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Falk ID, Gál B, Bhattacharya A, Wei JH, Welander PV, Boxer SG, Burns NZ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Archaeal Lipid Parallel GDGT-0 (Isocaldarchaeol)*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17491-17496. [PMID: 33930240 PMCID: PMC12103258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) are some of the most unusual membrane lipids identified in nature. These amphiphiles are the major constituents of the membranes of numerous Archaea, some of which are extremophilic organisms. Due to their unique structures, there has been significant interest in studying both the biophysical properties and the biosynthesis of these molecules. However, these studies have thus far been hampered by limited access to chemically pure samples. Herein, we report a concise and stereoselective synthesis of the archaeal tetraether lipid parallel GDGT-0 and the synthesis and self-assembly of derivatives bearing different polar groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Falk
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bálint Gál
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jeremy H Wei
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Steven G Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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2
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Falk ID, Gál B, Bhattacharya A, Wei JH, Welander PV, Boxer SG, Burns NZ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Archaeal Lipid Parallel GDGT‐0 (Isocaldarchaeol)**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D. Falk
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Bálint Gál
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Jeremy H. Wei
- Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Paula V. Welander
- Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Steven G. Boxer
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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3
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Andringa RLH, de Kok NAW, Driessen AJM, Minnaard AJ. A Unified Approach for the Total Synthesis of cyclo-Archaeol, iso-Caldarchaeol, Caldarchaeol, and Mycoketide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17497-17503. [PMID: 33929790 PMCID: PMC8362178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed asymmetric alkene hydrogenation is presented as the strategy par excellence to prepare saturated isoprenoids and mycoketides. This highly stereoselective synthesis approach is combined with an established 13 C-NMR method to determine the enantioselectivity of each methyl-branched stereocenter. It is shown that this analysis is fit for purpose and the combination allows the synthesis of the title compounds with a significant increase in efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben L. H. Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels A. W. de Kok
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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4
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Andringa RLH, Kok NAW, Driessen AJM, Minnaard AJ. A Unified Approach for the Total Synthesis of
cyclo
‐Archaeol,
iso
‐Caldarchaeol, Caldarchaeol, and Mycoketide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben L. H. Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Niels A. W. Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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5
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Synthesis of Fluorescent Membrane-Spanning Lipids for Studies of Lipid Transfer and Membrane Fusion. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1949:307-324. [PMID: 30790264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For uncompromised in vitro assays for intermembrane lipid transfer and membrane fusion fluorescent membrane-spanning lipids have proved to be invaluable tools. These lipids in contrast to phosphoglycerolipids and sphingolipids are resistant to spontaneous as well as protein-mediated intermembrane transfer. Here I describe the synthesis of some homo-substituted fluorescent bipolar membrane-spanning lipids that bear a fluorescent tag either directly or via a phosphoethanolamine spacer to the lipid core. For the synthesis the lipid core of the bipolar membrane-spanning lipids, i.e., the tetraether lipid caldarchaeol, is prepared from cultures of the archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum.
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6
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Matsueda Y, Xu S, Negishi EI. A novel highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of vitamin E side-chain. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Terme N, Jacquemet A, Benvegnu T, Vié V, Lemiègre L. Modification of bipolar lipid conformation at the air/water interface by a single stereochemical variation. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Gambacorta A, Gliozzi A, De Rosa M. Archaeal lipids and their biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 11:115-31. [PMID: 24414415 DOI: 10.1007/bf00339140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lipids of Archaea, based on glycerol isopranoid ethers, can be used taxonomically to distinguish between phenotypic subgroups of the domain to delineate them clearly from all other organisms. This review is a general survey of the structural features of archaeal lipids and how they relate to survival in the harsh environments in which the Archaea live. The molecular organization of archaeal lipids in monolayers, artificial black membranes and vesicles and the unique properties and possible biotechnological applications of liposomes of the lipids are presented. The results with these liposomes are compared with similar data obtained with synthetic compounds which mimic the structure of archaeal lipids. Studies on computer simulation are also reported.
