1
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Bouscher S, Panna D, Jacovi R, Jabeen F, Schneider C, Höfling S, Hayat A. Two-photon emission from a superlattice-based superconducting light-emitting structure. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:135. [PMID: 38849330 PMCID: PMC11161636 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices can bridge the gap between solid-state-based and photonics-based quantum systems, enabling new hybrid computing schemes, offering increased scalability and robustness. One example for a hybrid device is the superconducting light-emitting diode (SLED). SLEDs have been theoretically shown to emit polarization-entangled photon pairs by utilizing radiative recombination of Cooper pairs. However, the two-photon nature of the emission has not been shown experimentally before. We demonstrate two-photon emission in a GaAs/AlGaAs SLED. Measured electroluminescence spectra reveal unique two-photon superconducting features below the critical temperature (Tc), while temperature-dependent photon-pair correlation experiments (g(2)(τ,T)) demonstrate temperature-dependent time coincidences below Tc between photons emitted from the SLED. Our results pave the way for compact and efficient superconducting quantum light sources and open new directions in light-matter interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Bouscher
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Panna
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ronen Jacovi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Fauzia Jabeen
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alex Hayat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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2
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Xiang X, Peng YG, Gao F, Wu X, Wu P, Chen Z, Ni X, Zhu XF. Demonstration of Acoustic Higher-Order Topological Stiefel-Whitney Semimetal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:197202. [PMID: 38804947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The higher-order topological phases have attracted intense attention in the past years, which reveals various intriguing topological properties. Meanwhile, the enrichment of group symmetries with projective symmetry algebras redefines the fundamentals of topological matter and makes Stiefel-Whitney (SW) classes in classical wave systems possible. Here, we report the experimental realization of higher-order topological nodal loop semimetal in an acoustic system and obtain the inherent SW topological invariants. In stark contrast to higher-order topological semimetals relating to complex vector bundles, the hinge and surface states in the SW topological phase are protected by two distinctive SW topological charges relevant to real vector bundles. Our findings push forward the studies of SW class topology in classical wave systems, which also show possibilities in robust high-Q-resonance-based sensing and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu-Gui Peng
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Quantum Science and Technology Center and Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaoxian Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhu
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Oberg CP, Hu Y, Xu H, Yan M, Scholes GD, Wang M. Molecular and Supramolecular Materials: From Light-Harvesting to Quantum Information Science and Technology. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3294-3316. [PMID: 38497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed immense advances in quantum information technology (QIT), benefited by advances in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and engineering. It is intriguing to consider whether these diverse molecular and supramolecular structures and materials, partially inspired by quantum effects as observed in sophisticated biological systems such as light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and the magnetic compass of migratory birds, might play a role in future QIT. If so, how? Herein, we review materials and specify the relationship between structures and quantum properties, and we identify the challenges and limitations that have restricted the intersection of QIT and chemical materials. Examples are broken down into two categories: materials for quantum sensing where nonclassical function is observed on the molecular scale and systems where nonclassical phenomena are present due to intermolecular interactions. We discuss challenges for materials chemistry and make comparisons to related systems found in nature. We conclude that if chemical materials become relevant for QIT, they will enable quite new kinds of properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Catrina P Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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4
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Yu S, Liu W, Tao SJ, Li ZP, Wang YT, Zhong ZP, Patel RB, Meng Y, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zeng XD, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhang N, Liu X, Yang M, Zhang WH, Zhou ZQ, Xu JS, Tang JS, Han YJ, Li CF, Guo GC. A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38485915 PMCID: PMC10940704 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Si-Jing Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Mu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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5
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Liu YT, Wang K, Liu YD, Wang DS. A Survey of Universal Quantum von Neumann Architecture. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1187. [PMID: 37628217 PMCID: PMC10453143 DOI: 10.3390/e25081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The existence of universal quantum computers has been theoretically well established. However, building up a real quantum computer system not only relies on the theory of universality, but also needs methods to satisfy requirements on other features, such as programmability, modularity, scalability, etc. To this end, here we study the recently proposed model of quantum von Neumann architecture by putting it in a practical and broader setting, namely, the hierarchical design of a computer system. We analyze the structures of quantum CPU and quantum control units and draw their connections with computational advantages. We also point out that a recent demonstration of our model would require less than 20 qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Yu C, Ahmed Z, Frisch JC, Henderson SW, Silva-Feaver M, Arnold K, Brown D, Connors J, Cukierman AJ, D'Ewart JM, Dober BJ, Dusatko JE, Haller G, Herbst R, Hilton GC, Hubmayr J, Irwin KD, Kuo CL, Mates JAB, Ruckman L, Ullom J, Vale L, Van Winkle DD, Vasquez J, Young E. SLAC microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:014712. [PMID: 36725567 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the newest generation of the SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics, a warm digital control and readout system for microwave-frequency resonator-based cryogenic detector and multiplexer systems, such as microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexers (μmux) or microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Ultra-sensitive measurements in particle physics and astronomy increasingly rely on large arrays of cryogenic sensors, which in turn necessitate highly multiplexed readout and accompanying room-temperature electronics. Microwave-frequency resonators are a popular tool for cryogenic multiplexing, with the potential to multiplex thousands of detector channels on one readout line. The SMuRF system provides the capability for reading out up to 3328 channels across a 4-8 GHz bandwidth. Notably, the SMuRF system is unique in its implementation of a closed-loop tone-tracking algorithm that minimizes RF power transmitted to the cold amplifier, substantially relaxing system linearity requirements and effective noise from intermodulation products. Here, we present a description of the hardware, firmware, and software systems of the SMuRF electronics, comparing achieved performance with science-driven design requirements. In particular, we focus on the case of large-channel-count, low-bandwidth applications, but the system has been easily reconfigured for high-bandwidth applications. The system described here has been successfully deployed in lab settings and field sites around the world and is baselined for use on upcoming large-scale observatories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndia Yu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Josef C Frisch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Shawn W Henderson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Max Silva-Feaver
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kam Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - David Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jake Connors
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ari J Cukierman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Mitch D'Ewart
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Bradley J Dober
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - John E Dusatko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gunther Haller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Herbst
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gene C Hilton
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Johannes Hubmayr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Kent D Irwin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John A B Mates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Larry Ruckman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joel Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Leila Vale
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | | | - Jesus Vasquez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Edward Young
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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7
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Perovskite-Based Memristor with 50-Fold Switchable Photosensitivity for In-Sensor Computing Neural Network. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132217. [PMID: 35808058 PMCID: PMC9268359 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In-sensor computing can simultaneously output image information and recognition results through in-situ visual signal processing, which can greatly improve the efficiency of machine vision. However, in-sensor computing is challenging due to the requirement to controllably adjust the sensor’s photosensitivity. Herein, it is demonstrated a ternary cationic halide Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14 Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA) perovskite, whose External quantum efficiency (EQE) value is above 80% in the entire visible region (400–750 nm), and peak responsibility value at 750 nm reaches 0.45 A/W. In addition, the device can achieve a 50-fold enhancement of the photoresponsibility under the same illumination by adjusting the internal ion migration and readout voltage. A proof-of-concept visually enhanced neural network system is demonstrated through the switchable photosensitivity of the perovskite sensor array, which can simultaneously optimize imaging and recognition results and improve object recognition accuracy by 17% in low-light environments.
