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Michaud M, Nonglaton G, Anxionnaz-Minvielle Z. Wall-Immobilized Biocatalyst vs. Packed Bed in Miniaturized Continuous Reactors: Performances and Scale-Up. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400086. [PMID: 38618870 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable biocatalysis syntheses have gained considerable popularity over the years. However, further optimizations - notably to reduce costs - are required if the methods are to be successfully deployed in a range of areas. As part of this drive, various enzyme immobilization strategies have been studied, alongside process intensification from batch to continuous production. The flow bioreactor portfolio mainly ranges between packed bed reactors and wall-immobilized enzyme miniaturized reactors. Because of their simplicity, packed bed reactors are the most frequently encountered at lab-scale. However, at industrial scale, the growing pressure drop induced by the increase in equipment size hampers their implementation for some applications. Wall-immobilized miniaturized reactors require less pumping power, but a new problem arises due to their reduced enzyme-loading capacity. This review starts with a presentation of the current technology portfolio and a reminder of the metrics to be applied with flow bioreactors. Then, a benchmarking of the most recent relevant works is presented. The scale-up perspectives of the various options are presented in detail, highlighting key features of industrial requirements. One of the main objectives of this review is to clarify the strategies on which future study should center to maximize the performance of wall-immobilized enzyme reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Michaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DTCH, Laboratoire Composants et Systèmes Thermiques (LCST), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Nonglaton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTIS, Plateforme de Recherche Intégration, fonctionnalisation de Surfaces et Microfabrication (PRISM), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Zoé Anxionnaz-Minvielle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DTCH, Laboratoire Composants et Systèmes Thermiques (LCST), F-38000, Grenoble, France
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2
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Tiwari A, Kumari B, Nandagopal S, Mishra A, Shukla KK, Kumar A, Dutt N, Ahirwar DK. Promises of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Recalcitrant Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Scenario and Future Possibilities. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:963. [PMID: 38473324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
SCLC is refractory to conventional therapies; targeted therapies and immunological checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules have prolonged survival only marginally. In addition, ICIs help only a subgroup of SCLC patients. Different types of kinases play pivotal roles in therapeutics-driven cellular functions. Therefore, there is a significant need to understand the roles of kinases in regulating therapeutic responses, acknowledge the existing knowledge gaps, and discuss future directions for improved therapeutics for recalcitrant SCLC. Here, we extensively review the effect of dysregulated kinases in SCLC. We further discuss the pharmacological inhibitors of kinases used in targeted therapies for recalcitrant SCLC. We also describe the role of kinases in the ICI-mediated activation of antitumor immune responses. Finally, we summarize the clinical trials evaluating the potential of kinase inhibitors and ICIs. This review overviews dysregulated kinases in SCLC and summarizes their potential as targeted therapeutic agents. We also discuss their clinical efficacy in enhancing anticancer responses mediated by ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Tiwari
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Beauty Kumari
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividhya Nandagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamla Kant Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Dutt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
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Glace M, Armstrong C, Puryear N, Bailey C, Moazeni-Pourasil RS, Scott D, Abdelwahed S, Roper TD. An Automated Continuous Synthesis and Isolation for the Scalable Production of Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104213. [PMID: 37241953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a continuous system to produce multi-hundred-gram quantities of aryl sulfonyl chlorides is described. The scheme employs multiple continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) and a continuous filtration system and incorporates an automated process control scheme. The experimental process outlined is intended to safely produce the desired sulfonyl chloride at laboratory scale. Suitable reaction conditions were first determined using a batch-chemistry design of experiments (DOE) and several isolation methods. The hazards and incompatibilities of the heated chlorosulfonic acid reaction mixture were addressed by careful equipment selection, process monitoring, and automation. The approximations of the CSTR fill levels and pumping performance were measured by real-time data from gravimetric balances, ultimately leading to the incorporation of feedback controllers. The introduction of process automation demonstrated in this work resulted in significant improvements in process setpoint consistency, reliability, and spacetime yield, as demonstrated in medium- and large-scale continuous manufacturing runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Glace
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Cameron Armstrong
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Nathan Puryear
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Colin Bailey
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | | | - Drew Scott
