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He J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li D, Xu Q. FTO regulates osteoclast development by modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory conditions. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111098. [PMID: 38365111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease that causes alveolar bone destruction by activating osteoclast. FTO, a crucial demethylase of N6-methyladenosine(m6A), exerts essential function in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the effects of FTO on periodontitis-related bone destruction remain unknown. To investigate its role in inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, we overexpressed FTO in osteoclast precursor cells; RNA-seq revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA damage response and apoptosis in FTO overexpression cells during RANKL and LPS-stimulated osteoclast differentiation. FTO overexpression upregulated the expression of S phase-related proteins (Cyclin A2, CDK2), and decreased the expression of DNA damage related proteins in osteoclast precursor cells. FTO promoted cell proliferation demonstrated by EdU and CCK8 assay, and reduced apoptotic rate and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in osteoclast precursor cell. Conversely, FTO inhibitor FB23-2 produced the reverse effect. Mechanistically, FTO overexpression promoted the stability of CyclinA2 and CDK2 mRNA. These results were consistent in m6A binding protein YTHDF2 knockdown cells. Moreover, FB23-2 suppressed osteoclast-related gene expression, osteoclast formation and bone resorption ability. Treatment of FB23-2 reduced the alveolar bone loss in mice of experimental periodontitis. Collectively, our findings revealed that FTO enhanced the mRNA stability and expression of Cyclin A2, CDK2 in a YTHDF2-dependent manner in osteoclast precursor cells, promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. FB23-2 reduced the formation of osteoclasts, resulted in alleviating the bone destruction in periodontitis mice. These findings indicated that FTO might be the potential target of the treatment of bone loss in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Zhanqi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Di Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Qiong Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
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Walach MT, Nitschke K, Groß-Weege M, Großhans J, Wildner L, Pause L, Jarczyk J, Wessels F, Neuberger M, Kowalewski KF, Kriegmair MC, Popovic ZV, Gaiser T, Worst TS, Nuhn P. Cyclin A2 Expression as Predictive Biomarker in Muscle-Invasive Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Urol Int 2024; 108:128-136. [PMID: 38224675 DOI: 10.1159/000536184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of altered Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) gene expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and to assess its predictive potential as a prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. METHODS 62 patients who underwent surgical treatment for UTUC were included. Gene expression of CCNA2, MKI67, and p53 was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. For Cox regression analyses, uni- and multivariable hazard ratios were calculated. Spearman correlation was used to analyze correlation of CCNA2 expression with MKI67 and p53. RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 73 years, and it consisted of 48 males (77.4%) and 14 females (22.6%). Patients with high CCNA2 expression levels showed longer OS (HR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.74; p = 0.0073). Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified CCNA2 overexpression (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85; p = 0.0189) and grading G2 (vs. G3) (HR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.87; p = 0.0168) to be independent predictors for longer OS. CCNA2 expression correlated positively with MKI67 expression (Rho = 0.4376, p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION Low CCNA2 expression is significantly associated with worse OS. Thus, CCNA2 might serve as a potential biomarker in muscle-invasive UTUC and may be used to characterize a subset of patients having an unfavorable outcome and for future risk assessment scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Teresa Walach
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katja Nitschke
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Groß-Weege
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Großhans
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Wildner
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Luca Pause
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Jarczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wessels
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Neuberger
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Christian Kriegmair
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zoran V Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Nuhn
- Department of Urology and Urologic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Zhang J, Bai S, Yan Y, Kang H, Li G, Feng Z, Ma W, Wang X, Ren J. Construction of lncRNA-m6A gene-mRNA regulatory network to identify m6A-related lncRNAs associated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37537521 PMCID: PMC10401877 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prognostic value of m6A-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS The expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in LUAD and normal adjacent tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were analyzed using the limma package. m6A enzyme-related differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified and used to construct a regulatory network. Survival analysis was performed and the correlation between lncRNAs, m6A regulators, and mRNAs was analyzed; followed by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS A comparison of LUAD samples and normal tissues identified numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, demonstrating that a comprehensive network was established. Two lncRNAs and six mRNAs were selected as prognosis related factors including SH3PXD2A-AS1, MAD2L1, CCNA2, and CDC25C. The pathological stage and recurrence status were identified as independent clinical factors (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these RNAs in the different clinical groups were consistent with those in the different risk groups. The interactions of m6A proteins, two lncRNAs, and six mRNAs were predicted, and functional analysis showed that m6A target mRNAs were involved in the cell cycle, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis pathways. CONCLUSIONS These m6A target lncRNAs and mRNAs may be promising biomarkers for predicting clinical prognosis, and the lncRNA-m6A regulator-mRNA regulatory network could improve our understanding of m6A modification in LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Zhang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan, No. 1241 Zhongshan Avenue, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430010, China
| | - Shuheng Bai
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Haojing Kang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Guangzu Li
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Zhaode Feng
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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Xiao J, Jin S, Wang X, Huang J, Zou H. CELF1 Selectively Regulates Alternative Splicing of DNA Repair Genes Associated With Cataract in Human Lens Cell Line. Biochem Genet 2022:10.1007/s10528-022-10324-2. [PMID: 36585568 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is a global eye disease caused by the opacification of lens, while its underlying molecular pathogenesis is not clear, making it difficult for prevention. CELF1, an RNA binding protein, mediates Alternative Splicing (AS) of genes involved in diverse diseases and regulates development or defects of lens. Utilizing transcriptome-wide approaches, we analyzed and compared AS patterns between human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) with CELF1 overexpression (CELF1-OE) and control cells. Extensive changes in AS patterns upon CELF1-OE were identified in SRA01/04 cells. We finally identified 840 CELF1-regulated AS events (RASEs) and found that CELF1-OE preferred to repress exon skipping events in SRA01/04 cells. CELF1-regulated AS genes were enriched in the regulation of DNA repair, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, and apoptosis pathways (including HMGA2, CSNK1E, and YAP1). These biological functions and pathways have been reported to be associated with lens development or other eye diseases. To further explore the mechanisms of CELF1 in regulating AS genes, we downloaded and re-analyzed a set of CELF1-RNA interactome data. We found that 194 genes were bound and regulated by CELF1 at the AS level. 10 genes involved in DNA repair-related pathways were also bound by CELF1. Motif analysis for CELF1-bound peaks and splicing sites of RASEs showed that CELF1 regulates AS by binding to the AGGU[AG]AG motif in SRA01/04 cells. CELF1 could mediate AS of DNA repair-related genes through directly binding to their transcripts with distinct motif bias. The functional mechanism of CELF1 may ultimately participate in cataract formation and lens development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyan Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Hashimoto S, Kishimoto T. Roles of RNA-binding proteins in immune diseases and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:310-24. [PMID: 35351611 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic information that is transcribed from DNA to mRNA, and then translated from mRNA to protein, is regulated by complex and sophisticated post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, it has become clear that mRNA degradation not only acts to remove unnecessary mRNA, but is also closely associated with the regulation of translation initiation, and is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been reported to play central roles in the mechanisms of mRNA stability and translation initiation through various signal transduction pathways, and to modulate gene expression faster than the transcription process via post-transcriptional modifications in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, without de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, inflammation is necessary for the elimination of pathogens associated with infection, and is tightly controlled to avoid the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is increasingly becoming clear that RBPs play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of these immune responses. Furthermore, it has been shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs leads to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Although it has been recognized since the time of Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century that cancer-associated inflammation contributes to tumor onset and progression, involvement of the disruption of the balance between anti-tumor immunity via the immune surveillance system and pro-tumor immunity by cancer-associated inflammation in the malignant transformation of cancer remains elusive. Recently, the dysregulated expression and activation of representative RBPs involved in regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be involved in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the functional roles of these RBPs in several types of immune responses, and the involvement of RBP dysregulation in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies against cancer by targeting RBPs, coupled with immunotherapy.
