1
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Yang Y, Yao J, Xiao Y, Fong PT, Lau HK, Hu CM. Anomalous Long-Distance Coherence in Critically Driven Cavity Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206902. [PMID: 38829101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing quantum networks necessitates coherently connecting distant systems via remote strong coupling. Here, we demonstrate long-distance coherence in cavity magnonics operating in the linear regime. By locally setting the cavity near critical coupling with traveling photons, nonlocal magnon-photon coherence is established via strong coupling over a 2-m distance. We observe two anomalies in this long-distance coherence: first, the coupling strength oscillates twice the period of conventional photon-mediated couplings; second, clear mode splitting is observed within the cavity linewidth. Both effects cannot be explained by conventional coupled-mode theory, which reveals the tip of an iceberg of photon-mediated coupling in systems under critical driving. Our Letter shows the potential of using critical phenomena for harnessing long-distance coherence in distributed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jiguang Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Pak-Tik Fong
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
- Quantum Algorithms Institute, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 5X3, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Ma Y, Wang N, Liu Q, Tian Y, Tian Z, Gu Y. Entangled dark state mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235002. [PMID: 38417160 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Two emitters can be entangled by manipulating them through optical fields within a photonic cavity. However, maintaining entanglement for a long time is challenging due to the decoherence of the entangled qubits, primarily caused by cavity loss and atomic decay. Here, we found the entangled dark state between two emitters mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, ensuring entanglement maintenance over an extended period. To obtain the entangled dark state, we derived an effective model with degenerate mode modulation. In the dielectric cavities within ENZ materials, the decay rate of emitters can be regarded as 0, which is the key to achieving the entangled dark state. Meanwhile, the dark state immune to cavity loss exists when two emitters are in symmetric positions in the dielectric cavity. Additionally, by adjusting the emitters to specific asymmetric positions, it is possible to achieve transient entanglement with higher concurrence. By overcoming the decoherence of the entangled qubits, this study demonstrates stable, long-term entanglement with ENZ materials, holding significant importance for applications such as nanodevice design for quantum communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hutson RB, Milner WR, Yan L, Ye J, Sanner C. Observation of millihertz-level cooperative Lamb shifts in an optical atomic clock. Science 2024; 383:384-387. [PMID: 38271496 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Collective couplings of atomic dipoles to a shared electromagnetic environment produce a wide range of many-body phenomena. We report on the direct observation of resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions in a cubic array of atoms in the many-excitation limit. The interactions produce spatially dependent cooperative Lamb shifts when spectroscopically interrogating the millihertz-wide optical clock transition in strontium-87. We show that the ensemble-averaged shifts can be suppressed below the level of evaluated systematic uncertainties for optical atomic clocks. Additionally, we demonstrate that excitation of the atomic dipoles near a Bragg angle can enhance these effects by nearly an order of magnitude compared with nonresonant geometries. Our work demonstrates a platform for precise studies of the quantum many-body physics of spins with long-range interactions mediated by propagating photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross B Hutson
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William R Milner
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lingfeng Yan
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christian Sanner
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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4
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Zhou JY, Zhao SL, Yang Y, Xiao S, He D, Nie W, Hu Y, Lu J, Kuang LM, Liu YX, Deng MT, Zheng DN, Xiang ZC, Zhou L, Peng ZH. Experimental study of modified Tavis-Cummings model with directly-coupled superconducting artificial atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:179-187. [PMID: 38175047 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Tavis-Cummings model is intensively investigated in quantum optics and has important applications in generation of multi-atom entanglement. Here, we employ a superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamic system to study a modified Tavis-Cummings model with directly-coupled atoms. In our device, three superconducting artificial atoms are arranged in a chain with direct coupling through fixed capacitors and strongly coupled to a transmission line resonator. By performing transmission spectrum measurements, we observe different anticrossing structures when one or two qubits are resonantly coupled to the resonator. In the case of the two-qubit Tavis-Cummings model without qubit-qubit interaction, we observe two dips at the resonance point of the anticrossing. The splitting of these dips is determined by Δ λ=2g12+g32, where g1 and g3 are the coupling strengths between Qubit 1 and the resonator, and Qubit 3 and the resonator, respectively. The direct coupling J12 between the two qubits results in three dressed states in the two-qubit Tavis-Cummings model at the frequency resonance point, leading to three dips in the transmission spectrum. In this case, the distance between the two farthest and asymmetrical dips, arising from the energy level splitting, is larger than in the previous case. The frequency interval between these two dips is determined by the difference in eigenvalues (Δ λ=ε 1+-ε 1-), obtained through numerical calculations. What we believe as novel and intriguing experimental results may potentially advance quantum optics experiments, providing valuable insights for future research.
