1
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Galán MF, Serrano J, Jarque EC, Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Nisoli M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Hernández-García C, San Roman J. Robust Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation with Self-Compressed Subcycle Drivers from Hollow Capillary Fibers. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1673-1683. [PMID: 38645995 PMCID: PMC11027177 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) arising from the nonperturbative interaction of intense light fields with matter constitutes a well-established tabletop source of coherent extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation, which is typically emitted as attosecond pulse trains. However, ultrafast applications increasingly demand isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), which offer great promise for advancing precision control of electron dynamics. Yet, the direct generation of IAPs typically requires the synthesis of near-single-cycle intense driving fields, which is technologically challenging. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a novel scheme for the straightforward and compact generation of IAPs from multicycle infrared drivers using hollow capillary fibers (HCFs). Starting from a standard, intense multicycle infrared pulse, a light transient is generated by extreme soliton self-compression in a HCF with decreasing pressure and is subsequently used to drive HHG in a gas target. Owing to the subcycle confinement of the HHG process, high-contrast IAPs are continuously emitted almost independently of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the optimally self-compressed drivers. This results in a CEP-robust scheme which is also stable under macroscopic propagation of the high harmonics in a gas target. Our results open the way to a new generation of integrated all-fiber IAP sources, overcoming the efficiency limitations of usual gating techniques for multicycle drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernández Galán
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Javier Serrano
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Enrique Conejero Jarque
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christian Brahms
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - John C. Travers
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Julio San Roman
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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2
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Railing LM, Le MS, Lazzarini CM, Milchberg HM. Loss-free shaping of few-cycle terawatt laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1433-1436. [PMID: 38489418 DOI: 10.1364/ol.516590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate loss-free generation of 3 mJ, 1 kHz, few-cycle (5 fs at 750 nm central wavelength) double pulses with a pulse peak separation from 10 to 100 fs, using a helium-filled hollow core fiber (HCF) and chirped mirror compressor. Crucial to our scheme are simulation-based modifications to the spectral phase and amplitude of the oscillator seed pulse to eliminate the deleterious effects of self-focusing and nonlinear phase pickup in the chirped pulse amplifier. The shortest pulse separations are enabled by tunable nonlinear pulse splitting in the HCF compressor.
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3
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Komatsu K, Pápa Z, Jauk T, Bernecker F, Tóth L, Lackner F, Ernst WE, Ditlbacher H, Krenn JR, Ossiander M, Dombi P, Schultze M. Few-Cycle Surface Plasmon Polaritons. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2637-2642. [PMID: 38345784 PMCID: PMC10906073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can confine and guide light in nanometer volumes and are ideal tools for achieving electric field enhancement and the construction of nanophotonic circuitry. The realization of the highest field strengths and fastest switching requires confinement also in the temporal domain. Here, we demonstrate a tapered plasmonic waveguide with an optimized grating structure that supports few-cycle surface plasmon polaritons with >70 THz bandwidth while achieving >50% light-field-to-plasmon coupling efficiency. This enables us to observe the─to our knowledge─shortest reported SPP wavepackets. Using time-resolved photoelectron microscopy with suboptical-wavelength spatial and sub-10 fs temporal resolution, we provide full spatiotemporal imaging of co- and counter-propagating few-cycle SPP wavepackets along tapered plasmonic waveguides. By comparing their propagation, we track the evolution of the laser-plasmon phase, which can be controlled via the coupling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazma Komatsu
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Pápa
- Wigner
Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS
Research Institute, 6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Jauk
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Felix Bernecker
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lázár Tóth
- ELI-ALPS
Research Institute, 6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E. Ernst
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Marcus Ossiander
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Péter Dombi
- Wigner
Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS
Research Institute, 6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Martin Schultze
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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4
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Reiger S, Mamaikin M, Kormin D, Golyari K, Kassab H, Seeger M, Pervak V, Karpowicz N, Nubbemeyer T. Ultra-phase-stable infrared light source at the watt level. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1049-1052. [PMID: 38359250 DOI: 10.1364/ol.509905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ultrashort pulses at infrared wavelengths are advantageous when studying light-matter interaction. For the spectral region around 2 µm, multi-stage parametric amplification is the most common method to reach higher pulse energies. Yet it has been a key challenge for such systems to deliver waveform-stable pulses without active stabilization and synchronization systems. Here, we present a different approach for the generation of infrared pulses centered at 1.8 µm with watt-level average power utilizing only a single nonlinear crystal. Our laser system relies on a well-established Yb:YAG thin-disk technology at 1.03 µm wavelength combined with a hybrid two-stage broadening scheme. We show the high-power downconversion process via intra-pulse difference frequency generation, which leads to excellent passive stability of the carrier envelope phase below 20 mrad-comparable to modern oscillators. It also provides simple control over the central wavelength within a broad spectral range. The developed infrared source is employed to generate a multi-octave continuum from 500 nm to 2.5 µm opening the path toward sub-cycle pulse synthesis with extreme waveform stability.
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5
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Timmer D, Lünemann DC, Riese S, Sio AD, Lienau C. Full visible range two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with high time resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:835-847. [PMID: 38175103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful method to study coherent and incoherent interactions and dynamics in complex quantum systems by correlating excitation and detection energies in a nonlinear spectroscopy experiment. Such dynamics can be probed with a time resolution limited only by the duration of the employed laser pulses and in a spectral range defined by the pulse spectrum. In the blue spectral range (<500 nm), the generation of sufficiently broadband ultrashort pulses with pulse durations of 10 fs or less has been challenging so far. Here, we present a 2DES setup based on a hollow-core fiber supercontinuum covering the full visible range (400-700 nm). Pulse compression via custom-made chirped mirrors yields a time resolution of <10 fs. The broad spectral coverage, in particular the extension of the pulse spectra into the blue spectral range, unlocks new possibilities for coherent investigations of blue-light absorbing and multichromophoric compounds, as demonstrated by a 2DES measurement of chlorophyll a.
