1
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Cramer L, Larson A, Daniels AS, Sykes ECH, Gellman AJ. Molecular Origins of Chiral Amplification on an Achiral Surface: 2D Monolayers of Aspartic Acid on Cu(111). ACS NANO 2023; 17:5799-5807. [PMID: 36877997 PMCID: PMC10062026 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated an intriguing phenomenon in which adsorption of a nonracemic mixture of aspartic acid (Asp) enantiomers onto an achiral Cu(111) metal surface leads to autoamplification of surface enantiomeric excess, ees, to values well above those of the impinging gas mixtures, eeg. This is particularly interesting because it demonstrates that a slightly nonracemic mixture of enantiomers can be further purified simply by adsorption onto an achiral surface. In this work, we seek a deeper understanding of this phenomena and apply scanning tunneling microscopy to image the overlayer structures formed by mixed monolayers of d- and l-Asp on Cu(111) over the full range of surface enantiomeric excess; ees = -1 (pure l-Asp) through ees = 0 (racemic dl-Asp) to ees = 1 (pure d-Asp). Both enantiomers of three chiral monolayer structures are observed. One is a conglomerate (enantiomerically pure), another is a racemate (equimolar mixture of d- and l-Asp); however, the third structure accommodates both enantiomers in a 2:1 ratio. Such solid phases of enantiomer mixtures with nonracemic composition are rare in 3D crystals of enantiomers. We argue that, in 2D, the formation of chiral defects in a lattice of one enantiomer is easier than in 3D, simply because the stress associated with the chiral defect in a 2D monolayer of the opposite enantiomer can be dissipated by strain into the space above the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
A. Cramer
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Amanda Larson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Avery S. Daniels
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - E. Charles H. Sykes
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Dujardin A, Himbert S, Pudritz R, Rheinstädter MC. The Formation of RNA Pre-Polymers in the Presence of Different Prebiotic Mineral Surfaces Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010112. [PMID: 36676060 PMCID: PMC9860743 DOI: 10.3390/life13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We used all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations to study the formation of pre-polymers between the four nucleotides in RNA (AMP, UMP, CMP, GMP) in the presence of different substrates that could have been present in a prebiotic environment. Pre-polymers are C3'-C5' hydrogen-bonded nucleotides that have been suggested to be the precursors of phosphodiester-bonded RNA polymers. We simulated wet-dry cycles by successively removing water molecules from the simulations, from ~60 to 3 water molecules per nucleotide. The nine substrates in this study include three clay minerals, one mica, one phosphate mineral, one silica, and two metal oxides. The substrates differ in their surface charge and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the nucleotides. From the MD simulations, we quantify the interactions between different nucleotides, and between nucleotides and substrates. For comparison, we included graphite as an inert substrate, which is not charged and cannot form hydrogen bonds. We also simulated the dehydration of a nucleotide-only system, which mimics the drying of small droplets. The number of hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and nucleotides and substrates was found to increase significantly when water molecules were removed from the systems. The largest number of C3'-C5' hydrogen bonds between nucleotides occurred in the graphite and nucleotide-only systems. While the surface of the substrates led to an organization and periodic arrangement of the nucleotides, none of the substrates was found to be a catalyst for pre-polymer formation, neither at full hydration, nor when dehydrated. While confinement and dehydration seem to be the main drivers for hydrogen bond formation, substrate interactions reduced the interactions between nucleotides in all cases. Our findings suggest that small supersaturated water droplets that could have been produced by geysers or springs on the primitive Earth may play an important role in non-enzymatic RNA polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Dujardin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Ralph Pudritz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Maikel C. Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(905)-525-9140-23134; Fax: +1-(905)-546-1252
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3
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Soai K. The Soai reaction and its implications with the life's characteristic features of self-replication and homochirality. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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5
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Chirality in Organic and Mineral Systems: A Review of Reactivity and Alteration Processes Relevant to Prebiotic Chemistry and Life Detection Missions. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is a central feature in the evolution of biological systems, but the reason for biology’s strong preference for specific chiralities of amino acids, sugars, and other molecules remains a controversial and unanswered question in origins of life research. Biological polymers tend toward homochiral systems, which favor the incorporation of a single enantiomer (molecules with a specific chiral configuration) over the other. There have been numerous investigations into the processes that preferentially enrich one enantiomer to understand the evolution of an early, racemic, prebiotic organic world. Chirality can also be a property of minerals; their interaction with chiral organics is important for assessing how post-depositional alteration processes could affect the stereochemical configuration of simple and complex organic molecules. In this paper, we review the properties of organic compounds and minerals as well as the physical, chemical, and geological processes that affect organic and mineral chirality during the preservation and detection of organic compounds. We provide perspectives and discussions on the reactions and analytical techniques that can be performed in the laboratory, and comment on the state of knowledge of flight-capable technologies in current and future planetary missions, with a focus on organics analysis and life detection.