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9
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Li NS, Piccirilli JA. Synthesis of stereopure acyclic 1,5-dimethylalkane chirons: building blocks of highly methyl-branched natural products. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Li NS, Scharf L, Adams EJ, Piccirilli JA. Highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide: a natural product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5970-86. [PMID: 23724960 DOI: 10.1021/jo4006602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide (C32-MPM), a naturally occurring glycolipid found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acts as a potent antigen to activate T-cells upon presentation by CD1c protein. The lipid portion of C32-MPM contains a C32-mycoketide, consisting of a saturated oligoisoprenoid chain with five chiral methyl branches. Here we develop several stereocontrolled approaches to assemble the oligoisoprenoid chain with high stereopurity (>96%) using Julia-Kocienski olefinations followed by diimide reduction. By careful choice of olefination sites, we could derive all chirality from a single commercial compound, methyl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (>99% ee). Our approach is the first highly stereocontrolled method to prepare C32-MPM molecule with >96% stereopurity from a single >99% ee starting material. We anticipate that our methods will facilitate the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a variety of other natural products containing chiral oligoisoprenoid-like chains, including vitamins, phytol, insect pheromones, and archaeal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
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11
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Ferrer C, Fodran P, Barroso S, Gibson R, Hopmans EC, Damsté JS, Schouten S, Minnaard AJ. Asymmetric synthesis of cyclo-archaeol and β-glucosyl cyclo-archaeol. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2482-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Jacquemet A, Lemiègre L, Lambert O, Benvegnu T. How the Stereochemistry of a Central Cyclopentyl Ring Influences the Self-Assembling Properties of Archaeal Lipid Analogues: Synthesis and CryoTEM Observations. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9738-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Jacquemet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue
du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7,
France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, France
| | - Loı̈c Lemiègre
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue
du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7,
France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, France
| | - Olivier Lambert
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes
UMR CNRS 5248 − Université Bordeaux 1-IPB, IECB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac,
France
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue
du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7,
France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, France
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13
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Jeworrek C, Evers F, Erlkamp M, Grobelny S, Tolan M, Chong PLG, Winter R. Structure and phase behavior of archaeal lipid monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13113-13121. [PMID: 21910469 DOI: 10.1021/la202027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements of archaeal bipolar tetraether lipid monolayers at the air-water interface. Specifically, Langmuir films made of the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius grown at three different temperatures, i.e., 68, 76, and 81 °C, were examined. The dependence of the structure and packing properties of PLFE monolayers on surface pressure were analyzed in a temperature range between 10 and 50 °C at different pH values. Additionally, the interaction of PLFE monolayers (using lipids derived from cells grown at 76 °C) with the ion channel peptide gramicidin was investigated as a function of surface pressure. A total monolayer thickness of approximately 30 Å was found for all monolayers, hinting at a U-shaped conformation of the molecules with both head groups in contact with the interface. The monolayer thickness increased with rising film pressure and decreased with increasing temperature. At 10 and 20 °C, large, highly crystalline domains were observed by GIXD, whereas at higher temperatures no distinct crystallinity could be observed. For lipids derived from cells grown at higher temperatures, a slightly more rigid structure in the lipid dibiphytanyl chains was observed. A change in the pH of the subphase had an influence only on the structure of the lipid head groups. The addition of gramicidin to an PLFE monolayer led to a more disordered state as observed by XRR. In GIXD measurements, no major changes in lateral organization could be observed, except for a decrease of the size of crystalline domains, indicating that gramicidin resides mainly in the disordered areas of the monolayer and causes local membrane perturbation, only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jeworrek
- Physical Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Magnusson CD, Haraldsson GG. Ether lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:315-40. [PMID: 21635876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols and their methoxylated congeners, 1-O-(2'-methoxyalkyl)-sn-glycerols, are biologically active compounds, ubiquitously found in nature as diacyl glyceryl ether lipids and phosphoether lipids. The chief objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up to date review on such ether lipids. The occurrence and distribution of these compounds in nature are extensively reviewed, their chemical structure and molecular variety, their biosynthesis and chemical synthesis and, finally, their various biological effects are described and discussed. An unprecedented biosynthesis of the 2'-methoxylated alkylglycerols is proposed. The first synthesis of enantiopure (Z)-(2'R)-1-O-(2'-methoxyhexadec-4'-enyl)-sn-glycerol, the most prevalent 2'-methoxylated type alkylglycerol present in cartilaginous fish, is described. It was accomplished by a highly convergent five step process.
