1
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Poh YR, Morozov D, Kazmierczak NP, Hadt RG, Groenhof G, Yuen-Zhou J. Alternant Hydrocarbon Diradicals as Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38798142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
High-spin molecules allow for bottom-up qubit design and are promising platforms for magnetic sensing and quantum information science. Optical addressability of molecular electron spins has also been proposed in first-row transition-metal complexes via optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) mechanisms analogous to the diamond-nitrogen-vacancy color center. However, significantly less progress has been made on the front of metal-free molecules, which can deliver lower costs and milder environmental impacts. At present, most luminescent open-shell organic molecules are π-diradicals, but such systems often suffer from poor ground-state open-shell characters necessary to realize a stable ground-state molecular qubit. In this work, we use alternancy symmetry to selectively minimize radical-radical interactions in the ground state, generating π-systems with high diradical characters. We call them m-dimers, referencing the need to covalently link two benzylic radicals at their meta carbon atoms for the desired symmetry. Through a detailed electronic structure analysis, we find that the excited states of alternant hydrocarbon m-diradicals contain important symmetries that can be used to construct ODMR mechanisms leading to ground-state spin polarization. The molecular parameters are set in the context of a tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical dimer covalently tethered at the meta position, demonstrating the feasibility of alternant m-diradicals as molecular color centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rui Poh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, St. Gallen 9000, Switzerland
| | - Nathanael P Kazmierczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Drmota P, Nadlinger DP, Main D, Nichol BC, Ainley EM, Leichtle D, Mantri A, Kashefi E, Srinivas R, Araneda G, Ballance CJ, Lucas DM. Verifiable Blind Quantum Computing with Trapped Ions and Single Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:150604. [PMID: 38682960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report the first hybrid matter-photon implementation of verifiable blind quantum computing. We use a trapped-ion quantum server and a client-side photonic detection system networked via a fiber-optic quantum link. The availability of memory qubits and deterministic entangling gates enables interactive protocols without postselection-key requirements for any scalable blind server, which previous realizations could not provide. We quantify the privacy at ≲0.03 leaked classical bits per qubit. This experiment demonstrates a path to fully verified quantum computing in the cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Drmota
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D P Nadlinger
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Main
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B C Nichol
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E M Ainley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Leichtle
- Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - A Mantri
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - E Kashefi
- Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - R Srinivas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Araneda
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C J Ballance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D M Lucas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang Y, Fan W, Yang J, Guan H, Zhang Q, Qin X, Duan C, de Boo GG, Johnson BC, McCallum JC, Sellars MJ, Rogge S, Yin C, Du J. Photoionisation detection of a single Er 3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad134. [PMID: 38487492 PMCID: PMC10939366 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation applications. In this work, we use radio-frequency (RF) reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ ion in Si. The high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation detection. With this technique, the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be [Formula: see text]s. Our results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and relaxation. This approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenda Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiliang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Changkui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gabriele G de Boo
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brett C Johnson
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C McCallum
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sellars
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Sven Rogge
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chunming Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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4
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Johnston A, Felix-Rendon U, Wong YE, Chen S. Cavity-coupled telecom atomic source in silicon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2350. [PMID: 38490992 PMCID: PMC10943074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel T centers in silicon hold great promise for quantum networking applications due to their telecom band optical transitions and the long-lived ground state electronic spins. An open challenge for advancing the T center platform is to enhance its weak and slow zero phonon line (ZPL) emission. In this work, by integrating single T centers with a low-loss, small mode-volume silicon photonic crystal cavity, we demonstrate an enhancement of the fluorescence decay rate by a factor of F = 6.89. Efficient photon extraction enables the system to achieve an average ZPL photon outcoupling rate of 73.3 kHz under saturation, which is about two orders of magnitude larger than the previously reported value. The dynamics of the coupled system is well modeled by solving the Lindblad master equation. These results represent a significant step towards building efficient T center spin-photon interfaces for quantum information processing and networking applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Johnston
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ulises Felix-Rendon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yu-En Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Songtao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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5
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Yan Q, Kar S, Chowdhury S, Bansil A. The Case for a Defect Genome Initiative. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303098. [PMID: 38195961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has streamlined the materials discovery effort by leveraging generic traits of materials, with focus largely on perfect solids. Defects such as impurities and perturbations, however, drive many attractive functional properties of materials. The rich tapestry of charge, spin, and bonding states hosted by defects are not accessible to elements and perfect crystals, and defects can thus be viewed as another class of "elements" that lie beyond the periodic table. Accordingly, a Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) to accelerate functional defect discovery for energy, quantum information, and other applications is proposed. First, major advances made under the MGI are highlighted, followed by a delineation of pathways for accelerating the discovery and design of functional defects under the DGI. Near-term goals for the DGI are suggested. The construction of open defect platforms and design of data-driven functional defects, along with approaches for fabrication and characterization of defects, are discussed. The associated challenges and opportunities are considered and recent advances towards controlled introduction of functional defects at the atomic scale are reviewed. It is hoped this perspective will spur a community-wide interest in undertaking a DGI effort in recognition of the importance of defects in enabling unique functionalities in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Swastik Kar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sugata Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Masuda T, Hadden JPE, Lake DP, Mitchell M, Flågan S, Barclay PE. Fiber-taper collected emission from NV centers in high-Q/V diamond microdisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8172-8188. [PMID: 38439481 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-coupled microdisks are a promising platform for enhancing the spontaneous emission from color centers in diamond. The measured cavity-enhanced emission from the microdisk is governed by the effective volume (V) of each cavity mode, the cavity quality factor (Q), and the coupling between the microdisk and the fiber. Here we observe room temperature photoluminescence from an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers into high Q/V microdisk modes, which when combined with coherent spectroscopy of the microdisk modes, allows us to elucidate the relative contributions of these factors. The broad emission spectrum acts as an internal light source facilitating mode identification over several cavity free spectral ranges. Analysis of the fiber taper collected microdisk emission reveals spectral filtering both by the cavity and the fiber taper, the latter of which we find preferentially couples to higher-order microdisk modes. Coherent mode spectroscopy is used to measure Q ∼ 1 × 105 - the highest reported values for diamond microcavities operating at visible wavelengths. With realistic optimization of the microdisk dimensions, we predict that Purcell factors of ∼50 are within reach.