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6
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Racemate Resolution of Alanine and Leucine on Homochiral Quartz, and Its Alteration by Strong Radiation Damage. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111222. [PMID: 34833098 PMCID: PMC8622614 DOI: 10.3390/life11111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Homochiral proteins orchestrate biological functions throughout all domains of life, but the origin of the uniform l-stereochemistry of amino acids remains unknown. Here, we describe enantioselective adsorption experiments of racemic alanine and leucine onto homochiral d- and l-quartz as a possible mechanism for the abiotic emergence of biological homochirality. Substantial racemate resolution with enantiomeric excesses of up to 55% are demonstrated to potentially occur in interstitial pores, along grain boundaries or small fractures in local quartz-bearing environments. Our previous hypothesis on the enhanced enantioselectivity due to uranium-induced fission tracks could not be validated. Such capillary tubes in the near-surface structure of quartz have been proposed to increase the overall chromatographic separation of enantiomers, but no systematic positive correlation of accumulated radiation damage and enantioselective adsorption was observed in this study. In general, the natural l-quartz showed stronger enantioselective adsorption affinities than synthetic d-quartz without any significant trend in amino acid selectivity. Moreover, the l-enantiomer of both investigated amino acids alanine and leucine was preferably adsorbed regardless of the handedness of the enantiomorphic quartz sand. This lack of mirror symmetry breaking is probably due to the different crystal habitus of the synthetic z-bar of d-quartz and the natural mountain crystals of l-quartz used in our experiments.
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8
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Im SW, Ahn HY, Kim RM, Cho NH, Kim H, Lim YC, Lee HE, Nam KT. Chiral Surface and Geometry of Metal Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905758. [PMID: 31834668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a basic property of nature and has great importance in photonics, biochemistry, medicine, and catalysis. This importance has led to the emergence of the chiral inorganic nanostructure field in the last two decades, providing opportunities to control the chirality of light and biochemical reactions. While the facile production of 3D nanostructures has remained a major challenge, recent advances in nanocrystal synthesis have provided a new pathway for efficient control of chirality at the nanoscale by transferring molecular chirality to the geometry of nanocrystals. Interestingly, this discovery stems from a purely crystallographic outcome: chirality can be generated on high-Miller-index surfaces, even for highly symmetric metal crystals. This is the starting point herein, with an overview of the scientific history and a summary of the crystallographic definition. With the advance of nanomaterial synthesis technology, high-Miller-index planes can be selectively exposed on metallic nanoparticles. The enantioselective interaction of chiral molecules and high-Miller-index facets can break the mirror symmetry of the metal nanocrystals. Herein, the fundamental principle of chirality evolution is emphasized and it is shown how chiral surfaces can be directly correlated with chiral morphologies, thus serving as a guide for researchers in chiral catalysts, chiral plasmonics, chiral metamaterials, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeohn Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yae-Chan Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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9
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Price AJ, Johnson ER. Theoretical investigation of amino-acid adsorption on hydroxylated quartz surfaces: dispersion can determine enantioselectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16571-16578. [PMID: 32658226 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02827d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiral mineral surfaces, such as quartz, are attractive substrates for use in enantioselective separation and may have contributed to the origin of biological homochirality. In this work, we apply density-functional theory and the exchange-hole dipole moment (XDM) dispersion model to study the adsorption of 5 amino acids (glycine, serine, alanine, valine, and phenylalanine) on a hydroxylated α-quartz (0001) surface. It is demonstrated that London dispersion is responsible for 30-50% of the total adsorption energies and its inclusion or omission can reverse predictions of enantioselectivity. Differing dispersion stabilization, caused by the opposing side-chain placements relative to the quartz surface, lead to differences of 1.0 and 1.8 kcal mol-1 in the adsorption energies of the alanine and phenylalanine enantiomers, respectively. These results are consistent with a 3-point model, with the hydrogen-bonding sites conserved and variations in the dispersion interactions determining enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Price
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2.
