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Song M, McDaniel MD, Zhu C, Lin F, Zhang Y. Prescribed fire alters nematode communities in an old‐field grassland. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9977. [PMID: 37013101 PMCID: PMC10065976 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire is a common disturbance in many biomes, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on soil biology, which largely depend on fire intensity. However, little is known about the impact of fire on soil nematode communities in terrestrial ecosystem. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short‐term prescribed fire on soil nematode communities and soil properties in an old‐field grassland in Northern China. The results showed that burning significantly increased soil nematode abundance by 77% and genus richness by 49% compared to the control. Burning also decreased taxon dominance by 45% (Simpson's D) and increased nematode diversity by 31% (Shannon‐Weaver H'). However, burning increased plant parasites (particularly genera Cephalenchus and Pratylenchus) and shifted community to more bacterial‐feeding genera (i.e., decreased Channel Index). Generally, burning increased soil bio‐available nitrogen (NH4+–N and NO3−–N) content, which would be the main drivers causing nematode community to flourish via a “bottom‐up” effect. These results suggest that prescribed fire increases nematode diversity and alters community composition toward more plant parasites and bacterial feeders. Our findings highlight the importance of prescribed fire management in shaping short‐term nematode community structure and function, but the long‐term effects and impacts of these changes on soil nutrient and carbon cycling remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | | | - Chen Zhu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Environmental EngineeringNanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjingJiangsu211167China
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
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Kuzmina D, Lim AG, Loiko SV, Pokrovsky OS. Experimental assessment of tundra fire impact on element export and storage in permafrost peatlands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158701. [PMID: 36108862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have been performed on wildfire impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the taiga biome, however consequences of wildfires in the tundra biome remain poorly understood. In such a biome, permafrost peatlands occupy a sizable territory in the Northern Hemisphere and present an extensive and highly vulnerable storage of organic carbon. Here we used an experimental approach to model the impact of ash produced from burning of main tundra organic constituents (i.e., moss, lichen and peat) on surrounding aquatic ecosystems. We studied the chemical composition of aqueous leachates produced during short-term (1 week) interaction of ash with distilled water and organic-rich lake water at 5 gsolid L-1 and 20 °C. The addition of ash enriched the fluid phase in major cations (i.e., Na, Ca, Mg), macro- (i.e., P, K, Si) and micronutrients (i.e., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mo). This enrichment occurred over <2 days of experiment. Among 3 studied substrates, moss ash released the largest amount of macro- and micro-components into the aqueous solution. To place the obtained results in the environmental context of a peatbog watershed, we assume a fire return interval of 56 years and that the entire 0-10 cm of upper peat is subjected to fire impact. These mass balance calculations demonstrated that maximal possible delivery of elements from ash after soil burning to the hydrological network is negligibly small (<1-2 %) compared to the annual riverine export flux and element storage in thermokarst lakes. As such, even a 5-10 fold increase in tundra wildfire frequency may not sizably modify nutrient and metal fluxes and pools in the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. This result requires revisiting the current paradigm on the importance of wildfire impact on permafrost peatlands and calls a need for experimental work on other ecosystem compartments (litter, shrubs, frozen peat) which are subjected to fire events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kuzmina
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 av. Lenina, Tomsk 634004, Russia
| | - Artem G Lim
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 av. Lenina, Tomsk 634004, Russia
| | - Sergey V Loiko
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 36 av. Lenina, Tomsk 634004, Russia
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- GET UMR 5563 CNRS University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; N Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 23 Nab Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia.