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7
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Sandoval P, Lopez K, Arreola A, Len A, Basravi N, Yamaguchi P, Kawamura R, Stokes CX, Melendrez C, Simpson D, Lee SJ, Titus CJ, Altoe V, Sainio S, Nordlund D, Irwin K, Wolcott A. Quantum Diamonds at the Beach: Chemical Insights into Silica Growth on Nanoscale Diamond using Multimodal Characterization and Simulation. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:462-474. [PMID: 38144705 PMCID: PMC10740120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of materials that host quantum bits such as diamond is an important avenue of exploration as quantum computation and quantum sensing platforms mature. Interfacing diamond in general and nanoscale diamond (ND) in particular with silica is a potential route to integrate room temperature quantum bits into photonic devices, fiber optics, cells, or tissues with flexible functionalization chemistry. While silica growth on ND cores has been used successfully for quantum sensing and biolabeling, the surface mechanism to initiate growth was unknown. This report describes the surface chemistry responsible for silica bond formation on diamond and uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to probe the diamond surface chemistry and its electronic structure with increasing silica thickness. A modified Stöber (Cigler) method was used to synthesize 2-35 nm thick shells of SiO2 onto carboxylic acid-rich ND cores. The diamond morphology, surface, and electronic structure were characterized by overlapping techniques including electron microscopy. Importantly, we discovered that SiO2 growth on carboxylated NDs eliminates the presence of carboxylic acids and that basic ethanolic solutions convert the ND surface to an alcohol-rich surface prior to silica growth. The data supports a mechanism that alcohols on the ND surface generate silyl-ether (ND-O-Si-(OH)3) bonds due to rehydroxylation by ammonium hydroxide in ethanol. The suppression of the diamond electronic structure as a function of SiO2 thickness was observed for the first time, and a maximum probing depth of ∼14 nm was calculated. XAS spectra based on the Auger electron escape depth was modeled using the NIST database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to support our experimental results. Additionally, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) maps produced by the transition edge sensor reinforces the chemical analysis provided by XAS. Researchers using diamond or high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) NDs and other exotic materials (e.g., silicon carbide or cubic-boron nitride) for quantum sensing applications may exploit these results to design new layered or core-shell quantum sensors by forming covalent bonds via surface alcohol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla
J. Sandoval
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Karen Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Andres Arreola
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Anida Len
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Nedah Basravi
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Pomaikaimaikalani Yamaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Rina Kawamura
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Camron X. Stokes
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Cynthia Melendrez
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Davida Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Charles James Titus
- Department
of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Palo Alto, California 94025, United States
| | - Virginia Altoe
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa,
P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kent Irwin
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Palo Alto, California 94025, United States
| | - Abraham Wolcott
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
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8
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Xie Z, Wang G, Guo Z, Li Z, Li T. Heralded quantum multiplexing entanglement between stationary qubits via distribution of high-dimensional optical entanglement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37802-37817. [PMID: 38017902 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement between pairs of remote quantum memories (QMs) is a prerequisite for realizing many applications in quantum networks. Here, we present a heralded protocol for the parallel creation of quantum entanglement among multiple pairs of QMs placed in spatially separated nodes, where each QM, encoding a stationary qubit, couples to an optical cavity and deterministically interacts with single photons. Our protocol utilizes an entangled photon pair encoded in the high-dimensional time-bin degree of freedom to simultaneously entangle multiple QM pairs, and is efficient in terms of reducing the time consumption and photon loss during transmission. Furthermore, our approach can be extended to simultaneously support spatial-temporal multiplexing, as its success is heralded by the detection of single photons. These distinguishing features make our protocol particularly useful for long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum networks.
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9
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Ngan K, Zhan Y, Dory C, Vučković J, Sun S. Quantum Photonic Circuits Integrated with Color Centers in Designer Nanodiamonds. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9360-9366. [PMID: 37782048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond has emerged as a leading host material for solid-state quantum emitters, quantum memories, and quantum sensors. However, the challenges in fabricating photonic devices in diamond have limited its potential for use in quantum technologies. While various hybrid integration approaches have been developed for coupling diamond color centers with photonic devices defined in a heterogeneous material, these methods suffer from either large insertion loss at the material interface or evanescent light-matter coupling. Here, we present a new technique that enables the deterministic assembly of diamond color centers in a silicon nitride photonic circuit. Using this technique, we observe Purcell enhancement of silicon vacancy centers coupled to a silicon nitride ring resonator. Our hybrid integration approach has the potential for achieving the maximum possible light-matter interaction strength while maintaining low insertion loss and paves the way toward scalable manufacturing of large-scale quantum photonic circuits integrated with high-quality quantum emitters and spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinfung Ngan
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yuan Zhan
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Constantin Dory
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jelena Vučković
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shuo Sun
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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10
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Tang H, Barr AR, Wang G, Cappellaro P, Li J. First-Principles Calculation of the Temperature-Dependent Transition Energies in Spin Defects. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3266-3273. [PMID: 36977131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spin qubits associated with color centers are promising platforms for various quantum technologies. However, to be deployed in robust quantum devices, the variations of their intrinsic properties with the external conditions, in particular temperature and strain, should be known with high precision. Unfortunately, a predictive theory on the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency of electron and nuclear spin defects in solids remains lacking. In this work, we develop a first-principles method for the temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting, hyperfine interaction, and nuclear quadrupole interaction of color centers. As a testbed, we compare our ab initio calculations with experiments for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond, finding good agreements. We identify the major origin of the temperature dependence as a second-order effect of dynamic phonon vibrations, instead of the thermal-expansion strain. The method can be applied to different color centers and provides a theoretical tool for designing high-precision quantum sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ariel Rebekah Barr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paola Cappellaro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Lago-Rivera D, Rakonjac JV, Grandi S, Riedmatten HD. Long distance multiplexed quantum teleportation from a telecom photon to a solid-state qubit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1889. [PMID: 37019899 PMCID: PMC10076279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum teleportation is an essential capability for quantum networks, allowing the transmission of quantum bits (qubits) without a direct exchange of quantum information. Its implementation between distant parties requires teleportation of the quantum information to matter qubits that store it for long enough to allow users to perform further processing. Here we demonstrate long distance quantum teleportation from a photonic qubit at telecom wavelength to a matter qubit, stored as a collective excitation in a solid-state quantum memory. Our system encompasses an active feed-forward scheme, implementing a conditional phase shift on the qubit retrieved from the memory, as required by the protocol. Moreover, our approach is time-multiplexed, allowing for an increase in the teleportation rate, and is directly compatible with the deployed telecommunication networks, two key features for its scalability and practical implementation, that will play a pivotal role in the development of long-distance quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lago-Rivera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Jelena V Rakonjac