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5
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Yan Z, Ho J, Lu YH, Masson SJ, Asenjo-Garcia A, Stamper-Kurn DM. Superradiant and Subradiant Cavity Scattering by Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253603. [PMID: 38181363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We realize collective enhancement and suppression of light scattered by an array of tweezer-trapped ^{87}Rb atoms positioned within a strongly coupled Fabry-Pérot optical cavity. We illuminate the array with light directed transverse to the cavity axis, in the low saturation regime, and detect photons scattered into the cavity. For an array with integer-optical-wavelength spacing each atom scatters light into the cavity with nearly identical scattering amplitude, leading to an observed N^{2} scaling of cavity photon number as the atom number increases stepwise from N=1 to N=8. By contrast, for an array with half-integer-wavelength spacing, destructive interference of scattering amplitudes yields a nonmonotonic, subradiant cavity intensity versus N. By analyzing the polarization of light emitted from the cavity, we find that Rayleigh scattering can be collectively enhanced or suppressed with respect to Raman scattering. We observe also that atom-induced shifts and broadenings of the cavity resonance are precisely tuned by varying the atom number and positions. Altogether, tweezer arrays provide exquisite control of atomic cavity QED spanning from the single- to the many-body regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Ho
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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6
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Nie W, Shi T, Liu YX, Nori F. Non-Hermitian Waveguide Cavity QED with Tunable Atomic Mirrors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:103602. [PMID: 37739354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical mirrors determine cavity properties by means of light reflection. Imperfect reflection gives rise to open cavities with photon loss. We study an open cavity made of atom-dimer mirrors with a tunable reflection spectrum. We find that the atomic cavity shows anti-PT symmetry. The anti-PT phase transition controlled by atomic couplings in mirrors indicates the emergence of two degenerate cavity supermodes. Interestingly, a threshold of mirror reflection is identified for realizing strong coherent cavity-atom coupling. This reflection threshold reveals the criterion of atomic mirrors to produce a good cavity. Moreover, cavity quantum electrodynamics with a probe atom shows mirror-tuned properties, including reflection-dependent polaritons formed by the cavity and probe atom. Our Letter presents a non-Hermitian theory of an anti-PT atomic cavity, which may have applications in quantum optics and quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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7
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Rao J, Wang CY, Yao B, Chen ZJ, Zhao KX, Lu W. Meterscale Strong Coupling between Magnons and Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106702. [PMID: 37739385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize a meterscale strong coupling effect between magnons and photons at room temperature, with a coherent coupling of ∼20 m and a dissipative coupling of ∼7.6 m. To this end, we integrate a saturable gain into a microwave cavity and then couple this active cavity to a magnon mode via a long coaxial cable. The gain compensates for the cavity dissipation, but preserves the cavity radiation that mediates the indirect photon-magnon coupling. It thus enables the long-range strong photon-magnon coupling. With full access to traveling waves, we demonstrate a remote control of photon-magnon coupling by modulating the phase and amplitude of traveling waves, rather than reconfiguring subsystems themselves. Our method for realizing long-range strong coupling in cavity magnonics provides a general idea for other physical systems. Our experimental achievements may promote the construction of information networks based on cavity magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Rao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - C Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bimu Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Z J Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - K X Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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8
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Li X, Zhao W, Wang Z. Controlling photons by phonons via giant atom in a waveguide QED setup. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3595-3598. [PMID: 37390189 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the single photon scattering in a phonon-photon hybrid system in the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) scheme. In our consideration, an artificial giant atom, which is dressed by the phonons in a surface acoustic wave resonator, interacts with a coupled resonator waveguide (CRW) nonlocally via two connecting sites. Together with the interference effect by the nonlocal coupling, the phonon serves as a controller to the transport of the photon in the waveguide. On the one hand, the coupling strength between the giant atom and the surface acoustic wave resonator modulates the width of the transmission valley or window in the near resonant regime. On the other hand, the two reflective peaks induced by the Rabi splitting degrade into a single one when the giant atom is large detuned from the surface acoustic resonator, which implies an effective dispersive coupling. Our study paves the way for the potential application of giant atoms in the hybrid system.
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9
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Redchenko ES, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Žemlička M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2998. [PMID: 37225689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Redchenko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | | | - Riya Sett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Žemlička
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Johannes M Fink
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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10
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Scheil V, Holzinger R, Moreno-Cardoner M, Ritsch H. Optical Properties of Concentric Nanorings of Quantum Emitters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050851. [PMID: 36903728 PMCID: PMC10005549 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A ring of sub-wavelength spaced dipole-coupled quantum emitters features extraordinary optical properties when compared to a one-dimensional chain or a random collection of emitters. One finds the emergence of extremely subradiant collective eigenmodes similar to an optical resonator, which features strong 3D sub-wavelength field confinement near the ring. Motivated by structures commonly appearing in natural light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), we extend these studies to stacked multi-ring geometries. We predict that using double rings allows us to engineer significantly darker and better confined collective excitations over a broader energy band compared to the single-ring case. These enhance weak field absorption and low-loss excitation energy transport. For the specific geometry of the three rings appearing in the natural LH2 light-harvesting antenna, we show that the coupling between the lower double-ring structure and the higher energy blue-shifted single ring is very close to a critical value for the actual size of the molecule. This creates collective excitations with contributions from all three rings, which is a vital ingredient for efficient and fast coherent inter-ring transport. This geometry thus should also prove useful for the design of sub-wavelength weak field antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheil
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Holzinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Moreno-Cardoner
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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11
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Santos AC, Bachelard R. Generation of Maximally Entangled Long-Lived States with Giant Atoms in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:053601. [PMID: 36800463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show how to efficiently generate entanglement between two artificial giant atoms with photon-mediated interactions in a waveguide. Taking advantage of the adjustable decay processes of giant atoms into the waveguide and of the interference processes, spontaneous sudden birth of entanglement can be strongly enhanced with giant atoms. Highly entangled states can also be generated in the steady-state regime when the system is driven by a resonant classical field. We show that the statistics of the light emitted by the system can be used as a witness of the presence of entanglement in the system, since giant photon bunching is observed close to the regime of maximal entanglement. Given the degree of quantum correlations incoherently generated in this system, our results open a broad avenue for the generation of quantum correlations and manipulation of photon statistics in systems of giant atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Bachelard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
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12
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Tiranov A, Angelopoulou V, van Diepen CJ, Schrinski B, Sandberg OAD, Wang Y, Midolo L, Scholz S, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Sørensen AS, Lodahl P. Collective super- and subradiant dynamics between distant optical quantum emitters. Science 2023; 379:389-393. [PMID: 36701463 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Photon emission is the hallmark of light-matter interaction and the foundation of photonic quantum science, enabling advanced sources for quantum communication and computing. Although single-emitter radiation can be tailored by the photonic environment, the introduction of multiple emitters extends this picture. A fundamental challenge, however, is that the radiative dipole-dipole coupling rapidly decays with spatial separation, typically within a fraction of the optical wavelength. We realize distant dipole-dipole radiative coupling with pairs of solid-state optical quantum emitters embedded in a nanophotonic waveguide. We dynamically probe the collective response and identify both super- and subradiant emission as well as means to control the dynamics by proper excitation techniques. Our work constitutes a foundational step toward multiemitter applications for scalable quantum-information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tiranov
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Angelopoulou
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Cornelis Jacobus van Diepen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Björn Schrinski
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sven Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Dirk Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß e 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anders Søndberg Sørensen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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13
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Holzinger R, Gutiérrez-Jáuregui R, Hönigl-Decrinis T, Kirchmair G, Asenjo-Garcia A, Ritsch H. Control of Localized Single- and Many-Body Dark States in Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:253601. [PMID: 36608230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subradiant states in a finite chain of two-level quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional reservoir are a resource for superior photon storage and their controlled release. As one can maximally store one energy quantum per emitter, storing multiple excitations requires delocalized states, which typically exhibit fermionic correlations and antisymmetric wave functions, thus making them hard to access experimentally. Here we identify a new class of quasilocalized dark states with up to half of the qubits excited, which only appear for lattice constants of an integer multiple of the wavelength. These states allow for a high-fidelity preparation and minimally invasive readout in state-of-the-art setups. In particular, we suggest an experimental implementation using a coplanar waveguide coupled to superconducting transmon qubits on a chip. With minimal free space and intrinsic losses, virtually perfect dark states can be achieved for a low number of qubits featuring fast preparation and precise manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holzinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - T Hönigl-Decrinis
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Ritsch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Giant spin ensembles in waveguide magnonics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7580. [PMID: 36481617 PMCID: PMC9732049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dipole approximation is usually employed to describe light-matter interactions under ordinary conditions. With the development of artificial atomic systems, 'giant atom' physics is possible, where the scale of atoms is comparable to or even greater than the wavelength of the light they interact with, and the dipole approximation is no longer valid. It reveals interesting physics impossible in small atoms and may offer useful applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the giant spin ensemble (GSE), where a ferromagnetic spin ensemble interacts twice with the meandering waveguide, and the coupling strength between them can be continuously tuned from finite (coupled) to zero (decoupled) by varying the frequency. In the nested configuration, we investigate the collective behavior of two GSEs and find extraordinary phenomena that cannot be observed in conventional systems. Our experiment offers a new platform for 'giant atom' physics.