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10
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Possible Physical Basis of Mirror Symmetry Effect in Racemic Mixtures of Enantiomers: From Wallach’s Rule, Nonlinear Effects, B–Z DNA Transition, and Similar Phenomena to Mirror Symmetry Effects of Chiral Objects. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects associated with mirror symmetry may be underlying for a number of phenomena in chemistry and physics. Increase in the density and melting point of the 50%L/50%D collection of enantiomers of a different sign (Wallach’s rule) is probably based on a physical effect of the mirror image. The catalytic activity of metal complexes with racemic ligands differs from the corresponding complexes with enantiomers as well (nonlinear effect). A similar difference in the physical properties of enantiomers and racemate underlies L/D inversion points of linear helical macromolecules, helical nanocrystals of magnetite and boron nitride etc., B–Z DNA transition and phenomenon of mirror neurons may have a similar nature. Here we propose an explanation of the Wallach effect along with some similar chemical, physical, and biological phenomena related to mirror image.
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11
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Role of Asymmetric Autocatalysis in the Elucidation of Origins of Homochirality of Organic Compounds. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidyl alkanol and related compounds were found to be asymmetric autocatalysts in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and related aldehydes. In the asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee), the very low ee (ca. 0.00005%) of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol was significantly amplified to >99.5% ee with an increase in the amount. By using asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of ee, several origins of homochirality have been examined. Circularly polarized light, chiral quartz, and chiral crystals formed from achiral organic compounds such as glycine and carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), and hydrogen (D/H) chiral isotopomers were found to act as the origin of chirality in asymmetric autocatalysis. And the spontaneous absolute asymmetric synthesis was also realized without the intervention of any chiral factor.
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12
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Garcia AD, Meinert C, Sugahara H, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Meierhenrich UJ. The Astrophysical Formation of Asymmetric Molecules and the Emergence of a Chiral Bias. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:E29. [PMID: 30884807 PMCID: PMC6463258 DOI: 10.3390/life9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomolecular homochirality in living organisms has been investigated for decades, but its origin remains poorly understood. It has been shown that circular polarized light (CPL) and other energy sources are capable of inducing small enantiomeric excesses (ees) in some primary biomolecules, such as amino acids or sugars. Since the first findings of amino acids in carbonaceous meteorites, a scenario in which essential chiral biomolecules originate in space and are delivered by celestial bodies has arisen. Numerous studies have thus focused on their detection, identification, and enantiomeric excess calculations in extraterrestrial matrices. In this review we summarize the discoveries in amino acids, sugars, and organophosphorus compounds in meteorites, comets, and laboratory-simulated interstellar ices. Based on available analytical data, we also discuss their interactions with CPL in the ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regions, their abiotic chiral or achiral synthesis, and their enantiomeric distribution. Without doubt, further laboratory investigations and upcoming space missions are required to shed more light on our potential extraterrestrial molecular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien D Garcia
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Cornelia Meinert
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Haruna Sugahara
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France.
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency⁻Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Søren V Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Uwe J Meierhenrich
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France.
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13
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Homochirality through Photon-Induced Denaturing of RNA/DNA at the Origin of Life. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8020021. [PMID: 29882802 PMCID: PMC6027432 DOI: 10.3390/life8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since a racemic mixture of chiral nucleotides frustrates the enzymeless extension of RNA and DNA, the origin of homochirality must be intimately connected with the origin of life. Homochirality theories have elected to presume abiotic mechanisms for prebiotic enantiomer enrichment and post amplification, but none, so far, has been generally accepted. Here I present a novel hypothesis for the procurement of homochirality from an asymmetry in right- over left-circularly polarized photon-induced denaturing of RNA and DNA at the Archean ocean surface as temperatures descended below that of RNA and DNA melting. This asymmetry is attributed to the small excess of right-handed circularly polarized submarine light during the afternoon, when surface water temperatures were highest and thus most conducive to photon-induced denaturing, and to a negative circular dichroism band extending from 230 to 270 nm for small oligos of RNA and DNA. Because D-nucleic acids have greater affinity for L-tryptophan due to stereochemistry, and because D-RNA/DNA+L-tryptophan complexes have an increased negative circular dichroism band between 230 and 270 nm, the homochirality of tryptophan can also be explained by this hypothesis. A numerical model is presented, demonstrating the efficacy of such a mechanism in procuring homochirality of RNA or DNA from an original racemic solution in as little as 270 Archean years.