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6
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Rupprecht P, Magunia A, Aufleger L, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Flexible experimental platform for dispersion-free temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39821-39831. [PMID: 38041296 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise temporal characterization of laser pulses is crucial for ultrashort applications in biology, chemistry, and physics. Especially in femto- and attosecond science, diverse laser pulse sources in different spectral regimes from the visible to the infrared as well as pulse durations ranging from picoseconds to few femtoseconds are employed. In this article, we present a versatile temporal-characterization apparatus that can access these different temporal and spectral regions in a dispersion-free manner and without phase-matching constraints. The design combines transient-grating and surface third-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating in one device with optimized alignment capabilities based on a noncollinear geometry.
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7
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Savitsky IV, Voronin AA, Stepanov EA, Lanin AA, Fedotov AB. Sub-cycle pulse revealed with carrier-envelope phase control of soliton self-compression in anti-resonant hollow-core fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4468-4471. [PMID: 37656530 DOI: 10.1364/ol.499008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a pump pulse on the multioctave supercontinuum (SC) generation in a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR HCF) by soliton self-compression (SSC) has been explored. We have shown an octave-wide third harmonic generation (THG) in the visible-to-near-infrared range during the pulse compression down to a sub-cycle duration. The CEP of a multi-cycle pump pulse provides control of interference between the third harmonic (TH) and the SC that indicates the coherent synthesis of a sub-cycle pulse with a duration of about 0.4 optical cycles and a peak power of more than 2 GW at the fiber output.
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8
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Tang X, Li B, Wang K, Yin Z, Zhang C, Guan Z, Wang B, Lin CD, Jin C. Role of the Porras factor in phase matching of high-order harmonic generation driven by focused few-cycle laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3673-3676. [PMID: 37450722 DOI: 10.1364/ol.494201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the role of the Porras factor (or laser focusing effect) on the macroscopic high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by a focused broadband few-cycle laser beam. By employing a non-adiabatic phase-matching analysis method, we reveal that phase mismatch due to the induced-dipole phase varies with the Porras factor, which is dominant in phase matching at low gas pressure. We also find that in a strongly ionized medium when gas pressure is high, the nonlinear propagation is dominated by a plasma effect such that the focusing effect is mitigated, resulting in similar poor phase matching of HHG regardless of the Porras factor. Our results are expected to assist experimentalists identifying optimal conditions for HHG using ultrashort laser pulses.
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9
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Shin JU, Cho W, Yeom K, Kim KT. Tailoring octave-spanning ultrashort laser pulses using multiple prisms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:22855-22862. [PMID: 37475386 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel pulse shaper in which an incident laser beam is angularly dispersed by a first prism, and then it is split into separate beams using multiple prisms. Since this new pulse shaper offers independent control of the amplitude and phase of the separate beams, it can produce pulses having desired temporal shapes. Furthermore, it imposes a significant amount of negative group delay dispersion (GDD) over an octave spectrum near visible, which can compensate for a positive GDD accumulated in the process of spectral broadening. Consequently, single-cycle or few-cycle laser pulses can be produced without the need for chirped mirrors.
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10
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Klimkin ND, Jiménez-Galán Á, Silva REF, Ivanov M. Symmetry-aware deep neural networks for high harmonic spectroscopy in solids. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20559-20571. [PMID: 37381448 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Neural networks are a prominent tool for identifying and modeling complex patterns, which are otherwise hard to detect and analyze. While machine learning and neural networks have been finding applications across many areas of science and technology, their use in decoding ultrafast dynamics of quantum systems driven by strong laser fields has been limited so far. Here we use standard deep neural networks to analyze simulated noisy spectra of highly nonlinear optical response of a 2-dimensional gapped graphene crystal to intense few-cycle laser pulses. We show that a computationally simple 1-dimensional system provides a useful "nursery school" for our neural network, allowing it to be retrained to treat more complex 2D systems, recovering the parametrized band structure and spectral phases of the incident few-cycle pulse with high accuracy, in spite of significant amplitude noise and phase jitter. Our results offer a route for attosecond high harmonic spectroscopy of quantum dynamics in solids with a simultaneous, all-optical, solid-state based complete characterization of few-cycle pulses, including their nonlinear spectral phase and the carrier envelope phase.
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11
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Ji X, Dai J, Zhang J, Jiao H, Jupé M, Ristau D, Cheng X, Wang Z. Group delay dispersion monitoring for computational manufacturing of dispersive mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8177-8189. [PMID: 36859934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a computational manufacturing program for monitoring group delay dispersion (GDD). Two kinds of dispersive mirrors computational manufactured by GDD, broadband, and time monitoring simulator are compared. The results revealed the particular advantages of GDD monitoring in dispersive mirror deposition simulations. The self-compensation effect of GDD monitoring is discussed. GDD monitoring can improve the precision of layer termination techniques, it may become a possible approach to manufacture other optical coatings.