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15
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Lin WJ, Lu Y, Wen PY, Cheng YT, Lee CP, Lin KT, Chiang KH, Hsieh MC, Chen CY, Chien CH, Lin JJ, Chen JC, Lin YH, Chuu CS, Nori F, Frisk Kockum A, Lin GD, Delsing P, Hoi IC. Deterministic Loading of Microwaves onto an Artificial Atom Using a Time-Reversed Waveform. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8137-8142. [PMID: 36200986 PMCID: PMC9615994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Loading quantum information deterministically onto a quantum node is an important step toward a quantum network. Here, we demonstrate that coherent-state microwave photons with an optimal temporal waveform can be efficiently loaded onto a single superconducting artificial atom in a semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) transmission-line waveguide. Using a weak coherent state (the number of photons (N) contained in the pulse ≪1) with an exponentially rising waveform, whose time constant matches the decoherence time of the artificial atom, we demonstrate a loading efficiency of 94.2% ± 0.7% from 1D semifree space to the artificial atom. The high loading efficiency is due to time-reversal symmetry: the overlap between the incoming wave and the time-reversed emitted wave is up to 97.1% ± 0.4%. Our results open up promising applications in realizing quantum networks based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST, and Research Centre SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70049, Germany
| | - Ping Yi Wen
- Department
of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi621301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Lee
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Ting Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Hsun Chiang
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming Che Hsieh
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsun Chien
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jhan Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Chung Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsiang Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical
Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Physics
Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109-1040, United States
| | - Anton Frisk Kockum
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guin Dar Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Physics
Division, National Center for Theoretical
Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Trapped-Ion
Quantum Computing Laboratory, Hon Hai Research
Institute, Taipei11492, Taiwan
| | - Per Delsing
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Io-Chun Hoi
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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16
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Li BW, Mei QX, Wu YK, Cai ML, Wang Y, Yao L, Zhou ZC, Duan LM. Observation of Non-Markovian Spin Dynamics in a Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard Model Using a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:140501. [PMID: 36240415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) model is a fundamental many-body model for light-matter interaction. As a leading platform for quantum simulation, the trapped ion system has realized the JCH model for two to three ions. Here, we report the quantum simulation of the JCH model using up to 32 ions. We verify the simulation results even for large ion numbers by engineering low excitations and thus low effective dimensions; then we extend to 32 excitations for an effective dimension of 2^{77}, which is difficult for classical computers. By regarding the phonon modes as baths, we explore Markovian or non-Markovian spin dynamics in different parameter regimes of the JCH model, similar to quantum emitters in a structured photonic environment. We further examine the dependence of the non-Markovian dynamics on the effective Hilbert space dimension. Our Letter demonstrates the trapped ion system as a powerful quantum simulator for many-body physics and open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-W Li
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Q-X Mei
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M-L Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- HYQ Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yao
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- HYQ Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Z-C Zhou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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17
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Aamir MA, Moreno CC, Sundelin S, Biznárová J, Scigliuzzo M, Patel KE, Osman A, Lozano DP, Strandberg I, Gasparinetti S. Engineering Symmetry-Selective Couplings of a Superconducting Artificial Molecule to Microwave Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123604. [PMID: 36179204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the decay rate of structured quantum emitters into their environment opens new avenues for nonlinear quantum optics, collective phenomena, and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling scheme between an artificial molecule comprising two identical, strongly coupled transmon qubits and two microwave waveguides. In our scheme, the coupling is engineered so that transitions between states of the same (opposite) symmetry, with respect to the permutation operator, are predominantly coupled to one (the other) waveguide. The symmetry-based coupling selectivity, as quantified by the ratio of the coupling strengths, exceeds a factor of 30 for both waveguides in our device. In addition, we implement a Raman process activated by simultaneously driving both waveguides, and show that it can be used to coherently couple states of different symmetry in the single-excitation manifold of the molecule. Using that process, we implement frequency conversion across the waveguides, mediated by the molecule, with efficiency of about 95%. Finally, we show that this coupling arrangement makes it possible to straightforwardly generate spatially separated Bell states propagating across the waveguides. We envisage further applications to quantum thermodynamics, microwave photodetection, and photon-photon gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Aamir
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Castillo Moreno
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Sundelin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janka Biznárová
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Scigliuzzo
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kowshik Erappaji Patel
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D P Lozano
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Liu N, Wang X, Wang X, Ma XS, Cheng MT. Tunable single photon nonreciprocal scattering based on giant atom-waveguide chiral couplings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23428-23438. [PMID: 36225022 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the single photon scattering properties in a waveguide chirally coupling to a giant atom. The single photon transmission spectrum depends on the direction of the single photon incident when the energy loss of the giant atom can not be neglected. The difference between the transmission probabilities corresponding to opposite transport direction ΔT is calculated. It shows that both of the position and width of the ΔT are dependent on the size of the giant atom. Furthermore, the position of the maximum ΔT and the frequency width of ΔT can be modulated by a classical laser beam. Our results will be beneficial to control single photons in quantum devices design involving giant atoms.