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15
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Chong PLG. Archaebacterial bipolar tetraether lipids: Physico-chemical and membrane properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:253-65. [PMID: 20060818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar tetraether lipids (BTL) are abundant in archaea and can be chemically synthesized. The structures of BTL are distinctly different from the lipids found in bacteria and eukaryotes. In aqueous solution, BTL can form extraordinarily stable liposomes with different sizes, lamellarities and membrane packing densities. BTL liposomes can serve as membrane models for understanding the structure-function relationship of the plasma membrane in thermoacidophiles and can be used for technological applications. This article reviews the separation, characterization and structures of BTL as well as the physical properties and technological applications of BTL liposomes. One of the structural features of BTL is the presence of cyclopentane rings in the lipid hydrocarbon core. Archaea use the cyclopentane ring as an adaptation strategy to cope with high growth temperature. Special attention of this article is focused on how the number of cyclopentane rings varies with environmental factors and affects membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkson Lee-Gau Chong
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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16
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Abstract
In order to survive extremes of pH, temperature, salinity and pressure, organisms have been found to develop unique defences against their environment, leading to the biosynthesis of novel molecules ranging from simple osmolytes and lipids to complex secondary metabolites. This review highlights novel molecules isolated from microorganisms that either tolerate or favour extreme growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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17
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Abstract
The dependence of polyketide synthase and terpene cyclase mechanistic adaptation on the chemistry of their oligomeric substrates illuminates a convergent evolutionary strategy for shaping cyclization in these otherwise disparate reactions. Evolution of these enzyme families relies on rhythmic tangos, in which the enzymes and substrates together determine product outcome by negotiating decision networks governing intrinsic and induced chemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Austin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | - Paul E O’Maille
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | - Joseph P Noel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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18
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Thulasiram HV, Erickson HK, Poulter CD. Chimeras of Two Isoprenoid Synthases Catalyze All Four Coupling Reactions in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis. Science 2007; 316:73-6. [PMID: 17412950 DOI: 10.1126/science.1137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The carbon skeletons of over 55,000 naturally occurring isoprenoid compounds are constructed from four fundamental coupling reactions: chain elongation, cyclopropanation, branching, and cyclobutanation. Enzymes that catalyze chain elongation and cyclopropanation are well studied, whereas those that catalyze branching and cyclobutanation are unknown. We have catalyzed the four reactions with chimeric proteins generated by replacing segments of a chain-elongation enzyme with corresponding sequences from a cyclopropanation enzyme. Stereochemical and mechanistic considerations suggest that the four coupling enzymes could have evolved from a common ancestor through relatively small changes in the catalytic site.
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19
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Lutnaes BF, Krane J, Smith BE, Rowland SJ. Structure elucidation of C80, C81 and C82 isoprenoid tetraacids responsible for naphthenate deposition in crude oil production. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1873-7. [PMID: 17551635 DOI: 10.1039/b701462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of C(80) isoprenoid 20-bis-16,16'-biphytanyl tetraacids has previously been found to be responsible for calcium naphthenate scaling in crude oil processing. This paper describes the structure elucidation by high-field NMR spectroscopy of the structures of the series of homologous C(80) tetraacids containing 4-8 five-membered rings. In addition, the structures of methyl-substituted C(81) and C(82) analogues containing 7 and 8 five-membered rings have been determined for the first time. The biosynthetic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjart F Lutnaes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Koga Y, Morii H. Special methods for the analysis of ether lipid structure and metabolism in archaea. Anal Biochem 2006; 348:1-14. [PMID: 15993370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Koga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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21
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Zhang H, Shibuya K, Hemmi H, Nishino T, Prestwich GD. Total synthesis of geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate enantiomers: substrates for characterization of 2,3-O-digeranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase. Org Lett 2006; 8:943-6. [PMID: 16494480 PMCID: PMC2543118 DOI: 10.1021/ol0530878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the enantioselectivity of (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase (DGGGPS) from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, we developed an efficient enantioselective route to the enantiomeric geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphates (R)-GGGP and (S)-GGGP. Previous routes to these substrates involved enzymatic conversions due to the lability of the polyprenyl chains toward common phosphorylation reaction conditions. The synthesis described herein employs a mild trimethyl phosphite/carbon tetrabromide oxidative phosphorylation to circumvent this problem. In contrast to previous results suggesting that only (S)-GGGP can act as the prenyl acceptor substrate, both (R)-GGGP and (S)-GGGP were found to be substrates for DGGGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA