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8
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Abstract
Today’s computing is based on the classic paradigm proposed by John von Neumann, three-quarters of a century ago. That paradigm, however, was justified for (the timing relations of) vacuum tubes only. The technological development invalidated the classic paradigm (but not the model!). It led to catastrophic performance losses in computing systems, from the operating gate level to large networks, including the neuromorphic ones. The model is perfect, but the paradigm is applied outside of its range of validity. The classic paradigm is completed here by providing the “procedure” missing from the “First Draft” that enables computing science to work with cases where the transfer time is not negligible apart from the processing time. The paper reviews whether we can describe the implemented computing processes by using the accurate interpretation of the computing model, and whether we can explain the issues experienced in different fields of today’s computing by omitting the wrong omissions. Furthermore, it discusses some of the consequences of improper technological implementations, from shared media to parallelized operation, suggesting ideas on how computing performance could be improved to meet the growing societal demands.
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9
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Sharifi J. Superconductor qubits hamiltonian approximations effect on quantum state evolution and control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12791. [PMID: 34140590 PMCID: PMC8211851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave IQ-mixer controllers are designed for the three approximated Hamiltonians of charge, phase and flux qubits and the controllers are exerted both on approximate and precise quantum system models. The controlled qubits are for the implementation of the two quantum-gates with these three fundamental types of qubits, Quantum NOT-gate and Hadamard-gate. In the charge-qubit, for implementation of both gates, in the approximated and precise model, we observed different controlled trajectories. But fortunately, applying the controller designed for the approximated system over the precise system leads to the passing of the quantum state from the desired state sooner that the expected time. Phase-qubit and flux qubit have similar behaviour under the control system action. In both of them, the implementation of NOT-gate operation led to same trajectories which arrive at final goal state at different times. But in both of those two qubits for implementation of Hadamard-gate, desired trajectory and precise trajectory have some angle of deviation, then by exerting the approximated design controller to precise system, it caused the quantum state to approach the goal state for Hadamard gate implementation, and since the quantum state does not completely reach the goal state, we can not obtain very high gate fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 37181-46645, Iran.
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10
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Hou X, Liu C, Ding Y, Liu L, Wang S, Zhou P. A Logic-Memory Transistor with the Integration of Visible Information Sensing-Memory-Processing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002072. [PMID: 33173738 PMCID: PMC7610317 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To meet the demands of future intelligent application scenarios, the time-efficient information acquisition and energy-efficient data processing capabilities of terminal electronic systems are indispensable. However, in current commercial visual systems, the visible information is collected by image sensors, converted into digital format data, and transferred to memory units and processors for subsequent processing tasks. As a result, most of the time and energy are wasted in the data conversion and movement, which leads to large time latency and low energy efficiency. Here, based on 2D semiconductor WSe2, a logic-memory transistor that integrates visible information sensing-memory-processing capabilities is successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, based on 3 × 3 fabricated devices, an artificial visible information sensing-memory-processing system is proposed to perform image distinction tasks, in which the time latency and energy consumption caused by data conversion and movement can be avoided. On the other hand, the logic-memory transistor can also execute digital logic processing (logic) and logic results storage (memory) at the same time, such as AND logic function. Such a logic-memory transistor could provide a compact approach to develop next-generation efficient visual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Chunsen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- School of Computer ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Shuiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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11
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McRae CRH, Wang H, Gao J, Vissers MR, Brecht T, Dunsworth A, Pappas DP, Mutus J. Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:091101. [PMID: 33003823 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of superconducting circuits for quantum computing is limited by materials losses. In particular, coherence times are typically bounded by two-level system (TLS) losses at single photon powers and millikelvin temperatures. The identification of low loss fabrication techniques, materials, and thin film dielectrics is critical to achieving scalable architectures for superconducting quantum computing. Superconducting microwave resonators provide a convenient qubit proxy for assessing performance and studying TLS loss and other mechanisms relevant to superconducting circuits such as non-equilibrium quasiparticles and magnetic flux vortices. In this review article, we provide an overview of considerations for designing accurate resonator experiments to characterize loss, including applicable types of losses, cryogenic setup, device design, and methods for extracting material and interface losses, summarizing techniques that have been evolving for over two decades. Results from measurements of a wide variety of materials and processes are also summarized. Finally, we present recommendations for the reporting of loss data from superconducting microwave resonators to facilitate materials comparisons across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R H McRae
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M R Vissers
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T Brecht
- HRL Laboratories, Malibu, California 90265, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google, Inc., Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - D P Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Boulder Cryogenic Quantum Testbed, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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12
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Kim S, Kim N, Seo J, Park JE, Song EH, Choi SY, Kim JE, Cha S, Park HH, Nam JM. Nanoparticle-based computing architecture for nanoparticle neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3348. [PMID: 32923638 PMCID: PMC7449691 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a scalable nanoparticle-based computing architecture severely limits the potential and use of nanoparticles for manipulating and processing information with molecular computing schemes. Inspired by the von Neumann architecture (VNA), in which multiple programs can be operated without restructuring the computer, we realized the nanoparticle-based VNA (NVNA) on a lipid chip for multiple executions of arbitrary molecular logic operations in the single chip without refabrication. In this system, nanoparticles on a lipid chip function as the hardware that features memory, processors, and output units, and DNA strands are used as the software to provide molecular instructions for the facile programming of logic circuits. NVNA enables a group of nanoparticles to form a feed-forward neural network, a perceptron, which implements functionally complete Boolean logic operations, and provides a programmable, resettable, scalable computing architecture and circuit board to form nanoparticle neural networks and make logical decisions.