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Madamtzoglou D, Relaix F. From cyclins to CDKIs: Cell cycle regulation of skeletal muscle stem cell quiescence and activation. Exp Cell Res 2022;:113275. [PMID: 35931143 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After extensive proliferation during development, the adult skeletal muscle cells remain outside the cell cycle, either as post-mitotic myofibers or as quiescent muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Despite its terminally differentiated state, adult skeletal muscle has a remarkable regeneration potential, driven by MuSCs. Upon injury, MuSC quiescence is reversed to support tissue growth and repair and it is re-established after the completion of muscle regeneration. The distinct cell cycle states and transitions observed in the different myogenic populations are orchestrated by elements of the cell cycle machinery. This consists of i) complexes of cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) that ensure cell cycle progression and ii) their negative regulators, the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CDKIs). In this review we discuss the roles of these factors in developmental and adult myogenesis, with a focus on CDKIs that have emerging roles in stem cell functions.
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Liu X, Wu H, Liu Z. An Integrative Human Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112658. [PMID: 35681641 PMCID: PMC9179585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), one of the key regulators of the G2/M checkpoint, is expressed in many cells and plays an important role in cell cycle control. However, CDK1 expression is substantially increased in many tumors of diverse origins and is associated with tumorigenesis. Targeting CDK1 shows promising results for several tumors. However, a systematic and integrative analysis of CDK1 in cancer has not been conducted. The present study aims to use pan-cancer analysis to investigate the relationship, similarities, and differences in genetic and cellular changes associated with CDK1 in various tumors and tumor microenvironments. Our findings elucidate that CDK1 expression increases in more than 20 human tumors and is highly correlated with oncogenic signature gene sets, biological pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and lower survival rate across multiple tumors. Targeting CDK1 may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell division by regulating the G2/M phase and mitosis. CDK1 overexpression can also promote the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, the significance of CDK1 in the formation, progression, and prognosis of human pan-cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, Human Protein Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and other well-established databases to comprehensively examine CDK1 genetic alterations and gene/protein expression in various cancers and their relationships with the prognosis, immune reactivities, and clinical outcomes for 33 tumor types. Gene set enrichment analysis was also conducted to examine the potential mechanisms of CDK1 in tumorigenesis. The data showed that CDK1 mutation was frequently present in multiple tumors. CDK1 expression was significantly increased in various types of tumors as compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. In addition, CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with oncogenic genes, proteins, cellular components, myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, ESTMATEScore, and signaling pathways associated with tumor development and progression and tumor microenvironments. These data indicate that CDK1 could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-884-3278
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Tsai TH, Lieu AS, Huang TY, Kwan AL, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Induction of Mitosis Delay and Apoptosis by CDDO-TFEA in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756228. [PMID: 34858180 PMCID: PMC8630575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the vicious malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advances multi-disciplinary treatment, GBM constinues to have a poor overall survival. CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TEFA), a trifluoroethylamidederivative of CDDO, is an Nrf2/ARE pathway activator. CDDO-TEFEA is used to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma cells. However, it not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of CDDO-TFEA on GBM cells. To do this, we treated GBM8401 cell lines with CDDO-TFEA and assessed apoptosis, cell cycle. DNA content and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blot analysis. Results: CDDO-TFEA significantly inhibited the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis on GBM 8401 cell line. The annexin-FITC/PI assay revealed significant changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to a significant reduction in the GBM8401 cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential. A significant rise in the percentage of caspase-3 activity was detected in the treated cells. In addition, treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to an accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. In addition, these results suggest that regarding increased protein synthesis during mitosis in the MPM-2 staining, indicative of a delay in the G2 checkpoint. An analysis of Cyclin B1, CDK1, Cyclin B1/CDK1 complex and CHK1 and CHK2 expression suggested that cell cycle progression seems also to be regulated by CDDO-TFEA. Therefore, CDDO-TFEA may not only induce cell cycle G2/M arrest, it may also exert apoptosis in established GBM cells. Conclusion: CDDO-TFEA can inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro, possibly though its inhibition of Cyclin B1, CDK1 expression, and Cyclin B1/CDK1 association and the promotion of CHK1 and CHK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Tien AH, Sadar MD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with ralaniten analogues for the treatment of androgen receptor-positive prostate and breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:294-309. [PMID: 34815359 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) has essential roles in the growth of prostate cancer and some breast cancers. Inhibition of AR transcriptional activity by targeting its N-terminal domain with ralaniten or an analogue such as EPI-7170 causes accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 with palbociclib also leads to accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Here a combination of EPI-7170 with palbociclib attenuated the in vivo growth of human castration-resistant prostate cancer xenografts that are resistant to antiandrogens. Cell-cycle tracing experiments in cultured cells revealed that EPI-7170 targeted cells in S phase, possibly through inducing DNA damage or impairing the DNA damage response, whereas palbociclib targeted the G1-S transition to delay the cell cycle. Combination treatment prevented cells in G1 and G2/M from progressing in the cell cycle and caused a portion of cells in S phase to arrest which contributed to a two-fold increase in doubling time to >63 hours compared to 25 hours in control cells. Importantly, sequential combination treatments with palbociclib administered first then followed by EPI-7170, resulted in more cells accumulating in G1 and less cells in S phase than concomitant combination which was presumably because each inhibitor has a unique mechanism in modulating the cell cycle in cancer cells. Together these data support that the combination therapy was more effective than individual monotherapies to reduce tumor growth by targeting different phases of the cell cycle.
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11
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van de Kamp G, Heemskerk T, Kanaar R, Essers J. DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathways in Response to Different Types of Ionizing Radiation. Front Genet 2021; 12:738230. [PMID: 34659358 PMCID: PMC8514742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.738230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The superior dose distribution of particle radiation compared to photon radiation makes it a promising therapy for the treatment of tumors. However, the cellular responses to particle therapy and especially the DNA damage response (DDR) is not well characterized. Compared to photons, particles are thought to induce more closely spaced DNA lesions instead of isolated lesions. How this different spatial configuration of the DNA damage directs DNA repair pathway usage, is subject of current investigations. In this review, we describe recent insights into induction of DNA damage by particle radiation and how this shapes DNA end processing and subsequent DNA repair mechanisms. Additionally, we give an overview of promising DDR targets to improve particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda van de Kamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Heemskerk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Xu Y, Huangyang P, Wang Y, Xue L, Devericks E, Nguyen HG, Yu X, Oses-Prieto JA, Burlingame AL, Miglani S, Goodarzi H, Ruggero D. ERα is an RNA-binding protein sustaining tumor cell survival and drug resistance. Cell 2021; 184:5215-5229.e17. [PMID: 34559986 PMCID: PMC8547373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a hormone receptor and key driver for over 70% of breast cancers that has been studied for decades as a transcription factor. Unexpectedly, we discover that ERα is a potent non-canonical RNA-binding protein. We show that ERα RNA binding function is uncoupled from its activity to bind DNA and critical for breast cancer progression. Employing genome-wide cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) sequencing and a functional CRISPRi screen, we find that ERα-associated mRNAs sustain cancer cell fitness and elicit cellular responses to stress. Mechanistically, ERα controls different steps of RNA metabolism. In particular, we demonstrate that ERα RNA binding mediates alternative splicing of XBP1 and translation of the eIF4G2 and MCL1 mRNAs, which facilitates survival upon stress conditions and sustains tamoxifen resistance of cancer cells. ERα is therefore a multifaceted RNA-binding protein, and this activity transforms our knowledge of post-transcriptional regulation underlying cancer development and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peiwei Huangyang
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lingru Xue
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Emily Devericks
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sohit Miglani
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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13
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Anger M, Radonova L, Horakova A, Sekach D, Charousova M. Impact of Global Transcriptional Silencing on Cell Cycle Regulation and Chromosome Segregation in Early Mammalian Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9073. [PMID: 34445775 PMCID: PMC8396661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of an early development is, in mammals, characterized by profound changes of multiple aspects of cellular morphology and behavior. These are including, but not limited to, fertilization and the merging of parental genomes with a subsequent transition from the meiotic into the mitotic cycle, followed by global changes of chromatin epigenetic modifications, a gradual decrease in cell size and the initiation of gene expression from the newly formed embryonic genome. Some of these important, and sometimes also dramatic, changes are executed within the period during which the gene transcription is globally silenced or not progressed, and the regulation of most cellular activities, including those mentioned above, relies on controlled translation. It is known that the blastomeres within an early embryo are prone to chromosome segregation errors, which might, when affecting a significant proportion of a cell within the embryo, compromise its further development. In this review, we discuss how the absence of transcription affects the transition from the oocyte to the embryo and what impact global transcriptional silencing might have on the basic cell cycle and chromosome segregation controlling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Anger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.R.); (A.H.); (D.S.); (M.C.)