| | - Kyohei Shibuya
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tokuzo Nishino
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA
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22
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Lutnaes BF, Brandal Ø, Sjöblom J, Krane J. Archaeal C80 isoprenoid tetraacids responsible for naphthenate deposition in crude oil processing. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:616-20. [PMID: 16467934 DOI: 10.1039/b516907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a novel class of octaterpene tetracarboxylic acids which is responsible for naphthenate deposition in crude oil processing has been determined by NMR and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjart Frode Lutnaes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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23
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Yamauchi N, Ueoka H, Kamada N, Murae T. Resemblance of Carbocycle Formation from Carbohydrates between Archaea and Eucarya/Eubacteria. Biosynthesis of Calditol, the Characteristic Lipid-Content Molecule inSulfolobus acidocaldarius. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Barkley SJ, Cornish RM, Poulter CD. Identification of an Archaeal type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:1811-7. [PMID: 14996812 PMCID: PMC355898 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.6.1811-1817.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 10/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP):dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of the fundamental five-carbon homoallylic and allylic diphosphate building blocks required for biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds. Two different isomerases have been reported. The type I enzyme, first characterized in the late 1950s, is widely distributed in eukaryota and eubacteria. The type II enzyme was recently discovered in Streptomyces sp. strain CL190. Open reading frame 48 (ORF48) in the archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus encodes a putative type II IPP isomerase. A plasmid-encoded copy of the ORF complemented IPP isomerase activity in vivo in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain RMC29, which contains chromosomal knockouts in the genes for type I IPP isomerase (idi) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (dxs). The dxs gene was interrupted with a synthetic operon containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes erg8, erg12, and erg19 allowing for the conversion of mevalonic acid to IPP by the mevalonate pathway. His6-tagged M. thermautotrophicus type II IPP isomerase was produced in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+ chromatography. The purified protein was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The enzyme has optimal activity at 70 degrees C and pH 6.5. NADPH, flavin mononucleotide, and Mg2+ are required cofactors. The steady-state kinetic constants for the archaeal type II IPP isomerase from M. thermautotrophicus are as follows: K(m), 64 microM; specific activity, 0.476 micromol mg(-1) min(-1); and k(cat), 1.6 s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Barkley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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25
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Metzler DE, Metzler CM, Sauke DJ. Polyprenyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Lange BM, Rujan T, Martin W, Croteau R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: the evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:13172-7. [PMID: 11078528 PMCID: PMC27197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.240454797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, the most ancient and diverse class of natural products. Two distinct routes of IPP biosynthesis occur in nature: the mevalonate pathway and the recently discovered deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway. The evolutionary history of the enzymes involved in both routes and the phylogenetic distribution of their genes across genomes suggest that the mevalonate pathway is germane to archaebacteria, that the DXP pathway is germane to eubacteria, and that eukaryotes have inherited their genes for IPP biosynthesis from prokaryotes. The occurrence of genes specific to the DXP pathway is restricted to plastid-bearing eukaryotes, indicating that these genes were acquired from the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids. However, the individual phylogenies of these genes, with only one exception, do not provide evidence for a specific affinity between the plant genes and their cyanobacterial homologues. The results suggest that lateral gene transfer between eubacteria subsequent to the origin of plastids has played a major role in the evolution of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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27