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13
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Hassanzadeh P. Towards the quantum-enabled technologies for development of drugs or delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 324:260-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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15
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Hann CT, Zou CL, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Schoelkopf RJ, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Hardware-Efficient Quantum Random Access Memory with Hybrid Quantum Acoustic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250501. [PMID: 31922763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems in which acoustic resonators couple to superconducting qubits are promising quantum information platforms. High quality factors and small mode volumes make acoustic modes ideal quantum memories, while the qubit-phonon coupling enables the initialization and manipulation of quantum states. We present a scheme for quantum computing with multimode quantum acoustic systems, and based on this scheme, propose a hardware-efficient implementation of a quantum random access memory (QRAM). Quantum information is stored in high-Q phonon modes, and couplings between modes are engineered by applying off-resonant drives to a transmon qubit. In comparison to existing proposals that involve directly exciting the qubit, this scheme can offer a substantial improvement in gate fidelity for long-lived acoustic modes. We show how these engineered phonon-phonon couplings can be used to access data in superposition according to the state of designated address modes-implementing a QRAM on a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T Hann
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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16
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Müller C, Cole JH, Lisenfeld J. Towards understanding two-level-systems in amorphous solids: insights from quantum circuits. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:124501. [PMID: 31404914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab3a7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solids show surprisingly universal behaviour at low temperatures. The prevailing wisdom is that this can be explained by the existence of two-state defects within the material. The so-called standard tunneling model has become the established framework to explain these results, yet it still leaves the central question essentially unanswered-what are these two-level defects (TLS)? This question has recently taken on a new urgency with the rise of superconducting circuits in quantum computing, circuit quantum electrodynamics, magnetometry, electrometry and metrology. Superconducting circuits made from aluminium or niobium are fundamentally limited by losses due to TLS within the amorphous oxide layers encasing them. On the other hand, these circuits also provide a novel and effective method for studying the very defects which limit their operation. We can now go beyond ensemble measurements and probe individual defects-observing the quantum nature of their dynamics and studying their formation, their behaviour as a function of applied field, strain, temperature and other properties. This article reviews the plethora of recent experimental results in this area and discusses the various theoretical models which have been used to describe the observations. In doing so, it summarises the current approaches to solving this fundamentally important problem in solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Müller
- IBM Research Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland. Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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17
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Fernandes MF, Neves L. Ptychography of pure quantum states. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16066. [PMID: 31690741 PMCID: PMC6831583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptychography is an imaging technique in which a localized illumination scans overlapping regions of an object and generates a set of diffraction intensities used to computationally reconstruct its complex-valued transmission function. We propose a quantum analogue of this technique designed to reconstruct d-dimensional pure states. A set of n rank-r projectors “scans” overlapping parts of an input state and the moduli of the d Fourier amplitudes of each part are measured. These nd outcomes are fed into an iterative phase retrieval algorithm that estimates the state. Using d up to 100 and r around d / 2, we performed numerical simulations for single systems in an economic (n = 4) and a costly (n = d) scenario, as well as for multiqubit systems (n = 6logd). This numeric study included realistic amounts of depolarization and poissonian noise, and all scenarios yielded, in general, reconstructions with infidelities below 10−2. The method is shown, therefore, to be resilient to noise and, for any d, requires a simple and fast postprocessing algorithm. We show that the algorithm is equivalent to an alternating gradient search, which ensures that it does not suffer from local-minima stagnation. Unlike traditional approaches to state reconstruction, the ptychographic scheme uses a single measurement basis; the diversity and redundancy in the measured data—key for its success—are provided by the overlapping projections. We illustrate the simplicity of this scheme with the paradigmatic multiport interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Foganholi Fernandes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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18
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Sekatski P, Bancal JD, Wagner S, Sangouard N. Certifying the Building Blocks of Quantum Computers from Bell's Theorem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:180505. [PMID: 30444388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bell's theorem has been proposed to certify, in a device-independent and robust way, blocks either producing or measuring quantum states. In this Letter, we provide a method based on Bell's theorem to certify coherent operations for the storage, processing, and transfer of quantum information. This completes the set of tools needed to certify all building blocks of a quantum computer. Our method distinguishes itself by its robustness to experimental imperfections, and so could be used to certify that today's quantum devices are qualified for usage in future quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sekatski
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstraße 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean-Daniel Bancal
