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Nieves-Colón MA, Badillo Rivera KM, Sandoval K, Villanueva Dávalos V, Enriquez Lencinas LE, Mendoza-Revilla J, Adhikari K, González-Buenfil R, Chen JW, Zhang ET, Sockell A, Ortiz-Tello P, Hurtado GM, Condori Salas R, Cebrecos R, Manzaneda Choque JC, Manzaneda Choque FP, Yábar Pilco GP, Rawls E, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard E, Ruiz-Linares A, González-José R, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Bortolini MC, Poletti G, Gallo C, Bustamante CD, Baker JC, Gignoux CR, Wojcik GL, Moreno-Estrada A. Clotting factor genes are associated with preeclampsia in high-altitude pregnant women in the Peruvian Andes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1117-1139. [PMID: 35588731 PMCID: PMC9247825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-organ complication of pregnancy characterized by sudden hypertension and proteinuria that is among the leading causes of preterm delivery and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The heterogeneity of preeclampsia poses a challenge for understanding its etiology and molecular basis. Intriguingly, risk for the condition increases in high-altitude regions such as the Peruvian Andes. To investigate the genetic basis of preeclampsia in a population living at high altitude, we characterized genome-wide variation in a cohort of preeclamptic and healthy Andean families (n = 883) from Puno, Peru, a city located above 3,800 meters of altitude. Our study collected genomic DNA and medical records from case-control trios and duos in local hospital settings. We generated genotype data for 439,314 SNPs, determined global ancestry patterns, and mapped associations between genetic variants and preeclampsia phenotypes. A transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) revealed variants near genes of biological importance for placental and blood vessel function. The top candidate region was found on chromosome 13 of the fetal genome and contains clotting factor genes PROZ, F7, and F10. These findings provide supporting evidence that common genetic variants within coagulation genes play an important role in preeclampsia. A selection scan revealed a potential adaptive signal around the ADAM12 locus on chromosome 10, implicated in pregnancy disorders. Our discovery of an association in a functional pathway relevant to pregnancy physiology in an understudied population of Native American origin demonstrates the increased power of family-based study design and underscores the importance of conducting genetic research in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Nieves-Colón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | - Karla Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México
| | | | | | - Javier Mendoza-Revilla
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Ram González-Buenfil
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México
| | - Jessica W Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elisa T Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Gloria Malena Hurtado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Ramiro Condori Salas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Ricardo Cebrecos
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Erin Rawls
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Esteban Burchard
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13005 Marseille, France; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Rolando González-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET y Programa Nacional de Referencia y Biobanco Genómico de la Población Argentina (PoblAr), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquía, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá, Tarapacá, Chile; Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie C Baker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, México.
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2
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Stringer-Reasor EM, Elkhanany A, Khoury K, Simon MA, Newman LA. Disparities in Breast Cancer Associated With African American Identity. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:e29-e46. [PMID: 34161138 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_319929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent disparities in the burden of breast cancer between African Americans and White Americans have been documented over many decades. Features characterizing breast cancer in the African American community include a 40% higher mortality rate, younger age distribution, greater advanced-stage distribution, increased risk of biologically aggressive disease such as the triple-negative phenotype, and increased incidence of male breast cancer. Public health experts, genetics researchers, clinical trialists, multidisciplinary oncology teams, and advocates must collaborate to comprehensively address the multifactorial etiology of and remedies for breast cancer disparities. Efforts to achieve breast health equity through improved access to affordable, high-quality care are especially imperative in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionately high economic toll on African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Stringer-Reasor
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ahmed Elkhanany
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Katia Khoury
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Melissa A Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa A Newman
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital Network, New York, NY
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3
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Abstract