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19
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Trebbia JB, Deplano Q, Tamarat P, Lounis B. Tailoring the superradiant and subradiant nature of two coherently coupled quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2962. [PMID: 35618729 PMCID: PMC9135760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The control and manipulation of quantum-entangled states is crucial for the development of quantum technologies. A promising route is to couple solid-state quantum emitters through their optical dipole-dipole interactions. Entanglement in itself is challenging, as it requires both nanometric distances between emitters and nearly degenerate electronic transitions. Here we implement hyperspectral imaging to identify pairs of coupled dibenzanthanthrene molecules, and find distinctive spectral signatures of maximally entangled superradiant and subradiant electronic states by tuning the molecular optical resonances with Stark effect. We demonstrate far-field selective excitation of the long-lived subradiant delocalized state with a laser field tailored in amplitude and phase. Optical nanoscopy of the coupled molecules unveils spatial signatures that result from quantum interferences in their excitation pathways and reveal the location of each emitter. Controlled electronic-states superposition will help deciphering more complex physical or biological mechanisms governed by the coherent coupling and developing quantum information schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Trebbia
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Q Deplano
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Tamarat
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - B Lounis
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
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20
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Wang YL, Yang Y, Lu J, Zhou L. Photon transport and interference of bound states in a one-dimensional waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14048-14060. [PMID: 35473157 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the coherent scattering process of photons in two waveguides chiral coupling to a Λ-type three-level system (3LS). The 3LS acts as a few-photon router that can direct photons with unity. By adjusting the classical field applied to the 3LS, the tunneling paths between two waveguides can be turned off and on, but two photons can not be routed simultaneously from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide. Moreover, driven field controls the number of the bi-photon bound states and the interference pattern of the bi-photon bound states.
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21
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Moreno-Cardoner M, Holzinger R, Ritsch H. Efficient nano-photonic antennas based on dark states in quantum emitter rings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10779-10791. [PMID: 35473037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic arrays of quantum emitters can feature highly sub-radiant collective excitations with a lifetime exponentially growing with emitter number. Adding an absorptive impurity as an energy dump in the center of a ring shaped polygon allows to exploit this feature to create highly efficient single photon antennas. Here among regular polygons with an identical center absorbing emitter, a nonagon exhibits a distinct optimum of the absorption efficiency. This special enhancement originates from the unique emergence of a subradiant eigenstate with dominant center occupation. Only for nine emitters the sum of coupling strengths of each emitter to all others matches the center to the ring coupling. Analogous to a parabolic mirror the antenna ring then concentrates incoming radiation at its center without being significantly excited itself. Similar large efficiency enhancements, which even prevail for broadband excitation, can also be engineered for other antenna sizes by tailoring the frequency and magnitude of the central absorber. Interestingly, for very small structures a quantum treatment predicts an even stronger enhancement for the single photon absorption enhancement than a classical dipole model. As natural light harvesting structures are often based on ring shaped structures, the underlying principle might be exploited there as well.
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22
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Koong ZX, Cygorek M, Scerri E, Santana TS, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Coherence in cooperative photon emission from indistinguishable quantum emitters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8171. [PMID: 35302855 PMCID: PMC8932659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photon-mediated interactions between atoms can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. Here, we probe the role of coherence in cooperative emission arising from two distant but indistinguishable solid-state emitters because of path erasure. The primary signature of cooperative emission, the emergence of "bunching" at zero delay in an intensity correlation experiment, is used to characterize the indistinguishability of the emitters, their dephasing, and the degree of correlation in the joint system that can be coherently controlled. In a stark departure from a pair of uncorrelated emitters, in Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference measurements, we observe photon statistics from a pair of indistinguishable emitters resembling that of a weak coherent state from an attenuated laser. Our experiments establish techniques to control and characterize cooperative behavior between matter qubits using the full quantum optics toolbox, a key step toward realizing large-scale quantum photonic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xian Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Eleanor Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ted S. Santana
- Centro de Cîencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andrè, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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23
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Boddeti AK, Guan J, Sentz T, Juarez X, Newman W, Cortes C, Odom TW, Jacob Z. Long-Range Dipole-Dipole Interactions in a Plasmonic Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:22-28. [PMID: 34672615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous emission of quantum emitters can be enhanced by increasing the local density of optical states, whereas engineering dipole-dipole interactions requires modifying the two-point spectral density function. Here, we experimentally demonstrate long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) mediated by surface lattice resonances in a plasmonic nanoparticle lattice. Using angle-resolved spectral measurements and fluorescence lifetime studies, we show that unique nanophotonic modes mediate long-range DDI between donor and acceptor molecules. We observe significant and persistent DDI strengths for a range of densities that map to ∼800 nm mean nearest-neighbor separation distance between donor and acceptor dipoles, a factor of ∼100 larger than free space. Our results pave the way to engineer and control long-range DDIs between an ensemble of emitters at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Boddeti
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Tyler Sentz
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Ward Newman
- Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Cristian Cortes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Zubin Jacob
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Marques Y, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV. Bound Photonic Pairs in 2D Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273602. [PMID: 35061425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict the formation of two-photon bound states in a two-dimensional waveguide network hosting a lattice of two-level atoms. The properties of these bound pairs and the exclusive domains of the parameter space where they emerge due to the interplay between the on-site photon blockade and peculiar shape of polariton dispersion resulting from the long-range radiative couplings between the qubits are investigated in detail. In addition, we analyze the effect of the finite-size system on localization characteristics of these excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Marques
