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Ouyang Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Li J, Ao Q, Guo S, Zhang M, Sun J. An analysis of neurovascular disease markers in the hippocampus of Tupaia chinensis at different growth stages. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1083182. [PMID: 36733450 PMCID: PMC9888410 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1083182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is considered that Tupaia chinensis can replace laboratory primates in the study of nervous system diseases. To date, however, protein expression in the brain of Tupaia chinensis has not been fully understood. Method Three age groups of T. chinensis-15 days, 3 months and 1.5 years-were selected to study their hippocampal protein expression profiles. Results A significant difference was observed between the 15-day group and the other two age groups, where as there were no significant differences between the 3-month and 1.5-year age groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that differentially expressed proteins could be enriched in several pathways related to neurovascular diseases, such as metabolic pathways for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other diseases. The KEGG enrichment also showed that relevant protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hippocampus of T. chinensis for 15days were downregulated, and ribosomal proteins (RPs) were upregulated, compared to those in the hippocampus of the other two age groups. Discussion It was suggested that when the hippocampus of T. chinensis developed from day 15 to 3 months, the expression of oxidatively phosphorylated proteins and RPs would vary over time. Meanwhile, the hippocamppal protein expression profile of T. chinensis after 3 months had become stable. Moreover, the study underlines that, during the early development of the hippocampus of T. chinensis, energy demand increases while protein synthesis decreases. The mitochondria of T. chinensis changes with age, and the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway of mitochondria is closely related to neurovascular diseases, such as stroke and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Ouyang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Health and Regimen School, Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, School of Food and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Songchao Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Mingyuan Zhang ✉
| | - Junming Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Junming Sun ✉
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2
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Qiu D, Ke M, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Lu T, Sun L, Qian H. Response of microbial antibiotic resistance to pesticides: An emerging health threat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158057. [PMID: 35977623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spread of microbial antibiotic resistance has seriously threatened public health globally. Non-antibiotic stressors have significantly contributed to the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the potential risk of pesticide pollution for bacterial antibiotic resistance, a systematic review of these concerns is still lacking. In the present study, we elaborate the mechanism underlying the effects of pesticides on bacterial antibiotic resistance acquisition as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance. Pesticide stress enhanced the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacteria via various mechanisms, including the activation of efflux pumps, inhibition of outer membrane pores for resistance to antibiotics, and gene mutation induction. Horizontal gene transfer is a major mechanism whereby pesticides influence the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria. Pesticides promoted the conjugation transfer of ARGs by increasing cell membrane permeability and increased the proportion of bacterial mobile gene elements, which facilitate the spread of ARGs. This review can improve our understanding regarding the pesticide-induced generation and spread of ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Moreover, it can be applied to reduce the ecological risks of ARGs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Qiu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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3
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Gharui C, Prakash S, Chopra D, Pan SC. Organocatalytic asymmetric addition of thioglycolates to o-quinone methides: a route to 5-substituted-5H-benzoxathiepine-2(3H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2828-2833. [PMID: 32236238 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have developed the first enantioselective synthesis of 5-substituted-5H-benzoxathiepine-2(3H)-ones. 2-Sulfonylmethyl phenols and thioglycolates were employed as reaction partners in this method. The desired thia Michael products were obtained via bifunctional squaramide catalyzed conjugate addition reaction to in situ generated o-quinone methides and then basic hydrolysis followed by cyclization led to the formation of 5-substituted-5H-benzoxathiepine-2(3H)-ones. Broad scope and moderate to high enantioselectivities were observed for both products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Gharui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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4
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O’Keefe D, Ritter A, Stoove M, Hughes C, Dietze P. Harm reduction programs and policy in Australia: barriers and enablers to effective implementation. SUCHT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFT UND PRAXIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Harm reduction is an integral component of Australia’s overall national drug policy. Harm reduction policy and interventions can be applied to any legal or illegal drug to mitigate harm without necessarily reducing use, but harm reduction is traditionally conceptualised in relation to injecting drug use. Early and comprehensive adoption of many innovative harm reduction interventions has meant that Australia has had significant success in reducing a number of drug related harms, avoided disease epidemics experienced in other countries, and established programs and practices that are of international renown. However, these gains were not easily established, nor necessarily permanent. Aim: In this paper we explore the past and present harm reduction policy and practice contexts that normalised and facilitated harm reduction as a public health response, as well as those converse contexts currently creating opposition to additional or expanded interventions. Importantly, this paper discusses the intersection between various interventions, such as needle and syringe distribution and drug treatment programs. Finally, we detail some of the practical lessons that have been learned via the Australian experience, with the hope that these lessons will assist to inform and improve international harm reduction implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O’Keefe
- Burnet Institute
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales
| | - Mark Stoove
- Burnet Institute
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
| | - Chad Hughes
- Burnet Institute
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
| | - Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
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5