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14
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Hazen RM. Chance, necessity and the origins of life: a physical sciences perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20160353. [PMID: 29133451 PMCID: PMC5686409 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earth's 4.5-billion-year history has witnessed a complex sequence of high-probability chemical and physical processes, as well as 'frozen accidents'. Most models of life's origins similarly invoke a sequence of chemical reactions and molecular self-assemblies in which both necessity and chance play important roles. Recent research adds two important insights into this discussion. First, in the context of chemical reactions, chance versus necessity is an inherently false dichotomy-a range of probabilities exists for many natural events. Second, given the combinatorial richness of early Earth's chemical and physical environments, events in molecular evolution that are unlikely at limited laboratory scales of space and time may, nevertheless, be inevitable on an Earth-like planet at time scales of a billion years.This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hazen
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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15
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Jiang S, Chekini M, Qu ZB, Wang Y, Yeltik A, Liu Y, Kotlyar A, Zhang T, Li B, Demir HV, Kotov NA. Chiral Ceramic Nanoparticles and Peptide Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13701-13712. [PMID: 28803469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of nanoparticles (NPs) and their assemblies has been investigated predominantly for noble metals and II-VI semiconductors. However, ceramic NPs represent the majority of nanoscale materials in nature. The robustness and other innate properties of ceramics offer technological opportunities in catalysis, biomedical sciences, and optics. Here we report the preparation of chiral ceramic NPs, as represented by tungsten oxide hydrate, WO3-x·H2O, dispersed in ethanol. The chirality of the metal oxide core, with an average size of ca. 1.6 nm, is imparted by proline (Pro) and aspartic acid (Asp) ligands via bio-to-nano chirality transfer. The amino acids are attached to the NP surface through C-O-W linkages formed from dissociated carboxyl groups and through amino groups weakly coordinated to the NP surface. Surprisingly, the dominant circular dichroism bands for NPs coated by Pro and Asp are different despite the similarity in the geometry of the NPs; they are positioned at 400-700 nm and 500-1100 nm for Pro- and Asp-modified NPs, respectively. The differences in the spectral positions of the main chiroptical band for the two types of NPs are associated with the molecular binding of the two amino acids to the NP surface; Asp has one additional C-O-W linkage compared to Pro, resulting in stronger distortion of the inorganic crystal lattice and greater intensity of CD bands associated with the chirality of the inorganic core. The chirality of WO3-x·H2O atomic structure is confirmed by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The proximity of the amino acids to the mineral surface is associated with the catalytic abilities of WO3-x·H2O NPs. We found that NPs facilitate formation of peptide bonds, leading to Asp-Asp and Asp-Pro dipeptides. The chiroptical activity, chemical reactivity, and biocompatibility of tungsten oxide create a unique combination of properties relevant to chiral optics, chemical technologies, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300354, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals , Tianjin 300354, China
| | | | | | | | - Aydan Yeltik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021, China
| | | | - Tianyong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300354, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals , Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300354, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals , Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
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16
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Jiang W, Pan H, Zhang Z, Qiu SR, Kim JD, Xu X, Tang R. Switchable Chiral Selection of Aspartic Acids by Dynamic States of Brushite. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8562-8569. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jiang
- Center
for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi
Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Center
for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - S. Roger Qiu
- Physical
and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - J. Dongun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Xurong Xu
- Qiushi
Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center
for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Qiushi
Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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17
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Fuchida S, Naraoka H, Masuda H. Formation of Diastereoisomeric Piperazine-2,5-dione from DL-Alanine in the Presence of Olivine and Water. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2017; 47:83-92. [PMID: 27072833 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-016-9500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DL-Alanine (Ala) was heated with/without powdered olivine and water at 120 °C for 8 days to investigate the formation of the diastereoisomers of piperazine-2,5-dione (diketopiperazine, DKP). When only DL-Ala was heated with a small amount of water, 3.0 % of DL-Ala changed to cis- and trans-DKP after 8 days. DKPs were not detected after heating when no water was added. The presence of a small amount of water is important factor controlling peptide production rates under thermal conditions. When DL-Ala was heated with olivine powder for 8 days, the yields of cis- and trans-DKP were 6.8 and 4.9 %, respectively. The high yield of cis-DKP compared with trans-DKP was attributed to greater thermal stability of cis-DKP. After heating for 8 days, the diastereoisomeric excess of cis-DKP without olivine was 7.3 %, whereas a much higher value of 16.3 % was obtained in the presence of olivine. Taken together, these results show that olivine is not only an efficient catalyst for the formation of DKPs but that it also play a significant role in determining the diastereoisomer selectivity of these cyclic dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeshi Fuchida