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14
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Abstract
Abnormal activity of the core cell-cycle machinery is seen in essentially all tumor types and represents a driving force of tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that cell-cycle proteins regulate a wide range of cellular functions, in addition to promoting cell division. With the clinical success of CDK4/6 inhibitors, it is becoming increasingly clear that targeting individual cell-cycle components may represent an effective anti-cancer strategy. Here, we discuss the potential of inhibiting different cell-cycle proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Suski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Xia LZ, Tao J, Chen YJ, Liang LL, Luo GF, Cai ZM, Wang Z. Factors Affecting the Re-Endothelialization of Endothelial Progenitor Cell. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1009-1025. [PMID: 34061680 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium, which plays an essential role in maintaining the normal shape and function of blood vessels, is a natural barrier between the circulating blood and the vascular wall tissue. The endothelial damage can cause vascular lesions, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. After the vascular intima injury, the body starts the endothelial repair (re-endothelialization) to inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia. Endothelial progenitor cell is the precursor of endothelial cells and plays an important role in the vascular re-endothelialization. However, re-endothelialization is inevitably affected in vivo and in vitro by factors, which can be divided into two types, namely, promotion and inhibition, and act on different links of the vascular re-endothelialization. This article reviews these factors and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhen Xia
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ling-Li Liang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gui-Fang Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ze-Min Cai
- Pediatrics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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16
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Silva Cascales H, Burdova K, Middleton A, Kuzin V, Müllers E, Stoy H, Baranello L, Macurek L, Lindqvist A. Cyclin A2 localises in the cytoplasm at the S/G2 transition to activate PLK1. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000980. [PMID: 33402344 PMCID: PMC7812317 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is a key regulator of the cell cycle, implicated both in DNA replication and mitotic entry. Cyclin A2 participates in feedback loops that activate mitotic kinases in G2 phase, but why active Cyclin A2-CDK2 during the S phase does not trigger mitotic kinase activation remains unclear. Here, we describe a change in localisation of Cyclin A2 from being only nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic at the S/G2 border. We find that Cyclin A2-CDK2 can activate the mitotic kinase PLK1 through phosphorylation of Bora, and that only cytoplasmic Cyclin A2 interacts with Bora and PLK1. Expression of predominately cytoplasmic Cyclin A2 or phospho-mimicking PLK1 T210D can partially rescue a G2 arrest caused by Cyclin A2 depletion. Cytoplasmic presence of Cyclin A2 is restricted by p21, in particular after DNA damage. Cyclin A2 chromatin association during DNA replication and additional mechanisms contribute to Cyclin A2 localisation change in the G2 phase. We find no evidence that such mechanisms involve G2 feedback loops and suggest that cytoplasmic appearance of Cyclin A2 at the S/G2 transition functions as a trigger for mitotic kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Middleton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladislav Kuzin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Müllers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henriette Stoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Baranello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Lindqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Kim SS, Alves MJ, Gygli P, Otero J, Lindert S. Identification of Novel Cyclin A2 Binding Site and Nanomolar Inhibitors of Cyclin A2-CDK2 Complex. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 17:57-68. [PMID: 31889491 DOI: 10.2174/1573409916666191231113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the diverse roles of cyclin A2 both in cell cycle regulation and in DNA damage response, identifying small molecule regulators of cyclin A2 activity carries significant potential to regulate diverse cellular processes in both ageing/neurodegeneration and in cancer. OBJECTIVE Based on cyclin A2's recently discovered role in DNA repair, we hypothesized that small molecule inhibitors that were predicted to bind to both cyclin A2 and CDK2 will be useful as a radiosensitizer of cancer cells. In this study, we used structure-based drug discovery to find inhibitors that target both cyclin A2 and CDK2. METHODS Molecular dynamics simulations were used to generate diverse binding pocket conformations for application of the relaxed complex scheme. We then used structure-based virtual screening to find potential dual cyclin A2 and CDK2 inhibitors. Based on a consensus score of docked poses from Glide and AutoDock Vina, we identified about 40 promising hit compounds, where all PAINS scaffolds were removed from consideration. A biochemical luminescence assay of cyclin A2-CDK2 function was used for experimental verification. RESULTS Four lead inhibitors of cyclin A2-CDK2 complex have been identified using a relaxed complex scheme virtual screen have been verified in a biochemical luminescence assay of cyclin A2- CDK2 function. Two of the four lead inhibitors had inhibitory concentrations in the nanomolar range. CONCLUSION The four cyclin A2-CDK2 complex inhibitors are the first reported inhibitors that were specifically designed not to target the cyclin A2-CDK2 protein-protein interface. Overall, our results highlight the potential of combined advanced computational tools and biochemical verification to discover novel binding scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Michele J Alves
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pathology and Neuropathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Patrick Gygli
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pathology and Neuropathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Jose Otero
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pathology and Neuropathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
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18
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Guo Y, Gabola M, Lattanzio R, Paul C, Pinet V, Tang R, Turali H, Bremond J, Longobardi C, Maurizy C, Da Costa Q, Finetti P, Boissière-Michot F, Rivière B, Lemmers C, Garnier S, Bertucci F, Zlobec I, Chebli K, Tazi J, Azar R, Blanchard JM, Sicinski P, Mamessier E, Lemmers B, Hahne M. Cyclin A2 maintains colon homeostasis and is a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:131517. [PMID: 33332285 DOI: 10.1172/jci131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the function of cyclin A2 in colon homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC), we generated mice deficient for cyclin A2 in colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Colons of these mice displayed architectural changes in the mucosa and signs of inflammation, as well as increased proliferation of CECs associated with the appearance of low- and high-grade dysplasias. The main initial events triggering those alterations in cyclin A2-deficient CECs appeared to be abnormal mitoses and DNA damage. Cyclin A2 deletion in CECs promoted the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinomas in a murine colitis-associated cancer model. We next explored the status of cyclin A2 expression in clinical CRC samples at the mRNA and protein levels and found higher expression in tumors of patients with stage 1 or 2 CRC compared with those of patients with stage 3 or 4 CRC. A meta-analysis of 11 transcriptome data sets comprising 2239 primary CRC tumors revealed different expression levels of CCNA2 (the mRNA coding for cyclin A2) among the CRC tumor subtypes, with the highest expression detected in consensus molecular subtype 1 (CMS1) and the lowest in CMS4 tumors. Moreover, we found high expression of CCNA2 to be a new, independent prognosis factor for CRC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Monica Gabola
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Conception Paul
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Pinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Hulya Turali
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Bremond
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translationnal Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Rivière
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lemmers
- PVM, Biocampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karim Chebli
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Rania Azar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marie Blanchard
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Lemmers
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
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19
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Jin M, Li J, Hu R, Xu B, Huang G, Huang W, Chen B, He J, Cao Y. Cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dependent phosphorylation of Top2a is required for S phase entry during retinal development in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:63-74. [PMID: 33832859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation. However, as mouse Cdk1 embryos die early, the role of CDK1 in regulating the cell cycle and embryo development remains unclear. Here, we showed that zebrafish cdk1-/- embryos exhibit severe microphthalmia accompanied by multiple defects in S phase entry, M phase progression, and cell differentiation but not in interkinetic nuclear migration. We identified Top2a as a potential downstream target and cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 as partners of Cdk1 in cell cycle regulation via an in silico analysis. While depletion of either cyclin A2 or Top2a led to the decreased S phase entry in zebrafish retinal cells, the depletion of cyclin B1 led to M phase arrest. Moreover, phosphorylation of Top2a at serine 1213 (S1213) was nearly abolished in both cdk1 and ccna2 mutants, but not in ccnb1 mutants. Furthermore, overexpression of TOP2AS1213D, the phosphomimetic form of human TOP2A, rescued S phase entry and alleviated the microphthalmia defects in both cdk1-/- and ccna2-/- embryos. Taken together, our data suggest that Cdk1 interacts with cyclin A2 to regulate S phase entry partially through Top2a phosphorylation and interacts with cyclin B1 to regulate M phase progression.