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelwahed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Thomas D Roper
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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4
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Feng Báez JP, George De la Rosa MV, Alvarado-Hernández BB, Romañach RJ, Stelzer T. Evaluation of a compact composite sensor array for concentration monitoring of solutions and suspensions via multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115451. [PMID: 37182364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compact composite probes were identified as a priority to alleviate space constraints in miniaturized unit operations and pharmaceutical manufacturing platforms. Therefore, in this proof of principle study, a compact composite sensor array (CCSA) combining ultraviolet and near infrared features at four different wavelengths (280, 340, 600, 860 nm) in a 380 × 30 mm housing (length x diameter, 7 mm diameter at the probe head), was evaluated for its capabilities to monitor in situ concentration of solutions and suspensions via multivariate analysis using partial least squares (PLS) regression models. Four model active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): warfarin sodium isopropanol solvate (WS), lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate (LID), 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate (6-MP), and acetaminophen (ACM) in their aqueous solution and suspension formulation were used for the assessment. The results demonstrate that PLS models can be applied for the CCSA prototype to measure the API concentrations with similar accuracy (validation samples within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) limits), compared to univariate CCSA models and multivariate models for an established Raman spectrometer. Specifically, the multivariate CCSA models applied to the suspensions of 6-MP and ACM demonstrate improved accuracy of 63% and 31%, respectively, compared to the univariate CCSA models [1]. On the other hand, the PLS models for the solutions WS and LID showed a reduced accuracy compared to the univariate models [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean P Feng Báez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo J Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA.
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5
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Capaldo L, Wen Z, Noël T. A field guide to flow chemistry for synthetic organic chemists. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4230-4247. [PMID: 37123197 PMCID: PMC10132167 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00992k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry has unlocked a world of possibilities for the synthetic community, but the idea that it is a mysterious "black box" needs to go. In this review, we show that several of the benefits of microreactor technology can be exploited to push the boundaries in organic synthesis and to unleash unique reactivity and selectivity. By "lifting the veil" on some of the governing principles behind the observed trends, we hope that this review will serve as a useful field guide for those interested in diving into flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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6
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Casas-Orozco D, Laky D, Wang V, Abdi M, Feng X, Wood E, Reklaitis GV, Nagy ZK. Techno-economic analysis of dynamic, end-to-end optimal pharmaceutical campaign manufacturing using PharmaPy. AIChE J 2023; 69:e18142. [PMID: 38179085 PMCID: PMC10765457 DOI: 10.1002/aic.18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Increased interest in the pharmaceutical industry to transition from batch to continuouos manufacturing motivates the use of digital frameworks that allow systematic comparison of candidate process configurations. This paper evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of different end-to-end optimal process configurations, viz. batch, hybrid and continuous, for small-scale manufacturing of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Production campaigns were analyzed for those configurations containing continuous equipment, where significant start-up effects are expected given the relatively short campaign times considered. Hybrid operating mode was found to be the most attractive process configuration at intermediate and large annual production targets, which stems from combining continuous reactors and semi-batch vaporization equipment. Continuous operation was found to be more costly, due to long stabilization times of continuous crystallization, and thermodynamic limitations of flash vaporization. Our work reveals the benefits of systematic digital evaluation of process configurations that operate under feasible conditions and compliant product quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Casas-Orozco
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Daniel Laky
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Vivian Wang
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mesfin Abdi
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - X Feng
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - E Wood
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gintaras V Reklaitis
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Zoltan K Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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7