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12
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Moitra T, Konecny L, Kadek M, Rubio A, Repisky M. Accurate Relativistic Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Valence and Core Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1714-1724. [PMID: 36757216 PMCID: PMC9940299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
First principles theoretical modeling of out-of-equilibrium processes observed in attosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) triggering pure electron dynamics remains a challenging task, especially for heavy elements and/or core excitations containing fingerprints of scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects. To address this, we formulate a methodology for simulating TAS within the relativistic real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) framework, for both the valence and core energy regimes. Especially for TAS, full four-component (4c) RT simulations are feasible but computationally demanding. Therefore, in addition to the 4c approach, we also introduce the atomic mean-field exact two-component (amfX2C) Hamiltonian accounting for one- and two-electron picture-change corrections within RT-TDDFT. amfX2C preserves the accuracy of the parent 4c method at a fraction of its computational cost. Finally, we apply the methodology to study valence and near-L2,3-edge TAS processes of experimentally relevant systems and provide additional physical insights using relativistic nonequilibrium response theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Algorithmiq
Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Hui D, Alqattan H, Zhang S, Pervak V, Chowdhury E, Hassan MT. Ultrafast optical switching and data encoding on synthesized light fields. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1015. [PMID: 36812316 PMCID: PMC9946343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern electronics are founded on switching the electrical signal by radio frequency electromagnetic fields on the nanosecond time scale, limiting the information processing to the gigahertz speed. Recently, optical switches have been demonstrated using terahertz and ultrafast laser pulses to control the electrical signal and enhance the switching speed to the picosecond and a few hundred femtoseconds time scale. Here, we exploit the reflectivity modulation of the fused silica dielectric system in a strong light field to demonstrate the optical switching (ON/OFF) with attosecond time resolution. Moreover, we present the capability of controlling the optical switching signal with complex synthesized fields of ultrashort laser pulses for data binary encoding. This work paves the way for establishing optical switches and light-based electronics with petahertz speeds, several orders of magnitude faster than the current semiconductor-based electronics, opening a new realm in information technology, optical communications, and photonic processor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hui
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Husain Alqattan
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vladimir Pervak
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Enam Chowdhury
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Goncharov S, Fritsch K, Pronin O. Few-cycle pulse compression and white light generation in cascaded multipass cells. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:147-150. [PMID: 36563390 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report supercontinuum generation and pulse compression in two stacked multipass cells based on dielectric mirrors. The 230 fs pulses at 1 MHz containing 12 µJ are compressed by a factor of 33 down to 7 fs, corresponding to 1.0 GW peak power and overall transmission of 84%. The source is particularly interesting for such applications as time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), photoemission electron microscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy.
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15
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Kim HY, Garg M, Mandal S, Seiffert L, Fennel T, Goulielmakis E. Attosecond field emission. Nature 2023; 613:662-666. [PMID: 36697865 PMCID: PMC9876796 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Field emission of electrons underlies great advances in science and technology, ranging from signal processing at ever higher frequencies1 to imaging of the atomic-scale structure of matter2 with picometre resolution. The advancing of electron microscopy techniques to enable the complete visualization of matter on the native spatial (picometre) and temporal (attosecond) scales of electron dynamics calls for techniques that can confine and examine the field emission on sub-femtosecond time intervals. Intense laser pulses have paved the way to this end3,4 by demonstrating femtosecond confinement5,6 and sub-optical cycle control7,8 of the optical field emission9 from nanostructured metals. Yet the measurement of attosecond electron pulses has remained elusive. We used intense, sub-cycle light transients to induce optical field emission of electron pulses from tungsten nanotips and a weak replica of the same transient to directly investigate the emission dynamics in real time. Access to the temporal properties of the electron pulses rescattering off the tip surface, including the duration τ = (53 as ± 5 as) and chirp, and the direct exploration of nanoscale near fields open new prospects for research and applications at the interface of attosecond physics and nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Y. Kim
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Garg
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Mandal
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - L. Seiffert
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - T. Fennel
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - E. Goulielmakis
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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16
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Pi Z, Kim HY, Goulielmakis E. Petahertz-scale spectral broadening and few-cycle compression of Yb:KGW laser pulses in a pressurized, gas-filled hollow-core fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5865-5868. [PMID: 37219122 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient generation of coherent super-octave pulses via a single-stage spectral broadening of a Yb:KGW laser in a single, pressurized, Ne-filled, hollow-core fiber capillary. Emerging pulses spectrally spanning over more than 1 PHz (250-1600 nm) at a dynamic range of ∼60 dB, and an excellent beam quality open the door to combining Yb:KGW lasers with modern light-field synthesis techniques. Compression of a fraction of the generated supercontinuum to intense (8 fs, ∼2.4 cycle, ∼650 µJ) pulses allows convenient use of these novel laser sources in strong-field physics and attosecond science.
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17
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Drouillard NG, Hammond TJ. Measurement of dispersion and index of refraction of 1-decanol with spectrally resolved white light interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39407-39416. [PMID: 36298894 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high density, high nonlinearity, and stability of liquids make them an attractive medium for spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in ultrafast experiments. To understand ultrashort pulse propagation in these media, their indices of refraction and dispersions must be characterized. We employ a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to generate a series of interferograms, which we refer to as a spectrogram, to develop a new method of using spectrally resolved white light interferometry to determine the refractive indices of materials. We determine the indices of refraction of BK7, sapphire, ethanol, and 1-decanol at 24°C across the visible and near infrared. To our knowledge, this is the first reported dispersion and index of refraction measurement of 1-decanol.
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Chen Y, Li W, Wang Z, Hahner D, Kling MF, Pervak V. Complementary dispersive mirror pair produced in one coating run based on desired non-uniformity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32074-32083. [PMID: 36242276 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel one-coating-run method for producing an octave-spanning complementary dispersive mirror (DM) pair. The anti-phase group delay dispersion (GDD) oscillations are realized by two mirrors of the DM pair due to the certain thickness difference. Both mirrors are deposited within a single coating run enabled by the non-uniformity of the ion beam sputtering coating plant, which is obtained by tuning the distance between the source target and coating substrates. Since the DM pair is produced in a single deposition run, the GDD performance is more robust against deposition errors than that of the conventional complementary DM pair, in which two separated coating runs are necessary. Moreover, the new DM pair is compatible for both laser polarizations under the same angle of incidence, which could effectively reduce the difficulties of alignment for their implementation in laser systems than the double angle DM pair. The new DM pair is successfully applied to compress pulses from a Ti: Sapphire laser system down to 4.26 fs in pulse duration.