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Novak L, Scholl JP, Kiefer G, Iler AM. Prescribed burning has limited effects on the population dynamics of rare plants. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Novak
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Joshua P. Scholl
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Gretel Kiefer
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Amy M. Iler
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
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Zhao S, Zhang B, Sun X, Yang L. Hot spots and hot moments of nitrogen removal from hyporheic and riparian zones: A review. Sci Total Environ 2021; 762:144168. [PMID: 33360457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Earth is experiencing excessive nitrogen (N) input to its various ecosystems due to human activities. How to effectively and efficiently remove N from ecosystems has been, is and will be at the center of attention in N research. Hyporheic and riparian zones are widely acknowledged for their buffering capacity to reduce contaminants (especially N) transport downstream. However, these zones are usually misunderstood that they can remove N at all spots and at any moments. Here pathways of N removal from hyporheic and riparian zones are reviewed and summarized with an emphasize on their hot spots and hot moments. N is biogeochemically removed by denitrification, anammox, nitrifier denitrification, denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation, Feammox and Sulfammox. Hot moments of N removal are mainly triggered by precipitation, fire and snowmelt. Finally, some research needs are outlined and discussed, such as developing approaches for multiscale sampling and monitoring, quantifying the effects of hot spots and hot moments at hyporheic and riparian zones and evaluating the impacts of human activities on hot spots and hot moments, to inspire more research on hot spots and hot moments of N removal. By this review, we hope to bring awareness of the heterogeneity of hyporheic and riparian zones to catchment managers and policy makers when tackling N pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Baoju Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Leimin Yang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, China
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Abstract
Naturally occurring fires have been shaping landscapes long before mankind existed. Presumably, it is an early observation that in some habitats, fire is crucial to maintaining species diversity and for the rejuvenation of the vegetation, and so early settled farmers might have started to take advantage of the controlled burning of a desired area. The heat of fire is essential to break the dormancy of many fire ephemerals and for the seed release of some serotinous or woody taxa. Besides the physical effects caused by the heat on seeds, smoke and burnt organic material contain chemical cues that regulate the germination of seeds and the early development of seedlings. The scientific community really started to reveal the secrets of these enigmatic components from the early 1990s, although there are still a number of questions to be answered. In this review, we briefly introduce the path which leads to our current knowledge on smoke-derived compounds and their enormous effects on plant life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Soós
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Norbert Incze
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ervin Balázs
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Honorary Research Fellow at the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Goodridge BM, Hanan EJ, Aguilera R, Wetherley EB, Chen Y, D’antonio CM, Melack JM. Retention of Nitrogen Following Wildfire in a Chaparral Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2018; 21:1608-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hanan EJ, D’antonio CM, Roberts DA, Schimel JP. Factors Regulating Nitrogen Retention During the Early Stages of Recovery from Fire in Coastal Chaparral Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2016; 19:910-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-9975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kurth VJ, Hart SC, Ross CS, Kaye JP, Fulé PZ. Stand-replacing wildfires increase nitrification for decades in southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Oecologia 2014; 175:395-407. [PMID: 24549939 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-2906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stand-replacing wildfires are a novel disturbance within ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the southwestern United States, and they can convert forests to grasslands or shrublands for decades. While most research shows that soil inorganic N pools and fluxes return to pre-fire levels within a few years, we wondered if vegetation conversion (ponderosa pine to bunchgrass) following stand-replacing fires might be accompanied by a long-term shift in N cycling processes. Using a 34-year stand-replacing wildfire chronosequence with paired, adjacent unburned patches, we examined the long-term dynamics of net and gross nitrogen (N) transformations. We hypothesized that N availability in burned patches would become more similar to those in unburned patches over time after fire as these areas become re-vegetated. Burned patches had higher net and gross nitrification rates than unburned patches (P < 0.01 for both), and nitrification accounted for a greater proportion of N mineralization in burned patches for both net (P < 0.01) and gross (P < 0.04) N transformation measurements. However, trends with time-after-fire were not observed for any other variables. Our findings contrast with previous work, which suggested that high nitrification rates are a short-term response to disturbance. Furthermore, high nitrification rates at our site were not simply correlated with the presence of herbaceous vegetation. Instead, we suggest that stand-replacing wildfire triggers a shift in N cycling that is maintained for at least three decades by various factors, including a shift from a woody to an herbaceous ecosystem and the presence of fire-deposited charcoal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Kurth
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5018, USA,