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Cohen B, Lehnherr D, Sezen-Edmonds M, Forstater JH, Frederick MO, Deng L, Ferretti AC, Harper K, Diwan M. Emerging Reaction Technologies in Pharmaceutical Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Biocatalysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Mackey J, Grover D, Pruneda G, Zenk E, Nagy ZK. Continuous Extraction of 2-Chloroethyl isocyanate for 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexylurea Purification. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING = GENIE DES PROCEDES = VERFAHRENSTECHNIK 2023; 183:109225. [PMID: 38179340 PMCID: PMC10765575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2022.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study details the development of simulation-aided design, development, and successful operation of a continuous liquid-liquid extraction platform made with 1.5 mm tubing for the extraction of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, an important reagent in the synthesis of cancer drugs. Preliminary solvent screening was carried out with partition coefficient calculations to determine solvents of interest. Next, batch and flow extraction experiments of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate in 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran and water were conducted to estimate extraction parameters. Following parameter estimation, experimental and model values for KLa were determined in the range of 1.13×10-3 to 36.0×10-3 s-1. Simulations of the extraction of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate were found to agree with experimental data resulting in a maximum efficiency of 77% and percent extraction of 69% for the continuous platform. Finally, model selection and discrimination was implemented for design space generation with experimental and model determined KLa values to guide lab-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Mackey
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Devna Grover
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Gabriella Pruneda
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Eva Zenk
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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9
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Continuous production of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride and CFD simulations of single-phase flow in an advanced-flow reactor. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Continuous synthesis of N-(3-Amino-4-methylphenyl)benzamide and its kinetics study in microflow system. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Gyürkés M, Madarász L, Záhonyi P, Köte Á, Nagy B, Pataki H, Nagy ZK, Domokos A, Farkas A. Soft sensor for content prediction in an integrated continuous pharmaceutical formulation line based on the residence time distribution of unit operations. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121950. [PMID: 35753540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a concentration predicting soft sensor was achieved based on the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of an integrated, three-step pharmaceutical formulation line. The RTD was investigated with color-based tracer experiments using image analysis. Twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) was directly coupled with a horizontal fluid bed dryer and an oscillating mill. Based on integrated measurement, we proved that it is also possible to couple the unit operations in silico. Three surrogate tracers were produced with a coloring agent to investigate the separated unit operations and the solid and liquid inputs of the TSWG. The soft sensor's prediction was compared to validating experiments of a 0.05 mg/g (15% of the nominal) concentration change with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) reference measurements of the active ingredient proving the adequacy of the soft sensor (RMSE < 4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gyürkés
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Madarász
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Záhonyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Köte
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Domokos
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Wang L, Liu M, Jiang M, Wan L, Li W, Cheng D, Chen F. Six‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Diclofenac Sodium via Cascade Etherification/Smiles Rearrangement Strategy: Tackling the Issues of Batch Processing. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201420. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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13
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Ma L, Zhang J, Lin L, Wang T, Ma C, Wang X, Li M, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Wu Z. Data-driven engineering framework with AI algorithm of Ginkgo Folium tablets manufacturing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:2188-2201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Residence time distribution and heat/mass transfer performance of a millimeter scale butterfly-shaped reactor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Morris G, Keogh AP, Farid U, Stumpf A. Development of an impurity and hydrate form controlling continuous crystallization to telescope a two-step batch recrystallization in the GDC-4379 drug substance process. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Nicholas RJ, McGuire MA, Hyun SH, Cullison MN, Thompson DH. Development of an Efficient, High Purity Continuous Flow Synthesis of Diazepam. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.877498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to strengthen the resiliency of supply chains for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), continuous manufacturing processes may be optimized with respect to improved chemoselectivity, production rate, yield, and/or process intensity. We report an efficient two-step continuous flow synthesis of diazepam, an agent on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) list of essential medicines. Different conditions were rapidly screened in microfluidic chip reactors by varying residence times, temperatures, solvents, and ammonia sources to identify the best telescoped reaction conditions. We report a telescoped flow synthesis that uses two microreactors in series set to 0°C and 60°C, respectively, to produce a 96% yield of 91% pure diazepam within 15 min using an NH4Br/NH4OH solution in the second step. Diazepam of >98% purity was obtained after a single recrystallization.