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19
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Silva REF, Ivanov M, Jiménez-Galán Á. All-optical valley switch and clock of electronic dephasing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30347-30355. [PMID: 36242140 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D materials with broken inversion symmetry posses an extra degree of freedom, the valley pseudospin, that labels in which of the two energy-degenerate crystal momenta, K or K', the conducting carriers are located. It has been shown that shining circularly-polarized light allows to achieve close to 100% of valley polarization, opening the way to valley-based transistors. Yet, switching of the valley polarization is still a key challenge for the practical implementation of such devices due to the short valley lifetimes. Recent progress in ultrashort laser technology now allows to produce trains of attosecond pulses with controlled phase and polarization between the pulses. Taking advantage of such technology, we introduce a coherent control protocol to turn on, off and switch the valley polarization at faster timescales than electron-hole decoherence and valley depolarization, that is, an ultrafast optical valley switch. We theoretically demonstrate the protocol for hBN and MoS2 monolayers calculated from first principles. Additionally, using two time-delayed linearly-polarized pulses with perpendicular polarization, we show that we can extract the electronic dephasing time T2 from the valley Hall conductivity.
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Guan Z, Wang B, Wang GL, Zhou XX, Jin C. Analysis of low-frequency THz emission from monolayer graphene irradiated by a long two-color laser pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26912-26930. [PMID: 36236874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiations from graphene are expected to provide a powerful light source for their wide applications. However, their conversion efficiencies are limited with either long-duration or few-cycle single-color laser pulses. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that THz waves can be efficiently generated from monolayer graphene by using a long-duration two-color laser pulse at normal incidence. Our simulated results show that low-frequency THz emissions are sensitive to the phase difference between two colors, the laser intensity, and the fundamental wavelength. Their dependence on these parameters can be very well reproduced by asymmetry parameters accounting for electron populations of conduction and valence bands. On the contrary, a newly defined σ parameter including the Landau-Zener tunneling probability cannot precisely predict such dependence. Furthermore, the waveform of THz electric field driven by two-color laser pulses exhibits the typical feature of a half-cycle pulse.
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21
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Ultraviolet supercontinuum generation driven by ionic coherence in a strong laser field. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4080. [PMID: 35835767 PMCID: PMC9283425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercontinuum (SC) light sources hold versatile applications in many fields ranging from imaging microscopic structural dynamics to achieving frequency comb metrology. Although such broadband light sources are readily accessible in the visible and near infrared regime, the ultraviolet (UV) extension of SC spectrum is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the joint contribution of strong field ionization and quantum resonance leads to the unexpected UV continuum radiation spanning the 100 nm bandwidth in molecular nitrogen ions. Quantum coherences in a bunch of ionic levels are found to be created by dynamic Stark-assisted multiphoton resonances following tunneling ionization. We show that the dynamical evolution of the coherence-enhanced polarization wave gives rise to laser-assisted continuum emission inside the laser field and free-induction decay after the laser field, which jointly contribute to the SC generation together with fifth harmonics. As proof of principle, we also show the application of the SC radiation in the absorption spectroscopy. This work offers an alternative scheme for constructing exotic SC sources, and opens up the territory of ionic quantum optics in the strong-field regime. Supercontinuum generation can be utilized for light source development. Here the authors demonstrate ultraviolet supercontinuum generation from ions due to strong field ionization and multiphoton resonance effect.
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22
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Utrio Lanfaloni V, Pertot Y, Luu TT, Wörner HJ. Energy scaling of carrier-envelope-phase-stable sub-two-cycle pulses at 1.76 µm from hollow-core-fiber compression to 1.9 mJ. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22376-22387. [PMID: 36224936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the energy scaling of a sub-two-cycle (10.4 fs) carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source centered at 1.76 µm to 1.9 mJ pulse energy. The light source is based on an optimized spectral-broadening scheme in a hollow-core fiber and a consecutive pulse compression with bulk material. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy reported to date from this type of sources. We demonstrate the application of this improved source to the generation of bright water-window soft-X-ray high harmonics. Combined with the short pulse duration, this source paves the way to the attosecond time-resolved water-window spectroscopy of complex molecules in aqueous solutions.
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23
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Saalmann U, Rost JM. Local excitation and valley polarization in graphene with multi-harmonic pulses. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:368-380. [PMID: 35708119 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We elucidate the mechanism of strong laser pulse excitation in pristine graphene with multi-harmonic pulses, linearly polarized parallel to the line connecting the two different Dirac points in the Brillouin zone and with a maximal vector potential given by the distance of those points. The latter two conditions have emerged from our previous work [Kelardeh et al., Phys. Rev. Res., 2022, 4, L022014] as favorable for large valley polarization. We introduce a novel compacted representation for excitation, locally resolved in the initial conditions for the crystal momenta. These maps are our main tool to gain insight into the excitation dynamics. They also help with understanding the effect of dephasing. We work out why a long wavelength and a moderate number of overtones in the harmonic pulse generate the largest valley polarizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Saalmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan Michael Rost
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Thinfilm Hybrid Nanostructures: A Perspective to Subcycle Opto-Electronics and Coherent Control. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this article we present a theoretical investigation of gold-silica-silver nanostructures and their optical properties with respect to ultrafast electronic applications and coherent control by tailored optical fields. We found a remarkable sensitive behavior to the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of the driving laser pulses in the coupling of surface and bulk plasmons leading to a superposition of distinct modes with a time-dependent amplitude structure. Furthermore, we show a rather complex temporal evolution of plasmonic surface modes. Our results suggest the potential for coherent control of the time-dependent resonant coupling between surface and volume modes by tailored laser pulses and foster the field of time-dependent spectroscopy of thinfilm hybrid nanostructures with single layer thickness down to the two-dimensional limit.