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Huber E, Bell TL, Adams MA. Combustion influences on natural abundance nitrogen isotope ratio in soil and plants following a wildfire in a sub-alpine ecosystem. Oecologia 2013; 173:1063-74. [PMID: 23649752 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This before-and-after-impact study uses the natural abundance N isotope ratio (δ(15)N) to investigate the effects of a wildfire on sub-alpine ecosystem properties and processes. We measured the (15)N signatures of soil, charred organic material, ash and foliage in three sub-alpine plant communities (grassland, heathland and woodland) in south-eastern Australia. Surface bulk soil was temporarily enriched in (15)N immediately after wildfire compared to charred organic material and ash in all plant communities. We associated the enrichment of bulk soil with fractionation of N during combustion and volatilization of N, a process that also explains the sequential enrichment of (15)N of unburnt leaves > ash > charred organic material in relation to duration and intensity of heating. The rapid decline in (15)N of bulk soil to pre-fire values indicates that depleted ash, containing considerable amounts of total N, was readily incorporated into the soil. Foliar δ(15)N also increased with values peaking 1 year post-fire. Foliar enrichment was foremost coupled with the release of enriched NH4(+) into the soil owing to isotopic discrimination during volatilization of soluble N and combustion of organic material. The mode of post-fire regeneration influenced foliar (15)N enrichment in two species indicating use of different sources of N following fire. The use of natural abundance of (15)N in soil, ash and foliage as a means of tracing transformation of N during wildfire has established the importance of combustion products as an important, albeit temporary source of inorganic N for plants regenerating after wildfire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Huber
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia,
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Koyama A, Kavanagh KL, Stephan K. Wildfire Effects on Soil Gross Nitrogen Transformation Rates in Coniferous Forests of Central Idaho, USA. Ecosystems 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-010-9377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Smithwick EAH, Turner MG, Mack MC, Chapin FS. Postfire Soil N Cycling in Northern Conifer Forests Affected by Severe, Stand-Replacing Wildfires. Ecosystems 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-004-0097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Santos A, Silva G, Miranda H, Miranda A, Lloyd J. Effects of fire on surface carbon, energy and water vapour fluxes over campo sujo
savanna in central Brazil. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Freifelder RR, Vitousek PM, D'Antonio CM. Microclimate Change and Effect on Fire Following Forest-Grass Conversion in Seasonally Dry Tropical Woodland1. Biotropica 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Overby ST, Perry HM. Direct effects of prescribed fire on available nitrogen and phosphorus in an Arizona chaparral watershed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/15324989609381449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tyler CM, D' Antonio CM. The effects of neighbors on the growth and survival of shrub seedlings following fire. Oecologia 1995; 102:255-64. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00333258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/1994] [Accepted: 01/05/1995] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Christensen NL. The Effects of Fire on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Mediterranean-Climate Shrublands. In: Moreno JM, Oechel WC, editors. The Role of Fire in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. New York: Springer; 1994. pp. 79-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8395-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Trabaud L. The effect of fire on nutrient losses and cycling in aQuercus coccifera garrigue (southern France). Oecologia 1994; 99:379-386. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00627752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/1994] [Accepted: 06/12/1994] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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D'antonio CM, Odion DC, Tyler CM. Invasion of maritime chaparral by the introduced succulentCarpobrotus edulis: The roles of fire and herbivory. Oecologia 1993; 95:14-21. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00649501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/1993] [Accepted: 03/05/1993] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Davis FW, Borchert MI, Odion DC. Establishment of microscale vegetation pattern in maritime chaparral after fire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989; 84:53-67. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00054665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Westman WE. Plant Community Structure — Spatial Partitioning of Resources. In: Kruger FJ, Mitchell DT, Jarvis JUM, editors. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1983. pp. 417-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68935-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Dehydrogenase activity, cellulose decomposition, nitrification, and CO2 release were measured for 2 years to estimate the effects of a wildfire over a phryganic ecosystem. In decomposers' subsystem we found that fire mainly affected the nitrification process during the whole period, and soil respiration for the second post-fire year, when compared with the control site. Our data suggest that after 3-4 months the activity of microbial decomposers is almost the same at the two sites, suggesting that fire is not a catastrophic event, but a simple perturbation common to Mediterranean-type ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki
- Laboratory of Ecology, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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St. John TV, Rundel PW. The role of fire as a mineralizing agent in a Sierran coniferous forest. Oecologia 1976; 25:35-45. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00345032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/1976] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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