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Russell CC, Stevens A, Young KA, Baker JR, McCluskey SN, Khazandi M, Pi H, Ogunniyi A, Page SW, Trott DJ, McCluskey A. Discovery of 4,6-bis(2-(( E)-benzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-2-Amine with Antibiotic Activity. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:896-907. [PMID: 31312589 PMCID: PMC6610448 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Robenidine (E)-N'-((E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene)-2-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidhydrazide displays methicillin-resistant Staphyoccoccus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) MICs of 2 μg mL-1. Herein we describe the structure-activity relationship development of a novel series of guanidine to 2-aminopyrimidine isosteres that ameliorate the low levels of mammalian cytotoxicity in the lead compound while retaining good antibiotic activity. Removal of the 2-NH2 pyrimidine moiety renders these analogues inactive. Introduction of a central 2-NH2 triazine moiety saw a 10-fold activity reduction. Phenyl to cyclohexyl isosteres were inactive. The 4-BrPh and 4-CH3Ph with MIC values of 2 and 4 μg mL-1, against MRSA and VRE respectively, are promising candidates for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
| | - Andrew Stevens
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
| | - Siobhann N. McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance EcologySchool of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Roseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RoadRoseworthy5371 SAAustralia
| | - Hongfei Pi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance EcologySchool of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Roseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RoadRoseworthy5371 SAAustralia
| | - Abiodun Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance EcologySchool of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Roseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RoadRoseworthy5371 SAAustralia
| | | | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance EcologySchool of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Roseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RoadRoseworthy5371 SAAustralia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW2308Australia
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6
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Protein‐protein interactions as antibiotic targets: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Med Res Rev 2018; 40:469-494. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Zhang F, Zhao X, Li Q, Liu J, Ding J, Wu H, Zhao Z, Ba Y, Cheng X, Cui L, Li H, Zhu J. Bacterial community structure and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes in heavy metals contaminated agricultural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9547-9555. [PMID: 29357075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a worldwide problem especially in China. The interrelation of soil bacterial community structure, antibiotic resistance genes, and heavy metal contamination in soil is still unclear. Here, seven agricultural areas (G1-G7) with heavy metal contamination were sampled with different distances (741 to 2556 m) to the factory. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Shannon index were used to analyze bacterial community diversity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative abundance of ARGs sul1, sul2, tetA, tetM, tetW, one mobile genetic elements (MGE) inti1. Results showed that all samples were polluted by Cadmium (Cd), and some of them were polluted by lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). DGGE showed that the most abundant bacterial species were found in G7 with the lightest heavy metal contamination. The results of the principal component analysis and clustering analysis both showed that G7 could not be classified with other samples. The relative abundance of sul1 was correlated with Cu, Zn concentration. Gene sul2 are positively related with total phosphorus, and tetM was associated with organic matter. Total gene abundances and relative abundance of inti1 both correlated with organic matter. Redundancy analysis showed that Zn and sul2 were significantly related with bacterial community structure. Together, our results indicate a complex linkage between soil heavy metal concentration, bacterial community composition, and some global disseminated ARG abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhao
- Jiyuan City Key Laboratory of Heavy-Metal Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiyuan, 459000, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Leukemia, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jizhe Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huiying Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongsheng Zhao
- Jiyuan City Key Laboratory of Heavy-Metal Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiyuan, 459000, China
| | - Yue Ba
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongping Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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8
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Cooper DJ, Zunino G, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Phenotypic screening with primary neurons to identify drug targets for regeneration and degeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:161-169. [PMID: 27444126 PMCID: PMC5243932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput, target-based screening techniques have been utilized extensively for drug discovery in the past several decades. However, the need for more predictive in vitro models of in vivo disease states has generated a shift in strategy towards phenotype-based screens. Phenotype based screens are particularly valuable in studying complex conditions such as CNS injury and degenerative disease, as many factors can contribute to a specific cellular response. In this review, we will discuss different screening frameworks and their relative utility in examining mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axon regrowth, particularly in cell-based in vitro disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Cooper
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Giulia Zunino
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John L. Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P. Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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9
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Small Molecules That Sabotage Bacterial Virulence. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:339-362. [PMID: 28209403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The continued rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has motivated alternative strategies for target discovery and treatment of infections. Antivirulence therapies function through inhibition of in vivo required virulence factors to disarm the pathogen instead of directly targeting viability or growth. This approach to treating bacteria-mediated diseases may have advantages over traditional antibiotics because it targets factors specific for pathogenesis, potentially reducing selection for resistance and limiting collateral damage to the resident microbiota. This review examines vulnerable molecular mechanisms used by bacteria to cause disease and the antivirulence compounds that sabotage these virulence pathways. By expanding the study of antimicrobial targets beyond those that are essential for growth, antivirulence strategies offer new and innovative opportunities to combat infectious diseases.