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25
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Dolso GL, Moio B, Inzani G, Di Palo N, Sato SA, Borrego-Varillas R, Nisoli M, Lucchini M. Reconstruction of ultrafast exciton dynamics with a phase-retrieval algorithm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12248-12267. [PMID: 35472864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The first step to gain optical control over the ultrafast processes initiated by light in solids is a correct identification of the physical mechanisms at play. Among them, exciton formation has been identified as a crucial phenomenon which deeply affects the electro-optical properties of most semiconductors and insulators of technological interest. While recent experiments based on attosecond spectroscopy techniques have demonstrated the possibility to observe the early-stage exciton dynamics, the description of the underlying exciton properties remains non-trivial. In this work we propose a new method called extended Ptychographic Iterative engine for eXcitons (ePIX), capable of reconstructing the main physical properties which determine the evolution of the quasi-particle with no prior knowledge of the exact relaxation dynamics or the pump temporal characteristics. By demonstrating its accuracy even when the exciton dynamics is comparable to the pump pulse duration, ePIX is established as a powerful approach to widen our knowledge of solid-state physics.
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26
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Photoionization of Electrons in Degenerate Energy Level of Hydrogen Atom Induced by Strong Laser Pulses. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoionization dynamics of bounded electrons in the ground state, the first and second excited states of a hydrogen atom, triggered by ultrashort near-infrared laser pulses, have been investigated in a transition regime (γ∼1) that offers both multiphoton and tunneling features. Significant differences in spectral characteristics are found between the three low-energy states. The H(2s) ionization probability is larger than the H(2p) value with a special oscillating structure, but both are much greater than the ground state H(1s) in a wide range of laser intensities. By comparing the momentum spectrum and angular distributions of low-energy photoelectrons released from these degenerate states, we find the H(2p) state shows a stronger long-range Coulomb attraction force than the H(2s) state on account of the difference in the initial electron wave packet. Furthermore, analysis of the photoelectron momentum distributions sheds light on both the first and second excited states with a symmetrical intercycle interference structure in a multicycle field but an intracycle interference of an asymmetric left-handed or right-handed rotating spectrum in a few-cycle field. By analyzing photoelectron spectroscopy, we identify the parity characteristics of photoelectrons in different energy intervals and their corresponding above-threshold single-photon ionization (ATSI) or above-threshold double-photon ionization (ATDI) processes. We finally present the momentum distributions of the electrons ionized by laser pulses with different profiles and find the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) is a strong factor in deciding the rotating structure of the emission spectrum, which provides a new method to distinguish the CEP of few-cycle pulses.
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27
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Ridente E, Mamaikin M, Altwaijry N, Zimin D, Kling MF, Pervak V, Weidman M, Krausz F, Karpowicz N. Electro-optic characterization of synthesized infrared-visible light fields. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1111. [PMID: 35236857 PMCID: PMC8891359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field characterization approach, in terms of both sensitivity and dynamic range, but it has not reached beyond infrared frequencies. Here, we show the synthesis of a sub-cycle infrared-visible pulse and subsequent complete electric field characterization using EOS. The sampled bandwidth spans from 700 nm to 2700 nm (428 to 110 THz). Tailored electric-field waveforms are generated with a two-channel field synthesizer in the infrared-visible range, with a full-width at half-maximum duration as short as 3.8 fs at a central wavelength of 1.7 µm (176 THz). EOS detection of the complete bandwidth of these waveforms extends it into the visible spectral range. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we use the sub-cycle transients to inject carriers in a thin quartz sample for nonlinear photoconductive field sampling with sub-femtosecond resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ridente
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail Mamaikin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Najd Altwaijry
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dmitry Zimin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Vladimir Pervak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Ultrafast Innovations GmbH, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthew Weidman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ferenc Krausz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Nicholas Karpowicz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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28
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Kobayashi Y, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Theoretical analysis of the role of complex transition dipole phase in XUV transient-absorption probing of charge migration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5673-5682. [PMID: 35209524 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the role of complex dipole phase in the attosecond probing of charge migration. The iodobromoacetylene ion (ICCBr+) is considered as an example, in which one can probe charge migration by accessing both the iodine and bromine ends of the molecule with different spectral windows of an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. The analytical expression for transient absorption shows that the site-specific information of charge migration is encoded in the complex phase of cross dipole products for XUV transitions between the I-4d and Br-3d spectral windows. Ab-initio quantum chemistry calculations on ICCBr+ reveal that there is a constant π phase difference between the I-4d and Br-3d transient-absorption spectral windows, irrespective of the fine-structure energy splittings. Transient absorption spectra are simulated with a multistate model including the complex dipole phase, and the results correctly reconstruct the charge-migration dynamics via the quantum beats in the two element spectral windows, exhibiting out-of-phase oscillations.
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29
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Alqattan H, Hui D, Sennary MYS, Hassan M. Attosecond electronic delay response in dielectric materials. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:317-326. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advancement in the attosecond field and the generation of XUV attosecond pulses enabled the study of electron dynamics in solid-state by XUV and high harmonic generation spectroscopy1-4. Here, we...