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17
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, M.V.D. Pinho e Melo T. Flow Chemistry: Sequential Flow Processes for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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19
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Shrimal P, Jadeja G, Patel S. Ultrasonic enhanced emulsification process in 3D printed microfluidic device to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121754. [PMID: 35452716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new method to prepare polymer encapsulated repaglinide nanoparticles through ultrasonic enhanced microchannel emulsification technique was explored. Using the concept of 3D printing, three different shaped micromixers (T-type, Y-type, and F-type) followed by a serpentine microchannel was fabricated using SS-316. Parametric study was performed on all three fabricated micromixers. The best results were obtained for the Y-microchannel in a microfluidic system alone, which showed a minimum particle size of 513.6 nm with 75.4% encapsulation efficiency (EE). In the selected microchannel, to further reduce the drug particle size and to increase% EE, convective mixing between immiscible fluids was enhanced by implementing ultrasound. Compared to the microfluidic system, particle size and EE were significantly improved in the ultrasonic microfluidic system. The experimental results revealed that the minimum particle size of 75.4 ± 1.3 nm with 82.9 ± 0.2% EE was achieved using an ultrasonic enhanced microfluidic system. The zeta potential of + 29.5 mV was obtained for emulsion prepared using the ultrasonic microfluidic system, whereas + 22 mV was prepared using a microfluidic system. Moreover, a backscattering measurement was performed to predict the stability of prepared emulsions. Integrating the ultrasound with a microfluidic system has proven beneficial for drug encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preena Shrimal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Girirajsinh Jadeja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India.
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20
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Roche P, Jones RC, Glennon B, Donnellan P. Binary Solvent Swap Processing in a Bubble Column in Batch and Continuous Modes. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:1191-1201. [PMID: 35464823 PMCID: PMC9016759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A lab-scale
bubble
column was investigated as an alternative means
to achieve a low-temperature binary solvent swap of solutions containing
pharmaceutical materials at atmospheric pressure, for batch and continuous
configurations. The rate of solvent evaporation was predicted by first-principles
vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) thermodynamic modeling and compared
to experimentally achieved results. For batch configurations, evaporation
rates of up to 5 g/min were achieved at gas flow rates up to 2.5 L/min
(0.21 m/s superficial velocity) and temperatures up to 50 °C.
This achieved 99 mol % purity of the desired solvent within three
“put and take” evaporations from a 50:50 starting mixture.
The evaporation rate profiles for the duration of the experiments
were calculated, and the changing concentration profile was predicted
within satisfactory error margins of <5%. Continuous process modeling
explored a multistage equilibrium configuration and could predict
the approach to attaining steady-state operation for various operating
conditions. All rates of evaporation and resulting changes in solution
concentration were measured, and direct comparison of model predictions
fell within instrumentation error margins, as previously. This underlined
the capability of the model to provide accurate representations of
predicted evaporation rates and binary solution concentration changes
during operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Roche
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roderick C Jones
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Glennon
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Philip Donnellan
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Harper KC, Zhang EX, Liu ZQ, Grieme T, Towne TB, Mack DJ, Griffin J, Zheng SY, Zhang NN, Gangula S, Yuan JL, Miller R, Huang PZ, Gage J, Diwan M, Ku YY. Commercial-Scale Visible Light Trifluoromethylation of 2-Chlorothiophenol Using CF3I Gas. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaid C. Harper
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - En-Xuan Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Grieme
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Timothy B. Towne
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mack
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeremy Griffin
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Song-Yuan Zheng
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Srinivas Gangula
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Yuan
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Robert Miller
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ping-Zhong Huang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - James Gage
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi-Yin Ku
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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22
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Optimal start-up strategies of a combined cooling and antisolvent multistage continuous crystallization process. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Purwa M, Rana A, Singh AK. The assembly of integrated continuous flow platform for on-demand rosiglitazone and pioglitazone synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00228k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing thiazolidinediones in a batch process is often carried out at different locations, where each successive batch collects a certain amount of intermediate followed by its transportation to another location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Purwa
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilash Rana