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Samuele Grandi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Zaporski L, Shofer N, Bodey JH, Manna S, Gillard G, Appel MH, Schimpf C, Covre da Silva SF, Jarman J, Delamare G, Park G, Haeusler U, Chekhovich EA, Rastelli A, Gangloff DA, Atatüre M, Le Gall C. Ideal refocusing of an optically active spin qubit under strong hyperfine interactions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:257-263. [PMID: 36702953 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining highly coherent spin control with efficient light-matter coupling offers great opportunities for quantum communication and computing. Optically active semiconductor quantum dots have unparalleled photonic properties but also modest spin coherence limited by their resident nuclei. The nuclear inhomogeneity has thus far bound all dynamical decoupling measurements to a few microseconds. Here, we eliminate this inhomogeneity using lattice-matched GaAs-AlGaAs quantum dot devices and demonstrate dynamical decoupling of the electron spin qubit beyond 0.113(3) ms. Leveraging the 99.30(5)% visibility of our optical π-pulse gates, we use up to Nπ = 81 decoupling pulses and find a coherence time scaling of [Formula: see text]. This scaling manifests an ideal refocusing of strong interactions between the electron and the nuclear spin ensemble, free of extrinsic noise, which holds the promise of lifetime-limited spin coherence. Our findings demonstrate that the most punishing material science challenge for such quantum dot devices has a remedy and constitute the basis for highly coherent spin-photon interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Zaporski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Noah Shofer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Bodey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - George Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - John Jarman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffroy Delamare
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunhee Park
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Haeusler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Le Gall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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13
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Flaschmann R, Zugliani L, Schmid C, Spedicato S, Strohauer S, Wietschorke F, Flassig F, Finley JJ, Müller K. The dependence of timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on the multi-layer sample design and slew rate. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1086-1091. [PMID: 36546642 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the timing jitter of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and found a strong dependence on the detector response. By varying the multi-layer structure, we observed changes in pulse shape which are attributed to capacitive behaviour affecting the pulse heights, rise times and consequently timing jitter. Moreover, we developed a technique to predict the timing jitter of a single device within certain limits by capturing only a single detector pulse, eliminating the need for detailed jitter measurement using a pulsed laser when a rough estimate of the timing jitter is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Flaschmann
- Walter Schottky Institute and Department for Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Lucio Zugliani
- Walter Schottky Institute and Department for Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmid
- Walter Schottky Institute and Department for Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Simone Spedicato
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Strohauer
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Wietschorke
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Flassig
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institute and Department for Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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14
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Shimotsuma Y, Kinouchi K, Yanoshita R, Fujiwara M, Mizuochi N, Uemoto M, Shimizu M, Miura K. Formation of NV centers in diamond by a femtosecond laser single pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1594-1603. [PMID: 36785191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The NV centers in a diamond were successfully created by the femtosecond laser single pulse. We also investigated the effect on the diamond lattice induced by the different laser pulse widths from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Interestingly, in spite of the high thermal conductivity of a diamond, we found that there is a suitable pulse repetition rate of several tens kHz for the formation of NV center ensembles by the femtosecond laser pulse irradiation.
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15
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Wang M, Sun H, Ye X, Yu P, Liu H, Zhou J, Wang P, Shi F, Wang Y, Du J. Self-aligned patterning technique for fabricating high-performance diamond sensor arrays with nanoscale precision. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9573. [PMID: 36149948 PMCID: PMC9506708 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient, nanoscale precision alignment of defect center creation in photonics structures in challenges the realization of high-performance photonic devices and quantum technology applications. Here, we propose a facile self-aligned patterning technique based on conventional engineering technology, with doping precision that can reach ~15 nm. We demonstrate this technique by fabricating diamond nanopillar sensor arrays with high consistency and near-optimal photon counts. The sensor array achieves high yield approaching the theoretical limit, and high efficiency for filtering sensors with different numbers of nitrogen vacancy centers. Combined with appropriate crystal orientation, the system achieves a saturated fluorescence rate of 4.34 Mcps and effective fluorescence-dependent detection sensitivity of 1800 cps-1/2 . These sensors also show enhanced spin properties in the isotope-enriched diamond. Our technique is applicable to all similar solid-state systems and could facilitate the development of parallel quantum sensing and scalable information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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16
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Luo XY, Yu Y, Liu JL, Zheng MY, Wang CY, Wang B, Li J, Jiang X, Xie XP, Zhang Q, Bao XH, Pan JW. Postselected Entanglement between Two Atomic Ensembles Separated by 12.5 km. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:050503. [PMID: 35960556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum internet gives the promise of getting all quantum resources connected, and it will enable applications far beyond a localized scenario. A prototype is a network of quantum memories that are entangled and well separated. In this Letter, we report the establishment of postselected entanglement between two atomic quantum memories physically separated by 12.5 km directly. We create atom-photon entanglement in one node and send the photon to a second node for storage via electromagnetically induced transparency. We harness low-loss transmission through a field-deployed fiber of 20.5 km by making use of frequency down-conversion and up-conversion. The final memory-memory entanglement is verified to have a fidelity of 90% via retrieving to photons. Our experiment makes a significant step forward toward the realization of a practical metropolitan-scale quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yu Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Long Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | | | - Chao-Yang Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Xie
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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17
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Optical observation of single spins in silicon. Nature 2022; 607:266-270. [PMID: 35831600 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The global quantum internet will require long-lived, telecommunications-band photon-matter interfaces manufactured at scale1. Preliminary quantum networks based on photon-matter interfaces that meet a subset of these demands are encouraging efforts to identify new high-performance alternatives2. Silicon is an ideal host for commercial-scale solid-state quantum technologies. It is already an advanced platform within the global integrated photonics and microelectronics industries, as well as host to record-setting long-lived spin qubits3. Despite the overwhelming potential of the silicon quantum platform, the optical detection of individually addressable photon-spin interfaces in silicon has remained elusive. In this work, we integrate individually addressable 'T centre' photon-spin qubits in silicon photonic structures and characterize their spin-dependent telecommunications-band optical transitions. These results unlock immediate opportunities to construct silicon-integrated, telecommunications-band quantum information networks.