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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25
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Tajima H, Funo K. Superconducting-like Heat Current: Effective Cancellation of Current-Dissipation Trade-Off by Quantum Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:190604. [PMID: 34797134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.190604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum coherence is a useful resource for increasing the speed and decreasing the irreversibility of quantum dynamics. Because of this feature, coherence is used to enhance the performance of various quantum information processing devices beyond the limitations set by classical mechanics. However, when we consider thermodynamic processes, such as energy conversion in nanoscale devices, it is still unclear whether coherence provides similar advantages. Here we establish a universal framework, clarifying how coherence affects the speed and irreversibility in thermodynamic processes described by the Lindblad master equation, and give general rules for when coherence enhances or reduces the performance of thermodynamic devices. Our results show that a proper use of coherence enhances the heat current without increasing dissipation; i.e., coherence can reduce friction. In particular, if the amount of coherence is large enough, this friction becomes virtually zero, realizing a superconducting-like "dissipation-less" heat current. Since our framework clarifies a general relation among coherence, energy flow, and dissipation, it can be applied to many branches of science from quantum information theory to biology. As an application to energy science, we construct a quantum heat engine cycle that exceeds the power-efficiency trade-off bound on classical engines and effectively attains the Carnot efficiency with finite power in fast cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Tajima
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Funo
- Theoretical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Reserach, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Interfacing long-lived qubits with propagating photons is a fundamental challenge in quantum technology. Cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures rely on an off-resonant cavity, which blocks the qubit emission and enables a quantum non-demolition (QND) dispersive readout. However, no such buffer mode is necessary for controlling a large class of three-level systems that combine a metastable qubit transition with a bright cycling transition, using the electron shelving effect. Here we demonstrate shelving of a circuit atom, fluxonium, placed inside a microwave waveguide. With no cavity modes in the setup, the qubit coherence time exceeds 50 μs, and the cycling transition’s radiative lifetime is under 100 ns. By detecting a homodyne fluorescence signal from the cycling transition, we implement a QND readout of the qubit and account for readout errors using a minimal optical pumping model. Our result establishes a resource-efficient (cavityless) alternative to cQED for controlling superconducting qubits. Existing schemes for coherent control and measurements in superconducting circuits rely on the coupling between superconducting qubits and cavity photons. Here the authors implement conditional fluorescence readout of a fluxonium qubit placed inside an open waveguide, with no coupling to cavity modes.
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27
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Hu Q, Dong J, Yin J, Zou B, Zhang Y. Two-photon scattering and correlation in a four-terminal waveguide system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35664-35677. [PMID: 34808996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scattering and correlation properties of a two-photon (TP) pulse are studied in a four-terminal waveguide system, i.e., two one-dimensional waveguides connected by a Jaynes-Cummings emitter (JCE). The wave function approach is utilized to exactly calculate the real-time dynamic evolution of the TP transport. When the width of the incident TP Gaussian pulse is much larger than the photon wavelength, the TP transmission spectra approach that of the corresponding single photon cases and are almost independent of the pulse width. On the contrary, as the pulse width is comparable to the photon wavelength, the TP transmission and correlation both show strong dependence on the pulse width. The resonant scattering due to the JCE and the photon interference together determine the TP correlation. When the distance between the TPs is small, the TP correlations between any two terminals for the scattered TP pulse are much different from those for the incident TP pulse and therefore, such a four-terminal waveguide system provides a way to control the TP correlation.
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28
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Bai SY, An JH. Generating Stable Spin Squeezing by Squeezed-Reservoir Engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:083602. [PMID: 34477431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a genuine many-body entanglement, spin squeezing (SS) can be used to realize the highly precise measurement beyond the limit constrained by classical physics. Its generation has attracted much attention recently. It was reported that N two-level systems (TLSs) located near a one-dimensional waveguide can generate SS by using the mediation effect of the waveguide. However, a coherent driving on each TLS is used to stabilize the SS, which raises a high requirement for experiments. We here propose a scheme to generate stable SS resorting to neither the spin-spin coupling nor the coherent driving on the TLSs. Incorporating the mediation role of the common waveguide and the technique of squeezed-reservoir engineering, our scheme exhibits the advantages over previous ones in the scaling relation of the SS parameter with the number of the TLSs. The long-range correlation feature of the generated SS along the waveguide in our scheme may endow it with certain superiority in quantum sensing, e.g., improving the sensing efficiency of spatially unidentified weak magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Bai
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Hong An
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Yuan JQ, Zhao B, Sun LS, Wu LT, Guo TJ, Kang M, Chen J. Optical super-resonance in a customized P T-symmetric system of hybrid interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24663-24673. [PMID: 34614817 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the optical resonances in coupled meta-atoms with hybrid interaction pathways. One interaction pathway is the directly near-field coupling between the two meta-atoms. The other interaction pathway is via the continuum in a waveguide functioned as a common bus connecting them. We show that by properly introducing gain or loss into the meta-atoms, the hybrid optical system becomes parity-time (P T) symmetric, in which the effective coupling rate can be customized by manipulating the length of the waveguide. At the exact phase of the customized P T symmetry, the coupled meta-atoms support discrete super-resonant modes that can be observed from the transmission spectra as extremely sharp peaks. At an exception point where the eigenmodes coalesce, albeit the transmission curve is flat, a high-Q factor of the localized field in the meta-atoms can be obtained. Similarities of the super-resonance with the bound states in the continuum (BICs) are discussed. This investigation promotes our understanding about the ways in realizing high-Q optical resonance especially by manipulating the distributions of loss and gain via the concepts of P T and BICs. Many attractive applications are expected.