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K. Singh
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Capellades G, Bonsu JO, Myerson AS. Impurity incorporation in solution crystallization: diagnosis, prevention, and control. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of impurity incorporation during solution crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Jacob O. Bonsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Allan S. Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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25
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Nandiwale KY, Hart T, Zahrt AF, Nambiar AMK, Mahesh PT, Mo Y, Nieves-Remacha MJ, Johnson MD, García-Losada P, Mateos C, Rincón JA, Jensen KF. Continuous stirred-tank reactor cascade platform for self-optimization of reactions involving solids. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research-scale fully automated flow platform for reaction self-optimization with solids handling facilitates identification of optimal conditions for continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals while reducing amounts of raw materials consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Travis Hart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew F. Zahrt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anirudh M. K. Nambiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Prajwal T. Mahesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Martin D. Johnson
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas-Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Sagandira CR, Nqeketo S, Mhlana K, Sonti T, Gaqa S, Watts P. Towards 4th industrial revolution efficient and sustainable continuous flow manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of end-to-end continuous flow synthesis with downstream processing, process analytical technology (PAT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and automation in ensuring improved accessibility of quality medicines on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinazo Nqeketo
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Kanyisile Mhlana
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Thembela Sonti
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Sibongiseni Gaqa
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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27
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Kar S, Sanderson H, Roy K, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J. Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3637-3710. [PMID: 34910451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principles of green chemistry (GC) can be comprehensively implemented in green synthesis of pharmaceuticals by choosing no solvents or green solvents (preferably water), alternative reaction media, and consideration of one-pot synthesis, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), continuous processing, and process intensification approaches for atom economy and final waste reduction. The GC's execution in green synthesis can be performed using a holistic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) life cycle, minimizing hazards and pollution, and capitalizing the resource efficiency in the synthesis technique. Thus, the presented review accounts for the comprehensive exploration of GC's principles and metrics, an appropriate implication of those ideas in each step of the reaction schemes, from raw material to an intermediate to the final product's synthesis, and the final execution of the synthesis into scalable industry-based production. For real-life examples, we have discussed the synthesis of a series of established generic pharmaceuticals, starting with the raw materials, and the intermediates of the corresponding pharmaceuticals. Researchers and industries have thoughtfully instigated a green synthesis process to control the atom economy and waste reduction to protect the environment. We have extensively discussed significant reactions relevant for green synthesis, one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs, continuous processing, and process intensification, which may contribute to the future of green and sustainable synthesis of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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28
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De la Rosa MVG, Báez JPF, Romañach RJ, López-Mejías V, Stelzer T. Real-time concentration monitoring using a compact composite sensor array for in situ quality control of aqueous formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114386. [PMID: 34607202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements have demonstrated the feasibility of refrigerator-sized pharmaceutical manufacturing platforms (PMPs) for integrated end-to-end manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into formulated drug products. Unlike typical laboratory- or industrial-scale setups, PMPs present unique requirements for process analytical technology (PAT) with respect to versatility, flexibility, and physical size to fit into the PMP space constraints. In this proof of principle study, a novel compact composite sensor array (CCSA) combining ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) features at four different wavelengths (280, 340, 600, 860 nm) with temperature measuring capability in a 380 × 30 mm housing (length x diameter, 7 mm diameter at the probe head), were evaluated. The results indicate that the CCSA prototype is capable of measuring the solution and suspension concentrations in aqueous formulations of four model APIs (warfarin sodium isopropanol solvate, lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate, 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate, acetaminophen) in situ and in real-time with similar accuracy as an established Raman spectrometer commonly applied for method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - Jean P Feng Báez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus,. Mayagüez, PR, 00681, USA
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus San Juan, PR 00936, USA; Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA.