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18
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Tan XD, Zhang L. Quantum teleportation between the narrow armchair graphene nanoribbons with zigzag ends. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:335604. [PMID: 35679851 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study quantum teleportation between the narrow armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with zigzag ends. Several influences including Coulomb repulsion among electrons, temperature and ribbon length on the output state and teleportation fidelity are discussed in detail. Moreover, we derive the entanglement of the output state and corresponding fidelity as a function of the input and channel entanglement. For practical applications, we also propose a scheme for implementing the single-qubit gates (X, ZandHgates) and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate in GNRs, based on the Bang-Bang control strategy and synchronous step magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Tan
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Hermans SLN, Pompili M, Beukers HKC, Baier S, Borregaard J, Hanson R. Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network. Nature 2022; 605:663-668. [PMID: 35614248 PMCID: PMC9132773 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Future quantum internet applications will derive their power from the ability to share quantum information across the network1,2. Quantum teleportation allows for the reliable transfer of quantum information between distant nodes, even in the presence of highly lossy network connections3. Although many experimental demonstrations have been performed on different quantum network platforms4-10, moving beyond directly connected nodes has, so far, been hindered by the demanding requirements on the pre-shared remote entanglement, joint qubit readout and coherence times. Here we realize quantum teleportation between remote, non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network. The network uses three optically connected nodes based on solid-state spin qubits. The teleporter is prepared by establishing remote entanglement on the two links, followed by entanglement swapping on the middle node and storage in a memory qubit. We demonstrate that, once successful preparation of the teleporter is heralded, arbitrary qubit states can be teleported with fidelity above the classical bound, even with unit efficiency. These results are enabled by key innovations in the qubit readout procedure, active memory qubit protection during entanglement generation and tailored heralding that reduces remote entanglement infidelities. Our work demonstrates a prime building block for future quantum networks and opens the door to exploring teleportation-based multi-node protocols and applications2,11-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L N Hermans
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Pompili
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H K C Beukers
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S Baier
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Borregaard
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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20
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Li B, Cao Y, Li YH, Cai WQ, Liu WY, Ren JG, Liao SK, Wu HN, Li SL, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Yin J, Chen YA, Peng CZ, Pan JW. Quantum State Transfer over 1200 km Assisted by Prior Distributed Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:170501. [PMID: 35570417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance quantum state transfer (QST), which can be achieved with the help of quantum teleportation, is a core element of important quantum protocols. A typical situation for QST based on teleportation is one in which two remote communication partners (Alice and Bob) are far from the entanglement source (Charlie). Because of the atmospheric turbulence, it is challenging to implement the Bell-state measurement after photons propagate in atmospheric channels. In previous long-distance free-space experiments, Alice and Charlie always perform local Bell-state measurement before the entanglement distribution process is completed. Here, by developing a highly stable interferometer to project the photon into a hybrid path-polarization dimension and utilizing the satellite-borne entangled photon source, we demonstrate proof-of-principle QST at the distance of over 1200 km assisted by prior quantum entanglement shared between two distant ground stations with the satellite Micius. The average fidelity of transferred six distinct quantum states is 0.82±0.01, exceeding the classical limit of 2/3 on a single copy of a qubit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Huai Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei-Yue Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Ji-Gang Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui-Nan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Juan Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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21
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Libbi F, de Melo PMMC, Zanolli Z, Verstraete MJ, Marzari N. Phonon-Assisted Luminescence in Defect Centers from Many-Body Perturbation Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167401. [PMID: 35522499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted luminescence is a key property of defect centers in semiconductors, and can be measured to perform the readout of the information stored in a quantum bit, or to detect temperature variations. The investigation of phonon-assisted luminescence usually employs phenomenological models, such as that of Huang and Rhys, with restrictive assumptions that can fail to be predictive. In this work, we predict luminescence and study exciton-phonon couplings within a rigorous many-body perturbation theory framework, an analysis that has never been performed for defect centers. In particular, we study the optical emission of the negatively charged boron vacancy in 2D hexagonal boron nitride, which currently stands out among defect centers in 2D materials thanks to its promise for applications in quantum information and quantum sensing. We show that phonons are responsible for the observed luminescence, which otherwise would be dark due to symmetry. We also show that the symmetry breaking induced by the static Jahn-Teller effect is not able to describe the presence of the experimentally observed peak at 1.5 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Libbi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Miguel M C de Melo
- Chemistry Department, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands
- nanomat/Q-mat/CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zeila Zanolli
- Chemistry Department, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- nanomat/Q-mat/CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Xu G, Zhou T, Chen XB, Wang X. Splitting an Arbitrary Three-Qubit State via a Five-Qubit Cluster State and a Bell State. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24030381. [PMID: 35327892 PMCID: PMC8947329 DOI: 10.3390/e24030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information splitting (QIS) provides an idea for transmitting the quantum state through a classical channel and a preshared quantum entanglement resource. This paper presents a new scheme for QIS based on a five-qubit cluster state and a Bell state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the unknown three-qubit secret state to two agents by the quantum channel with the Bell basis measurement three times and broadcasts the measurement results to the agents through the classical channel. The agent who restores the secret state can successfully recover the initial information to be transmitted through the appropriate unitary operation with the help of the other party. Firstly, our scheme’s process can be accurately realized by performing the applicable Bell basis measurement, single-qubit measurement, and local unitary operation instead of a multiparticle joint measurement. The splitting process of quantum information is realized through a convenient operation. Secondly, compared with some previous schemes, the efficiency of the total scheme has been improved in principle, and the qubit consumption is reduced. Finally, the security of the quantum information splitting scheme is analyzed from the perspectives of external attacks and participant attacks. It is proved that our scheme can effectively resist internal participant attacks and external eavesdropper attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
- Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610025, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (T.Z.); (X.-B.C.)
| | - Tianai Zhou
- Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (T.Z.); (X.-B.C.)
| | - Xiu-Bo Chen
- Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (T.Z.); (X.-B.C.)
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 W6Y4 Dublin, Ireland;
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23
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Abstract
The extraordinary advance in quantum computation leads us to believe that, in the not-too-distant future, quantum systems will surpass classical systems. Moreover, the field’s rapid growth has resulted in the development of many critical tools, including programmable machines (quantum computers) that execute quantum algorithms and the burgeoning field of quantum machine learning, which investigates the possibility of faster computation than traditional machine learning. In this paper, we provide a thorough examination of quantum computing from the perspective of a physicist. The purpose is to give laypeople and scientists a broad but in-depth understanding of the area. We also recommend charts that summarize the field’s diversions to put the whole field into context.