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30
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Bao Z, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Ma C, Song Y, Zhang H, Duan L. On-Demand Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Photons Using a Superconducting Multiresonator Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:010503. [PMID: 34270274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We realize on-demand storage and retrieval of weak coherent microwave photon pulses at the single-photon level. A superconducting multiresonator system which is composed of a set of frequency-tunable coplanar waveguide resonators is implemented as the quantum memory. By dynamically tuning the resonant frequencies of the resonators, we achieve tunable memory bandwidth from 10 to 55 MHz, with well preserved phase coherence. We further demonstrate on-demand storage and retrieval of a time-bin flying qubit. This result opens up a prospect to integrate our chip-based quantum memory with the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum circuit technology for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Bao
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipu Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Luming Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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31
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Poshakinskiy AV, Zhong J, Poddubny AN. Quantum Chaos Driven by Long-Range Waveguide-Mediated Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203602. [PMID: 34110198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically quantum states of a pair of photons interacting with a finite periodic array of two-level atoms in a waveguide. Our calculation reveals two-polariton eigenstates that have a highly irregular wave function in real space. This indicates the Bethe ansatz breakdown and the onset of quantum chaos, in stark contrast to the conventional integrable problem of two interacting bosons in a box. We identify the long-range waveguide-mediated coupling between the atoms as the key ingredient of chaos and nonintegrability. Our results provide new insights in the interplay between order, chaos, and localization in many-body quantum systems and can be tested in state-of-the-art setups of waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Zhong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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32
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Dong XL, Li PB, Liu T, Nori F. Unconventional Quantum Sound-Matter Interactions in Spin-Optomechanical-Crystal Hybrid Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203601. [PMID: 34110200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict a set of unusual quantum acoustic phenomena resulting from sound-matter interactions in a fully tunable solid-state platform in which an array of solid-state spins in diamond are coupled to quantized acoustic waves in a one-dimensional optomechanical crystal. We find that, by using a spatially varying laser drive that introduces a position-dependent phase in the optomechanical interaction, the mechanical band structure can be tuned in situ, consequently leading to unconventional quantum sound-matter interactions. We show that quasichiral sound-matter interactions can occur, with tunable ranges from bidirectional to quasiunidirectional, when the spins are resonant with the bands. When the solid-state spin frequency lies within the acoustic band gap, we demonstrate the emergence of an exotic polariton bound state that can mediate long-range tunable, odd-neighbor, and complex spin-spin interactions. This work expands the present exploration of quantum phononics and can have wide applications in quantum simulations and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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33
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Cabot A, Luca Giorgi G, Zambrini R. Synchronization and coalescence in a dissipative two-qubit system. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of detuned spins displaying synchronous oscillations in local observables is analysed in the presence of coupling, collective dissipation and incoherent pumping. We show that there exist two distinct scenarios in which synchronization can emerge, related respectively to the presence of a non-degenerate long-lived eigenmode and to the presence of a single-frequency regime. Both scenarios can arise by tuning parameters in this system, owing to the presence of coalascence. The former, known as transient synchronization, is here generalized in the presence of incoherent pumping, and is due to long-lasting coherences leading to a progressive frequency selection. On the other hand, in spite of the spins detuning, the dynamics can be governed by a single frequency. Still, we show that synchronization can be established only after a transient, when phase-locking arises. Spectral features of synchronization in these two scenarios are analysed for two-time correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabot
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gian Luca Giorgi
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roberta Zambrini
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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34
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Du L, Wang Z, Li Y. Controllable optical response and tunable sensing based on self interference in waveguide QED systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3038-3054. [PMID: 33770911 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the self interference effect of a resonator coupled with a bent waveguide at two separated ports. Such interference effects are shown to be similar for the cases of standing-wave and traveling-wave resonators, while in the system of two separated resonators indirectly coupled via a waveguide, the coupling forms and the related interference effects depend on which kind of resonators is chosen. Due to the self interference, controllable optical responses including tunable linewidth and frequency shift, and optical dark state can be achieved. Moreover, we consider a self-interference photon-magnon hybrid model and show phase-dependent Fano-like line shapes which have potential applications in frequency sensing. The photon-magnon hybridization can not only enhance the sensitivity and provide tunable working region, but also enables optical readout of the magnetic field strength in turn. The results in this paper provide a deeper insight into the self interference effect and its potential applications.
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35
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Song GZ, Guo JL, Nie W, Kwek LC, Long GL. Optical properties of a waveguide-mediated chain of randomly positioned atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1903-1917. [PMID: 33726395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the optical properties of an ensemble of two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. In our model, the atoms are randomly located in the lattice sites along the one-dimensional waveguide. The results reveal that the optical transport properties of the atomic ensemble are influenced by the lattice constant and the filling factor of the lattice sites. We also focus on the atomic mirror configuration and quantify the effect of the inhomogeneous broadening in atomic resonant transition on the scattering spectrum. Furthermore, we find that initial bunching and persistent quantum beats appear in photon-photon correlation function of the transmitted field, which are significantly changed by the filling factor of the lattice sites. With great progress to interface quantum emitters with nanophotonics, our results should be experimentally realizable in the near future.