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20
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Machaliński B, Rogińska D, Wilk A, Szumilas K, Prowans P, Paczkowska E, Szumilas P, Stecewicz I, Zawodny P, Ziętek M, Wiszniewska B. Global Gene Expression of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Focus on Cell Cycle and Proliferation Status in Improving the Condition of Face Skin. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1519-1531. [PMID: 33628110 PMCID: PMC7893558 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological skin ageing is an inevitable physiological process that results in thin and sagging skin, fine wrinkles, and gradual dermal atrophy. The main therapeutic approaches to soft tissue augmentation involve using dermal fillers, where natural fillers, such as autologous fibroblasts, are involved in generating dermal matrix proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the global transcriptome profile of three passages of dermal autologous fibroblasts from a male volunteer, focusing on the processes of the cell cycle and cell proliferation status to estimate the optimal passage of the tested cells with respect to their reimplantation. We performed K-means clustering and validation of the expression of the selected mRNA by qRT-PCR. Ten genes were selected (ANLN, BUB1, CDC20, CCNA2, DLGAP5, MKI67, PLK1, PRC1, SPAG5, and TPX2) from the top five processes annotated to cluster 5. Detailed microarray analysis of the fibroblast genes indicated that the cell population of the third passage exhibited the highest number of upregulated genes involved in the cell cycle and cell proliferation. In all cases, the results of qRT-PCR confirmed the differences in expression of the selected mRNAs between fibroblasts from the primary culture (C0) and from the first (C1), second (C2), and third (C3) cell passage. Our results thus suggest that these cells might be useful for increasing fibroblast numbers after reimplantation into a recipient's skin, and the method used in this study seems to be an excellent tool for autologous transplantation allowing the rejuvenation of aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Szumilas
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szumilas
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Chair of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Stecewicz
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Zawodny
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstanców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang R, Wu W, Li Z, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. IGFBP6 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology via cyclin E-CDK2. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9538-9556. [PMID: 32529639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins, the underlying pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a protein array approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins between varicose great saphenous veins and normal great saphenous veins. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IGFBP6 was closely related to cell proliferation. Further validation confirmed that IGFBP6 was one of the most highly expressed proteins in varicose vein tissue. Knocking down IGFBP6 in VSMCs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced the S phase arrest during the cell cycle. Further experiments demonstrated that IGFBP6 knockdown increased cyclin E ubiquitination, which reduced expression of cyclin E and phosphorylation of CDK2. Furthermore, IGFBP6 knockdown arrested centrosome replication, which subsequently influenced VSMC morphology. Ultimately, IGFBP6 was validated to be involved in VSMC proliferation in varicose vein tissues. The present study reveals that IGFBP6 is closely correlated with VSMC biological function and provides unprecedented insights into the underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecun Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Dewhurst MR, Ow JR, Zafer G, van Hul NKM, Wollmann H, Bisteau X, Brough D, Choi H, Kaldis P. Loss of hepatocyte cell division leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009084. [PMID: 33147210 PMCID: PMC7641358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity based partly on the ability of hepatocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and divide to replace damaged cells. This capability is substantially reduced upon chronic damage, but it is not clear if this is a cause or consequence of liver disease. Here, we investigate whether blocking hepatocyte division using two different mouse models affects physiology as well as clinical liver manifestations like fibrosis and inflammation. We find that in P14 Cdk1Liv-/- mice, where the division of hepatocytes is abolished, polyploidy, DNA damage, and increased p53 signaling are prevalent. Cdk1Liv-/- mice display classical markers of liver damage two weeks after birth, including elevated ALT, ALP, and bilirubin levels, despite the lack of exogenous liver injury. Inflammation was further studied using cytokine arrays, unveiling elevated levels of CCL2, TIMP1, CXCL10, and IL1-Rn in Cdk1Liv-/- liver, which resulted in increased numbers of monocytes. Ablation of CDK2-dependent DNA re-replication and polyploidy in Cdk1Liv-/- mice reversed most of these phenotypes. Overall, our data indicate that blocking hepatocyte division induces biological processes driving the onset of the disease phenotype. It suggests that the decrease in hepatocyte division observed in liver disease may not only be a consequence of fibrosis and inflammation, but also a pathological cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dewhurst
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Rong Ow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Gözde Zafer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Noémi K. M. van Hul
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - David Brough
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Sweden
- * E-mail:
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23
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Tatum NJ, Endicott JA. Chatterboxes: the structural and functional diversity of cyclins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:4-20. [PMID: 32414682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the cyclin family have divergent sequences and execute diverse roles within the cell while sharing a common fold: the cyclin box domain. Structural studies of cyclins have played a key role in our characterization and understanding of cellular processes that they control, though to date only ten of the 29 CDK-activating cyclins have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy with or without their cognate kinases. In this review, we survey the available structures of human cyclins, highlighting their molecular features in the context of their cellular roles. We pay particular attention to how cyclin activity is regulated through fine control of degradation motif recognition and ubiquitination. Finally, we discuss the emergent roles of cyclins independent of their roles as cyclin-dependent protein kinase activators, demonstrating the cyclin box domain to be a versatile and generalized scaffolding domain for protein-protein interactions across the cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Tatum
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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24
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Li L, Zhu M, Huang H, Wu J, Meng D. Identification of Hub Genes in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Evidence From Bioinformatics Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820962135. [PMID: 33025856 PMCID: PMC7545761 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820962135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer that results in fatal clinical outcomes; the pathogenesis of this life-threatening disease has yet to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify the hub genes of ATC that may play key roles in ATC development and could serve as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Two microarray datasets (GSE33630 and GSE53072) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database; these sets included 16 ATC and 49 normal thyroid samples. Differential expression analyses were performed for each dataset, and 420 genes were screened as common differentially expressed genes using the robust rank aggregation method. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the potential bio-functions of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The terms and enriched pathways were primarily associated with cell cycle, cell adhesion, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network of DEG expression products was constructed using Cytoscape. Based on the whole network, we identified 7 hub genes that included CDK1, TOP2A, CDC20, KIF11, CCNA2, NUSAP1, and KIF2C. The expression levels of these hub genes were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of clinical specimens. In conclusion, the present study identified several key genes that are involved in ATC development and provides novel insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ATC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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25
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Limzerwala JF, Jeganathan KB, Kloeber JA, Davies BA, Zhang C, Sturmlechner I, Zhong J, Fierro Velasco R, Fields AP, Yuan Y, Baker DJ, Zhou D, Li H, Katzmann DJ, van Deursen JM. FoxM1 insufficiency hyperactivates Ect2-RhoA-mDia1 signaling to drive cancer. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:1010-1024. [PMID: 34841254 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
FoxM1 activates genes that regulate S-G2-M cell-cycle progression and, when overexpressed, is associated with poor clinical outcome in multiple cancers. Here we identify FoxM1 as a tumor suppressor in mice that, through its N-terminal domain, binds to and inhibits Ect2 to limit the activity of RhoA GTPase and its effector mDia1, a catalyst of cortical actin nucleation. FoxM1 insufficiency impedes centrosome movement through excessive cortical actin polymerization, thereby causing the formation of non-perpendicular mitotic spindles that missegregate chromosomes and drive tumorigenesis in mice. Importantly, low FOXM1 expression correlates with RhoA GTPase hyperactivity in multiple human cancer types, indicating that suppression of the newly discovered Ect2-RhoAmDia1 oncogenic axis by FoxM1 is clinically relevant. Furthermore, by dissecting the domain requirements through which FoxM1 inhibits Ect2 GEF activity, we provide mechanistic insight for the development of pharmacological approaches that target protumorigenic RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazeel F Limzerwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raul Fierro Velasco