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24
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Bancroft L, Qiu Y, Krzyaniak MD, Wasielewski MR. Effect of the Time Delay between Spin State Preparation and Measurement on Electron Spin Teleportation in a Covalent Donor-Acceptor-Radical System. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:156-160. [PMID: 34962822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated photodriven quantum teleportation of an electron spin state in a covalent donor-acceptor-radical (D-A-R•) system. Following specific spin state preparation on R• with a microwave pulse, photoexcitation of A results in two-step electron transfer producing D•+-A-R-, where the spin state on R• is teleported to D•+. This study examines the effects of varying the time (τD) between spin state preparation and photoinitiated teleportation. Using pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the spin echo of D•+ resulting from teleportation shows a damped oscillation as a function of τD that is simulated using a density matrix model, which provides a fundamental understanding of the echo behavior. Teleportation fidelity calculations also show oscillatory behavior as a function of τD due to the accumulation of a phase factor between ⟨Sx⟩ and ⟨Sy⟩. Understanding experimental parameters intrinsic to quantum teleportation in molecular systems is crucial to leveraging this phenomenon for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bancroft
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yunfan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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25
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Harvey SM, Wasielewski MR. Photogenerated Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs: From Photosynthetic Energy Transduction to Quantum Information Science. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15508-15529. [PMID: 34533930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
More than a half century ago, the NMR spectra of diamagnetic products resulting from radical pair reactions were observed to have strongly enhanced absorptive and emissive resonances. At the same time, photogenerated radical pairs were discovered to exhibit unusual electron paramagnetic resonance spectra that also had such resonances. These non-Boltzmann, spin-polarized spectra were observed in both chemical systems as well as in photosynthetic reaction center proteins following photodriven charge separation. Subsequent studies of these phenomena led to a variety of chemical electron donor-acceptor model systems that provided a broad understanding of the spin dynamics responsible for these spectra. When the distance between the two radicals is restricted, these observations result from the formation of spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs) in which the spin-spin exchange and dipolar interactions between the two unpaired spins play an important role in the spin dynamics. Early on, it was recognized that SCRPs photogenerated by ultrafast electron transfer are entangled spin pairs created in a well-defined spin state. These SCRPs can serve as spin qubit pairs (SQPs), whose spin dynamics can be manipulated to study a wide variety of quantum phenomena intrinsic to the field of quantum information science. This Perspective highlights the role of SCRPs as SQPs, gives examples of possible quantum manipulations using SQPs, and provides some thoughts on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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26
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Luo YH, Chen MC, Erhard M, Zhong HS, Wu D, Tang HY, Zhao Q, Wang XL, Fujii K, Li L, Liu NL, Nemoto K, Munro WJ, Lu CY, Zeilinger A, Pan JW. Quantum teleportation of physical qubits into logical code spaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026250118. [PMID: 34479998 PMCID: PMC8433538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum error correction is an essential tool for reliably performing tasks for processing quantum information on a large scale. However, integration into quantum circuits to achieve these tasks is problematic when one realizes that nontransverse operations, which are essential for universal quantum computation, lead to the spread of errors. Quantum gate teleportation has been proposed as an elegant solution for this. Here, one replaces these fragile, nontransverse inline gates with the generation of specific, highly entangled offline resource states that can be teleported into the circuit to implement the nontransverse gate. As the first important step, we create a maximally entangled state between a physical and an error-correctable logical qubit and use it as a teleportation resource. We then demonstrate the teleportation of quantum information encoded on the physical qubit into the error-corrected logical qubit with fidelities up to 0.786. Our scheme can be designed to be fully fault tolerant so that it can be used in future large-scale quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao-Yang Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kae Nemoto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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27
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Lipka-Bartosik P, Skrzypczyk P. Catalytic Quantum Teleportation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:080502. [PMID: 34477432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we address fundamental limitations of quantum teleportation-the process of transferring quantum information using classical communication and preshared entanglement. We develop a new teleportation protocol based upon the idea of using ancillary entanglement catalytically, i.e., without depleting it. This protocol is then used to show that catalytic entanglement allows for a noiseless quantum channel to be simulated with a quality that could never be achieved using only entanglement from the shared state, even for catalysts with a small dimension. On the one hand, this allows for a more faithful transmission of quantum information using generic states and fixed amount of consumed entanglement. On the other hand, this shows, for the first time, that entanglement catalysis provides a genuine advantage in a generic quantum-information processing task. Finally, we show that similar ideas can be directly applied to study quantum catalysis for more general problems in quantum mechanics. As an application, we show that catalysts can activate so-called passive states, a concept that finds widespread application, e.g., in quantum thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipka-Bartosik
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Skrzypczyk
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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28
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Room-temperature control and electrical readout of individual nitrogen-vacancy nuclear spins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4421. [PMID: 34285223 PMCID: PMC8292375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spins in semiconductors are leading candidates for future quantum technologies, including quantum computation, communication, and sensing. Nuclear spins in diamond are particularly attractive due to their long coherence time. With the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre, such nuclear qubits benefit from an auxiliary electronic qubit, which, at cryogenic temperatures, enables probabilistic entanglement mediated optically by photonic links. Here, we demonstrate a concept of a microelectronic quantum device at ambient conditions using diamond as wide bandgap semiconductor. The basic quantum processor unit – a single 14N nuclear spin coupled to the NV electron – is read photoelectrically and thus operates in a manner compatible with nanoscale electronics. The underlying theory provides the key ingredients for photoelectric quantum gate operations and readout of nuclear qubit registers. This demonstration is, therefore, a step towards diamond quantum devices with a readout area limited by inter-electrode distance rather than by the diffraction limit. Such scalability could enable the development of electronic quantum processors based on the dipolar interaction of spin-qubits placed at nanoscopic proximity. Nuclear spins in diamond are promising for applications in quantum technologies due to their long coherence times. Here, the authors demonstrate a scalable electrical readout of individual intrinsic 14N nuclear spins in diamond, mediated by hyperfine coupling to electron spin of the NV center, as a step towards room-temperature nanoscale diamond quantum devices.
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29
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Chen MC, Li Y, Liu RZ, Wu D, Su ZE, Wang XL, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Pan JW. Directly Measuring a Multiparticle Quantum Wave Function via Quantum Teleportation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:030402. [PMID: 34328769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to directly measure a general multiparticle quantum wave function, a single matrix element in a multi-particle density matrix, by quantum teleportation. The density matrix element is embedded in a virtual logical qubit and is nondestructively teleported to a single physical qubit for readout. We experimentally implement this method to directly measure the wave function of a photonic mixed quantum state beyond a single photon using a single observable for the first time. Our method also provides an exponential advantage over the standard quantum state tomography in measurement complexity to fully characterize a sparse multiparticle quantum state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Run-Ze Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zu-En Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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30
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Entanglement of dark electron-nuclear spin defects in diamond. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3470. [PMID: 34108455 PMCID: PMC8190113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising approach for multi-qubit quantum registers is to use optically addressable spins to control multiple dark electron-spin defects in the environment. While recent experiments have observed signatures of coherent interactions with such dark spins, it is an open challenge to realize the individual control required for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the heralded initialisation, control and entanglement of individual dark spins associated to multiple P1 centers, which are part of a spin bath surrounding a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. We realize projective measurements to prepare the multiple degrees of freedom of P1 centers-their Jahn-Teller axis, nuclear spin and charge state-and exploit these to selectively access multiple P1s in the bath. We develop control and single-shot readout of the nuclear and electron spin, and use this to demonstrate an entangled state of two P1 centers. These results provide a proof-of-principle towards using dark electron-nuclear spin defects as qubits for quantum sensing, computation and networks.