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30
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Yang Y, Mainz RE, Rossi GM, Scheiba F, Silva-Toledo MA, Keathley PD, Cirmi G, Kärtner FX. Strong-field coherent control of isolated attosecond pulse generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6641. [PMID: 34789715 PMCID: PMC8599423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: improved spectral tunability (allowing selectivity in addressing electronic transitions) and higher photon flux (permitting to measure low cross-section processes). New developments come through parametric waveform synthesis, which provides control over the shape of field transients, enabling the creation of highly-tunable isolated attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that the first goal is fulfilled since central energy, spectral bandwidth/shape and temporal duration of isolated attosecond pulses can be controlled by shaping the laser waveform via two key parameters: the relative-phase between two halves of the multi-octave spanning spectrum, and the overall carrier-envelope phase. These results not only promise to expand the experimental possibilities in attosecond science, but also demonstrate coherent strong-field control of free-electron trajectories using tailored optical waveforms. Attosecond pulse generation needs improvements both in terms of tunability and photon flux for next level attosecond experiments. Here the authors show how to control the HHG emission and its spectral-temporal characteristics by driving the IAP generation with synthesized sub-cycle optical pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland E Mainz
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Maria Rossi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Scheiba
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Silva-Toledo
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillip D Keathley
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Cirmi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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31
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Leblanc A, Longa A, Kumar M, Laramée A, Dansereau C, Ibrahim H, Lassonde P, Légaré F. Temporal characterization of two-octave infrared pulses by frequency resolved optical switching. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We present the temporal characterization of infrared pulses with spectra extending from 0.55 to 2.5 μm by using the frequency resolved optical switching (FROSt) technique. The pulses are obtained by broadening femtosecond pulses at 1.75 μm central wavelength in a two-stage hollow core fiber setup. This work demonstrates the capability of the FROSt technique to temporally characterize pulses with ultra-broadband spectra. Being free of phase-matching constraints, it enables the characterization of pulses with very low energy at the limit of the detection threshold and with arbitrary long pulse duration. This strength of the FROSt technique is illustrated by the characterization of supercontinua pulses whose spectra span over two octaves and with only 150 nJ energy that is spread temporally over almost 40 ps. The FROSt capabilities provide a versatile tool for the characterization of sub-cycle pulses and to study nonlinear processes such as supercontinuum generation.
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32
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Liu H, Xu C, Liu H, Yuan Q, Jing X, Li Y, Feng L. Optimal improvement of harmonic spectra driven by the fixed intensity chirped combined pulses. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The interaction of electrons with strong laser fields is usually treated with semiclassical theory, where the laser is represented by an external field. There are analytic solutions for the free electron wave functions, which incorporate the interaction with the laser field exactly, but the joint effect of the atomic binding potential presents an obstacle for the analysis. Moreover, the radiation is a dynamical system, the number of photons changes during the interactions. Thus, it is legitimate to ask how can one treat the high order processes nonperturbatively, in such a way that the electron-atom interaction and the quantized nature of radiation be simultaneously taken into account? An analytic method is proposed to answer this question in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. As an application, a quantum optical generalization of the strong-field Kramers-Heisenberg formula is derived for describing high-harmonic generation. Our formalism is suitable to analyse, among various quantal effects, the possible role of arbitrary photon statistics of the incoming field. The present paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Fritz Ehlotzky, who had significantly contributed to the theory of strong-field phenomena over many decades.
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34
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Davis B, Saule T, Trallero-Herrero CA. Asymmetric high energy dual optical parametric amplifier for parametric processes and waveform synthesis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:7379-7388. [PMID: 33726239 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on an asymmetric high energy dual optical parametric amplifier (OPA) which is capable of having either the idlers, signals, or depleted pumps, relatively phase locked at commensurate or incommensurate wavelengths. Idlers and signals can be locked on the order of 200 mrad rms or better, corresponding to a 212 as jitter at λ=2 µm. The high energy arm of the OPA outputs a combined 3.5 mJ of signal and idler, while the low energy arm outputs 1.5 mJ, with the entire system being pumped with a 1 kHz, 18 mJ Ti:Sapphire laser. Both arms are independently tunable from 1080 nm-2600 nm. The combination of relative phase locking, high output power and peak intensity, and large tunability makes our OPA an ideal tool for use in difference frequency generation (DFG) in the strong pump regime, and for high peak field waveform synthesis in the near-infrared. To demonstrate this ability we generate terahertz radiation through two color waveform synthesis in air plasma and show the influence of the relative phase on the generated terahertz intensity. The ability to phase lock multiple incommensurate wavelengths at high energies opens the door to a multitude of possibilities of strong pump DFG and waveform synthesis.
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35
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Koehler JR, Köttig F, Schade D, Russell PSJ, Tani F. Post-recombination effects in confined gases photoionized at megahertz repetition rates. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4842-4857. [PMID: 33726031 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recombination-driven acoustic pulses and heating in a photoionized gas transiently alter its refractive index. Slow thermal dissipation can cause substantial heat accumulation and impair the performance and stability of gas-based laser systems operating at strong-field intensities and megahertz repetition rates. Here we study this effect by probing the pulse-by-pulse buildup of refractive index changes in gases spatially confined inside a capillary. A high-power repetition-rate-tunable femtosecond laser photoionizes the gas at its free-space focus, while a transverse-propagating probe laser interferometrically monitors the resulting time-dependent changes in refractive index. The system allows convenient exploration of the nonlinear regimes used to temporally compress pulses with durations in the ∼30 to ∼300 fs range. We observe thermal gas-density depressions, milliseconds in duration, that saturate to a level that depends on the peak intensity and repetition rate of the pulses, in good agreement with numerical modelling. The dynamics are independently confirmed by measuring the mean speed-of-sound across the capillary core, allowing us to infer that the temperature in the gas can exceed 1000 K. Finally, we explore several strategies for mitigating these effects and improving the stability of gas-based high-power laser systems at high repetition rates.
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36
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Seidu I, Neville SP, van der Veen J, Lanfaloni VU, Schuurman MS, Wörner HJ. Sub-7-femtosecond conical-intersection dynamics probed at the carbon K-edge. Science 2021; 371:489-494. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Issaka Seidu
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Michael S. Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Simulating an ultra-broadband concept for Exawatt-class lasers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 33420259 PMCID: PMC7794522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the optical-cycle-level ultra-fast laser technologies may break through the bottleneck of the traditional ultra-intense laser [i.e., Petawatt (PW, 1015 W) laser currently] and enable the generation of even higher peak-power/intensity lasers. Herein, we simulate an ultra-broadband concept for the realization of an Exawatt-class (EW, 1018 W) high peak-power laser, where the wide-angle non-collinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (WNOPCPA) is combined with the thin-plate post-compression. A frequency-chirped carrier-envelope-phase stable super-continuum laser is amplified to high-energy in WNOPCPA by pumping with two pump-beamlets and injected into the thin-plate post-compression to generate a sub-optical-cycle high-energy laser pulse. The numerical simulation shows this hybrid concept significantly enhances the gain bandwidth in the high-energy amplifier and the spectral broadening in the post-compression. By using this concept, a study of a prototype design of a 0.5 EW system is presented, and several key challenges are also examined.
