)H(4)Br(2)) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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39
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Hua W, Biggs JD, Zhang Y, Healion D, Ren H, Mukamel S. Multiple Core and Vibronic Coupling Effects in Attosecond Stimulated X-Ray Raman Spectroscopy (SXRS). J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:10.1021/ct400767g. [PMID: 24376391 PMCID: PMC3870907 DOI: 10.1021/ct400767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attosecond Stimulated X-ray Raman Spectroscopy (SXRS) is a promising technique for investigating molecular electronic structure and photochemical processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. We present a theoretical study of SXRS from multiple core excitation sites of the same element. Two issues are addressed: interference between pathways contributing the signals from different sites; and how nuclear vibrations influence the signals. Taking furan as a model system, which contains two types of carbons Cα and Cβ, we performed time-dependent density functional theory calculations and computed the SXRS signals with two pulses tuned at the carbon K-edge. Our simulations demonstrate that the SXRS signal from the Cα and Cβ sites are non-additive, owing to the significant mixed contributions (Cα 1s excitations by the pump pulse followed by Cβ 1s excitations by the probe, or vice verse). Harmonic vibrations linearly coupled to the electronic transitions are incorporated using the cumulant expansion. The nuclei act as a bath for electronic transitions which accelerate the decay of time-domain signal. The frequency-domain spectrum is modified by a small red shift and high-resolution fine-structure features are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Hua
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Jason D. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Daniel Healion
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
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40
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Bomme C, Guillemin R, Marin T, Journel L, Marchenko T, Dowek D, Trcera N, Pilette B, Avila A, Ringuenet H, Kushawaha RK, Simon M. Double momentum spectrometer for ion-electron vector correlations in dissociative photoionization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:103104. [PMID: 24182098 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new momentum spectrometer dedicated to momentum vector correlations in the context of deep core photoionization of atomic and molecular species in the gas phase. In this article, we describe the design and operation of the experimental setup. The capabilities of the apparatus are illustrated with a set of measurements done on the sulphur core 1s photoionization of gas-phase CS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bomme
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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41
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Trinter F, Williams JB, Weller M, Waitz M, Pitzer M, Voigtsberger J, Schober C, Kastirke G, Müller C, Goihl C, Burzynski P, Wiegandt F, Bauer T, Wallauer R, Sann H, Kalinin A, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler M, Sisourat N, Jahnke T. Evolution of interatomic Coulombic decay in the time domain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:093401. [PMID: 24033031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the past 15 years a novel decay mechanism of excited atoms has been discovered and investigated. This so-called interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) involves the chemical environment of the electronically excited atom: the excitation energy is transferred (in many cases over long distances) to a neighbor of the initially excited particle usually ionizing that neighbor. It turned out that ICD is a very common decay route in nature as it occurs across van der Waals and hydrogen bonds. The time evolution of ICD is predicted to be highly complex, as its efficiency strongly depends on the distance of the atoms involved and this distance typically changes during the decay. Here we present the first direct measurement of the temporal evolution of ICD using a novel experimental approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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42
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Scholz M, Holch F, Sauer C, Wiessner M, Schöll A, Reinert F. Core hole-electron correlation in coherently coupled molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:048102. [PMID: 23931410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.048102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the core hole-electron correlation in coherently coupled molecules by energy dispersive near edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. In a transient phase, which exists during the transition between two bulk arrangements, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride multilayer films exhibit peculiar changes of the line shape and energy position of the x-ray absorption signal at the C K-edge with respect to the bulk and gas phase spectra. By a comparison to a theoretical model based on a coupling of transition dipoles, which is established for optical absorption, we demonstrate that the observed spectroscopic differences can be explained by an intermolecular delocalized core hole-electron pair. By applying this model we can furthermore quantify the coherence length of the delocalized core exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scholz
- Experimentelle Physik VII and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems RCCM, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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43
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Krivosenko Y, Pavlychev A. Photoion recoil effect on photoelectron line as a probe of adsorbate–substrate interaction. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Mizuno T, Adachi J, Kazama M, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Angular correlation between B K-VV Auger electrons of BF3 molecules and coincident fragment ions: manifestation of the difference between the angular correlation and molecular frame Auger electron angular distribution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:043001. [PMID: 25166160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the angular correlation between the B K-VV Auger electrons of BF(3) molecules and the coincident fragment-ion pairs of BF(2)(+)-F(+). Then, we have found that the measured angular correlation patterns depending on the mutual angle between the light polarization direction and molecular orientation are affected by the anisotropic axis distribution of the molecular ensemble of BF(3)(+) reflecting the anisotropic nature of photon-molecule interaction. In this context, we have pointed out generally that for coincidence experiments, so-called molecular frame Auger electron angular distributions are realized only if the axis distribution of the molecular ion ensemble is isotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Kazama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita'di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita'di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Yagishita
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
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Maurer J, Dimitrovski D, Christensen L, Madsen LB, Stapelfeldt H. Molecular-frame 3D photoelectron momentum distributions by tomographic reconstruction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:123001. [PMID: 23005943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene molecules are fixed in space by a laser field and rotated, in 2° steps, over 180°. For each orientation, they are ionized by an intense, circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulse, and the 2D projection of the photoelectron momentum distribution is recorded. The molecular-frame 3D momentum distribution is obtained by tomographic reconstruction from all 90 projections. It reveals an anisotropic electron distribution, angularly shifted in the polarization plane, that is not accessible by the 2D momentum images. Our theoretical analysis shows that the magnitude of the angular shift is very sensitive to the exact form of the laser-modified molecular potential.
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Trinter F, Schmidt L, Jahnke T, Schöffler M, Jagutzki O, Czasch A, Lower J, Isaev T, Berger R, Landers A, Weber T, Dörner R, Schmidt-Böcking H. Multi-fragment vector correlation imaging. A search for hidden dynamical symmetries in many-particle molecular fragmentation processes. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.686642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Lebech M, Houver JC, Raseev G, dos Santos AS, Dowek D, Lucchese RR. Valence and inner-valence shell dissociative photoionization of CO in the 26–33 eV range. II. Molecular-frame and recoil-frame photoelectron angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3681920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Mizuno T, Adachi J, Miyauchi N, Kazama M, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Recoil frame photoelectron angular distributions of BF3: A sensitive probe of the shape resonance in the F 1s continuum. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3687006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Reid KL. Photoelectron angular distributions: developments in applications to isolated molecular systems. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.640292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Hartman T, Juranić PN, Collins K, Reilly B, Appathurai N, Wehlitz R. Large molecules reveal a linear length scaling for double photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:023001. [PMID: 22324676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the ratio of doubly to singly charged parent ions of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pentacene using monochromatized synchrotron radiation up to 30 eV above the corresponding threshold. Our measurements show a striking similarity between the ratio of doubly charged to all parent ions and the ratio for helium. Moreover, the magnitudes of the ratios for these molecules scale linearly with their lengths with an amazing accuracy. A high ratio, i.e., a high relative double-photoionization probability, makes a molecule an important source of low-energy electrons that can promote radiation damage of biomolecules [B. Boudaïffa et al., Science 287, 1658 (2000)].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hartman
- Synchrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Stoughton, Wisconsin 53589, USA
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