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Zeng Z, Cao Z, Tang Y. Identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and candidate targeted agents for hepatitis B virus-associated early stage hepatocellular carcinoma based on RNA-sequencing data. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:231. [PMID: 32968453 PMCID: PMC7499982 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a rapidly progressing neoplasm with high morbidity and mortality rates. The present study aimed to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and candidate targeted agents for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gene expression profiles were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), hub genes and the enrichment of signaling pathways were filtered out via a high-throughput sequencing method. The association between hub genes and the effects of the abnormal expression of hub genes on the rate of genetic variation, overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DSS) of patients with HCC, as well as pathological stage and grade, were analyzed using different databases. A total of 1,582 DEGs were identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the ‘oxidation-reduction process’, ‘steroid metabolic process’, ‘metabolic process’ and ‘fatty acid beta-oxidation’. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with ‘metabolic pathways’, ‘PPAR signaling pathway’, ‘fatty acid degradation’ and the ‘cell cycle’. A total of 8 hub genes were extracted. Additionally, the abnormal expression levels of hub genes were closely associated with the OS, RFS, PFS and DSS of patients, the pathological stage and the grade. Furthermore, abnormal expression levels of the 8 hub genes were found in >30% of all samples. Several small molecular compounds that may reverse the altered DEGs were identified based on Connectivity Map analysis, including phenoxybenzamine, GW-8510, resveratrol, 0175029-0000 and daunorubicin. In conclusion, the dysfunction of fat metabolic pathways, the cell cycle, oxidation-reduction processes and viral carcinogenesis may serve critical roles in the occurrence of HBV-associated early stage HCC. The identified 8 hub genes may act as robust biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Some small molecular compounds may be promising targeted agents against HBV-associated early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zebiao Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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27
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Sieben CJ, Jeganathan KB, Nelson GG, Sturmlechner I, Zhang C, van Deursen WH, Bakker B, Foijer F, Li H, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. BubR1 allelic effects drive phenotypic heterogeneity in mosaic-variegated aneuploidy progeria syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:171-188. [PMID: 31738183 DOI: 10.1172/jci126863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic-variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is a rare childhood disorder characterized by biallelic BUBR1, CEP57, or TRIP13 aberrations; increased chromosome missegregation; and a broad spectrum of clinical features, including various cancers, congenital defects, and progeroid pathologies. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this disorder and its phenotypic heterogeneity, we mimicked the BUBR1L1012P mutation in mice (BubR1L1002P) and combined it with 2 other MVA variants, BUBR1X753 and BUBR1H, generating a truncated protein and low amounts of wild-type protein, respectively. Whereas BubR1X753/L1002P and BubR1H/X753 mice died prematurely, BubR1H/L1002P mice were viable and exhibited many MVA features, including cancer predisposition and various progeroid phenotypes, such as short lifespan, dwarfism, lipodystrophy, sarcopenia, and low cardiac stress tolerance. Strikingly, although these mice had a reduction in total BUBR1 and spectrum of MVA phenotypes similar to that of BubR1H/H mice, several progeroid pathologies were attenuated in severity, which in skeletal muscle coincided with reduced senescence-associated secretory phenotype complexity. Additionally, mice carrying monoallelic BubR1 mutations were prone to select MVA-related pathologies later in life, with predisposition to sarcopenia correlating with mTORC1 hyperactivity. Together, these data demonstrate that BUBR1 allelic effects beyond protein level and aneuploidy contribute to disease heterogeneity in both MVA patients and heterozygous carriers of MVA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hu Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and
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28
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Abstract
Proper progression throughout the cell division cycle depends on the expression level of a family of proteins known as cyclins, and the subsequent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Among the numerous members of the mammalian cyclin family, only a few of them, cyclins A, B, C, D and E, are known to display critical roles in the cell cycle. These functions will be reviewed here with a special focus on their relevance in different cell types in vivo and their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martínez-Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Abstract
PDZRN3 is a PDZ domain-containing RING-finger family protein that functions in various developmental processes. We previously showed that expression of PDZRN3 is induced together with that of MyoD during the early phase of skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. We here show that PDZRN3 suppresses apoptosis and promotes proliferation in myoblasts in a manner dependent on cyclin A2. Depletion of PDZRN3 in mouse C2C12 myoblasts by RNA interference reduced the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells and the level of Akt phosphorylation, implicating PDZRN3 in regulation of both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Exposure of C2C12 cells as well as of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts to various inducers of apoptosis including serum deprivation resulted in a greater increase in the amount of cleaved caspase-3 in PDZRN3-depleted cells than in control cells. The abundance of cyclin A2 was reduced in PDZRN3-depleted C2C12 myoblasts, as was that of Mre11, which contributes to the repair of DNA damage. Overexpression of cyclin A2 restored the expression of Mre11 and Ki-67 as well as attenuated caspase-3 cleavage in PDZRN3-depleted cells deprived of serum. These results indicate that PDZRN3 suppresses apoptosis and promotes proliferation in myoblasts and other cell types by maintaining cyclin A2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Inui
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
- YIC Rehabilitation College, 4-11-1 Nishiube-Minami, Ube, Yamaguchi, 759-0208, Japan.
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30
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Blosser WD, Dempsey JA, McNulty AM, Rao X, Ebert PJ, Lowery CD, Iversen PW, Webster YW, Donoho GP, Gong X, Merzoug FF, Buchanan S, Boehnke K, Yu C, You XT, Beckmann RP, Wu W, McNeely SC, Lin AB, Martinez R. A pan-cancer transcriptome analysis identifies replication fork and innate immunity genes as modifiers of response to the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib. Oncotarget 2020; 11:216-236. [PMID: 32076484 PMCID: PMC6980627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined influence of oncogenic drivers, genomic instability, and/or DNA damage repair deficiencies increases replication stress in cancer. Cells with high replication stress rely on the upregulation of checkpoints like those governed by CHK1 for survival. Previous studies of the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib demonstrated activity across multiple cancer types. Therefore, we sought to (1) identify markers of prexasertib sensitivity and (2) define the molecular mechanism(s) of intrinsic and acquired resistance using preclinical models representing multiple tumor types. Our findings indicate that while cyclin E dysregulation is a driving mechanism of prexasertib response, biomarkers associated with this aberration lack sufficient predictive power to render them clinically actionable for patient selection. Transcriptome analysis of a pan-cancer cell line panel and in vivo models revealed an association between expression of E2F target genes and prexasertib sensitivity and identified innate immunity genes associated with prexasertib resistance. Functional RNAi studies supported a causal role of replication fork components as modulators of prexasertib response. Mechanisms that protect cells from oncogene-induced replication stress may safeguard tumors from such stress induced by a CHK1 inhibitor, resulting in acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, resistance to prexasertib may be shaped by innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Rao
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenjuan Wu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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31
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Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang S, Chen M, Yin Y, Storey KB. MiR-200-3p Is Potentially Involved in Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Cyclin A during Aestivation in Apostichopus japonicus. Cells 2019; 8:E843. [PMID: 31390757 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) has become a good model organism for studying environmentally induced aestivation in marine invertebrates. We hypothesized that mechanisms that arrest energy-expensive cell cycle activity would contribute significantly to establishing the hypometabolic state during aestivation. Cyclin A is a core and particularly interesting cell cycle regulator that functions in both the S phase and in mitosis. In the present study, negative relationships between miR-200-3p and AjCA expressions were detected at both the transcriptional and the translational levels during aestivation in A. japonicus. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeted location of the miR-200-3p binding site within the AjCA gene transcript. Furthermore, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted in vivo with sea cucumbers to verify the interaction between miR-200-3p and AjCA in intestine tissue by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The results show that the overexpression of miR-200-3p mimics suppressed AjCA transcript levels and translated protein production, whereas transfection with a miR-200-3p inhibitor enhanced both AjCA mRNA and AjCA protein in A. japonicus intestine. Our findings suggested a potential mechanism that reversibly arrests cell cycle progression during aestivation, which may center on miR-200-3p inhibitory control over the translation of cyclin A mRNA transcripts.