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10
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Fields FR, Lee SW, McConnell MJ. Using bacterial genomes and essential genes for the development of new antibiotics. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 134:74-86. [PMID: 27940263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The shrinking antibiotic development pipeline together with the global increase in antibiotic resistant infections requires that new molecules with antimicrobial activity are developed. Traditional empirical screening approaches of natural and non-natural compounds have identified the majority of antibiotics that are currently available, however this approach has produced relatively few new antibiotics over the last few decades. The vast amount of bacterial genome sequence information that has become available since the sequencing of the first bacterial genome more than 20years ago holds potential for contributing to the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Comparative genomic approaches can identify genes that are highly conserved within and between bacterial species, and thus may represent genes that participate in key bacterial processes. Whole genome mutagenesis studies can also identify genes necessary for bacterial growth and survival under different environmental conditions, making them attractive targets for the development of novel inhibitory compounds. In addition, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches can be used to characterize RNA and protein levels on a cellular scale, providing information on bacterial physiology that can be applied to antibiotic target identification. Finally, bacterial genomes can be mined to identify biosynthetic pathways that produce many intrinsic antimicrobial compounds and peptides. In this review, we provide an overview of past and current efforts aimed at using bacterial genomic data in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Fields
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Shaun W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Biomedical Institute of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Jalili M, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Gupta S, Wolkenhauer O, Yaghmaie M, Resendis-Antonio O, Alimoghaddam K. Evolution of Centrality Measurements for the Detection of Essential Proteins in Biological Networks. Front Physiol 2016; 7:375. [PMID: 27616995 PMCID: PMC4999434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jalili
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehzadeh-Yazdi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran; Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of RostockRostock, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of RostockRostock, Germany; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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12
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Synergistic interactions between doxycycline and terpenic components of essential oils encapsulated within lipid nanocapsules against gram negative bacteria. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Nabi N, Chaouachi M, Zellama MS, Ben Hafsa A, Mrabet B, Saïd K, Fathia HS. A new QRT-PCR assay designed for the differentiation between elements provided from Agrobacterium sp. in GMOs plant events and natural Agrobacterium sp. bacteria. Food Chem 2015; 196:58-65. [PMID: 26593465 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The question asked in the present work was how to differentiate between contamination of field samples with and GM plants contained sequences provided from this bacterium in order to avoid false positives in the frame of the detection and the quantification of GMO. For this, new set of primers and corresponding TaqMan Minor Groove Binder (MGB) probes were designed to target Agrobacterium sp. using the tumor-morphology-shooty gene (TMS1). Final standard curves were calculated for each pathogen by plotting the threshold cycle value against the bacterial number (log (colony forming units) per milliliter) via linear regression. The method designed was highly specific and sensitive, with a detection limit of 10CFU/ml. No significant cross-reaction was observed. Results from this study showed that TaqMan real-time PCR, is potentially an effective method for the rapid and reliable quantification of Agrobacterium sp. in samples containing GMO or non GMO samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Nabi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maher Chaouachi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Salem Zellama
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ben Hafsa
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Besma Mrabet
- Laboratoire de Phytiatri, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène Tunisia
| | - Khaled Saïd
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Harzallah Skhiri Fathia
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Application of Molecular Approaches for Understanding Foodborne Salmonella Establishment in Poultry Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/813275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis in the United States is one of the most costly foodborne diseases. Given that Salmonella can originate from a wide variety of environments, reduction of this organism at all stages of poultry production is critical. Salmonella species can encounter various environmental stress conditions which can dramatically influence their survival and colonization. Current knowledge of Salmonella species metabolism and physiology in relation to colonization is traditionally based on studies conducted primarily with tissue culture and animal infection models. Consequently, while there is some information about environmental signals that control Salmonella growth and colonization, much still remains unknown. Genetic tools for comprehensive functional genomic analysis of Salmonella offer new opportunities for not only achieving a better understanding of Salmonella pathogens but also designing more effective intervention strategies. Now the function(s) of each single gene in the Salmonella genome can be directly assessed and previously unknown genetic factors that are required for Salmonella growth and survival in the poultry production cycle can be elucidated. In particular, delineating the host-pathogen relationships involving Salmonella is becoming very helpful for identifying optimal targeted gene mutagenesis strategies to generate improved vaccine strains. This represents an opportunity for development of novel vaccine approaches for limiting Salmonella establishment in early phases of poultry production. In this review, an overview of Salmonella issues in poultry, a general description of functional genomic technologies, and their specific application to poultry vaccine developments are discussed.
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15
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Kumbhar C, Mudliar P, Bhatia L, Kshirsagar A, Watve M. Widespread predatory abilities in the genus Streptomyces. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:235-48. [PMID: 24535490 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The natural role of antibiotics in the ecology of Streptomyces is debated and still largely unknown. The predatory myxobacteria and many other genera of prokaryotic epibiotic and wolfpack predators across different taxa possess secondary metabolites with antimicrobial action, and these compounds have a role in predation. If all epibiotic predators are antibiotic producers, it is worth testing whether all antibiotic producers are predators too. We show here that Streptomyces are non-obligate epibiotic predators of other microorganisms and that predatory abilities are widespread in this genus. We developed a test for predatory activity which revealed that a large proportion of traditionally isolated Streptomyces strains and all oligophilic Streptomyces isolates show predatory activity. Those that did not show predatory ability on first challenge could do so after many generations of selection or acclimation. Using time-lapse photomicrography, we demonstrate that the growth of the tips of Streptomyces hyphae is accompanied by disappearance of cells of other bacteria in the vicinity presumably due to lysis. Predatory activity is restricted to surface growth and is not obligately associated with antibiotic production in conventional culture. However, some of the genes crucial to the regulation of secondary metabolite pathways are differentially expressed during predatory growth on different prey species as compared to saprophytic growth. Our findings strengthen the association between epibiotic predation and antibiotic production.