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Bakowsky U, Rothe U, Antonopoulos E, Martini T, Henkel L, Freisleben HJ. Monomolecular organization of the main tetraether lipid from Thermoplasma acidophilum at the water-air interface. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 105:31-42. [PMID: 10727112 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(99)00131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The monomolecular organization of the main tetraether phospholipid from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum was studied by means of a Langmuir film balance integrated into a fluorescence microscope. After transfer to solid surfaces at different pressures the films were further investigated by ellipsometry, small angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. In order to complete former results about the main tetraether phospholipid of T. acidophilum [Strobl, C., Six, L., Heckmann, K., Henkel, B., Ring, K., 1985. Z. Naturforsch. 40c, 219-222], the thickness and the two-dimensional organization of the monomolecular films were investigated. Two mean heights values were determined, one of 1.5-1.8 nm and another one of 4-5 nm, indicative for two different molecular arrangements. The former one is interpreted as a 'horseshoe' organization with two polar endings in the aqueous subphase, whereas the latter appears to represent the upright population of molecules with one polar end in the subphase and the other one in the air. In freshly spread and compressed films small domains of the upright lipid population are initially observed, which enlarge with increasing pressure. These domains are no longer existent after 12 h of spreading without compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bakowsky
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Medizinischen Fakultät, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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28
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Lecollinet G, Auzély-Velty R, Danel M, Benvegnu T, Mackenzie G, Goodby JW, Plusquellec D. Synthetic Approaches to Novel Archaeal Tetraether Glycolipid Analogues. J Org Chem 1999; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 11674413 DOI: 10.1021/jo9822028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical archaeal tetraether glycolipid analogues have been prepared. The syntheses are based upon the elaboration of lipid cores from versatile chiral starting materials followed by simultaneous or sequential introduction of polar headgroups. Three pathways (A-C) were elaborated for the synthesis of stereochemically defined lipids 14-16 characterized by a straight bridging spacer and two dihydrocitronellyl chains attached to glycerol units at the sn-3 and sn-2 positions, respectively. Pathway C appeared to be particularly advantageous for the synthesis of tetraether 9, which possesses a cyclopentane unit as found in thermoacidophilic lipids. Diglycosylated lipids 4-6 were produced in 49-53% yields by reaction of diols 14-16 with beta-D-galactofuranosyl donor 31, whereas unsymmetrical lipids possessing either two different carbohydrate units 7 or a saccharidic moiety and a phosphate group 8 were efficiently prepared from monoprotected diol 35. These compounds represent the first examples of tetraether-type analogues containing a phosphate unit and/or glycosyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lecollinet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Laboratoire de Synthèses et Activations de Biomolécules, associé au CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France, and The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and the Environment, The University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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29
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Bassilana C, Martin B, Cambon A. Synthesis of new β-hydroxylated and β-carboxylated bisquaternary ammonium salts containing fluorinated spacer groups. J Fluor Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(98)00266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Eguchi T, Morita M, Kakinuma K. Multigram Synthesis of Mevalonolactone-d9 and Its Application to Stereochemical Analysis by 1H NMR of the Saturation Reaction in the Biosynthesis of the 2,3-Di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol Core of the Archaeal Membrane Lipid. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja974387q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Eguchi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Mikio Morita
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kakinuma
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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31
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Eguchi T, Ibaragi K, Kakinuma K. Total Synthesis of Archaeal 72-Membered Macrocyclic Tetraether Lipids. J Org Chem 1998; 63:2689-2698. [PMID: 11672138 DOI: 10.1021/jo972328p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of archaeal 72-membered macrocyclic tetraether lipids 3a and 3b is reported. The synthesis was principally composed of preparation of the functionalized half-sized diether compounds 11 and 15 first followed by appropriate dimerization through Julia coupling and final macrocyclization of the crucial dialdehydes 23 and 31 by McMurry coupling. This strategy appeared to be advantageous for the stereoselective synthesis of both natural 72-membered tetraether lipids 3a and 3b using common synthetic intermediates. In addition, this approach was so designed that its synthetic flexibility would allow construction of unnatural structural variants for physicochemical studies. Also described are the results of differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the synthesized lipids 3a and 3b. Both 3a and 3b showed almost the same phase behavior with the broad endothermic phase transition at -53 degrees C. The enthalpy of the phase transition, DeltaH, was estimated to be 1.8 and 1.9 kcal/mol for 3a and 3b, respectively. The physicochemical as well as polymorphismic properties of 3a and 3b turned out to be indistinguishable despite of their regioisomeric structures. The physical structure of the phases in terms of the chemical structure is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan