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Sun D, Liu L, Mao S, Zhu W, Liu J. Aspartame supplementation in starter accelerates small intestinal epithelial cell cycle and stimulates secretion of glucagon-like peptide-2 in pre-weaned lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1338-1350. [PMID: 31342562 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aspartame supplementation in starter diet accelerates small intestinal cell cycle by stimulating secretion and expression of glucagon-like peptide -2 (GLP-2) in pre-weaned lambs using animal and cell culture experiments. In vivo, twelve 14-day-old lambs were selected and allocated randomly to two groups; one was treated with plain starter diet (Con, n = 6) and the other was treated with starter supplemented with 200 mg of aspartame/kg starter (APM, n = 6). Results showed that the lambs received APM treatment for 35 d had higher (p < .05) GLP-2 concentration in the plasma and greater jejunum weight/live body weight (BW) and jejunal crypt depth. Furthermore, APM treatment significantly upregulated (p < .05) the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 in duodenum; and cyclin A2, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) in jejunum; and cyclin A2, cyclin D1, CDK4 in ileum. Moreover, APM treatment increased (p < .05) the mRNA expression of glucagon (GCG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the jejunum and ileum and mRNA expression of GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the jejunum. In vitro, when jejunal cells were treated with GLP-2 for 2 hr, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) OD, IGF-1 concentration, and the mRNA expression of IGF-1, cyclin D1 and CDK6 were increased (p < .05). Furthermore, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor decreased (p < .05) the mRNA expression of IGF-1, cyclin A2, cyclin D1 and CDK6 in GLP-2 treatment jejunal cells. These results suggest that aspartame supplementation in starter accelerates small intestinal cell cycle that may, in part, be related to stimulate secretion and expression of GLP-2 in pre-weaning lambs. Furthermore, GLP-2 can indirectly promote the proliferation of jejunal cells mainly through the IGF-1 pathway. These findings provide new insights into nutritional interventions that promote the development of small intestines in young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Aziz K, Limzerwala JF, Sturmlechner I, Hurley E, Zhang C, Jeganathan KB, Nelson G, Bronk S, Velasco RF, van Deursen EJ, O’Brien DR, Kocher JPA, Youssef SA, van Ree JH, de Bruin A, van den Bos H, Spierings DC, Foijer F, van de Sluis B, Roberts LR, Gores G, Li H, van Deursen JM. Ccne1 Overexpression Causes Chromosome Instability in Liver Cells and Liver Tumor Development in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:210-226.e12. [PMID: 30878468 PMCID: PMC6800187 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The CCNE1 locus, which encodes cyclin E1, is amplified in many types of cancer cells and is activated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from patients infected with hepatitis B virus or adeno-associated virus type 2, due to integration of the virus nearby. We investigated cell-cycle and oncogenic effects of cyclin E1 overexpression in tissues of mice. METHODS We generated mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of Ccne1 (Ccne1T mice) and activated overexpression of cyclin E1 from age 3 weeks onward. At 14 months of age, livers were collected from mice that overexpress cyclin E1 and nontransgenic mice (controls) and analyzed for tumor burden and by histology. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and hepatocytes from Ccne1T and control mice were analyzed to determine the extent to which cyclin E1 overexpression perturbs S-phase entry, DNA replication, and numbers and structures of chromosomes. Tissues from 4-month-old Ccne1T and control mice (at that age were free of tumors) were analyzed for chromosome alterations, to investigate the mechanisms by which cyclin E1 predisposes hepatocytes to transformation. RESULTS Ccne1T mice developed more hepatocellular adenomas and HCCs than control mice. Tumors developed only in livers of Ccne1T mice, despite high levels of cyclin E1 in other tissues. Ccne1T MEFs had defects that promoted chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, including incomplete replication of DNA, centrosome amplification, and formation of nonperpendicular mitotic spindles. Whereas Ccne1T mice accumulated near-diploid aneuploid cells in multiple tissues and organs, polyploidization was observed only in hepatocytes, with losses and gains of whole chromosomes, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Livers, but not other tissues of mice with inducible overexpression of cyclin E1, develop tumors. More hepatocytes from the cyclin E1-overexpressing mice were polyploid than from control mice, and had losses or gains of whole chromosomes, DNA damage, and oxidative stress; all of these have been observed in human HCC cells. The increased risk of HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus or adeno-associated virus type 2 infection might involve activation of cyclin E1 and its effects on chromosomes and genomes of liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aziz
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jazeel F. Limzerwala
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Pediatrics, and, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erin Hurley
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karthik B. Jeganathan
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Grace Nelson
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steve Bronk
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raul Fierro Velasco
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erik-Jan van Deursen
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel R. O’Brien
- Departments of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Departments of Health Sciences Research, and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre A. Kocher
- Departments of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Departments of Health Sciences Research, and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sameh A. Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine H. van Ree
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, and, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C.J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, and, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory Gores
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jan M. van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Pediatrics, and, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Correspondence: Please address all correspondence to Dr. Jan M. van Deursen, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. Phone: 507.284.2524;
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Yan J, Bu X, Li Z, Wu J, Wang C, Li D, Song J, Wang J. Screening the expression of several miRNAs from TaqMan Low Density Array in traumatic brain injury: miR-219a-5p regulates neuronal apoptosis by modulating CCNA2 and CACUL1. J Neurochem 2019; 150:202-217. [PMID: 31077370 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, a comprehensive characterization of the serum miRNA profile in patients with TBI and the roles of these potential markers in neuronal regulation have rarely been reported. In this study, the levels of 754 serum miRNAs were initially determined in two pooled samples of 15 severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients and 15 healthy controls using a TaqMan Low Density Array. The markedly upregulated miRNAs in sTBI patients were subsequently validated individually by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in another larger cohort consisting of 81 sTBI patients, 81 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and 82 age/sex-matched healthy controls. Seven miRNAs, including miR-103a-3p, miR-219a-5p, miR-302d-3p, miR-422a, miR-518f-3p, miR-520d-3p and miR-627, were significantly upregulated in both sTBI and mTBI patients compared with their expression in controls. Among these miRNAs, miR-219a-5p not only discriminated sTBI and mTBI patients from controls but also discriminated between sTBI and mTBI patients. We further show here that in the neuronal cell injury model, upregulated miR-219a-5p inhibits the expression of CCNA2 and CACUL1 and further regulates akt/Foxo3a and p53/Bcl-2 signaling pathways, causing a notable change in the expression of cleaved caspase-3, thereby inducing neuronal apoptosis. These results indicate that these seven selected miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for TBI. In particular, miR-219a-5p is a potentially valuable indicator of the diagnosis, prognosis of TBI and appears to regulate neuronal apoptosis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Bu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Simile MM, Peitta G, Tomasi ML, Brozzetti S, Feo CF, Porcu A, Cigliano A, Calvisi DF, Feo F, Pascale RM. MicroRNA-203 impacts on the growth, aggressiveness and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MAT2A and MAT2B genes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2835-2854. [PMID: 31073374 PMCID: PMC6497462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by the down-regulation of the liver-specific methyladenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) gene, encoding the S-adenosylmethionine synthesizing isozymes MATI/III, and the up-regulation of the widely expressed methyladenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), encoding MATII isozyme, and methyladenosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B), encoding a β-subunit without catalytic action that regulates MATII enzymatic activity. Different observations showed hepatocarcinogenesis inhibition by miR-203. We found that miR-203 expression in HCCs is inversely correlated with HCC proliferation and aggressiveness markers, and with MAT2A and MAT2B levels. MiR-203 transfection in HepG2 and Huh7 liver cancer cells targeted the 3'-UTR of MAT2A and MAT2B, inhibiting MAT2A and MAT2B mRNA levels and MATα2 and MATβ2 protein expression. These molecular events were paralleled by an increase in SAM content and were associated with growth restraint and apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and invasiveness, and suppression of the expression of CD133 and LIN28B stemness markers. In contrast, MAT2B transfection in the same cell lines led to a rise of both MATβ2 and MATα2 expression, associated with increases in cell growth, migration, invasion and overexpression of stemness markers and p-AKT. Altogether, our results indicate that the miR-203 oncosuppressor activity may at least partially depend on its inhibition of MAT2A and MAT2B and show, for the first time, an oncogenic activity of MAT2B linked to AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Simile