As human populations spread across the world, they adapted genetically to local conditions. So too did the resident microorganism communities that everyone carries with them. However, the collective influence of the diverse and dynamic community of resident microbes on host evolution is poorly understood. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota varies among individuals and displays a range of sometimes redundant functions that modify the physicochemical environment of the host and may alter selection pressures. Here we review known human traits and genes for which the microbiota may have contributed or responded to changes in host diet, climate, or pathogen exposure. Integrating host–microbiota interactions in human adaptation could offer new approaches to improve our understanding of human health and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi A. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E. Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Fox K, Rallapalli KL, Komor AC. Rewriting Human History and Empowering Indigenous Communities with Genome Editing Tools. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E88. [PMID: 31940934 PMCID: PMC7016644 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate empirical-based evidence and detailed theoretical considerations should be used for evolutionary explanations of phenotypic variation observed in the field of human population genetics (especially Indigenous populations). Investigators within the population genetics community frequently overlook the importance of these criteria when associating observed phenotypic variation with evolutionary explanations. A functional investigation of population-specific variation using cutting-edge genome editing tools has the potential to empower the population genetics community by holding "just-so" evolutionary explanations accountable. Here, we detail currently available precision genome editing tools and methods, with a particular emphasis on base editing, that can be applied to functionally investigate population-specific point mutations. We use the recent identification of thrifty mutations in the CREBRF gene as an example of the current dire need for an alliance between the fields of population genetics and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kartik Lakshmi Rallapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Alexis C. Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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5
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Huang T, Wang T, Heianza Y, Wiggs J, Sun D, Choi HK, Chai JF, Sim X, Khor CC, Friedlander Y, Chan AT, Curhan G, Vivo ID, van Dam RM, Heng CK, Fuchs C, Pasquale LR, Yuan JM, Hu FB, Koh WP, Qi L. Fish and marine fatty acids intakes, the FADS genotypes and long-term weight gain: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022877. [PMID: 31371282 PMCID: PMC6678013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested whether genetic variants near fatty acid desaturases gene (FADS) cluster, which were recently identified to be signatures of adaptation to fish-rich and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-rich diet, interacted with these dietary factors on change in body mass index (BMI). DESIGN Three FADS variants were examined for gene-diet interactions on long-term (~10 years) changes in BMI and body weight in four prospective cohort studies. SETTING Population based study. PARTICIPANTS 11 323 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 6833 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and replicated in 6254 women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and 5 264 Chinese from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS). MAIN OUTCOMES Long-term (~10 years) changes in BMI and body weight. RESULTS In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, food-sourced n-3 PUFAs intake showed interactions with the FADS rs174570 on changes of BMI (P for interaction=0.02 in NHS, 0.05 in HPFS and 0.007 in combined). Such interactions were replicated in two independent cohorts WHI and SCHS (P for interaction=0.04 in WHI, 0.02 in SCHS and 0.001 in combined). The genetic associations of the FADS rs174570 with changes in BMI increased across the tertiles of n-3 PUFAs in all the cohorts. Fish intake also accentuated the genetic associations of the FADS rs174570 with long-term changes in BMI (pooled P for interaction=0.006). Viewed differently, long chain n-3 PUFAs intake showed stronger association with long-term changes in BMI among the rs174570 T carriers (beta=0.79 kg/m2 per g, p=3×10-5) than the rs174570 non-T carriers (beta=0.16 kg/m2 per g, p=0.08). Similar results were observed for fish intake. CONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis-driven analyses provide replicable evidence that long chain n-3 PUFAs and fish intakes may interact with the FADS variant on long-term weight gain. Further investigation is needed to confirm our findings in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janey Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hyon-Kyoo Choi
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital—Harvard Medical School Center for Nervous System Repair, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Curhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rob Martinu van Dam
- Department of Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian-min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woon Puay Koh