- Department of Geoscience, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
- Marine Environment Section, Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Harue Masuda
- Department of Geoscience, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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18
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Aiba S, Takamatsu N, Sasai T, Tokunaga Y, Kawasaki T. Replication of α-amino acids via Strecker synthesis with amplification and multiplication of chiral intermediate aminonitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10834-7. [PMID: 27492553 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Replication of chiral l- and d-α-(p-tolyl)glycine has been achieved in combination with the asymmetric induction, amplification and multiplication of their own chiral intermediates, l- and d-aminonitriles, in the solid-phase via the Strecker reaction between three achiral components, which is a plausible prebiotic mechanism for amino acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Aiba
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
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19
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Carretero-Genevrier A, Gich M, Picas L, Sanchez C, Rodriguez-Carvajal J. Chiral habit selection on nanostructured epitaxial quartz films. Faraday Discuss 2015; 179:227-33. [PMID: 25865697 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00266k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the crystallization of enantiomorphically pure systems can be relevant to diverse fields such as the study of the origins of life or the purification of racemates. Here we report on polycrystalline epitaxial thin films of quartz on Si substrates displaying two distinct types of chiral habits that never coexist in the same film. We combine Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis and computer-assisted crystallographic calculations to make a detailed study of these habits of quartz. By estimating the surface energies of the observed crystallites we argue that the films are enantiomorphically pure and we briefly outline a possible mechanism to explain the habit and chiral selection in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carretero-Genevrier
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) CNRS-Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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20
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Rouch DA. Evolution of the first genetic cells and the universal genetic code: a hypothesis based on macromolecular coevolution of RNA and proteins. J Theor Biol 2014; 357:220-44. [PMID: 24931677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative hypothesis based on coevolution of protein and nucleic acid macromolecules was developed to explain the evolution of the first genetic cells, from the likely organic chemical-rich environment of early earth, through to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). The evolution of the first genetic cell was divided into three phases, proto-genetic cells I, II and III, and the transition to each milestone is described, based on development of chemical cross-catalysis, bio-cross-catalysis, and the universal genetic code, respectively. Selection of macromolecular properties of both peptides and nucleic acids, in response to environmental factors, was likely to be a key aspect of early evolution. The development of hereditable nucleic acids with various key functions; translation, transcription and replication, is described. These functions are envisaged to have coevolved with protein enzymes, from simple organic precursors. Genetically heritable nucleotides may have developed after the local earth environment had cooled below 63 °C. Around this temperature G-C bases would have been preferentially utilized for nucleotide synthesis. Under these conditions RNA type nucleotides were then likely selected from a range of different types of nucleotide backbones through template-based synthesis. Initial development of the genetic coding system was simplified by the availability of proto-messenger RNA sequences that contained only G and C bases, and the need to encode only four amino acids. The step-wise addition of further amino acids to the code was predicted to parallel the growing metabolic complexity of the proto-genetic cell. On completion of this evolutionary process the proto-genetic cell is envisaged to have become the LUCA, the last common ancestor of bacteria, eukaryote and archaea domains. Key issues addressed by the model include: (a) the transition from non-hereditable random sequences of peptides and nucleic acids to specific proteins coded by hereditable nucleotide sequences, (b) the origin of homochiral amino acids and sugars, and (c) the mutation limits on the sizes of early nucleic acid genomes. The first genome was limited to a size of about 200 base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A Rouch
- Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
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21