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31
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Jadot B, Mortemousque PA, Chanrion E, Thiney V, Ludwig A, Wieck AD, Urdampilleta M, Bäuerle C, Meunier T. Distant spin entanglement via fast and coherent electron shuttling. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:570-575. [PMID: 33589811 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for large-scale quantum computing, networked quantum computers offer a natural path towards scalability. While recent experiments have demonstrated nearest neighbour entanglement for electron spin qubits in semiconductors, on-chip long-distance entanglement could bring more versatility to connect quantum core units. Here, we employ the moving trapping potential of a surface acoustic wave to realize the controlled and coherent transfer of a pair of entangled electron spins between two distant quantum dots. The subsequent electron displacement induces coherent spin rotations, which drives spin quantum interferences. We observe high-contrast interference as a signature of the preservation of the entanglement all along the displacement procedure, which includes a separation of the two spins by a distance of 6 μm. This work opens the route towards fast on-chip deterministic interconnection of remote quantum bits in semiconductor quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Jadot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Emmanuel Chanrion
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Vivien Thiney
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matias Urdampilleta
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Christopher Bäuerle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Meunier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France.
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32
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Sellapillay K, Verga AD. Quantum walk on a graph of spins: Magnetism and entanglement. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032123. [PMID: 33862687 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a model of a quantum walk on a graph in which a particle jumps between neighboring nodes and interacts with independent spins sitting on the edges. Entanglement propagates with the walker. We apply this model to the case of a one-dimensional lattice to investigate its magnetic and entanglement properties. In the continuum limit, we recover a Landau-Lifshitz equation that describes the precession of spins. A rich dynamics is observed, with regimes of particle propagation and localization, together with spin oscillations and relaxation. Entanglement of the asymptotic states follows a volume law for most parameters (the coin rotation angle and the particle-spin coupling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevissen Sellapillay
- Aix-Marseille Université, CPT, Campus de Luminy, case 907, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Alberto D Verga
- Aix-Marseille Université, CPT, Campus de Luminy, case 907, 13288 Marseille, France
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33
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Sun X, Tian Y, Li W, Tian L, Yu X, Zhang J, Zheng Y. Controllable continuous variable quantum state distributor. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1844-1847. [PMID: 33857087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To scale quantum information processing, quantum state distributors are an indispensable technology in quantum networks. We present a universal scheme of a continuous variable quantum state distributor that performs point-to-multipoint distributions via quantum teleportation with partially disembodied transport. The fidelity of the state at the output nodes can be conveniently manipulated as needed by engineering the correlation noise of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) beam. For a 1→2 distributor, controllable distributions were demonstrated by manipulating the squeezing factor of EPR entanglement. The fidelities of the two receivers gradually changed from (2/3, 2/3) to (0.95, 0.17) corresponding to the transition from symmetric to asymmetric quantum cloning.
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34
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Langenfeld S, Welte S, Hartung L, Daiss S, Thomas P, Morin O, Distante E, Rempe G. Quantum Teleportation between Remote Qubit Memories with Only a Single Photon as a Resource. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:130502. [PMID: 33861090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum teleportation enables the deterministic exchange of qubits via lossy channels. While it is commonly believed that unconditional teleportation requires a preshared entangled qubit pair, here we demonstrate a protocol that is in principle unconditional and requires only a single photon as an ex-ante prepared resource. The photon successively interacts, first, with the receiver and then with the sender qubit memory. Its detection, followed by classical communication, heralds a successful teleportation. We teleport six mutually unbiased qubit states with average fidelity F[over ¯]=(88.3±1.3)% at a rate of 6 Hz over 60 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Langenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Welte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hartung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Severin Daiss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philip Thomas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olivier Morin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emanuele Distante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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35
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High-fidelity single-shot readout of single electron spin in diamond with spin-to-charge conversion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1529. [PMID: 33750779 PMCID: PMC7943573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High fidelity single-shot readout of qubits is a crucial component for fault-tolerant quantum computing and scalable quantum networks. In recent years, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has risen as a leading platform for the above applications. The current single-shot readout of the NV electron spin relies on resonance fluorescence method at cryogenic temperature. However, the spin-flip process interrupts the optical cycling transition, therefore, limits the readout fidelity. Here, we introduce a spin-to-charge conversion method assisted by near-infrared (NIR) light to suppress the spin-flip error. This method leverages high spin-selectivity of cryogenic resonance excitation and flexibility of photoionization. We achieve an overall fidelity > 95% for the single-shot readout of an NV center electron spin in the presence of high strain and fast spin-flip process. With further improvements, this technique has the potential to achieve spin readout fidelity exceeding the fault-tolerant threshold, and may also find applications on integrated optoelectronic devices. The NV centre in diamond has been used extensively in quantum information processing; however fault-tolerant readout of its spin remains challenging. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate a robust scheme that achieves high-fidelity readout via spin to charge conversion.