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29
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Continuous Flow Synthesis of Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226992. [PMID: 34834084 PMCID: PMC8625794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow chemistry is by now an established and valued synthesis technology regularly exploited in academic and industrial laboratories to bring about the improved preparation of a variety of molecular structures. Benefits such as better heat and mass transfer, improved process control and safety, a small equipment footprint, as well as the ability to integrate in-line analysis and purification tools into telescoped sequences are often cited when comparing flow to analogous batch processes. In this short review, the latest developments regarding the exploitation of continuous flow protocols towards the synthesis of anticancer drugs are evaluated. Our efforts focus predominately on the period of 2016-2021 and highlight key case studies where either the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or its building blocks were produced continuously. It is hoped that this manuscript will serve as a useful synopsis showcasing the impact of continuous flow chemistry towards the generation of important anticancer drugs.
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30
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen T, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 2,6‐Dideoxy and 3‐Amino‐2,3,6‐trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu‐Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
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31
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen TA, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,6-Dideoxy and 3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23171-23175. [PMID: 34463017 PMCID: PMC8511145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An automated continuous flow system capable of producing protected deoxy-sugar donors from commercial material is described. Four 2,6-dideoxy and two 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars with orthogonal protecting groups were synthesized in 11-32 % overall yields in 74-131.5 minutes of total reaction time. Several of the reactions were able to be concatenated into a continuous process, avoiding the need for chromatographic purification of intermediates. The modular nature of the experimental setup allowed for reaction streams to be split into different lines for the parallel synthesis of multiple donors. Further, the continuous flow processes were fully automated and described through the design of an open-source Python-controlled automation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu-Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
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32
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Seemann A, Panten J, Kirschning A. Flow Chemistry under Extreme Conditions: Synthesis of Macrocycles with Musklike Olfactoric Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13924-13933. [PMID: 33899468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Starting from small cyclic ketones, continuous flow synthesis is used to produce medium-sized rings and macrocycles that are relevant for the fragrance industry. Triperoxides are important intermediates in this process and are pyrolyzed at temperatures above 250 °C. The synthesis is carried out in two continuously operated flow reactors connected by a membrane-operated separator. The practicality of flow chemistry is impressively demonstrated in this work by the use of hazardous reagent mixtures (30% H2O2, 65% HNO3) and the pyrolysis of no less problematic peroxides. All new macrocycles were tested for their olfactory properties in relation to musk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Seemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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33
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Jiang M, Liu M, Huang H, Chen F. Fully Continuous Flow Synthesis of 5-(Aminomethyl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-amine: A Key Intermediate of Vitamin B 1. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meifen Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Engineering center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Huashan Huang
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Engineering center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
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34
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Roche P, Jones RC, Glennon B, Donnellan P. Development of a continuous evaporation system for an
API
solution stream prior to crystallization. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Roche
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Univerty College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Roderick C. Jones
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Univerty College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian Glennon
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Univerty College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Philip Donnellan
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Univerty College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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35
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Lopez-Rodriguez R, Harding MJ, Gibson G, Girard KP, Ferguson S. Design of a Combined Modular and 3D-Printed Falling Film Solution Layer Crystallizer for Intermediate Purification in Continuous Production of Pharmaceuticals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:10276-10285. [PMID: 34475633 PMCID: PMC8385708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly scalable combined modular and 3D-printed falling film crystallization device is developed and demonstrated herein; the device uses a small, complex, printed overflow-based film distribution part that ensures formation of a well-distributed heated liquid film around a modular, tubular residence time/crystallizer section, enabling extended residence times to be achieved. A model API (ibuprofen) and impurity (ibuprofen ethyl ester) were used as a test system in the evaluation of the novel crystallizer design. The proposed crystallizer was run using three operational configurations: batch, cyclical batch, and continuous feed, all with intermittent removal of product. Results were suitable for intermediate purification requirements, and stable operation was demonstrated over multiple cycles, indicating that this approach should be compatible with parallel semicontinuous operation for intermediate purification and solvent swap applications in the manufacture of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lopez-Rodriguez