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Bansal AK. Role of bioinformatics in the development of new antibacterial therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 6:51-65. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Radomski N, Roguet A, Lucas FS, Veyrier FJ, Cambau E, Accrombessi H, Moilleron R, Behr MA, Moulin L. atpE gene as a new useful specific molecular target to quantify Mycobacterium in environmental samples. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:277. [PMID: 24299240 PMCID: PMC4219376 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The environment is the likely source of many pathogenic mycobacterial species but detection of mycobacteria by bacteriological tools is generally difficult and time-consuming. Consequently, several molecular targets based on the sequences of housekeeping genes, non-functional RNA and structural ribosomal RNAs have been proposed for the detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical or environmental samples. While certain of these targets were proposed as specific for this genus, most are prone to false positive results in complex environmental samples that include related, but distinct, bacterial genera. Nowadays the increased number of sequenced genomes and the availability of software for genomic comparison provide tools to develop novel, mycobacteria-specific targets, and the associated molecular probes and primers. Consequently, we conducted an in silico search for proteins exclusive to Mycobacterium spp. genomes in order to design sensitive and specific molecular targets. Results Among the 3989 predicted proteins from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, only 11 proteins showed 80% to 100% of similarity with Mycobacterium spp. genomes, and less than 50% of similarity with genomes of closely related Corynebacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus genera. Based on DNA sequence alignments, we designed primer pairs and a probe that specifically detect the atpE gene of mycobacteria, as verified by quantitative real-time PCR on a collection of mycobacteria and non-mycobacterial species. The real-time PCR method we developed was successfully used to detect mycobacteria in tap water and lake samples. Conclusions The results indicate that this real-time PCR method targeting the atpE gene can serve for highly specific detection and precise quantification of Mycobacterium spp. in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Radomski
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement Systèmes Urbains (Leesu) UMR MA 102-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Est, 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal Cité, Descartes, FR 77455, Champs sur Marne, France.
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Structure-based function prediction of uncharacterized protein using binding sites comparison. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003341. [PMID: 24244144 PMCID: PMC3828134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in structural genomics is prediction of the function of uncharacterized proteins. When proteins cannot be related to other proteins of known activity, identification of function based on sequence or structural homology is impossible and in such cases it would be useful to assess structurally conserved binding sites in connection with the protein's function. In this paper, we propose the function of a protein of unknown activity, the Tm1631 protein from Thermotoga maritima, by comparing its predicted binding site to a library containing thousands of candidate structures. The comparison revealed numerous similarities with nucleotide binding sites including specifically, a DNA-binding site of endonuclease IV. We constructed a model of this Tm1631 protein with a DNA-ligand from the newly found similar binding site using ProBiS, and validated this model by molecular dynamics. The interactions predicted by the Tm1631-DNA model corresponded to those known to be important in endonuclease IV-DNA complex model and the corresponding binding free energies, calculated from these models were in close agreement. We thus propose that Tm1631 is a DNA binding enzyme with endonuclease activity that recognizes DNA lesions in which at least two consecutive nucleotides are unpaired. Our approach is general, and can be applied to any protein of unknown function. It might also be useful to guide experimental determination of function of uncharacterized proteins. For a substantial proportion of proteins, their functions are not known since these proteins are not related in sequence to any other known proteins. Binding sites are evolutionarily conserved across very distant protein families, and finding similar binding sites between known and unknown proteins can provide clues as to functions of the unknown proteins. We choose one of the “unknown function” proteins, and found, using a novel strategy of binding site comparison to construct a hypothetical protein-ligand complex, subsequently validated by molecular dynamics that this protein most likely binds and repairs the damaged DNA similar to known DNA-repair enzymes. Our methodology is general and enables one to determine functions of other proteins currently labelled as “unknown function”. We envision that the methodology presented herein, the binding sites comparisons enhanced by molecular dynamics, will stimulate the function prediction of other uncharacterized proteins with structures in the Protein Data Bank and boost experimental functional studies of proteins of unknown functions.
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Donkor ES. Sequencing of bacterial genomes: principles and insights into pathogenesis and development of antibiotics. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:556-72. [PMID: 24705262 PMCID: PMC3927574 DOI: 10.3390/genes4040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of bacterial diseases on public health has become enormous, and is partly due to the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance displayed by bacterial pathogens. Sequencing of bacterial genomes has significantly improved our understanding about the biology of many bacterial pathogens as well as identification of novel antibiotic targets. Since the advent of genome sequencing two decades ago, about 1,800 bacterial genomes have been fully sequenced and these include important aetiological agents such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus. Very recently, there has been an explosion of bacterial genome data and is due to the development of next generation sequencing technologies, which are evolving so rapidly. Indeed, the field of microbial genomics is advancing at a very fast rate and it is difficult for researchers to be abreast with the new developments. This highlights the need for regular updates in microbial genomics through comprehensive reviews. This review paper seeks to provide an update on bacterial genome sequencing generally, and to analyze insights gained from sequencing in two areas, including bacterial pathogenesis and the development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana.