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstraße 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Wagner
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstraße 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sangouard
- Quantum Optics Theory Group, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstraße 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Černotík O, Mahmoodian S, Hammerer K. Spatially Adiabatic Frequency Conversion in Optoelectromechanical Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:110506. [PMID: 30265088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Faithful conversion of quantum signals between microwave and optical frequency domains is crucial for building quantum networks based on superconducting circuits. Optoelectromechanical systems, in which microwave and optical cavity modes are coupled to a common mechanical oscillator, are a promising route towards this goal. In these systems, efficient, low-noise conversion is possible using a mechanically dark mode of the fields, but the conversion bandwidth is limited to a fraction of the cavity linewidth. Here, we show that an array of optoelectromechanical transducers can overcome this limitation and reach a bandwidth that is larger than the cavity linewidth. The coupling rates are varied in space throughout the array so that the mechanically dark mode of the propagating fields adiabatically changes from microwave to optical or vice versa. This strategy also leads to significantly reduced thermal noise with the collective optomechanical cooperativity being the relevant figure of merit. Finally, we demonstrate that the bandwidth enhancement is, surprisingly, largest for small arrays; this feature makes our scheme particularly attractive for state-of-the-art experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Černotík
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Noh T, Park G, Lee SG, Song W, Chong Y. Construction of controlled-NOT gate based on microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate in two transmon system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13598. [PMID: 30206262 PMCID: PMC6134032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally constructed an all-microwave scheme for the controlled-NOT (cNOT) gate between two superconducting transmon qubits in a three dimensional cavity. Our cNOT gate is based on the microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate, which requires an additional procedure to compensate the accumulated phases during the operation of the MAP gate. We applied Z-axis phase gates using microwave hyperbolic secant pulse on both qubits with adequate rotation angles systematically calibrated by separate measurements. We evaluated the gate performance of the constructed cNOT gate by performing two-qubit quantum process tomography (QPT). Finally, we present the experimental implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm using the cNOT gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Noh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanyeol Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Gul Lee
- Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Song
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonuk Chong
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. .,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Magnard P, Kurpiers P, Royer B, Walter T, Besse JC, Gasparinetti S, Pechal M, Heinsoo J, Storz S, Blais A, Wallraff A. Fast and Unconditional All-Microwave Reset of a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:060502. [PMID: 30141638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Active qubit reset is a key operation in many quantum algorithms, and particularly in quantum error correction. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reset scheme for a three-level transmon artificial atom coupled to a large bandwidth resonator. The reset protocol uses a microwave-induced interaction between the |f,0⟩ and |g,1⟩ states of the coupled transmon-resonator system, with |g⟩ and |f⟩ denoting the ground and second excited states of the transmon, and |0⟩ and |1⟩ the photon Fock states of the resonator. We characterize the reset process and demonstrate reinitialization of the transmon-resonator system to its ground state in less than 500 ns and with 0.2% residual excitation. Our protocol is of practical interest as it has no additional architectural requirements beyond those needed for fast and efficient single-shot readout of transmons, and does not require feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Magnard
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Kurpiers
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Royer
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - T Walter
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J-C Besse
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Gasparinetti
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Pechal
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Heinsoo
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Storz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Blais
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G IZ8, Canada
| | - A Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Liu T, Guo BQ, Yu CS, Zhang WN. One-step implementation of a hybrid Fredkin gate with quantum memories and single superconducting qubit in circuit QED and its applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:4498-4511. [PMID: 29475300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a recent remarkable experiment [Sci. Adv. 2, e1501531 (2016)], a 3-qubit quantum Fredkin (i.e., controlled-SWAP) gate was demonstrated by using linear optics. Here we propose a simple experimental scheme by utilizing the dispersive interaction in superconducting quantum circuit to implement a hybrid Fredkin gate with a superconducting flux qubit as the control qubit and two separated quantum memories as the target qudits. The quantum memories considered here are prepared by the superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators or nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles. In particular, it is shown that this Fredkin gate can be realized using a single-step operation and more importantly, each target qudit can be in an arbitrary state with arbitrary degrees of freedom. Furthermore, we show that this experimental scheme has many potential applications in quantum computation and quantum information processing such as generating arbitrary entangled states (discrete-variable states or continuous-variable states) of the two memories, measuring the fidelity and the entanglement between the two memories. With state-of-the-art circuit QED technology, the numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate that two-memory NOON states, entangled coherent states, and entangled cat states can be efficiently synthesized.