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36
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Huang HL, Narożniak M, Liang F, Zhao Y, Castellano AD, Gong M, Wu Y, Wang S, Lin J, Xu Y, Deng H, Rong H, Dowling JP, Peng CZ, Byrnes T, Zhu X, Pan JW. Emulating Quantum Teleportation of a Majorana Zero Mode Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:090502. [PMID: 33750174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Topological quantum computation based on anyons is a promising approach to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. The Majorana zero modes in the Kitaev chain are an example of non-Abelian anyons where braiding operations can be used to perform quantum gates. Here we perform a quantum simulation of topological quantum computing, by teleporting a qubit encoded in the Majorana zero modes of a Kitaev chain. The quantum simulation is performed by mapping the Kitaev chain to its equivalent spin version and realizing the ground states in a superconducting quantum processor. The teleportation transfers the quantum state encoded in the spin-mapped version of the Majorana zero mode states between two Kitaev chains. The teleportation circuit is realized using only braiding operations and can be achieved despite being restricted to Clifford gates for the Ising anyons. The Majorana encoding is a quantum error detecting code for phase-flip errors, which is used to improve the average fidelity of the teleportation for six distinct states from 70.76±0.35% to 84.60±0.11%, well beyond the classical bound in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Liang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Marek Narożniak
- New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Futian Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Youwei Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Anthony D Castellano
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jonathan P Dowling
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Tim Byrnes
- New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physical and Material Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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37
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Bayliss SL, Laorenza DW, Mintun PJ, Kovos BD, Freedman DE, Awschalom DD. Optically addressable molecular spins for quantum information processing. Science 2020; 370:1309-1312. [PMID: 33184235 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin-bearing molecules are promising building blocks for quantum technologies as they can be chemically tuned, assembled into scalable arrays, and readily incorporated into diverse device architectures. In molecular systems, optically addressing ground-state spins would enable a wide range of applications in quantum information science, as has been demonstrated for solid-state defects. However, this important functionality has remained elusive for molecules. Here, we demonstrate such optical addressability in a series of synthesized organometallic, chromium(IV) molecules. These compounds display a ground-state spin that can be initialized and read out using light and coherently manipulated with microwaves. In addition, through atomistic modification of the molecular structure, we vary the spin and optical properties of these compounds, indicating promise for designer quantum systems synthesized from the bottom-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Bayliss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D W Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - P J Mintun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - B D Kovos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - D D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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38
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Chen S, Raha M, Phenicie CM, Ourari S, Thompson JD. Parallel single-shot measurement and coherent control of solid-state spins below the diffraction limit. Science 2020; 370:592-595. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mouktik Raha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Salim Ourari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jeff D. Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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39
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Orbital angular momentum multiplexed deterministic all-optical quantum teleportation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3875. [PMID: 32747624 PMCID: PMC7400545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum teleportation is one of the most essential protocol in quantum information. In addition to increasing the scale of teleportation distance, improving its information transmission capacity is also vital importance for its practical applications. Recently, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted wide attention as an important degree of freedom for realizing multiplexing to increase information transmission capacity. Here we show that by utilizing the OAM multiplexed continuous variable entanglement, 9 OAM multiplexed channels of parallel all-optical quantum teleportation can be deterministically established in experiment. More importantly, our parallel all-optical quantum teleportation scheme can teleport OAM-superposition-mode coded coherent state, which demonstrates the teleportation of more than one optical mode with fidelity beating the classical limit and thus ensures the increase of information transmission capacity. Our results open the avenue for deterministically implementing parallel quantum communication protocols and provide a promising paradigm for constructing high-capacity all-optical quantum communication networks.
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40
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Suta M, Lavoie‐Cardinal F, Wickleder C. Unterschätzte Farbzentren: Defekte als nützliche Reduktionsmittel in Lanthanid‐dotierten lumineszenten Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Suta
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht University Princetonplein 1 3584 CC Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Flavie Lavoie‐Cardinal
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: CERVO Brain Research Center 2601 de la Canardière Québec QC GIJ 2G3 Kanada
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Anorganische ChemieDepartment für ChemieNaturwissenschaftlich-Technische FakultätUniversität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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41
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Suta M, Lavoie‐Cardinal F, Wickleder C. Underestimated Color Centers: Defects as Useful Reducing Agents in Lanthanide-Activated Luminescent Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10949-10954. [PMID: 32147942 PMCID: PMC7318186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic hosts, such as SrB4 O7 or certain nitrides, intrinsically stabilize Eu2+ even when the dopant is an Eu3+ -based precursor and reducing conditions are not employed in the synthesis. Although this concept is well known in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials, the mechanistic details are scarcely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that trapped charge carriers, such as color centers, can also act as redox partners to stabilize certain oxidation states of activators. Eu-activated CsMgCl3 and CsMgBr3 are used as examples. Upon doping with EuCl3 and in the absence of reducing conditions during the synthesis, dominant cyan or green luminescence from Eu2+ ions was observed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K revealed that the reduction is correlated to color centers localized at defects. Although defects are typically undesired in phosphors, we have shown that their role may be underestimated and they could be used on purpose in the preparation of selected inorganic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Suta
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
- Current address: Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 13584 CCUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Flavie Lavoie‐Cardinal
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
- Current address: CERVO Brain Research Center2601 de la CanardièreQuébecQCGIJ 2G3Canada
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 257068SiegenGermany
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42
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Abstract
Among the different platforms for quantum information processing, individual electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots stand out for their long coherence times and potential for scalable fabrication. The past years have witnessed substantial progress in the capabilities of spin qubits. However, coupling between distant electron spins, which is required for quantum error correction, presents a challenge, and this goal remains the focus of intense research. Quantum teleportation is a canonical method to transmit qubit states, but it has not been implemented in quantum-dot spin qubits. Here, we present evidence for quantum teleportation of electron spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. Although we have not performed quantum state tomography to definitively assess the teleportation fidelity, our data are consistent with conditional teleportation of spin eigenstates, entanglement swapping, and gate teleportation. Such evidence for all-matter spin-state teleportation underscores the capabilities of exchange-coupled spin qubits for quantum-information transfer. Despite recent demonstrations of coherent spin-state transfer in arrays of spin qubits via exchange interaction, all-matter spin-state teleportation is still out of reach. Here the authors provide evidence for conditional teleportation of quantum-dot spin states, entanglement swapping, and gate teleportation.
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43
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Identification of networking quantum teleportation on 14-qubit IBM universal quantum computer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3093. [PMID: 32080312 PMCID: PMC7033242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum teleportation enables networking participants to move an unknown quantum state between the nodes of a quantum network, and hence constitutes an essential element in constructing large-sale quantum processors with a quantum modular architecture. Herein, we propose two protocols for teleporting qubits through an N-node quantum network in a highly-entangled box-cluster state or chain-type cluster state. The proposed protocols are systematically scalable to an arbitrary finite number N and applicable to arbitrary size of modules. The protocol based on a box-cluster state is implemented on a 14-qubit IBM quantum computer for N up to 12. To identify faithful networking teleportation, namely that the elements on real devices required for the networking teleportation process are all qualified for achieving teleportation task, we quantify quantum-mechanical processes using a generic classical-process model through which any classical strategies of mimicry of teleportation can be ruled out. From the viewpoint of achieving a genuinely quantum-mechanical process, the present work provides a novel toolbox consisting of the networking teleportation protocols and the criteria for identifying faithful teleportation for universal quantum computers with modular architectures and facilitates further improvements in the reliability of quantum-information processing.