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Graziella Peitta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria L Tomasi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Brozzetti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio F Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Liu L, Sun D, Mao S, Zhu W, Liu J. Infusion of sodium butyrate promotes rumen papillae growth and enhances expression of genes related to rumen epithelial VFA uptake and metabolism in neonatal twin lambs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:909-921. [PMID: 30535158 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) infusion on rumen papillae growth and volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake and metabolism in neonatal lambs. Seven pairs of newborn twin lambs were used. Within each pair, lambs were assigned to receive an oral infusion of SB at 0.36 g/kg body weight (BW) (SB, n = 7) or the same volume of saline (Con, n = 7). Treatments were administered from 10 to 49 d of age, when all lambs were slaughtered. Results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of starter, average daily gain (ADG), BW of lambs at ages of 5 and 6 wk in SB group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in Con group. Infusion of SB increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and total VFA in the rumen fluid and elevated (P < 0.05) the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin in plasma. Infusion of SB promoted rumen papillae growth, depicted by higher emptied rumen weight, larger rumen papillae length, width, and surface area, and greater thickness of stratum corneum and total epithelium. Sodium butyrate infusion upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of cyclin A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6), and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in the rumen epithelia. Moreover, SB infusion also upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in the rumen epithelia. Sodium butyrate infusion also enhanced (P < 0.05) gene expressions of monocarboxylate transporter isoform 1 (MCT1), downregulated in adenoma (DRA), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase isoform 2 (HMGCS2), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), while depressed (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of sodium/proton exchanger isoform 2 (NHE2) in the rumen epithelia. Our results suggest that the SB infusion can improve animal performance, promote the ruminal papillae growth, and enhance expression of genes related to ruminal epithelial VFA uptake and metabolism in preweaning twin lambs. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of SB promoting rumen epithelial development and function in preweaning lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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39
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Abstract
Since their characterization as conserved modules that regulate progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle, cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) in higher eukaryotic cells are now also emerging as significant regulators of transcription, metabolism and cell differentiation. The cyclins, though originally characterized as CDK partners, also have CDK-independent roles that include the regulation of DNA damage repair and transcriptional programmes that direct cell differentiation, apoptosis and metabolic flux. This review compares the structures of the members of the CDK and cyclin families determined by X-ray crystallography, and considers what mechanistic insights they provide to guide functional studies and distinguish CDK- and cyclin-specific activities. Aberrant CDK activity is a hallmark of a number of diseases, and structural studies can provide important insights to identify novel routes to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wood
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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40
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Liu J, Cui Z, Wang F, Yao Y, Yu G, Liu J, Cao D, Niu S, You M, Sun Z, Lian D, Zhao T, Kang Y, Zhao Y, Xue HH, Yu S. Lrp5 and Lrp6 are required for maintaining self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:5615-5625. [PMID: 30668923 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802072r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal to maintain the HSCs' pool and the ability for multilineage differentiation, which are responsible for sustained production of multiple blood lineages. The regulation of HSC development is controlled precisely by complex signal networks and hematopoietic microenvironment, which has been termed the HSCs' niche. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of a variety of signaling pathways that have been involved in HSC self-renewal and maintenance. Previous studies are indeterminant on the regulation of adult HSCs upon canonical Wnt signaling pathways because of the different experimental systems and models used. In this study, we generated the conditional knockout Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6) mice in adult hematopoiesis via Vav-Cre Loxp system. Inactivation of Lrp5 and -6 in a hematopoietic system diminished the pool of HSCs, but there were no obvious defects in mature immune cells. Lrp5 and -6 double deficiency HSCs showed intrinsic defects in self-renewal and differentiation due to reduced proliferation and increased quiescence of the cell cycle. Analysis of HSC gene expression suggested that the quiescence regulators were significantly up-regulated, such as Egr1, Cdkn1a, Nr4a1, Gata2, Junb and Btg2, and the positive cell cycle regulators were correspondingly down-regulated, such as Ccna2 and Ranbp1. Taken together, we investigated the roles of Lrp5 and -6 in HSCs by functional and bioinformatic assays, and we demonstrated that Lrp5 and -6 are required for the self-renewal and differentiation of adult HSCs. The canonical Wnt pathway may contribute to maintaining the HSC pool and regulate the differentiation of adult HSCs by controlling cell cycle gene regulatory module.-Liu, J., Cui, Z., Wang, F., Yao, Y., Yu, G., Liu, J., Cao, D., Niu, S., You, M., Sun, Z., Lian, D., Zhao, T., Kang, Y., Zhao, Y., Xue, H.-H., Yu, S. Lrp5 and Lrp6 are required for maintaining self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhengzhi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Dengchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Di Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Tianyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
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41
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Lafarga V, Sung HM, Haneke K, Roessig L, Pauleau AL, Bruer M, Rodriguez-Acebes S, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Gruss OJ, Erhardt S, Mendez J, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Stoecklin G. TIAR marks nuclear G2/M transition granules and restricts CDK1 activity under replication stress. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46224. [PMID: 30538118 PMCID: PMC6322364 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2/M checkpoint coordinates DNA replication with mitosis and thereby prevents chromosome segregation in the presence of unreplicated or damaged DNA Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for the G2/M checkpoint and that TIAR accumulates in nuclear foci in late G2 and prophase in cells suffering from replication stress. These foci, which we named G2/M transition granules (GMGs), occur at low levels in normally cycling cells and are strongly induced by replication stress. In addition to replication stress response proteins, GMGs contain factors involved in RNA metabolism as well as CDK1. Depletion of TIAR accelerates mitotic entry and leads to chromosomal instability in response to replication stress, in a manner that can be alleviated by the concomitant depletion of Cdc25B or inhibition of CDK1. Since TIAR retains CDK1 in GMGs and attenuates CDK1 activity, we propose that the assembly of GMGs may represent a so far unrecognized mechanism that contributes to the activation of the G2/M checkpoint in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Lafarga
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hsu-Min Sung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Haneke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Roessig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Pauleau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Bruer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andres J Lopez-Contreras
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Erhardt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Mendez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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42
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Alves MJ, Goksel M, Kaya B, Mostafa H, Gygli P, Stephens J, Fair S, Otero JJ, Czeisler CM. CCNA2 Ablation in Aged Mice Results in Abnormal rRNA Granule Accumulation in Hippocampus. Am J Pathol 2018; 189:426-439. [PMID: 30579783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence in the literature suggests that RNA-RNA binding protein aggregations can disturb neuronal homeostasis and lead to symptoms associated with normal aging as well as dementia. The specific ablation of cyclin A2 in adult neurons results in neuronal polyribosome aggregations and learning and memory deficits. Detailed histologic and ultrastructural assays of aged mice revealed that post-mitotic hippocampal pyramidal neurons maintain cyclin A2 expression and that proliferative cells in the dentate subgranular zone express cyclin A2. Cyclin A2 loss early during neural development inhibited hippocampal development through canonical/cell-cycle mechanisms, including prolonged cell cycle timing in embryonic hippocampal progenitor cells. However, in mature neurons, cyclin A2 colocalized with dendritic rRNA. Cyclin A2 ablation in adult hippocampus resulted in decreased synaptic density in the hippocampus as well as in accumulation of rRNA granules in dendrite shafts. We conclude that cyclin A2 functions in a noncanonical/non-cell cycle regulatory role to maintain adult pyramidal neuron ribostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Alves
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mustafa Goksel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Behiye Kaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hasnaa Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patrick Gygli
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Summer Fair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - José J Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Catherine M Czeisler
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
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43