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23
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Xu K, Chen JJ, Zeng Y, Zhang YR, Song C, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang P, Xu D, Deng H, Huang K, Wang H, Zhu X, Zheng D, Fan H. Emulating Many-Body Localization with a Superconducting Quantum Processor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:050507. [PMID: 29481152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The law of statistical physics dictates that generic closed quantum many-body systems initialized in nonequilibrium will thermalize under their own dynamics. However, the emergence of many-body localization (MBL) owing to the interplay between interaction and disorder, which is in stark contrast to Anderson localization, which only addresses noninteracting particles in the presence of disorder, greatly challenges this concept, because it prevents the systems from evolving to the ergodic thermalized state. One critical evidence of MBL is the long-time logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy, and a direct observation of it is still elusive due to the experimental challenges in multiqubit single-shot measurement and quantum state tomography. Here we present an experiment fully emulating the MBL dynamics with a 10-qubit superconducting quantum processor, which represents a spin-1/2 XY model featuring programmable disorder and long-range spin-spin interactions. We provide essential signatures of MBL, such as the imbalance due to the initial nonequilibrium, the violation of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and, more importantly, the direct evidence of the long-time logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy. Our results lay solid foundations for precisely simulating the intriguing physics of quantum many-body systems on the platform of large-scale multiqubit superconducting quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jin-Jun Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Song C, Xu K, Liu W, Yang CP, Zheng SB, Deng H, Xie Q, Huang K, Guo Q, Zhang L, Zhang P, Xu D, Zheng D, Zhu X, Wang H, Chen YA, Lu CY, Han S, Pan JW. 10-Qubit Entanglement and Parallel Logic Operations with a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:180511. [PMID: 29219550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.180511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the production and tomography of genuinely entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with up to ten qubits connecting to a bus resonator in a superconducting circuit, where the resonator-mediated qubit-qubit interactions are used to controllably entangle multiple qubits and to operate on different pairs of qubits in parallel. The resulting 10-qubit density matrix is probed by quantum state tomography, with a fidelity of 0.668±0.025. Our results demonstrate the largest entanglement created so far in solid-state architectures and pave the way to large-scale quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Chui-Ping Yang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiwei Xie
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y-A Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - C-Y Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
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25
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Song C, Zheng SB, Zhang P, Xu K, Zhang L, Guo Q, Liu W, Xu D, Deng H, Huang K, Zheng D, Zhu X, Wang H. Continuous-variable geometric phase and its manipulation for quantum computation in a superconducting circuit. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1061. [PMID: 29057880 PMCID: PMC5715165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometric phase, associated with holonomy transformation in quantum state space, is an important quantum-mechanical effect. Besides fundamental interest, this effect has practical applications, among which geometric quantum computation is a paradigm, where quantum logic operations are realized through geometric phase manipulation that has some intrinsic noise-resilient advantages and may enable simplified implementation of multi-qubit gates compared to the dynamical approach. Here we report observation of a continuous-variable geometric phase and demonstrate a quantum gate protocol based on this phase in a superconducting circuit, where five qubits are controllably coupled to a resonator. Our geometric approach allows for one-step implementation of n-qubit controlled-phase gates, which represents a remarkable advantage compared to gate decomposition methods, where the number of required steps dramatically increases with n. Following this approach, we realize these gates with n up to 4, verifying the high efficiency of this geometric manipulation for quantum computation. Geometric phase is of fundamental interest and has practical application in quantum computation. Here the authors observe continuous-variable geometric phase in a superconducting circuit and demonstrate a multi-qubit controlled phase gate protocol based on this geometric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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26
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Nguyen T, Hill CD, Hollenberg LCL, James MR. Fan-out Estimation in Spin-based Quantum Computer Scale-up. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13386. [PMID: 29042570 PMCID: PMC5645404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state spin-based qubits offer good prospects for scaling based on their long coherence times and nexus to large-scale electronic scale-up technologies. However, high-threshold quantum error correction requires a two-dimensional qubit array operating in parallel, posing significant challenges in fabrication and control. While architectures incorporating distributed quantum control meet this challenge head-on, most designs rely on individual control and readout of all qubits with high gate densities. We analysed the fan-out routing overhead of a dedicated control line architecture, basing the analysis on a generalised solid-state spin qubit platform parameterised to encompass Coulomb confined (e.g. donor based spin qubits) or electrostatically confined (e.g. quantum dot based spin qubits) implementations. The spatial scalability under this model is estimated using standard electronic routing methods and present-day fabrication constraints. Based on reasonable assumptions for qubit control and readout we estimate 102–105 physical qubits, depending on the quantum interconnect implementation, can be integrated and fanned-out independently. Assuming relatively long control-free interconnects the scalability can be extended. Ultimately, the universal quantum computation may necessitate a much higher number of integrated qubits, indicating that higher dimensional electronics fabrication and/or multiplexed distributed control and readout schemes may be the preferredstrategy for large-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Nguyen
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Charles D Hill
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lloyd C L Hollenberg
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew R James
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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27
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Wendin G. Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:106001. [PMID: 28682303 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7e1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last ten years, superconducting circuits have passed from being interesting physical devices to becoming contenders for near-future useful and scalable quantum information processing (QIP). Advanced quantum simulation experiments have been shown with up to nine qubits, while a demonstration of quantum supremacy with fifty qubits is anticipated in just a few years. Quantum supremacy means that the quantum system can no longer be simulated by the most powerful classical supercomputers. Integrated classical-quantum computing systems are already emerging that can be used for software development and experimentation, even via web interfaces. Therefore, the time is ripe for describing some of the recent development of superconducting devices, systems and applications. As such, the discussion of superconducting qubits and circuits is limited to devices that are proven useful for current or near future applications. Consequently, the centre of interest is the practical applications of QIP, such as computation and simulation in Physics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wendin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience-MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Transferring arbitrary d-dimensional quantum states of a superconducting transmon qudit in circuit QED. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7039. [PMID: 28765631 PMCID: PMC5539217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A qudit (d-level quantum system) has a large Hilbert space and thus can be used to achieve many quantum information and communication tasks. Here, we propose a method to transfer arbitrary d-dimensional quantum states (known or unknown) between two superconducting transmon qudits coupled to a single cavity. The state transfer can be performed by employing resonant interactions only. In addition, quantum states can be deterministically transferred without measurement. Numerical simulations show that high-fidelity transfer of quantum states between two superconducting transmon qudits (d ≤ 5) is feasible with current circuit QED technology. This proposal is quite general and can be applied to accomplish the same task with natural or artificial atoms of a ladder-type level structure coupled to a cavity or resonator.