- Department of Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Iranmehr A, Stobdan T, Zhou D, Poulsen O, Strohl KP, Aldashev A, Telenti A, Wong EHM, Kirkness EF, Venter JC, Bafna V, Haddad GG. Novel insight into the genetic basis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in Kyrgyz highlanders. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:150-159. [PMID: 30254217 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central Asian Kyrgyz highland population provides a unique opportunity to address genetic diversity and understand the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Although a significant fraction of the population is unaffected, there are susceptible individuals who display HAPH in the absence of any lung, cardiac or hematologic disease. We report herein the analysis of the whole-genome sequencing of healthy individuals compared with HAPH patients and other controls (total n = 33). Genome scans reveal selection signals in various regions, encompassing multiple genes from the first whole-genome sequences focusing on HAPH. We show here evidence of three candidate genes MTMR4, TMOD3 and VCAM1 that are functionally associated with well-known molecular and pathophysiological processes and which likely lead to HAPH in this population. These processes are (a) dysfunctional BMP signaling, (b) disrupted tissue repair processes and (c) abnormal endothelial cell function. Whole-genome sequence of well-characterized patients and controls and using multiple statistical tools uncovered novel candidate genes that belong to pathways central to the pathogenesis of HAPH. These studies on high-altitude human populations are pertinent to the understanding of sea level diseases involving hypoxia as a main element of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Iranmehr
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Orit Poulsen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Almaz Aldashev
- National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J Craig Venter
- Human Longevity Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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7
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Gokcumen O. The Year In Genetic Anthropology: New Lands, New Technologies, New Questions. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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8
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Fan S, Hansen MEB, Lo Y, Tishkoff SA. Going global by adapting local: A review of recent human adaptation. Science 2017; 354:54-59. [PMID: 27846491 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The spread of modern humans across the globe has led to genetic adaptations to diverse local environments. Recent developments in genomic technologies, statistical analyses, and expanded sampled populations have led to improved identification and fine-mapping of genetic variants associated with adaptations to regional living conditions and dietary practices. Ongoing efforts in sequencing genomes of indigenous populations, accompanied by the growing availability of "-omics" and ancient DNA data, promises a new era in our understanding of recent human evolution and the origins of variable traits and disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Fan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew E B Hansen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yancy Lo
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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A thrifty variant in CREBRF strongly influences body mass index in Samoans. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1049-1054. [PMID: 27455349 PMCID: PMC5069069 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Samoans are a unique founder population with a high prevalence of obesity, making them well suited for identifying new genetic contributors to obesity. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 3,072 Samoans, discovered a variant, rs12513649, strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 5.3 × 10(-14)), and replicated the association in 2,102 additional Samoans (P = 1.2 × 10(-9)). Targeted sequencing identified a strongly associated missense variant, rs373863828 (p.Arg457Gln), in CREBRF (meta P = 1.4 × 10(-20)). Although this variant is extremely rare in other populations, it is common in Samoans (frequency of 0.259), with an effect size much larger than that of any other known common BMI risk variant (1.36-1.45 kg/m(2) per copy of the risk-associated allele). In comparison to wild-type CREBRF, the Arg457Gln variant when overexpressed selectively decreased energy use and increased fat storage in an adipocyte cell model. These data, in combination with evidence of positive selection of the allele encoding p.Arg457Gln, support a 'thrifty' variant hypothesis as a factor in human obesity.
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10
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Bankoff RJ, Perry GH. Hunter-gatherer genomics: evolutionary insights and ethical considerations. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 41:1-7. [PMID: 27400119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hunting and gathering societies currently comprise only a small proportion of all human populations. However, the geographic and environmental diversity of modern hunter-gatherer groups, their inherent dependence on ecological resources, and their connection to patterns of behavior and subsistence that represent the vast majority of human history provide opportunities for scientific research to deliver major insights into the evolutionary history of our species. We review recent evolutionary genomic studies of hunter-gatherers, focusing especially on those that identify and functionally characterize phenotypic adaptations to local environments. We also call attention to specific ethical issues that scientists conducting hunter-gatherer genomics research ought to consider, including potential social and economic tensions between traditionally mobile hunter-gatherers and the land ownership-based nation-states by which they are governed, and the implications of genomic-based evidence of long-term evolutionary associations with particular habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bankoff
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Program in Bioethics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - George H Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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