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Ling J, Zhuo W, Yu Z, Shao M, Luo Y, Zhu Y. Screening and function analysis of hub genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma via bioinformatics approaches. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:511-521. [PMID: 29843214 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-171160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver carcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Up to date, the mechanisms of liver cancerigenesis and development have not been fully understood. Multi-genes and pathways were involved in the tumorigenesis of liver cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to screen key genes and pathways in liver cancerigenesis and development by using bioinformatics methods. METHODS A dataset GSE64041 were retrieved from GEO database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Then the DEG functions were annotated by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. The hub genes were further selected by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Afterwards, the mRNA and protein expressions as well as the prognostic values of the hub genes were assessed. RESULTS As a result, 208 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated genes were screened out. These DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle and metabolism-related pathways. Through PPI analysis, TOP2A, PRDM10, CDK1, AURKA, BUB1, PLK1, CDKN3, NCAPG, BUB1B and CCNA2 were selected as hub genes, which were all over-expressed in liver cancers relative to those in normal tissues, respectively. Among them, PLK1 and CCNA2 were suggested to be prognostic factors for liver carcinoma. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study identified several hub genes, and cell cycle and metabolism-related pathways that may play critical roles in the tumorigenesis of liver cancer. Future validation laboratory experiments are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junjun Ling
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlei Zhuo
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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44
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45
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Li JA, Liu BC, Song Y, Chen X. Cyclin A2 regulates symmetrical mitotic spindle formation and centrosome amplification in human colon cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2669-2676. [PMID: 30210703 PMCID: PMC6129552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the United States, and is characterized by the presence of chromosomal instability (CIN), causes of which are largely unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that abnormal spindle geometry and supernumerary centrosomes lead to CIN in cells. However, if and how spindle geometry defects and centrosomes amplification occur in colon cancer remains unknown. Here we show that decrease in the cell cycle regulatory protein, cyclin A2, induces spindle geometry defects in colon cancer cells. In mechanistic studies, we found that cyclin A2 is located at the centrosomes, and its depletion reduces phosphorylation of EG5, which is important for centrosome localization and movement of duplicated centrosomes to opposite poles. We also found that cyclin A2 silencing leads to centrosome amplification in the cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate previously unrecognized role for cyclin A2 in preventing centrosomal defects in colon cancer cells and provide insights into mechanisms that may potentially cause CIN in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University Zi Qiang Road, Nan Guan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Bai-Chun Liu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University Zi Qiang Road, Nan Guan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University Zi Qiang Road, Nan Guan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University Zi Qiang Road, Nan Guan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
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46
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Honda T, Inui M. PDZRN3 regulates differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes through transcriptional and posttranslational control of Id2. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2963-2972. [PMID: 30066954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PDZRN3 (also known as LNX3) is a member of the PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein family. We previously showed that PDZRN3 is essential for differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and that depletion of PDZRN3 inhibits such differentiation downstream of the upregulation of myogenin, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor required for completion of the differentiation process. However, the mechanism by which PDZRN3 controls this process has remained unclear. Myogenin is rendered active during the late stage of myogenic differentiation by the downregulation of Id2, a negative regulator of bHLH transcription factors. We now show that depletion of PDZRN3 inhibits the differentiation of C2C12 cells by inducing the upregulation of Id2 and thereby delaying its downregulation. Knockdown of Id2 by RNA interference restores the differentiation of PDZRN3-depleted cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that a putative binding site for STAT5b in the Id2 gene promoter is required for the upregulation of Id2 expression by PDZRN3 depletion. In addition, the amount of phosphorylated Id2 was reduced and that of the nonphosphorylated protein concomitantly increased in PDZRN3-depleted cells, with the inhibitory effect of Id2 on bHLH transcription factors having previously been shown to be attenuated by phosphorylation of Id2 catalyzed by the complex of Cdk2 with cyclin A2 or E1. Indeed, the expression of cyclin A2, but not that of cyclin E1, was reduced in PDZRN3-depleted cells. Our results thus indicate that PDZRN3 plays a key role in the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes by regulating Id2 at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Inui
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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47
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Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Luo K, Deng M, Qin B, Yuan J, Jeganathan KB, Yu J, Zhang H, Ding W, van Deursen JM, Lou Z. ZNF506-dependent positive feedback loop regulates H2AX signaling after DNA damage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2736. [PMID: 30013081 PMCID: PMC6048040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks by recruiting repair proteins to the damaged site. Phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX at S139 and Y142 modulate its interaction with downstream DNA repair proteins and their recruitment to DNA lesions. Here we report ATM-dependent ZNF506 localization to the lesion through MDC1 following DNA damage. ZNF506, in turn, recruits the protein phosphatase EYA, resulting in dephosphorylation of H2AX at Y142, which further facilitates the recruitment of MDC1 and other downstream repair factors. Thus, ZNF506 regulates the early dynamic signaling in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and controls progressive downstream signal amplification. Cells lacking ZNF506 or harboring mutations found in cancer patient samples are more sensitive to radiation, offering a potential new therapeutic option for cancers with mutations in this pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate how the DDR pathway is orchestrated by ZNF506 to maintain genomic integrity. Following double-strand break a cascade of events leads to the recruitment of repair factors to damaged sites. Here the authors identify ZNF506 as a key factor that mediates post-translational modification changes in H2AX affecting the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Henan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Abstract
This review by Levine and Holland reviews the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. They discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically. Mitosis is a delicate event that must be executed with high fidelity to ensure genomic stability. Recent work has provided insight into how mitotic errors shape cancer genomes by driving both numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Here, we review the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. We discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy. Finally, we survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Sun D, Li H, Mao S, Zhu W, Liu J. Effects of different starch source of starter on small intestinal growth and endogenous GLP-2 secretion in preweaned lambs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:306-317. [PMID: 29432586 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of starch in starter feed on small intestinal growth and endogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion in preweaned lambs. Twenty-four 10-d-old lambs were divided into three groups that were treated with different iso-starch diets containing purified cassava starch (CS, n = 8), maize starch (MS, n = 8), and pea starch (PS, n = 8). At 56 d old, there was no significant difference in final body weight (BW) of lambs among the three groups. However, different starch source in starter significantly affected the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of lambs among three groups. Compared with the CS and MS diets, the PS diet significantly increased the GLP-2 concentration in blood plasma (P < 0.001), the crypt depth of the jejunum (P = 0.006), and the villus height of the ileum (P = 0.039). Meanwhile, PS diet significantly increased the mRNA expression of proglucagon and the glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the PS diet significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 (P < 0.001), cyclin E (P = 0.006), and cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) (P = 0.048) in the jejunum and cyclin A (P < 0.001), cyclin D1 (P < 0.001), and CDK6 (P = 0.002) in the ileum. Correlation analysis showed that endogenous GLP-2 secretion was positively related to the mRNA levels of cell cycle proteins in small intestinal mucosa. In summary, all results showed that PS in starter feed promoted small intestinal growth that may, in part, be related to cell cycle acceleration and endogenous GLP-2 secretion in preweaned lambs. These findings provide new insights into nutritional interventions that promote the development of small intestines in young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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50
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Krasinska L, Fisher D. Non-Cell Cycle Functions of the CDK Network in Ciliogenesis: Recycling the Cell Cycle Oscillator. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800016. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Krasinska
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM); University of Montpellier, CNRS 1919 Route de Mende; Montpellier 34293 France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018; Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; 75013 Paris France
| | - Daniel Fisher
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM); University of Montpellier, CNRS 1919 Route de Mende; Montpellier 34293 France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018; Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; 75013 Paris France
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