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36
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Sedov DD, Kozin VK, Iorsh IV. Chiral Waveguide Optomechanics: First Order Quantum Phase Transitions with Z_{3} Symmetry Breaking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263606. [PMID: 33449725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a direct mapping between the quantum optomechanical problem of the atoms harmonically trapped in the vicinity of a chiral waveguide and a generalized quantum Rabi model, and we discuss the analogy between the self-organization of atomic chains in photonic structures and Dicke-like quantum phase transitions in the ultrastrong coupling regime. We extend the class of the superradiant phase transitions for the systems possessing Z_{3} rather than parity Z_{2} symmetry and demonstrate the emergence of the multicomponent Schrödinger-cat ground states in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Sedov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - V K Kozin
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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37
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Magnard P, Storz S, Kurpiers P, Schär J, Marxer F, Lütolf J, Walter T, Besse JC, Gabureac M, Reuer K, Akin A, Royer B, Blais A, Wallraff A. Microwave Quantum Link between Superconducting Circuits Housed in Spatially Separated Cryogenic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:260502. [PMID: 33449744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.260502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack of coherence-preserving microwave-to-optical conversion solutions have hindered the realization of superconducting quantum networks spanning different cryogenic systems or larger distances. Here, we report the successful operation of a cryogenic waveguide coherently linking transmon qubits located in two dilution refrigerators separated by a physical distance of five meters. We transfer qubit states and generate entanglement on demand with average transfer and target state fidelities of 85.8% and 79.5%, respectively, between the two nodes of this elementary network. Cryogenic microwave links provide an opportunity to scale up systems for quantum computing and create local area superconducting quantum communication networks over length scales of at least tens of meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Magnard
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Storz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Kurpiers
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Schär
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Marxer
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Lütolf
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Walter
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J-C Besse
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Gabureac
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Reuer
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Akin
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Royer
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - A Blais
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - A Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Iorsh I, Poshakinskiy A, Poddubny A. Waveguide Quantum Optomechanics: Parity-Time Phase Transitions in Ultrastrong Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:183601. [PMID: 33196247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a rigorous theoretical framework for interaction-induced phenomena in the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) driven by mechanical oscillations of the qubits. Specifically, we predict that the simplest setup of two qubits, harmonically trapped over an optical waveguide, enables the ultrastrong coupling regime of the quantum optomechanical interaction. Moreover, the combination of the inherent open nature of the system and the strong optomechanical coupling leads to emerging parity-time (PT) symmetry, quite unexpected for a purely quantum system without artificially engineered gain and loss. The PT phase transition drives long-living subradiant states, observable in the state-of-the-art waveguide QED setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iorsh
- Department of Physics and Technology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Poddubny
- Department of Physics and Technology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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39
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Fang W, Yang Y. Directional dipole radiations and long-range quantum entanglement mediated by hyperbolic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32955-32977. [PMID: 33114969 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the vicinity of two-dimensional structures, the excitation of deep subwavelength polaritonic modes can be realized owing to the presence of free-carrier motion. Here we consider the launching of surface plasmonics in hyperbolic metasurfaces and theoretically demonstrate that the radiation energy of quantum emitter channels along specific directions was determined by the conductivity tensor of the surface. While the propagating length of the suface plasmon field supported by isotropic surfaces is normally limited on the scale of subwavelength to several vacuum wavelengths, it may be largely amplified when hyperbolic metasurfaces have been applied. Based on these exciting properties, prominent super- and subradiant behaviors between two distant quantum emitters are observed by engineering the anisotropy of the metasurfaces. Further investigations show that the directional collective interactions supported by the metasurfaces enable the generation of quantum entanglement over macroscopic dipole separations, with large values of concurrence, and allow remarkable revivals from sudden death. Our proposal can easily be extended to systems that include multiple quantum emitters interacting through hyperbolic metasurfaces and thus may have potential applications in on-chip science that aims at quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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40
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Kannan B, Campbell DL, Vasconcelos F, Winik R, Kim DK, Kjaergaard M, Krantz P, Melville A, Niedzielski BM, Yoder JL, Orlando TP, Gustavsson S, Oliver WD. Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb8780. [PMID: 33028523 PMCID: PMC7541065 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Realizing a fully connected network of quantum processors requires the ability to distribute quantum entanglement. For distant processing nodes, this can be achieved by generating, routing, and capturing spatially entangled itinerant photons. In this work, we demonstrate the deterministic generation of such photons using superconducting transmon qubits that are directly coupled to a waveguide. In particular, we generate two-photon N00N states and show that the state and spatial entanglement of the emitted photons are tunable via the qubit frequencies. Using quadrature amplitude detection, we reconstruct the moments and correlations of the photonic modes and demonstrate state preparation fidelities of 84%. Our results provide a path toward realizing quantum communication and teleportation protocols using itinerant photons generated by quantum interference within a waveguide quantum electrodynamics architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kannan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D L Campbell
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - F Vasconcelos
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Winik
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D K Kim
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - M Kjaergaard
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Krantz
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Melville
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - B M Niedzielski
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - J L Yoder
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - T P Orlando
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Gustavsson
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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41
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Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with superconducting artificial giant atoms. Nature 2020; 583:775-779. [PMID: 32728243 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Models of light-matter interactions in quantum electrodynamics typically invoke the dipole approximation1,2, in which atoms are treated as point-like objects when compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic modes with which they interact. However, when the ratio between the size of the atom and the mode wavelength is increased, the dipole approximation no longer holds and the atom is referred to as a 'giant atom'2,3. So far, experimental studies with solid-state devices in the giant-atom regime have been limited to superconducting qubits that couple to short-wavelength surface acoustic waves4-10, probing the properties of the atom at only a single frequency. Here we use an alternative architecture that realizes a giant atom by coupling small atoms to a waveguide at multiple, but well separated, discrete locations. This system enables tunable atom-waveguide couplings with large on-off ratios3 and a coupling spectrum that can be engineered by the design of the device. We also demonstrate decoherence-free interactions between multiple giant atoms that are mediated by the quasi-continuous spectrum of modes in the waveguide-an effect that is not achievable using small atoms11. These features allow qubits in this architecture to switch between protected and emissive configurations in situ while retaining qubit-qubit interactions, opening up possibilities for high-fidelity quantum simulations and non-classical itinerant photon generation12,13.
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42
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Kono S, Koshino K, Lachance-Quirion D, van Loo AF, Tabuchi Y, Noguchi A, Nakamura Y. Breaking the trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of a superconducting qubit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3683. [PMID: 32703942 PMCID: PMC7378077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in designs and fabrication techniques of superconducting qubits has made coherence times of qubits longer. In the future, however, the radiative decay of a qubit into its control line will be a fundamental limitation, imposing a trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of the qubit. Here, we break this trade-off by strongly coupling another superconducting qubit along the control line. This second qubit, which we call “Josephson quantum filter” (JQF), prevents the first qubit from emitting microwave photons and thus suppresses its relaxation, while transmitting large-amplitude control microwave pulses due to the saturation of the quantum filter, enabling fast qubit control. This device functions as an automatic decoupler between a qubit and its control line and could help in the realization of a large-scale superconducting quantum processor by reducing the heating of the qubit environment and the crosstalk between qubits. The trade-off between long lifetime and inevitable radiative decay to a control line has become a key limitation for superconducting qubits. Here, the authors break the trade-off by coupling another qubit to the control line of the first one to suppress its relaxation, while enabling fast qubit control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kono
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - D Lachance-Quirion
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.,Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - A F van Loo
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tabuchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - A Noguchi
- Komaba Institute for Science (KIS), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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43
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A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer. Nature 2020; 583:369-374. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Longhi S. Superradiance paradox in waveguide lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3297-3300. [PMID: 32538967 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that the collective radiative decay of two point-like quantum emitters coupled to a waveguide, separated by a distance comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon, leads to an apparent "superradiance paradox" by which one cannot decide whether independent or collective emission occurs. Here we suggest an integrated optics platform to emulate the superradiance paradox, based on photon escape dynamics in waveguide lattices. Remarkably, Markovian decay dynamics and independent photon emission can be restored by frequent (Zeno-like) observation of the system.