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29
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Zheng Y, Song C, Chen MC, Xia B, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang L, Xu D, Deng H, Huang K, Wu Y, Yan Z, Zheng D, Lu L, Pan JW, Wang H, Lu CY, Zhu X. Solving Systems of Linear Equations with a Superconducting Quantum Processor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:210504. [PMID: 28598660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting quantum circuits are a promising candidate for building scalable quantum computers. Here, we use a four-qubit superconducting quantum processor to solve a two-dimensional system of linear equations based on a quantum algorithm proposed by Harrow, Hassidim, and Lloyd [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 150502 (2009)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.103.150502], which promises an exponential speedup over classical algorithms under certain circumstances. We benchmark the solver with quantum inputs and outputs, and characterize it by nontrace-preserving quantum process tomography, which yields a process fidelity of 0.837±0.006. Our results highlight the potential of superconducting quantum circuits for applications in solving large-scale linear systems, a ubiquitous task in science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Benxiang Xia
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiguang Yan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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30
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Abstract
Quantum technology promises revolutionizing applications in information processing, communications, sensing and modelling. However, efficient on-demand cooling of the functional quantum degrees of freedom remains challenging in many solid-state implementations, such as superconducting circuits. Here we demonstrate direct cooling of a superconducting resonator mode using voltage-controllable electron tunnelling in a nanoscale refrigerator. This result is revealed by a decreased electron temperature at a resonator-coupled probe resistor, even for an elevated electron temperature at the refrigerator. Our conclusions are verified by control experiments and by a good quantitative agreement between theory and experimental observations at various operation voltages and bath temperatures. In the future, we aim to remove spurious dissipation introduced by our refrigerator and to decrease the operational temperature. Such an ideal quantum-circuit refrigerator has potential applications in the initialization of quantum electric devices. In the superconducting quantum computer, for example, fast and accurate reset of the quantum memory is needed. Efficient on-demand cooling of the functional degrees of freedom in solid-state implementations of quantum information processing devices remains a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate direct cooling of a photonic mode of a superconducting resonator using voltage-controllable electron tunnelling.
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31
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Averin DV, Xu K, Zhong YP, Song C, Wang H, Han S. Suppression of Dephasing by Qubit Motion in Superconducting Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:010501. [PMID: 26799006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We suggest and demonstrate a protocol which suppresses the low-frequency dephasing by qubit motion, i.e., transfer of the logical qubit of information in a system of n≥2 physical qubits. The protocol requires only the nearest-neighbor coupling and is applicable to different qubit structures. Our analysis of its effectiveness against noises with arbitrary correlations, together with experiments using up to three superconducting qubits, shows that for the realistic uncorrelated noises, qubit motion increases the dephasing time of the logical qubit as √n. In general, the protocol provides a diagnostic tool for measurements of the noise correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Averin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - K Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Y P Zhong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - C Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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32
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Dragoman D, Dragoman M. Graphene-based room-temperature implementation of a modified Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:485201. [PMID: 26541203 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/48/485201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an implementation of a one-qubit and two-qubit modified Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm based on graphene ballistic devices working at room temperature. The modified Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm decides whether a function, equivalent to the effect of an energy potential distribution on the wave function of ballistic charge carriers, is constant or not, without measuring the output wave function. The function need not be Boolean. Simulations confirm that the algorithm works properly, opening the way toward quantum computing at room temperature based on the same clean-room technologies as those used for fabrication of very-large-scale integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dragoman
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, PO Box MG-11, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
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33
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Digital quantum simulators in a scalable architecture of hybrid spin-photon qubits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16036. [PMID: 26563516 PMCID: PMC4643341 DOI: 10.1038/srep16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving quantum many-body problems represents one of the greatest challenges in physics and physical chemistry, due to the prohibitively large computational resources that would be required by using classical computers. A solution has been foreseen by directly simulating the time evolution through sequences of quantum gates applied to arrays of qubits, i.e. by implementing a digital quantum simulator. Superconducting circuits and resonators are emerging as an extremely promising platform for quantum computation architectures, but a digital quantum simulator proposal that is straightforwardly scalable, universal, and realizable with state-of-the-art technology is presently lacking. Here we propose a viable scheme to implement a universal quantum simulator with hybrid spin-photon qubits in an array of superconducting resonators, which is intrinsically scalable and allows for local control. As representative examples we consider the transverse-field Ising model, a spin-1 Hamiltonian, and the two-dimensional Hubbard model and we numerically simulate the scheme by including the main sources of decoherence.