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38
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Liu H, Jing X, Feng L. Inhomogeneous waveform optimization to generate high order harmonic spectra. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Dolso GL, Moio B, Inzani G, Di Palo N, Borrego-Varillas R, Nisoli M, Lucchini M. Ultrafast exciton dynamics reconstruction with a ptychographic approach. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125513005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitons characterize the ultrafast response of many materials of technological interest. While the development of attosecond science has unlocked the possibility of performing experiments with a suitable timeresolution, the access to the exciton properties remains a non-trivial step. We propose therefore a novel approach to disclose the physical properties behind the ultrafast exciton dynamics based on a phase-retrieval method.
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40
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Robustness and capabilities of ultrashort laser pulses characterization with amplitude swing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18364. [PMID: 33110159 PMCID: PMC7591537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we firstly study the influence of different parameters in the temporal characterization of ultrashort laser pulses with the recently developed amplitude swing technique. In this technique, the relative amplitude of two delayed replicas is varied while measuring their second-harmonic spectra. Here we study the retrieval of noisy traces and the implications of having different delays or phase retardations (relative phases) between the two replicas. Then, we study the capability of the technique to characterize the pulses when the second-harmonic signal is spectrally uncalibrated or incomplete, presenting the analytical calculation of the marginal, which is used to calibrate the traces and to perform the pulse retrievals. We experimentally show the retrieval of different pulses using diverse delays and phase retardations to perform the amplitude swing trace and demonstrate that, from an uncalibrated trace, both the pulse information and the response of the nonlinear process can be simultaneously retrieved. In sum, the amplitude swing technique is shown to be very robust against experimental constraints and limitations, showing a high degree of soundness.
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41
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Hofstrand A, Moloney JV. Subcycle spatiotemporal compression of infrared pulses in χ(2) semiconductors. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6006-6009. [PMID: 33137055 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a full-field propagator model, we report on the emergence of highly localized, subcycle solitonic structures for few-cycle long-wave-infrared (LWIR) pulses propagating through optical semiconductor materials with efficient quadratic nonlinearities and broad anomalous transmission windows. We briefly discuss the theoretical basis for the observed spatiotemporal carrier-wave dynamics and compare it to simulations of a weakly perturbed pulse's propagation through two currently grown, low-loss IR semiconductor crystals.
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42
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Beetar JE, Nrisimhamurty M, Truong TC, Nagar GC, Liu Y, Nesper J, Suarez O, Rivas F, Wu Y, Shim B, Chini M. Multioctave supercontinuum generation and frequency conversion based on rotational nonlinearity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5375. [PMID: 32937367 PMCID: PMC7442354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The field of attosecond science was first enabled by nonlinear compression of intense laser pulses to a duration below two optical cycles. Twenty years later, creating such short pulses still requires state-of-the-art few-cycle laser amplifiers to most efficiently exploit "instantaneous" optical nonlinearities in noble gases for spectral broadening and parametric frequency conversion. Here, we show that nonlinear compression can be much more efficient when driven in molecular gases by pulses substantially longer than a few cycles because of enhanced optical nonlinearity associated with rotational alignment. We use 80-cycle pulses from an industrial-grade laser amplifier to simultaneously drive molecular alignment and supercontinuum generation in a gas-filled capillary, producing more than two octaves of coherent bandwidth and achieving >45-fold compression to a duration of 1.6 cycles. As the enhanced nonlinearity is linked to rotational motion, the dynamics can be exploited for long-wavelength frequency conversion and compressing picosecond lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Beetar
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - M Nrisimhamurty
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Tran-Chau Truong
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Garima C Nagar
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton NY 13902, USA
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Jonathan Nesper
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Omar Suarez
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Federico Rivas
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
- CREOL, the College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
| | - Bonggu Shim
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton NY 13902, USA
| | - Michael Chini
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA.
- CREOL, the College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA
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43
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Optical parametric amplification of sub-cycle shortwave infrared pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3413. [PMID: 32641703 PMCID: PMC7343886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Few–cycle short–wave infrared (SWIR) pulses are useful tools for research on strong–field physics and nonlinear optics. Here we demonstrate the amplification of sub–cycle pulses in the SWIR region by using a cascaded BBO–based optical parametric amplifier (OPA) chain. By virtue of the tailored wavelength of the pump pulse of 708 nm, we successfully obtained a gain bandwidth of more than one octave for a BBO crystal. The division and synthesis of the spectral components of the pulse in a Mach–Zehnder–type interferometer set in front of the final amplifier enabled us to control the dispersion of each spectral component using an acousto–optic programmable dispersive filter inserted in each arm of the interferometer. As a result, we successfully generated 0.73–optical–cycle pulses at 1.8 μm with a pulse energy of 32 μJ. Short-wavelength infrared pulses are important for applications in strong field physics and nonlinear optics. Here the authors show multi-stage optical parametric amplification of sub-cycle SWIR pulses with carrier-envelope phase stability.