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32
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33
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Eguchi T, Arakawa K, Terachi T, Kakinuma K. Total Synthesis of Archaeal 36-Membered Macrocyclic Diether Lipid. J Org Chem 1997; 62:1924-1933. [PMID: 11671492 DOI: 10.1021/jo962327h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of archaeal 36-membered macrocyclic diether lipid 2 is reported. The synthesis is based upon stereoselective preparation of functionalized isoprenoid chains, ether-linkage formation between the isoprenoid chains with a glycerol derivative, and the ultimate intramolecular dicarbonyl coupling using low-valent titanium known as McMurry coupling. This synthetic method has successfully provided the first practical route to chemically defined archaeal macrocyclic membrane lipids, which were not available because of the lack of synthetic access. Also described is a highly stereoselective and convenient synthesis of stereochemically homogeneous archaeal biphytanyl glycerol lipid 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan
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34
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Berkowitz WF, Wu Y. A C10 Chiron Applicable to the Synthesis of Archaebacterial Lipids. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo961911n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - Yanzhong Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367
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35
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Gräther O, Arigoni D. Detection of regioisomeric macrocyclic tetraethers in the lipids of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and other archaeal organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c39950000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Sprott GD, Ferrante G, Ekiel I. Tetraether lipids of Methanospirillum hungatei with head groups consisting of phospho-N,N-dimethylaminopentanetetrol, phospho-N,N,N-trimethylaminopentanetetrol, and carbohydrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1214:234-42. [PMID: 7918605 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic, standard tetraether and diether lipids each account for about 50% of the total ether lipids found in Methanospirillum hungatei. Sixteen ether lipids were purified and defined according to relative weight percentage and staining reactions on thin-layer plates. Structures were elucidated for six previously uncharacterized tetraether lipids. Four of these lipids had as one head group either alpha-glcp-(1-2)-beta-gal(f)-, or beta-gal(f)-(1-6)-beta-gal(f)-, in glycosidic linkage to the first glycerol of the lipid backbone, and either a N,N-dimethyl-aminopentanetetrol or a N,N,N-trimethylaminopentanetetrol moiety in phosphodiester linkage to the second glycerol of the backbone. A fifth lipid was a tetraether structure novel in having carbohydrate moieties at both head group positions; namely alpha-glcp-(1-2)-gal(f)- and beta-gal(f)-. Two other lipids, a diether and a tetraether, had a single head group consisting of alpha-glcp-(1-2)-beta-gal(f)- modified by O-acetylation of the gal(f) residue at C-6. In addition to the seven new lipids described above, diether and tetraether analogs of phosphatidylglycerol were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Sprott
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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37
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(S)-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase. Purification and characterization of the first pathway-specific enzyme in archaebacterial membrane lipid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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38
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39
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The total synthesis of the archaebacterial C40-diol and its enantiomer based on (R)-5-acetoxy-4-methylpentanoic acid. Russ Chem Bull 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00702017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Czeskis BA, Alexeev IG, Moiseenkovt AM. Total Synthesis of the Archaebacterial C40-Diol and its Enantiomer Based on(R)-5-Acetoxy-4-methylpentanoic Acid. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 1993. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1993v003n03abeh000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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42
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The fate of the hydrogens of d-glucose during the lipid biosynthesis and stereochemistry of the triose-phosphate isomerase reaction in archaebacteria Halobacterium halobium. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Rosa
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Macromolecole, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Dell'Università di Napoli, Italia
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44
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Lanzotti V, De Rosa M, Trincone A, Basso AL, Gambacorta A, Zillig W. Complex lipids from Desulfurococcus mobilis, a sulfur-reducing archaebacterium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(87)90142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Guella G, Mancini I, Pietra F. Raspailynes, Novel Long-Chain Acetylenic Enol Ethers of Glycerol from the Marine SpongesRaspailia pumila andRaspailia ramosa. Helv Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19870700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Delfino JM, Stankovic CJ, Schreiber SL, Richards FM. Synthesis of a bipolar phosphatidylethanolamine: A model compound for a membrane-spanning probe. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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