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34
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Goyeneche D, Cañas G, Etcheverry S, Gómez ES, Xavier GB, Lima G, Delgado A. Five Measurement Bases Determine Pure Quantum States on Any Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:090401. [PMID: 26371631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing problem in quantum mechanics is the minimum number of observables required for the characterization of unknown pure quantum states. The solution to this problem is especially important for the developing field of high-dimensional quantum information processing. In this work we demonstrate that any pure d-dimensional state is unambiguously reconstructed by measuring five observables, that is, via projective measurements onto the states of five orthonormal bases. Thus, in our method the total number of different measurement outcomes (5d) scales linearly with d. The state reconstruction is robust against experimental errors and requires simple postprocessing, regardless of d. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme through the reconstruction of eight-dimensional quantum states, encoded in the momentum of single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goyeneche
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - G Cañas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - S Etcheverry
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - E S Gómez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - G B Xavier
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Concepción, 160-C Concepción, Chile
| | - G Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Delgado
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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35
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McKay DC, Naik R, Reinhold P, Bishop LS, Schuster DI. High-contrast qubit interactions using multimode cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:080501. [PMID: 25768741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new multimode cavity QED architecture for superconducting circuits that can be used to implement photonic memories, more efficient Purcell filters, and quantum simulations of photonic materials. We show that qubit interactions mediated by multimode cavities can have exponentially improved contrast for two qubit gates without sacrificing gate speed. Using two qubits coupled via a three-mode cavity system we spectroscopically observe multimode strong couplings up to 102 MHz and demonstrate suppressed interactions off resonance of 10 kHz when the qubits are ≈600 MHz detuned from the cavity resonance. We study Landau-Zener transitions in our multimode systems and demonstrate quasiadiabatic loading of single photons into the multimode cavity in 25 ns. We introduce an adiabatic gate protocol to realize a controlled-Z gate between the qubits in 95 ns and create a Bell state with 94.7% fidelity. This corresponds to an on/off ratio (gate contrast) of 1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C McKay
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi Naik
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Philip Reinhold
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lev S Bishop
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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36
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García-Álvarez L, Casanova J, Mezzacapo A, Egusquiza IL, Lamata L, Romero G, Solano E. Fermion-fermion scattering in quantum field theory with superconducting circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:070502. [PMID: 25763944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose an analog-digital quantum simulation of fermion-fermion scattering mediated by a continuum of bosonic modes within a circuit quantum electrodynamics scenario. This quantum technology naturally provides strong coupling of superconducting qubits with a continuum of electromagnetic modes in an open transmission line. In this way, we propose qubits to efficiently simulate fermionic modes via digital techniques, while we consider the continuum complexity of an open transmission line to simulate the continuum complexity of bosonic modes in quantum field theories. Therefore, we believe that the complexity-simulating-complexity concept should become a leading paradigm in any effort towards scalable quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Álvarez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Casanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - A Mezzacapo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - I L Egusquiza
- Department of Theoretical Physics and History of Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - L Lamata
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - G Romero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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37
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Marcos D, Widmer P, Rico E, Hafezi M, Rabl P, Wiese UJ, Zoller P. Two-dimensional lattice gauge theories with superconducting quantum circuits. ANNALS OF PHYSICS 2014; 351:634-654. [PMID: 25512676 PMCID: PMC4263216 DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A quantum simulator of [Formula: see text] lattice gauge theories can be implemented with superconducting circuits. This allows the investigation of confined and deconfined phases in quantum link models, and of valence bond solid and spin liquid phases in quantum dimer models. Fractionalized confining strings and the real-time dynamics of quantum phase transitions are accessible as well. Here we show how state-of-the-art superconducting technology allows us to simulate these phenomena in relatively small circuit lattices. By exploiting the strong non-linear couplings between quantized excitations emerging when superconducting qubits are coupled, we show how to engineer gauge invariant Hamiltonians, including ring-exchange and four-body Ising interactions. We demonstrate that, despite decoherence and disorder effects, minimal circuit instances allow us to investigate properties such as the dynamics of electric flux strings, signaling confinement in gauge invariant field theories. The experimental realization of these models in larger superconducting circuits could address open questions beyond current computational capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P. Widmer
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern University, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Rico
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P. Rabl
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - U.-J. Wiese
- Albert Einstein Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern University, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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38
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Stenberg MPV, Sanders YR, Wilhelm FK. Efficient estimation of resonant coupling between quantum systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:210404. [PMID: 25479480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient method for the characterization of two coupled discrete quantum systems, one of which can be controlled and measured. For two systems with transition frequencies ωq, ωr, and coupling strength g we show how to obtain estimates of g and ωr whose error decreases exponentially in the number of measurement shots rather than as a power law expected in simple approaches. Our algorithm can thereby identify g and ωr simultaneously with high precision in a few hundred measurement shots. This is achieved by adapting measurement settings upon data as it is collected. We also introduce a method to eliminate erroneous estimates with small overhead. Our algorithm is robust against the presence of relaxation and typical noise. Our results are applicable to many candidate technologies for quantum computation, in particular, for the characterization of spurious two-level systems in superconducting qubits or stripline resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval R Sanders
- IQC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Frank K Wilhelm
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany and IQC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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39
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Roushan P, Neill C, Chen Y, Kolodrubetz M, Quintana C, Leung N, Fang M, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Megrant A, Mutus J, O’Malley PJJ, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White T, Polkovnikov A, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Observation of topological transitions in interacting quantum circuits. Nature 2014; 515:241-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Hybrid Quantum-Classical Protocol for Storage and Retrieval of Discrete-Valued Information. ENTROPY 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/e16063537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Egger DJ, Wilhelm FK. Adaptive hybrid optimal quantum control for imprecisely characterized systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:240503. [PMID: 24996074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.240503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optimal quantum control theory carries a huge promise for quantum technology. Its experimental application, however, is often hindered by imprecise knowledge of the input variables, the quantum system's parameters. We show how to overcome this by adaptive hybrid optimal control, using a protocol named Ad-HOC. This protocol combines open- and closed-loop optimal control by first performing a gradient search towards a near-optimal control pulse and then an experimental fidelity estimation with a gradient-free method. For typical settings in solid-state quantum information processing, adaptive hybrid optimal control enhances gate fidelities by an order of magnitude, making optimal control theory applicable and useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Egger
- Theoretical Physics, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - F K Wilhelm