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44
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Leblanc A, Lassonde P, Dalla-Barba G, Cormier E, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Characterizing the carrier-envelope phase stability of mid-infrared laser pulses by high harmonic generation in solids. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17161-17170. [PMID: 32679929 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for measuring the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stability of a laser source by employing the process of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids. HHG in solids driven by few-cycle pulses is very sensitive to the waveform of the driving pulse, therefore enabling to track the shot-to-shot CEP fluctuations of a laser source. This strategy is particularly practical for pulses at long central wavelength up to the mid-infrared spectral range where usual techniques used in the visible or near-infrared regions are challenging to transpose. We experimentally demonstrate this novel tool by measuring the CEP fluctuations of a mid-infrared laser source centered at 9.5~μm.
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45
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Alonso B, Holgado W, Sola ÍJ. Compact in-line temporal measurement of laser pulses with amplitude swing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15625-15640. [PMID: 32403586 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method of ultrashort laser pulse reconstruction is presented, consisting on the analysis of the nonlinear signal obtained from the interference of the pulse with a replica of itself at a given time delay while varying the relative amplitude between the pulses. The resulting spectral traces are analyzed both analytically and numerically, showing the encoding of the input pulse spectral phase. A reconstruction algorithm is discussed and applied to extract the spectral phase and, jointly to the measured spectral amplitude, reconstructing the pulse. In order to validate the technique, an experimental in-line implementation of the characterization concept is compared to the results from a stablished technique, obtaining a good agreement at different input pulse cases. In sum, a new technique is presented, showing the capability to reconstruct a broad range of temporal pulse durations while its implementation is robust and straightforward, able to be easily adapted to diverse pulse duration and central wavelength ranges.
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46
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Xue B, Tamaru Y, Fu Y, Yuan H, Lan P, Mücke OD, Suda A, Midorikawa K, Takahashi EJ. Fully stabilized multi-TW optical waveform synthesizer: Toward gigawatt isolated attosecond pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2802. [PMID: 32494595 PMCID: PMC7164932 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A stable 50-mJ three-channel optical waveform synthesizer is demonstrated and used to reproducibly generate a high-order harmonic supercontinuum in the soft x-ray region. This synthesizer is composed of pump pulses from a 10-Hz repetition-rate Ti:sapphire pump laser and signal and idler pulses from an infrared two-stage optical parametric amplifier driven by this pump laser. With full active stabilization of all relative time delays, relative phases, and the carrier-envelope phase, a shot-to-shot stable intense continuum harmonic spectrum is obtained around 60 eV with pulse energy above 0.24 μJ. The peak power of the soft x-ray continuum is evaluated to be beyond 1 GW with a 170-as transform limit duration. We found a characteristic delay dependence of the multicycle waveform synthesizer and established its control scheme. Compared with the one-color case, we experimentally observe an enhancement of the cutoff spectrum intensity by one to two orders of magnitude using three-color waveform synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Yuuki Tamaru
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuxi Fu
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Hua Yuan
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Oliver D. Mücke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Eiji J. Takahashi
- Attosecond Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
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47
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Nakano Y, Imasaka T, Imasaka T. Generation of a Nearly Monocycle Optical Pulse in the Near-Infrared Region and Its Use as an Ionization Source in Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7130-7138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imasaka
- Department of Environmental Design, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
| | - Totaro Imasaka
- Division of International Strategy, Center of Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Hikari Giken, Co., 2-10-30, Sakurazaka, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka 810-0024, Japan
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48
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Merkl P, Knorr M, Meineke C, Kastner L, Peller D, Huber R. Multibranch pulse synthesis and electro-optic detection of subcycle multi-terahertz electric fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5521-5524. [PMID: 31730097 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust, compact pulse synthesis scheme generating intense phase-locked subcycle multi-terahertz waveforms. The ultrabroadband laser fundamental is split into two parallel branches driving optical rectification in crystals of GaSe and LiGaS2, each operated at the group velocity matching point. The coherent combination of the resulting pulses yields a continuous multi-terahertz spectrum covering 1.5 optical octaves. The corresponding 0.8-cycle electric field waveform is directly mapped out by electro-optic sampling, revealing peak fields of 15 kV/cm at a repetition rate of 0.4 MHz. The multiplexable and power scalable scheme opens the door to strong-field custom-tailored waveforms driving nonlinear optics and light wave electronics.
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49
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Temporal characterization of femtosecond laser pulses using tunneling ionization in the UV, visible, and mid-IR ranges. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16067. [PMID: 31690731 PMCID: PMC6831698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To generalize the applicability of the temporal characterization technique called "tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field" (TIPTOE), the technique is examined in the multicycle regime over a broad wavelength range, from the UV to the IR range. The technique is rigorously analyzed first by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Then, experimental verification is demonstrated over an almost 5-octave wavelength range at 266, 1800, 4000 and 8000 nm by utilizing the same nonlinear medium - air. The experimentally obtained dispersion values of the materials used for the dispersion control show very good agreement with the ones calculated using the material dispersion data and the pulse duration results obtained for 1800 and 4000 nm agree well with the frequency-resolved optical gating measurements. The universality of TIPTOE arises from its phase-matching-free nature and its unprecedented broadband operation range.
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50
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Yoshioka K, Igarashi I, Yoshida S, Arashida Y, Katayama I, Takeda J, Shigekawa H. Subcycle mid-infrared coherent transients at 4 MHz repetition rate applicable to light-wave-driven scanning tunneling microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5350-5353. [PMID: 31675005 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We produce subcycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses at a 4 MHz repetition rate via the optical rectification (OR) of sub-10 fs near-infrared pulses delivered by an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier. The coherent MIR pulses generated in a GaSe crystal under an ultrabroadband phase-matching condition contain only 0.58-0.85 oscillation cycles within the full width at half-maximum of the intensity envelope. The use of OR enables excellent phase stability of 56 mrad over 5.6 h, which is confirmed by field-resolved detection using electro-optic sampling. An electromagnetic simulation using a finite integration technique reveals that the peak field strength can easily exceed 10 V/nm owing to the field enhancement resulting from focusing MIR pulses onto a tunnel junction.
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