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Zhang M, Luo G, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhong Z. Phenotypic screens targeting neurodegenerative diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1-16. [PMID: 23958650 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113499777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and the incidences increase as the population ages. Disease-modifying therapy that prevents or slows disease progression is still lacking, making neurodegenerative diseases an area of high unmet medical need. Target-based drug discovery for disease-modifying agents has been ongoing for many years, without much success due to incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Phenotypic screening, starting with a disease-relevant phenotype to screen for compounds that change the outcome of biological pathways rather than activities at certain specific targets, offers an alternative approach to find small molecules or targets that modulate the key characteristics of neurodegeneration. Phenotypic screens that focus on amelioration of disease-specific toxins, protection of neurons from degeneration, or promotion of neuroregeneration could be potential fertile grounds for discovering therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the progress of compound screening using these phenotypic-based strategies for this area, with a highlight on unique considerations for disease models, assays, and screening methodologies. We will further provide our perspectives on how best to use phenotypic screening to develop drug leads for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Zhang
- 1GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Company Limited, Neurodegeneration DPU, Shanghai, China
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Lei EK, Pereira MP, Kelley SO. Tuning the intracellular bacterial targeting of peptidic vectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9660-3. [PMID: 23893882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Lei EK, Pereira MP, Kelley SO. Tuning the Intracellular Bacterial Targeting of Peptidic Vectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Atamanyuk D, Faivre F, Oxoby M, Ledoussal B, Drocourt E, Moreau F, Gerusz V. Vectorization Efforts To Increase Gram-Negative Intracellular Drug Concentration: A Case Study on HldE-K Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1908-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Atamanyuk
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Fabien Faivre
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Mayalen Oxoby
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Benoit Ledoussal
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Elodie Drocourt
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - François Moreau
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Vincent Gerusz
- Medicinal
Chemistry and ‡Biology, Mutabilis, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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24
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Kumbhar C, Watve M. Why antibiotics: A comparative evaluation of different hypotheses for the natural role of antibiotics and an evolutionary synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2013.54a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Billerbeck S, Panke S. A genetic replacement system for selection-based engineering of essential proteins. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:110. [PMID: 22898007 PMCID: PMC3503863 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential genes represent the core of biological functions required for viability. Molecular understanding of essentiality as well as design of synthetic cellular systems includes the engineering of essential proteins. An impediment to this effort is the lack of growth-based selection systems suitable for directed evolution approaches. RESULTS We established a simple strategy for genetic replacement of an essential gene by a (library of) variant(s) during a transformation.The system was validated using three different essential genes and plasmid combinations and it reproducibly shows transformation efficiencies on the order of 107 transformants per microgram of DNA without any identifiable false positives. This allowed for reliable recovery of functional variants out of at least a 105-fold excess of non-functional variants. This outperformed selection in conventional bleach-out strains by at least two orders of magnitude, where recombination between functional and non-functional variants interfered with reliable recovery even in recA negative strains. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this selection system is extremely suitable for evaluating large libraries of engineered essential proteins resulting in the reliable isolation of functional variants in a clean strain background which can readily be used for in vivo applications as well as expression and purification for use in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Billerbeck
- ETH Zürich, Department for Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Panke
- ETH Zürich, Department for Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Gao B, Gupta RS. Phylogenetic framework and molecular signatures for the main clades of the phylum Actinobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2012; 76:66-112. [PMID: 22390973 PMCID: PMC3294427 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.05011-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Actinobacteria harbors many important human pathogens and also provides one of the richest sources of natural products, including numerous antibiotics and other compounds of biotechnological interest. Thus, a reliable phylogeny of this large phylum and the means to accurately identify its different constituent groups are of much interest. Detailed phylogenetic and comparative analyses of >150 actinobacterial genomes reported here form the basis for achieving these objectives. In phylogenetic trees based upon 35 conserved proteins, most of the main groups of Actinobacteria as well as a number of their superageneric clades are resolved. We also describe large numbers of molecular markers consisting of conserved signature indels in protein sequences and whole proteins that are specific for either all Actinobacteria or their different clades (viz., orders, families, genera, and subgenera) at various taxonomic levels. These signatures independently support the existence of different phylogenetic clades, and based upon them, it is now possible to delimit the phylum Actinobacteria (excluding Coriobacteriia) and most of its major groups in clear molecular terms. The species distribution patterns of these markers also provide important information regarding the interrelationships among different main orders of Actinobacteria. The identified molecular markers, in addition to enabling the development of a stable and reliable phylogenetic framework for this phylum, also provide novel and powerful means for the identification of different groups of Actinobacteria in diverse environments. Genetic and biochemical studies on these Actinobacteria-specific markers should lead to the discovery of novel biochemical and/or other properties that are unique to different groups of Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beile Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Generation and Analysis of Large-Scale Data-Driven Mycobacterium tuberculosis Functional Networks for Drug Target Identification. Adv Bioinformatics 2011; 2011:801478. [PMID: 22190924 PMCID: PMC3235424 DOI: 10.1155/2011/801478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological developments in large-scale biological experiments, coupled with bioinformatics tools, have opened the doors to computational approaches for the global analysis of whole genomes. This has provided the opportunity to look at genes within their context in the cell. The integration of vast amounts of data generated by these technologies provides a strategy for identifying potential drug targets within microbial pathogens, the causative agents of infectious diseases. As proteins are druggable targets, functional interaction networks between proteins are used to identify proteins essential to the survival, growth, and virulence of these microbial pathogens. Here we have integrated functional genomics data to generate functional interaction networks between Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins and carried out computational analyses to dissect the functional interaction network produced for identifying drug targets using network topological properties. This study has provided the opportunity to expand the range of potential drug targets and to move towards optimal target-based strategies.
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28
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Lionakis MS. Drosophila and Galleria insect model hosts: new tools for the study of fungal virulence, pharmacology and immunology. Virulence 2011; 2:521-7. [PMID: 22186764 PMCID: PMC3260546 DOI: 10.4161/viru.2.6.18520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years we have witnessed the emergence of several non-vertebrate mini-hosts as alternative pathosystems for the study of fungal disease. These heterologous organisms have unique advantages, as they are economical, ethically expedient, and facile to use. Hence, they are amenable to high-throughput screening studies of fungal genomes for identification of novel virulence genes and of chemical libraries for discovery of new antifungal compounds. In addition, because they have evolutionarily conserved immunity they offer the opportunity to better understand innate immune responses against medically important fungi. In this review, we discuss how the insects Drosophila melanogaster and Galleria mellonella can be employed for the study of various facets of host-fungal interactions as complementary hosts to conventional vertebrate animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail S Lionakis
- Clinical Mycology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Wecke T, Mascher T. Antibiotic research in the age of omics: from expression profiles to interspecies communication. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2689-704. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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30
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Proteomic approaches in understanding action mechanisms of metal-based anticancer drugs. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:716329. [PMID: 18670610 PMCID: PMC2486358 DOI: 10.1155/2008/716329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal inorganic chemistry has been stimulating largely by the success of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. Various metal complexes are currently used as therapeutic agents (e.g., Pt, Au, and Ru) in the treatment of malignant diseases, including several types of cancers. Understanding the mechanism of action of these metal-based drugs is for the design of more effective drugs. Proteomic approaches combined with other biochemical methods can provide comprehensive understanding of responses that are involved in metal-based anticancer drugs-induced cell death, including insights into cytotoxic effects of metal-based anticancer drugs, correlation of protein alterations to drug targets, and prediction of drug resistance and toxicity. This information, when coupled with clinical data, can provide rational basses for the future design and modification of present used metal-based anticancer drugs.