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44
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Anderson CP, Bourassa A, Miao KC, Wolfowicz G, Mintun PJ, Crook AL, Abe H, Ul Hassan J, Son NT, Ohshima T, Awschalom DD. Electrical and optical control of single spins integrated in scalable semiconductor devices. Science 2019; 366:1225-1230. [PMID: 31806809 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spin defects in silicon carbide have the advantage of exceptional electron spin coherence combined with a near-infrared spin-photon interface, all in a material amenable to modern semiconductor fabrication. Leveraging these advantages, we integrated highly coherent single neutral divacancy spins in commercially available p-i-n structures and fabricated diodes to modulate the local electrical environment of the defects. These devices enable deterministic charge-state control and broad Stark-shift tuning exceeding 850 gigahertz. We show that charge depletion results in a narrowing of the optical linewidths by more than 50-fold, approaching the lifetime limit. These results demonstrate a method for mitigating the ubiquitous problem of spectral diffusion in solid-state emitters by engineering the electrical environment while using classical semiconductor devices to control scalable, spin-based quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Anderson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre Bourassa
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin C Miao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gary Wolfowicz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter J Mintun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander L Crook
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Jawad Ul Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nguyen T Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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45
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Abstract
The generation of certifiable randomness is one of the most promising applications of quantum technologies. Furthermore, the intrinsic non-locality of quantum correlations allow us to certify randomness in a device-independent way, i.e., we do not need to make assumptions about the devices used. Due to the work of Curchod et al. a single entangled two-qubit pure state can be used to produce arbitrary amounts of certified randomness. However, the obtaining of this randomness is experimentally challenging as it requires a large number of measurements, both projective and general. Motivated by these difficulties in the device-independent setting, we instead consider the scenario of one-sided device independence where certain devices are trusted, and others are not; a scenario motivated by asymmetric experimental set-ups such as ion-photon networks. We show how certain aspects of previous works can be adapted to this scenario and provide theoretical bounds on the amount of randomness that can be certified. Furthermore, we give a protocol for unbounded randomness certification in this scenario, and provide numerical results demonstrating the protocol in the ideal case. Finally, we numerically test the possibility of implementing this scheme on near-term quantum technologies, by considering the performance of the protocol on several physical platforms.
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46
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Yang M, Yuan Q, Gao J, Shu S, Chen F, Sun H, Nishimura K, Wang S, Yi J, Lin CT, Jiang N. A Diamond Temperature Sensor Based on the Energy Level Shift of Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111576. [PMID: 31703273 PMCID: PMC6915693 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond has been widely investigated in quantum information and quantum biosensors due to its excellent photon emission stability and long spin coherence time. However, the temperature dependence of the energy level of NV color centers in diamond is different from other semiconductors with the same diamond cubic structure for the high Debye temperature and very small thermal expansion coefficient of diamond. In this work, a diamond sensor for temperature measurement with high precision was fabricated based on the investigation of the energy level shifts of NV centers by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that the intensity and linewidth of the zero-phonon line of NV centers highly depend on the environmental temperature, and the energy level shifts of NV centers in diamond follow the modified Varshni model very well, a model which is better than the traditional version. Accordingly, the NV color center shows the ability in temperature measurement with a high accuracy of up to 98%. The high dependence of NV centers on environmental temperature shows the possibility of temperature monitoring of NV center-based quantum sensors in biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (C.-T.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengcheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- College of Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 10463, China
| | - Huifang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Kazuhito Nishimura
- Advanced Nano-processing Engineering Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan;
| | - Shaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (C.-T.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (M.Y.); (J.G.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (H.S.); (S.W.); (J.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (C.-T.L.); (N.J.)
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47
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Nguyen CT, Sukachev DD, Bhaskar MK, Machielse B, Levonian DS, Knall EN, Stroganov P, Riedinger R, Park H, Lončar M, Lukin MD. Quantum Network Nodes Based on Diamond Qubits with an Efficient Nanophotonic Interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:183602. [PMID: 31763904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum networks require functional nodes consisting of stationary registers with the capability of high-fidelity quantum processing and storage, which efficiently interface with photons propagating in an optical fiber. We report a significant step towards realization of such nodes using a diamond nanocavity with an embedded silicon-vacancy (SiV) color center and a proximal nuclear spin. Specifically, we show that efficient SiV-cavity coupling (with cooperativity C>30) provides a nearly deterministic interface between photons and the electron spin memory, featuring coherence times exceeding 1 ms. Employing coherent microwave control, we demonstrate heralded single photon storage in the long-lived spin memory as well as a universal control over a cavity-coupled two-qubit register consisting of a SiV and a proximal ^{13}C nuclear spin with nearly second-long coherence time, laying the groundwork for implementing quantum repeaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D D Sukachev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D S Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E N Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Stroganov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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48
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Rugg BK, Krzyaniak MD, Phelan BT, Ratner MA, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven quantum teleportation of an electron spin state in a covalent donor–acceptor–radical system. Nat Chem 2019; 11:981-986. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Luo YH, Zhong HS, Erhard M, Wang XL, Peng LC, Krenn M, Jiang X, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Zeilinger A, Pan JW. Quantum Teleportation in High Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:070505. [PMID: 31491117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum teleportation allows a "disembodied" transmission of unknown quantum states between distant quantum systems. Yet, all teleportation experiments to date were limited to a two-dimensional subspace of quantized multiple levels of the quantum systems. Here, we propose a scheme for teleportation of arbitrarily high-dimensional photonic quantum states and demonstrate an example of teleporting a qutrit. Measurements over a complete set of 12 qutrit states in mutually unbiased bases yield a teleportation fidelity of 0.75(1), which is well above both the optimal single-copy qutrit state-estimation limit of 1/2 and maximal qubit-qutrit overlap of 2/3, thus confirming a genuine and nonclassical three-dimensional teleportation. Our work will enable advanced quantum technologies in high dimensions, since teleportation plays a central role in quantum repeaters and quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mario Krenn
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China
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50
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Chang IY, Hyeon-Deuk K. Ultrafast Orbital Depolarization and Defect-Localized Phonon Dynamics Induced by Quantum Resonance between Multi-Nitrogen Vacancy Defects. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4644-4651. [PMID: 31365265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proximate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects with interdefect interaction may establish a new kind of quantum qubit network to explore controlled multibody quantum dynamics. In particular, by introducing the critical distance and favorable orientation between a pair of NV defects, the quantum resonance (QR) can be induced. Here, we present the first real-time depolarization and phonon dynamics on the excited state at ambient temperature which are intrinsic to the proximate multi-NV defects. We computationally demonstrate that the QR can effectively change the major properties of the multi-NV defects, such as orbital degeneracy, orbital delocalization, local phonon modes, electron-phonon coupling, and orbital depolarization dynamics, elucidating the physical mechanisms and finding the key factors to control them. The physical insights provide a starting point for the positioning accuracy of NV defects and creation protocols with broad implications for magnetometry, quantum information, nanophotonics, sensing, and spectroscopy, allowing the QR to be a new means of physical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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