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Soai K, Kawasaki T, Matsumoto A. The Origins of Homochirality Examined by Using Asymmetric Autocatalysis. CHEM REC 2014; 14:70-83. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Institute of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Research Institute of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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22
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Deringer VL, Dronskowski R. Pauling's third rule beyond the bulk: chemical bonding at quartz-type GeO2surfaces. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In an age of high-performance computing, classical chemical concepts still have their place, and may be applied using new tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker L. Deringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-HPC)
- RWTH Aachen University
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23
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Shindo H, Shirota Y, Niki K, Kawasaki T, Suzuki K, Araki Y, Matsumoto A, Soai K. Asymmetric Autocatalysis Induced by Cinnabar: Observation of the Enantioselective Adsorption of a 5‐Pyrimidyl Alkanol on the Crystal Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shindo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 112‐8551 (Japan)
| | - Yusuke Shirota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 112‐8551 (Japan)
| | - Kaori Niki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 112‐8551 (Japan)
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601 (Japan)
- Research Center for Chirality, Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science (Japan)
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910‐8507 (Japan)
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601 (Japan)
| | - Yuko Araki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601 (Japan)
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601 (Japan)
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8601 (Japan)
- Research Center for Chirality, Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science (Japan)
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24
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Shindo H, Shirota Y, Niki K, Kawasaki T, Suzuki K, Araki Y, Matsumoto A, Soai K. Asymmetric autocatalysis induced by cinnabar: observation of the enantioselective adsorption of a 5-pyrimidyl alkanol on the crystal surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9135-8. [PMID: 23881646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shindo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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25
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Yun Y, Gellman AJ. Enantioselective Separation on Naturally Chiral Metal Surfaces:d,l-Aspartic Acid on Cu(3,1,17)R&SSurfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Yun Y, Gellman AJ. Enantioselective Separation on Naturally Chiral Metal Surfaces:d,l-Aspartic Acid on Cu(3,1,17)R&SSurfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3394-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Cleaves HJ, Michalkova Scott A, Hill FC, Leszczynski J, Sahai N, Hazen R. Mineral-organic interfacial processes: potential roles in the origins of life. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5502-25. [PMID: 22743683 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Life is believed to have originated on Earth ∼4.4-3.5 Ga ago, via processes in which organic compounds supplied by the environment self-organized, in some geochemical environmental niches, into systems capable of replication with hereditary mutation. This process is generally supposed to have occurred in an aqueous environment and, likely, in the presence of minerals. Mineral surfaces present rich opportunities for heterogeneous catalysis and concentration which may have significantly altered and directed the process of prebiotic organic complexification leading to life. We review here general concepts in prebiotic mineral-organic interfacial processes, as well as recent advances in the study of mineral surface-organic interactions of potential relevance to understanding the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James Cleaves
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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28
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Evans AC, Meinert C, Giri C, Goesmann F, Meierhenrich UJ. Chirality, photochemistry and the detection of amino acids in interstellar ice analogues and comets. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5447-58. [PMID: 22576562 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The primordial appearance of chiral amino acids was an essential component of the asymmetric evolution of life on Earth. In this tutorial review we will explore the original life-generating, symmetry-breaking event and summarise recent thoughts on the origin of enantiomeric excess in the universe. We will then highlight the transfer of asymmetry from chiral photons to racemic amino acids and elucidate current experimental data on the photochemical synthesis of amino and diamino acid structures in simulated interstellar and circumstellar ice environments. The chirality inherent within actual interstellar (cometary) ice environments will be considered in this discussion: in 2014 the Rosetta Lander Philae onboard the Rosetta space probe is planned to detach from the orbiter and soft-land on the surface of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It is equipped for the in situ enantioselective analysis of chiral prebiotic organic species in cometary ices. The scientific design of this mission will therefore be presented in the context of analysing the formation of amino acid structures within interstellar ice analogues as a means towards furthering understanding of the origin of asymmetric biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Evans
- University of Cambridge, Murray Edwards College, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK.