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- SSPC,
The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew J. Harding
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- I-Form,
The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, School of Chemical
and Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geoff Gibson
- Pfizer
Ireland Pharmaceuticals, Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Girard
- Pfizer
Inc. Chemical R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Ferguson
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- SSPC,
The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- I-Form,
The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, School of Chemical
and Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- National
Institute for Bioprocess Research and Training, 24 Foster’s Avenue, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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36
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Armstrong C, Miyai Y, Formosa A, Thomas D, Chen E, Hart T, Schultz V, Desai BK, Cai AY, Almasy A, Jensen K, Rogers L, Roper T. On-Demand Continuous Manufacturing of Ciprofloxacin in Portable Plug-and-Play Factories: Development of a Highly Efficient Synthesis for Ciprofloxacin. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Armstrong
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
| | - Yuma Miyai
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
| | - Anna Formosa
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
| | - Dale Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Esther Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Travis Hart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Victor Schultz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Bimbisar K. Desai
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
| | - Angela Y. Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Alexandra Almasy
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
| | - Klavs Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Luke Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
- OnDemand Pharmaceuticals, 1550 E Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Tom Roper
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2512, United States
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Abstract
In the past decade, the field of organic synthesis has witnessed tremendous advancements in the areas of photoredox catalysis, electrochemistry, C-H activation, reductive coupling and flow chemistry. While these methods and technologies offer many strategic advantages in streamlining syntheses, their application on the process scale is complicated by several factors. In this Review, we discuss the challenges that arise when these reaction classes and/or flow chemistry technology are taken from a research laboratory operating at the milligram scale to a reactor capable of producing kilograms of product. We discuss how these challenges have been overcome through chemical and engineering solutions. Specifically, this Review will highlight key examples that have led to the production of multi-hundred-gram to kilogram quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients or their intermediates and will provide insight on the scaling-up process to those developing new technologies and reactions.
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38
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Capellades G, Neurohr C, Briggs N, Rapp K, Hammersmith G, Brancazio D, Derksen B, Myerson AS. On-Demand Continuous Manufacturing of Ciprofloxacin in Portable Plug-and-Play Factories: Implementation and In Situ Control of Downstream Production. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Clemence Neurohr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Naomi Briggs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Kersten Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Gregory Hammersmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - David Brancazio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Bridget Derksen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Allan S. Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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39
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Operti MC, Bernhardt A, Grimm S, Engel A, Figdor CG, Tagit O. PLGA-based nanomedicines manufacturing: Technologies overview and challenges in industrial scale-up. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120807. [PMID: 34144133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) carriers offer tremendous opportunities for biomedical research. Although several PLGA-based systems have already been approved by both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA), and are widely used in the clinics for the treatment or diagnosis of diseases, no PLGA nanomedicine formulation is currently available on the global market. One of the most impeding barriers is the development of a manufacturing technique that allows for the transfer of nanomedicine production from the laboratory to an industrial scale with proper characterization and quality control methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the technologies currently available for the manufacturing and analysis of polymeric nanomedicines based on PLGA nanoparticles, the scale-up challenges that hinder their industrial applicability, and the issues associated with their successful translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Operti
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Evonik Operations GmbH, Research Development & Innovation, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bernhardt
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research Development & Innovation, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Silko Grimm
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research Development & Innovation, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Andrea Engel
- Evonik Corporation, Birmingham Laboratories, Birmingham, AL 35211, United States.