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31
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Wenzel M, Bandow JE. Proteomic signatures in antibiotic research. Proteomics 2011; 11:3256-68. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Miller CH, O'Toole RF. Navigating tuberculosis drug discovery with target-based screening. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:839-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.586999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dandekar T, Dandekar G. Pharmacogenomic strategies against microbial resistance: from bright to bleak to innovative. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 11:1193-6. [PMID: 20860457 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade saw an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance in infections, with more than 13 million deaths per year from infections. Counter strategies include hygiene, antibiotic restriction and new antibiotics such as quinupristin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin and dalbavancin. Presently, pharmacogenomics with basic research is revealing new antimicrobial peptides and is applying old drugs in new ways to break resistance. New approaches with host-directed drug targeting emerge to circumvent resistance. A future systems perspective from large-scale molecular techniques and bioinformatic modeling allows pharmacogenomics to reveal new intervention angles. This includes the fight against resistance and its transmission, improved vaccines, disarmament of microbes and antibiotic options from novel molecular targets (lipids, RNA and carbohydrates). Such a system perspective is also essential for improved diagnostics and individualized medicine. However, an increase in public awareness and closer cooperation of industry and basic research are essential to turn research into powerful new drugs that will enable us to treat new arising infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Liu Y, Ren Z, Wei Y, Jiang B, Feng S, Zhang L, Zhang W, Fu H. Synthesis and applications of graphite carbon sphere with uniformly distributed magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MGCSs) and MGCS@Ag, MGCS@TiO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b925706c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria are increasingly prevalent in hospitals and the community. New antibiotics are needed to combat these bacterial pathogens, but progress in developing them has been slow. Historically, most antibiotics have come from a small set of molecular scaffolds whose functional lifetimes have been extended by generations of synthetic tailoring. The emergence of multidrug resistance among the latest generation of pathogens suggests that the discovery of new scaffolds should be a priority. Promising approaches to scaffold discovery are emerging; they include mining underexplored microbial niches for natural products, designing screens that avoid rediscovering old scaffolds, and repurposing libraries of synthetic molecules for use as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Fischbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lui C, Cady NC, Batt CA. Nucleic Acid-based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Using Integrated Microfluidic Platform Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:3713-44. [PMID: 22412335 PMCID: PMC3297159 DOI: 10.3390/s90503713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nucleic acid-based pathogen detection methods offers increased sensitivity and specificity over traditional microbiological techniques, driving the development of portable, integrated biosensors. The miniaturization and automation of integrated detection systems presents a significant advantage for rapid, portable field-based testing. In this review, we highlight current developments and directions in nucleic acid-based micro total analysis systems for the detection of bacterial pathogens. Recent progress in the miniaturization of microfluidic processing steps for cell capture, DNA extraction and purification, polymerase chain reaction, and product detection are detailed. Discussions include strategies and challenges for implementation of an integrated portable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Lui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering / Cornell University, 317 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathaniel C. Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering / University at Albany State University of New York, 255 Fuller Rd., Albany, NY 12203, USA; E-Mail: (N.C.C.)
| | - Carl A. Batt
- Department of Food Science / Cornell University, 312 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; E-Mail: (C.A.B.)
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Targeting virulence: A new paradigm for antifungals. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Exley RM, Sim R, Goodwin L, Winterbotham M, Schneider MC, Read RC, Tang CM. Identification of meningococcal genes necessary for colonization of human upper airway tissue. Infect Immun 2009; 77:45-51. [PMID: 18936183 PMCID: PMC2612245 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00968-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is an exclusively human pathogen that has evolved primarily to colonize the nasopharynx rather than to cause systemic disease. Colonization is the most frequent outcome following meningococcal infection and a prerequisite for invasive disease. The mechanism of colonization involves attachment of the organism to epithelial cells via bacterial type IV pili (Tfp), but subsequent events during colonization remain largely unknown. We analyzed 576 N. meningitidis mutants for their capacity to colonize human nasopharyngeal tissue in an organ culture model to identify bacterial genes required for colonization. Eight colonization-defective mutants were isolated. Two mutants were unable to express Tfp and were defective for adhesion to epithelial cells, which is likely to be the basis of their attenuation in nasopharyngeal tissue. Three other mutants are predicted to have lost previously uncharacterized surface molecules, while the remaining mutants have transposon insertions in genes of unknown function. We have identified novel meningococcal colonization factors, and this should provide insights into the survival of this important pathogen in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Exley
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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39
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Wang Y, Chiu JF, He QY. Genomics and Proteomics in Drug Design and Discovery. Pharmacology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-369521-5.00020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Staphylococcus aureus cell wall stress stimulon gene-lacZ fusion strains: potential for use in screening for cell wall-active antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:2923-5. [PMID: 18541730 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00273-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
lacZ fusion strains were constructed using the promoters of five cell wall stress stimulon genes: pbp2, tcaA, vraSR, sgtB, and lytR. All fusion strains were induced only in the presence of cell wall-active antibiotics, suggesting the potential of these strains for use in high-throughput screening for new cell wall-active agents.