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29
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Chen J, Myerson AS. Pasteur revisited: chiral separation by crystallization on self-assembled monolayers. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26415c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Szabelski P, Kasperski A. Two-Dimensional Chiral Molecular Networks from Achiral Building Blocks: A Computational Study. Top Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-011-9763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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31
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Zhou F, Yuan L, Li D, Huang H, Sun T, Chen H. Cell adhesion on chiral surface: the role of protein adsorption. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 90:97-101. [PMID: 22055625 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the basic, unique, and most appealing features of biological molecules; however, many intriguing chiral phenomena in biological world remains insufficiently revealed yet. In this research, we fabricated chiral surfaces by assembling natural chiral amino acids-cysteine of opposite configurations (D- and L-) onto gold surfaces, respectively, and investigated the adhesion of the L929 fibroblast on them. No significant differences were observed in the density of adherent cells under serum-free culture condition; while in serum-containing condition, significantly more cells adhered on the L-Cys assembled surfaces. This phenomenon suggested that serum protein might play an important role in mediating the selective adhesion of cells on chiral surfaces. Hence, we adopted both radiolabeling and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques to monitor protein adsorption onto the above surfaces. The results evidently showed more proteins adsorbed onto surfaces assembled with L-Cys. We propose that the difference in protein adsorption on chiral surfaces as demonstrated in this paper might not only shed light on the ensuing investigation of bio-related chirality phenomena, but also provide a novel strategy for the rational design and fabrication of novel biomaterials and bio-related devices based on chiral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Ward MR, Copeland GW, Alexander AJ. Chiral hide-and-seek: Retention of enantiomorphism in laser-induced nucleation of molten sodium chlorate. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3637946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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33
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Weissbuch I, Lahav M. Crystalline Architectures as Templates of Relevance to the Origins of Homochirality. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3236-67. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weissbuch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
| | - Meir Lahav
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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34
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Meierhenrich UJ, Filippi JJ, Meinert C, Bredehöft JH, Takahashi JI, Nahon L, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV. Circular dichroism of amino acids in the vacuum-ultraviolet region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:7799-802. [PMID: 20845349 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe J Meierhenrich
- Laboratoire des Molécules Bioactives et des Arômes, UMR 6001 CNRS-UNSA, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
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35
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Meierhenrich UJ, Filippi JJ, Meinert C, Bredehöft JH, Takahashi JI, Nahon L, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV. Circulardichroismus von Aminosäuren im Vakuum-Ultravioletten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Bing Y, Selassie D, Paradise RH, Isborn C, Kramer N, Sadilek M, Kaminsky W, Kahr B. Circular dichroism tensor of a triarylmethyl propeller in sodium chlorate crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7454-65. [PMID: 20446684 DOI: 10.1021/ja1018892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 1919, Perucca reported anomalous optical rotatory dispersion from chiral NaClO(3) crystals that were colored by having been grown from a solution containing an equilibrium racemic mixture of a triarylmethane dye (Perucca, E. Nuovo Cimento 1919, 18, 112-154). Perucca's chiroptical observations are apparently consistent with a resolution of the propeller-shaped dye molecules by NaClO(3) crystals. This implies that Perucca achieved the first enantioselective adsorption of a racemic mixture on an inorganic crystal, providing evidence of the resolution of a triarylmethyl propeller compound lacking bulky ortho substituents. Following the earlier report, NaClO(3) crystals dyed with aniline blue are described herein. The rich linear optical properties of (001), (110), and (111) sections of these mixed crystals are described via their absorbance spectra in polarized light as well as images related to linear dichroism, linear birefringence, circular dichroism, and anomalous circular extinction. The linear dichroism fixes the transition electric dipole moments in the aromatic plane with respect to the growth faces of the NaClO(3) cubes. Likewise, circular dichroism measurements of four orientations of aniline blue in NaClO(3) fix a bisignate tensor with respect to the crystal growth faces. Electronic transition moments and circular dichroism tensors were computed ab initio for aniline blue. These calculations, in conjunction with the crystal-optical properties, establish a consistent mixed-crystal model. The nature of the circular extinction depends upon the crystallographic direction along which the crystals are examined. Along 100, the crystals evidence circular dichroism. Along 110, the crystals evidence mainly anomalous circular extinction. These two properties, while measured by the differential transmission of left and right circularly polarized light, are easily distinguished in their transformation properties with respect to reorientations of the sample plates. Circular dichroism is symmetric with respect to the wave vector, whereas anomalous circular extinction is antisymmetric. Analysis of Perucca's raw data reveals that he was observing a convolution of linear and circular optical properties. The relatively large circular dichroism should in principle establish the absolute configuration of the propeller-shaped molecules associated with d- or l-NaClO(3) crystals. However, this determination was not as straightforward as it appeared at the outset. In the solid state, unlike in solution, a strong chiroptical response is not in and of itself evidence of enantiomeric resolution. It is shown how it is possible to have a poor resolution-even an equal population of P and M propellers-within a given chiral NaClO(3) crystal and still have a large circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Bing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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37