| | - Carl Gustav Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Oya Tagit
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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40
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Hu C. Reactor design and selection for effective continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. J Flow Chem 2021; 11:243-263. [PMID: 34026279 PMCID: PMC8130218 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical production remains one of the last industries that predominantly uses batch processes, which are inefficient and can cause drug shortages due to the long lead times or quality defects. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies are transitioning away from outdated batch lines, in large part motivated by the many advantages of continuous manufacturing (e.g., low cost, quality assurance, shortened lead time). As chemical reactions are fundamental to any drug production process, the selection of reactor and its design are critical to enhanced performance such as improved selectivity and yield. In this article, relevant theories, and models, as well as their required input data are summarized to assist the reader in these tasks, focusing on continuous reactions. Selected examples that describe the application of plug flow reactors (PFRs) and continuous-stirred tank reactors (CSTRs)-in-series within the pharmaceutical industry are provided. Process analytical technologies (PATs), which are important tools that provide real-time in-line continuous monitoring of reactions, are recommended to be considered during the reactor design process (e.g., port design for the PAT probe). Finally, other important points, such as density change caused by thermal expansion or solid precipitation, clogging/fouling, and scaling-up, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Hu
- CONTINUUS Pharmaceuticals, Woburn, MA 01801 USA
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Johnson MD, Burcham CL, May SA, Calvin JR, McClary Groh J, Myers SS, Webster LP, Roberts JC, Reddy VR, Luciani CV, Corrigan AP, Spencer RD, Moylan R, Boyse R, Murphy JD, Stout JR. API Continuous Cooling and Antisolvent Crystallization for Kinetic Impurity Rejection in cGMP Manufacturing. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D. Johnson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Scott A. May
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joel R. Calvin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jennifer McClary Groh
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Steven S. Myers
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Luke P. Webster
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Roberts
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Venkata Ramana Reddy
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Carla V. Luciani
- Eli Lilly and Company, Process Development, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | | | - Robert Moylan
- Eli Lilly Kinsale, Manufacturing, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raymond Boyse
- Eli Lilly Kinsale, Manufacturing, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Cork, Ireland
| | - John D. Murphy
- Eli Lilly Kinsale, Manufacturing, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Cork, Ireland
| | - James R. Stout
- D&M Continuous Solutions, LLC, Greenwood, Indiana 46113, United States
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42
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Scale-up of micro- and milli-reactors: An overview of strategies, design principles and applications. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Sun M, Yang J, Fu Y, Liang C, Li H, Yan G, Yin C, Yu W, Ma Y, Cheng R, Ye J. Continuous Flow Process for the Synthesis of Betahistine via Aza-Michael-Type Reaction in Water. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youtian Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chaoming Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guoming Yan
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201419, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201419, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 158 Minle Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201419, China
| | - Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 China
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Ley SV, Chen Y, Robinson A, Otter B, Godineau E, Battilocchio C. A Comment on Continuous Flow Technologies within the Agrochemical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alan Robinson
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Otter
- Process Technology New Active Ingredients, Syngenta Crop Protection, CH-4333 Münchwilen, Switzerland
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Domokos A, Nagy B, Szilágyi B, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Integrated Continuous Pharmaceutical Technologies—A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Domokos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Szilágyi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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46
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High-pressure asymmetric hydrogenation in a customized flow reactor and its application in multi-step flow synthesis of chiral drugs. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Roche P, Glennon B, Jones RC, Donnellan P. Low-temperature evaporation of continuous pharmaceutical process streams in a bubble column. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Two-phase flow and mass transfer in microchannels: A review from local mechanism to global models. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Diab S, Raiyat M, Gerogiorgis DI. Flow synthesis kinetics for lomustine, an anti-cancer active pharmaceutical ingredient. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An original reaction mechanism and kinetic parameter estimation has been achieved for lomustine, an anti-cancer active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Diab
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
| | - Mateen Raiyat
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
| | - Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis
- Institute for Materials and Processes (IMP), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK
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50
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Sivo A, Galaverna RDS, Gomes GR, Pastre JC, Vilé G. From circular synthesis to material manufacturing: advances, challenges, and future steps for using flow chemistry in novel application area. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We review the emerging use of flow technologies for circular chemistry and material manufacturing, highlighting advances, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- IT-20131 Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- IT-20131 Milano
- Italy
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