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41
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Sakharkar KR, Chow VTK. Microbial genomics: rhetoric or reality? Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:156-62. [PMID: 23100710 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of complete genome sequences of many bacterial species is facilitating numerous computational approaches for understanding bacterial genomes. One of the major incentives behind the genome sequencing of many pathogenic bacteria is the desire to better understand their diversity and to develop new approaches for controlling human diseases caused by these microorganisms. This task has become even more urgent with the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance among many bacterial pathogens. Novel drug targets are required in order to design new antimicrobials against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The complete genome sequences of an ever increasing number of pathogenic microbes constitute an invaluable resource and provide lead information on potential drug targets. This review focuses on in silico analyses of microbial genomes, their host-specific adaptations, with specific reference to genome architecture, design, evolution, and trends in computational identification of microbial drug targets. These trends underscore the utility of genomic data for systematic in silico drug target identification in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Sakharkar
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117 597 Singapore
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42
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Abstract
The growing problem of antibiotic resistance has been exacerbated by the use of new drugs that are merely variants of older overused antibiotics. While it is naive to expect to restrain the spread of resistance without controlling antibacterial usage, the desperate need for drugs with novel targets has been recognized by health organizations, industry and academia alike. The wealth of knowledge available about the bacterial cell-division pathway has aided target-driven approaches to identify novel inhibitors. Here, we discuss the therapeutic potential of inhibiting bacterial cell division, and review the progress made in this exciting new area of antibacterial discovery.
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Kumar S, Chaudhary K, Foster JM, Novelli JF, Zhang Y, Wang S, Spiro D, Ghedin E, Carlow CKS. Mining predicted essential genes of Brugia malayi for nematode drug targets. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1189. [PMID: 18000556 PMCID: PMC2063515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report results from the first genome-wide application of a rational drug target selection methodology to a metazoan pathogen genome, the completed draft sequence of Brugia malayi, a parasitic nematode responsible for human lymphatic filariasis. More than 1.5 billion people worldwide are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, a related filarial disease. Drug treatments for filariasis have not changed significantly in over 20 years, and with the risk of resistance rising, there is an urgent need for the development of new anti-filarial drug therapies. The recent publication of the draft genomic sequence for B. malayi enables a genome-wide search for new drug targets. However, there is no functional genomics data in B. malayi to guide the selection of potential drug targets. To circumvent this problem, we have utilized the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a surrogate for B. malayi. Sequence comparisons between the two genomes allow us to map C. elegans orthologs to B. malayi genes. Using these orthology mappings and by incorporating the extensive genomic and functional genomic data, including genome-wide RNAi screens, that already exist for C. elegans, we identify potentially essential genes in B. malayi. Further incorporation of human host genome sequence data and a custom algorithm for prioritization enables us to collect and rank nearly 600 drug target candidates. Previously identified potential drug targets cluster near the top of our prioritized list, lending credibility to our methodology. Over-represented Gene Ontology terms, predicted InterPro domains, and RNAi phenotypes of C. elegans orthologs associated with the potential target pool are identified. By virtue of the selection procedure, the potential B. malayi drug targets highlight components of key processes in nematode biology such as central metabolism, molting and regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kshitiz Chaudhary
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy M. Foster
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacopo F. Novelli
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shiliang Wang
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Spiro
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clotilde K. S. Carlow
- Division of Parasitology, New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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44
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Marques MA, Citron DM, Wang CC. Development of Tyrocidine A analogues with improved antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6667-77. [PMID: 17728134 PMCID: PMC2706120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antibacterial therapeutic agents capable of halting microbial resistance is a chief pursuit in clinical medicine. Classes of antibiotics that target and destroy bacterial membranes are attractive due to the decreased likelihood that bacteria will be able to generate resistance to this mechanism. The amphipathic cyclic decapeptide, Tyrocidine A, is a model for this class of antibiotics. Tyrocidine A is composed of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic face, allowing for insertion into bacterial membranes, creating porous channels and destroying membrane integrity. We have used a combination of molecular modeling and solid phase synthesis to prepare Tyrocidine A and analogues 1-8. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these compounds were determined for a host of gram positive species and E. coli as a representative gram negative bacterium. Analogues 2 and 5 demonstrated moderate 2- to 8-fold increases in antibacterial activity over the parent Tyrocidine A for a variety of pathogenic microbes (best MICs for E. coli 32 microg/mL and 2 microg/mL for most gram positives). Examination of the structure- activity relationship between the analogues demonstrated a preference for increased amphipathicity but did not show a clear preference for increasing hydrophilicity versus hydrophobicity in improving antibacterial activity. Of note, movement of positively charged lysine residues or neutral pentafluorophenyl residues to different positions within the cyclopeptide ring system demonstrated improvements in antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
| | - Diane M. Citron
- Microbial Research Lab, Los Angeles County, University of Southern California Medical Center, 1801 East Marengo Street 2G-24, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Clay C. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