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45
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Zhong J, Olekhno NA, Ke Y, Poshakinskiy AV, Lee C, Kivshar YS, Poddubny AN. Photon-Mediated Localization in Two-Level Qubit Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:093604. [PMID: 32202878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.093604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We predict the existence of a novel interaction-induced spatial localization in a periodic array of qubits coupled to a waveguide. This localization can be described as a quantum analogue of a self-induced optical lattice between two indistinguishable photons, where one photon creates a standing wave that traps the other photon. The localization is caused by the interplay between on-site repulsion due to the photon blockade and the waveguide-mediated long-range coupling between the qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Zhong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Yongguan Ke
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | | | - Chaohong Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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46
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Sinha K, Meystre P, Goldschmidt EA, Fatemi FK, Rolston SL, Solano P. Non-Markovian Collective Emission from Macroscopically Separated Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043603. [PMID: 32058765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective radiative decay of a system of two two-level emitters coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide in a regime where their separation is comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon. The electromagnetic field propagating in the cavity-like geometry formed by the emitters exerts a retarded backaction on the system leading to strongly non-Markovian dynamics. The collective spontaneous emission rate of the emitters exhibits an enhancement or inhibition beyond the usual Dicke superradiance and subradiance due to self-consistent coherent time-delayed feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sinha
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pierre Meystre
- Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pablo Solano
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Maryland 02139, USA
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47
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Nie W, Peng ZH, Nori F, Liu YX. Topologically Protected Quantum Coherence in a Superatom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:023603. [PMID: 32004058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the properties and applications of topological quantum states is essential to better understand topological matter. Here, we theoretically study a quasi-one-dimensional topological atom array. In the low-energy regime, the atom array is equivalent to a topological superatom. Driving the superatom in a cavity, we study the interaction between light and topological quantum states. We find that the edge states exhibit topology-protected quantum coherence, which can be characterized from the photon transmission. This quantum coherence helps us to find a superradiance-subradiance transition, and we also study its finite-size scaling behavior. The superradiance-subradiance transition also exists in symmetry-breaking systems. More importantly, it is shown that the quantum coherence of the subradiant edge state is robust to random noises, allowing the superatom to work as a topologically protected quantum memory. We suggest a relevant experiment with three-dimensional circuit QED. Our study may have applications in quantum computation and quantum optics based on topological edge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
| | - Z H Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
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48
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Wang Z, Li H, Feng W, Song X, Song C, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang X, Dong H, Zheng D, Wang H, Wang DW. Controllable Switching between Superradiant and Subradiant States in a 10-qubit Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013601. [PMID: 31976713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superradiance and subradiance concerning enhanced and inhibited collective radiation of an ensemble of atoms have been a central topic in quantum optics. However, precise generation and control of these states remain challenging. Here we deterministically generate up to 10-qubit superradiant and 8-qubit subradiant states, each containing a single excitation, in a superconducting quantum circuit with multiple qubits interconnected by a cavity resonator. The sqrt[N]-scaling enhancement of the coupling strength between the superradiant states and the cavity is validated. By applying an appropriate phase gate on each qubit, we are able to switch the single collective excitation between superradiant and subradiant states. While the subradiant states containing a single excitation are forbidden from emitting photons, we demonstrate that they can still absorb photons from the resonator. However, for an even number of qubits, a singlet state with half of the qubits being excited can neither emit nor absorb photons, which is verified with 4 qubits. This study is a step forward in coherent control of collective radiation and has promising applications in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Ke Y, Poshakinskiy AV, Lee C, Kivshar YS, Poddubny AN. Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:253601. [PMID: 31922777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop a rigorous theoretical approach for analyzing inelastic scattering of photon pairs in arrays of two-level qubits embedded into a waveguide. Our analysis reveals a strong enhancement of the scattering when the energy of incoming photons resonates with the double-excited subradiant states. We identify the role of different double-excited states in the scattering, such as superradiant, subradiant, and twilight states, as a product of single-excitation bright and subradiant states. Importantly, the N-excitation subradiant states can be engineered only if the number of qubits exceeds 2N. Both the subradiant and twilight states can generate long-lived photon-photon correlations, paving the way to storage and processing of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguan Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Chaohong Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Lin KT, Hsu T, Lee CY, Hoi IC, Lin GD. Scalable collective Lamb shift of a 1D superconducting qubit array in front of a mirror. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19175. [PMID: 31844102 PMCID: PMC6915749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) between artificial atoms in a 1D geometry, implemented by N transmon qubits coupled through a transmission line. Similar to the atomic cases, RDDI comes from exchange of virtual photons of the continuous modes, and causes the so-called collective Lamb shift (CLS). To probe the shift, we effectively set one end of the transmission line as a mirror, and examine the reflection spectrum of the probe field from the other end. Our calculation shows that when a qubit is placed at the node of the standing wave formed by the incident and reflected waves, even though it is considered to be decoupled from the field, it results in large energy splitting in the spectral profile of a resonant qubit located at an antinode. This directly implies the interplay of virtual photon processes and explicitly signals the CLS. We further derive a master equation to describe the system, which can take into account mismatch of participating qubits and dephasing effects. Our calculation also demonstrates the superradiant and subradiant nature of the atomic states, and how the CLS scales when more qubits are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lin
- Centre for Quantum Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting Hsu
- Centre for Quantum Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Lee
- Centre for Quantum Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Io-Chun Hoi
- Centre for Quantum Technology and Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guin-Dar Lin
- Centre for Quantum Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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