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Photochirogenesis: Photochemical Models on the Origin of Biomolecular Homochirality. Symmetry (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/sym2021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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38
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39
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Hazen RM, Sverjensky DA. Mineral surfaces, geochemical complexities, and the origins of life. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a002162. [PMID: 20452963 PMCID: PMC2857174 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline surfaces of common rock-forming minerals are likely to have played several important roles in life's geochemical origins. Transition metal sulfides and oxides promote a variety of organic reactions, including nitrogen reduction, hydroformylation, amination, and Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis. Fine-grained clay minerals and hydroxides facilitate lipid self-organization and condensation polymerization reactions, notably of RNA monomers. Surfaces of common rock-forming oxides, silicates, and carbonates select and concentrate specific amino acids, sugars, and other molecular species, while potentially enhancing their thermal stabilities. Chiral surfaces of these minerals also have been shown to separate left- and right-handed molecules. Thus, mineral surfaces may have contributed centrally to the linked prebiotic problems of containment and organization by promoting the transition from a dilute prebiotic "soup" to highly ordered local domains of key biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hazen
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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40
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41
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42
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Han JW, Sholl DS. Enantiospecific adsorption of amino acids on hydroxylated quartz (101̄0). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8024-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b926035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Ward MR, Copeland GW, Alexander AJ. Enantiomorphic symmetry breaking in crystallization of molten sodium chlorate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7634-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Harris K, Thomas SJ. Selected Thoughts on Chiral Crystals, Chiral Surfaces, and Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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46
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Han JW, Sholl DS. Enantiospecific adsorption of amino acids on hydroxylated quartz (0001). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10737-10745. [PMID: 19496574 DOI: 10.1021/la901264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been used to study the adsorption of glycine, alanine, serine, and cysteine on the hydroxylated (0001) surface of alpha-quartz. We found negligible differences in adsorption energies for the most stable minima of enantiomers of alanine on this surface. There are, however, measurable energy differences between the two enantiomers of both serine and cysteine in their most stable states. The source of this enantiospecificity is mainly the difference in the strength of hydrogen bonds between the surface and the two enantiomers. Our results provide initial information on how amino acids can exhibit enantiospecific adsorption on hydroxylated quartz surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Han
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, USA
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Kahr B, Bing Y, Kaminsky W, Viterbo D. Turinese Stereochemistry: Eligio Perucca's Enantioselectivity and Primo Levi's Asymmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3744-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kahr B, Bing Y, Kaminsky W, Viterbo D. Turiner Stereochemie: Eligio Peruccas Enantioselektivität und Primo Levis Asymmetrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Szabelski P, Panczyk T, Drach M. Monte Carlo modeling of chiral adsorption on nanostructured chiral surfaces and slit pores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12972-12980. [PMID: 18942862 DOI: 10.1021/la802622y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adsorptive separation of chiral molecules is a powerful technique that has long been used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. An important challenge in this field is to design and optimize new adsorbents to provide selective discrimination of enantiomers. In this article, we introduce an off-lattice model of chiral adsorption on nanostructured surfaces and slit pores with the aim of predicting their enantioslective properties. The concept presented here involves finding the optimal chiral pattern of active sites on the pore walls that maximizes the difference between the binding energies of the enantiomers. Our initial effort focuses on chiral molecules that do not have specific interactions with the pore surface. One candidate meeting this requirement is 1,2-dimethylcyclopropane (DMCP), a chiral hydrocarbon whose interaction with a model pore surface was described using the Lennard-Jones potential. To model the adsorption of DMCP, we used the Monte Carlo simulation method. It was demonstrated that the separation of the enantiomers of DMCP is hardly obtainable because of the smoothness of the potential energy surface for molecules physisorbed in the pore. However, the simulated results allowed the identification of key factors that influence the binding of the enantiomers of DMCP to the pore walls with a special distribution of active sites. This information will be useful in future considerations of the adsorption of more complex chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M. C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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