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Sun Y, Wipat A, Pocock M, Lee PA, Flanagan K, Worthington JT. Exploring microbial genome sequences to identify protein families on the grid. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY 2007; 11:435-42. [PMID: 17674626 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2007.892913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of microbial genome sequences can identify protein families that provide potential drug targets for new antibiotics. With the rapid accumulation of newly sequenced genomes, this analysis has become a computationally intensive and data-intensive problem. This paper describes the development of a Web-service-enabled, component-based, architecture to support the large-scale comparative analysis of complete microbial genome sequences and the subsequent identification of orthologues and protein families (Microbase). The system is coordinated through the use of Web-service-based notifications and integrates distributed computing resources together with genomic databases to realize all-against-all comparisons for a large volume of genome sequences and to present the data in a computationally amenable format through a Web service interface. We demonstrate the use of the system in searching for orthologues and candidate protein families, which ultimately could lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Sun
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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46
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Huang SH, Wang X, Jong A. The evolving role of infectomics in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:961-975. [PMID: 23484816 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.7.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Signatures of infectomes, which are encoded by both host and microbial genomes, and mirror the interplay between pathogens and their hosts, provide invaluable knowledge in the search for novel antimicrobial drugs. Infectomics is the study of infectomes by using systems biology and high-throughput omic approaches. There are three types of infectomic approaches that can be used for drug discovery: ecological infectomics, immunoinfectomics and chemical infectomics. Ecological infectomics, which is the ecological study of infectomes, explores symbiotic solutions to microbial infections. Research on drug discovery using infectomic signatures and immunomic approaches falls within the field of immunoinfectomics. Advances in chemical infectomics will lead to the development of a new generation of chemical drugs for therapeutics for microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-He Huang
- University of Southern California, Division of Infectious Diseases, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Mailstop #51, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA +1 323 669 4160 ; +1 323 660 2661 ;
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47
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Lerner CG, Hajduk PJ, Wagner R, Wagenaar FL, Woodall C, Gu YG, Searle XB, Florjancic AS, Zhang T, Clark RF, Cooper CS, Mack JC, Yu L, Cai M, Betz SF, Chovan LE, McCall JO, Black-Schaefer CL, Kakavas SJ, Schurdak ME, Comess KM, Walter KA, Edalji R, Dorwin SA, Smith RA, Hebert EJ, Harlan JE, Metzger RE, Merta PJ, Baranowski JL, Coen ML, Thornewell SJ, Shivakumar AG, Saiki AY, Soni N, Bui M, Balli DJ, Sanders WJ, Nilius AM, Holzman TF, Fesik SW, Beutel BA. From Bacterial Genomes to Novel Antibacterial Agents: Discovery, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Compounds that Bind to HI0065 (YjeE) from Haemophilus influenzae. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:395-404. [PMID: 17581233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of a fully integrated and comprehensive strategy to discover novel antibacterial agents, NMR- and mass spectrometry-based affinity selection screens were performed to identify compounds that bind to protein targets uniquely found in bacteria and encoded by genes essential for microbial viability. A biphenyl acid lead series emerged from an NMR-based screen with the Haemophilus influenzae protein HI0065, a member of a family of probable ATP-binding proteins found exclusively in eubacteria. The structure-activity relationships developed around the NMR-derived biphenyl acid lead were consistent with on-target antibacterial activity as the Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial activity of the series correlated extremely well with binding affinity to HI0065, while the correlation of binding affinity with B-cell cytotoxicity was relatively poor. Although further studies are needed to conclusively establish the mode of action of the biphenyl series, these compounds represent novel leads that can serve as the basis for the development of novel antibacterial agents that appear to work via an unprecedented mechanism of action. Overall, these results support the genomics-driven hypothesis that targeting bacterial essential gene products that are not present in eukaryotic cells can identify novel antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude G Lerner
- Abbott Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6098, USA
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48
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Álvarez J, Vicente M. Using genomics to identify new targets and counteract resistance to antibiotics. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Vicente M, Hodgson J, Massidda O, Tonjum T, Henriques-Normark B, Ron EZ. The fallacies of hope: will we discover new antibiotics to combat pathogenic bacteria in time? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30:841-52. [PMID: 17064283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While newly developed technologies have revolutionized the classical approaches to combating infectious diseases, the difficulties associated with developing novel antimicrobials mean that these technologies have not yet been used to introduce new compounds into the market. The new technologies, including genomics and structural biology, open up exciting possibilities for the discovery of antibiotics. However, a substantial effort to pursue research, and moreover to incorporate the results into the production chain, is required in order to bring new antimicrobials to the final user. In the current scenario of emerging diseases and the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, an active policy to support these requirements is vital. Otherwise, many valuable programmes may never be fully developed for lack of "interest" and funds (private and public). Will we react in time to avoid potential disaster?
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vicente
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Mukhopadhyay A, Peterson RT. Fishing for new antimicrobials. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2006; 10:327-33. [PMID: 16822704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in the 1930s is arguably the most significant therapeutic advance in medical history. Penicillin and the sulfa drugs touched off the search for and discovery of countless derivative compounds and several new antibiotic classes. However, the pace of discovery has slowed down, and there is growing appreciation that much of the low-lying fruit accessible to traditional methods of antimicrobial discovery has been harvested. Combating emerging drug-resistant strains of infectious agents may require the adoption of fresh approaches to drug target validation, small-molecule discovery and safety assessment. The recent development of several infectious disease models in zebrafish raises the possibility of a new paradigm in antimicrobial discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Mukhopadhyay
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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