- Theoretical Physics, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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42
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Leib M, Hartmann MJ. Synchronized switching in a josephson junction crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:223603. [PMID: 24949766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator where the central conductor is interrupted by a series of uniformly spaced Josephson junctions. The device forms an extended medium that is optically nonlinear on the single photon level with normal modes that inherit the full nonlinearity of the junctions but are nonetheless accessible via the resonator ports. For specific plasma frequencies of the junctions, a set of normal modes clusters in a narrow band and eventually becomes entirely degenerate. Upon increasing the intensity of a red detuned drive on these modes, we observe a sharp and synchronized switching from low-occupation quantum states to high-occupation classical fields, accompanied by a pronounced jump from low to high output intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Leib
- Technische Universität München, Physik Department, James Franck Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael J Hartmann
- Technische Universität München, Physik Department, James Franck Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany and Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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43
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Barends R, Kelly J, Megrant A, Veitia A, Sank D, Jeffrey E, White TC, Mutus J, Fowler AG, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Neill C, O’Malley P, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Korotkov AN, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance. Nature 2014; 508:500-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Back to The Future: A Roadmap for Quantum Simulation From Vintage Quantum Chemistry. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118742631.ch02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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45
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Saira OP, Groen JP, Cramer J, Meretska M, de Lange G, DiCarlo L. Entanglement genesis by ancilla-based parity measurement in 2D circuit QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:070502. [PMID: 24579578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an indirect two-qubit parity meter in planar circuit quantum electrodynamics, realized by discrete interaction with an ancilla and a subsequent projective ancilla measurement with a dedicated, dispersively coupled resonator. Quantum process tomography and successful entanglement by measurement demonstrate that the meter is intrinsically quantum nondemolition. Separate interaction and measurement steps allow the execution of subsequent data-qubit operations in parallel with ancilla measurement, offering time savings over continuous schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O-P Saira
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J P Groen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Cramer
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Meretska
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - G de Lange
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - L DiCarlo
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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46
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Sames C, Chibani H, Hamsen C, Altin PA, Wilk T, Rempe G. Antiresonance phase shift in strongly coupled cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:043601. [PMID: 24580448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phase shifts in the strong coupling regime of single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics. On the light transmitted through the system, we observe a phase shift associated with an antiresonance and show that both its frequency and width depend solely on the atom, despite the strong coupling to the cavity. This shift is optically controllable and reaches 140°--the largest ever reported for a single emitter. Our result offers a new technique for the characterization of complex integrated quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sames
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Chibani
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Hamsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P A Altin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Wilk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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47
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Reducing the impact of intrinsic dissipation in a superconducting circuit by quantum error detection. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3135. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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48
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Patton KR, Fischer UR. Ultrafast quantum random access memory utilizing single Rydberg atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240504. [PMID: 24483637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a long-lived and rapidly accessible quantum memory unit, for which the operational Hilbert space is spanned by states involving the two macroscopically occupied hyperfine levels of a miscible binary atomic Bose-Einstein condensate and the Rydberg state of a single atom. It is shown that an arbitrary qubit state, initially prepared using a flux qubit, can be rapidly transferred to and from the trapped atomic ensemble in approximately 10 ns and with a large fidelity of 97%, via an effective two-photon process using an external laser for the transition to the Rydberg level. The achievable ultrafast transfer of quantum information therefore enables a large number of storage and retrieval cycles from the highly controllable quantum optics setup of a dilute ultracold gas, even within the typically very short flux qubit lifetimes of the order of microseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Patton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, 151-747 Seoul, Korea
| | - Uwe R Fischer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, 151-747 Seoul, Korea
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49
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Di Candia R, Mejia B, Castillo H, Pedernales JS, Casanova J, Solano E. Embedding quantum simulators for quantum computation of entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240502. [PMID: 24483635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of embedding quantum simulators, a paradigm allowing the efficient quantum computation of a class of bipartite and multipartite entanglement monotones. It consists in the suitable encoding of a simulated quantum dynamics in the enlarged Hilbert space of an embedding quantum simulator. In this manner, entanglement monotones are conveniently mapped onto physical observables, overcoming the necessity of full tomography and reducing drastically the experimental requirements. Furthermore, this method is directly applicable to pure states and, assisted by classical algorithms, to the mixed-state case. Finally, we expect that the proposed embedding framework paves the way for a general theory of enhanced one-to-one quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Candia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - B Mejia
- Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - H Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Perú
| | - J S Pedernales
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Casanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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50
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Steffen L, Salathe Y, Oppliger M, Kurpiers P, Baur M, Lang C, Eichler C, Puebla-Hellmann G, Fedorov A, Wallraff A. Deterministic quantum teleportation with feed-forward in a solid state system. Nature 2013; 500:319-22. [PMID: 23955231 DOI: 10.1038/nature12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Engineered macroscopic quantum systems based on superconducting electronic circuits are attractive for experimentally exploring diverse questions in quantum information science. At the current state of the art, quantum bits (qubits) are fabricated, initialized, controlled, read out and coupled to each other in simple circuits. This enables the realization of basic logic gates, the creation of complex entangled states and the demonstration of algorithms or error correction. Using different variants of low-noise parametric amplifiers, dispersive quantum non-demolition single-shot readout of single-qubit states with high fidelity has enabled continuous and discrete feedback control of single qubits. Here we realize full deterministic quantum teleportation with feed-forward in a chip-based superconducting circuit architecture. We use a set of two parametric amplifiers for both joint two-qubit and individual qubit single-shot readout, combined with flexible real-time digital electronics. Our device uses a crossed quantum bus technology that allows us to create complex networks with arbitrary connecting topology in a planar architecture. The deterministic teleportation process succeeds with order unit probability for any input state, as we prepare maximally entangled two-qubit states as a resource and distinguish all Bell states in a single two-qubit measurement with high efficiency and high fidelity. We teleport quantum states between two macroscopic systems separated by 6 mm at a rate of 10(4) s(-1), exceeding other reported implementations. The low transmission loss of superconducting waveguides is likely to enable the range of this and other schemes to be extended to significantly larger distances, enabling tests of non-locality and the realization of elements for quantum communication at microwave frequencies. The demonstrated feed-forward may also find application in error correction schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Steffen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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