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Lao J, Zhou T. Manipulating chiral Majorana mode with additional potential in superconductor-Chern insulator heterostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:405702. [PMID: 38955340 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5e2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We employed the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations to explore the states of chiral Majorana mode in quantum anomalous Hall insulators in proximity to a superconductor, leading to the development of an extensive topological phase diagram. Our investigation focused on how an additional potential affects the separation of chiral Majorana modes across different phase conditions. We substantiated our findings by examining the zero-energy Local Density of States spectrum and the probability distribution of the chiral Majorana modes. We established the universality of chiral Majorana mode separation by applying an additional potential. This finding serves as a vital resource for future endeavors aimed at controlling and detecting these particles, thereby contributing to the advancement of quantum computing and condensed matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Lao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yuan W, Yan ZJ, Yi H, Wang Z, Paolini S, Zhao YF, Zhou L, Wang AG, Wang K, Prokscha T, Salman Z, Suter A, Balakrishnan PP, Grutter AJ, Winter LE, Singleton J, Chan MHW, Chang CZ. Coexistence of Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in Topological Magnet MnBi 2Te 4 Films. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7962-7971. [PMID: 38885199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The interface of two materials can harbor unexpected emergent phenomena. One example is interface-induced superconductivity. In this work, we employ molecular beam epitaxy to grow a series of heterostructures formed by stacking together two nonsuperconducting antiferromagnetic materials, an intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 and an antiferromagnetic iron chalcogenide FeTe. Our electrical transport measurements reveal interface-induced superconductivity in these heterostructures. By performing scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements, we observe a proximity-induced superconducting gap on the top surface of the MnBi2Te4 layer, confirming the coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in the MnBi2Te4 layer. Our findings will advance the fundamental inquiries into the topological superconducting phase in hybrid devices and provide a promising platform for the exploration of chiral Majorana physics in MnBi2Te4-based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zi-Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hemian Yi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Stephen Paolini
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lingjie Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Annie G Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zaher Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Purnima P Balakrishnan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Laurel E Winter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - John Singleton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Moses H W Chan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Xie R, Ge M, Xiao S, Zhang J, Bi J, Yuan X, Yi HT, Wang B, Oh S, Cao Y, Yao X. Resilient Growth of a Highly Crystalline Topological Insulator-Superconductor Heterostructure Enabled by an Ex Situ Nitride Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34386-34392. [PMID: 38869156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Highly crystalline and easily feasible topological insulator-superconductor (TI-SC) heterostructures are crucial for the development of practical topological qubit devices. The optimal superconducting layer for TI-SC heterostructures should be highly resilient against external contamination and structurally compatible with TIs. In this study, we provide a solution to this challenge by showcasing the growth of a highly crystalline TI-SC heterostructure using refractory TiN (111) as the superconducting layer. This approach can eliminate the need for in situ cleavage or growth. More importantly, the TiN surface shows high resilience against contaminations during air exposure, as demonstrated by the successful recyclable growth of Bi2Se3. Our findings indicate that TI-SC heterostructures based on nitride films are compatible with device fabrication techniques, paving the way to the realization of practical topological qubit devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Min Ge
- The Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Jiahui Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jiachang Bi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Baomin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiong Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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4
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Huang Y, Fu Y, Zhang P, Wang KL, He QL. Inducing superconductivity in quantum anomalous Hall regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:37LT01. [PMID: 38888323 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Interfacing the quantum anomalous Hall insulator with a conventional superconductor is known to be a promising manner for realizing a topological superconductor, which has been continuously pursued for years. Such a proximity route depends to a great extent on the control of the delicate interfacial coupling of the two constituents. However, a recent experiment reported the failure to reproduce such a topological superconductor, which is ascribed to the negligence of the electrical short by the superconductor in the theoretical proposal. Here, we reproduce this topological superconductor with attention to the interface control. The resulted conductance matrix under a wide magnetic field range agrees with the fingerprint of this topological superconductor. This allows us to develop a phase diagram that unveils three regions parameterized by various coupling limits, which not only supports the feasibility to fabricate the topological superconductor by proximity but also fully explains the origin of the previous debate. The present work provides a comprehensible guide on fabricating the topological superconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Qing Lin He
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wu HB, Liu YJ, Liu YD, Liu JJ. Resonant exchange of chiral Majorana Fermions modulated by two parallel quantum dots. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:345301. [PMID: 38729174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad49fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Resonant exchange of the chiral Majorana fermions (MFs) that is coupled to two parallel Majorana zero modes (MZMs) or two parallel quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. We find that, in the two QDs coupling case, the resonant exchange for the chiral MFs is analogous to that in the MZM coupling case. We further propose a circuit based on topological superconductor, which is formed by the proximity coupling of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator and a s-wave superconductor, to observe the resonant exchange of chiral MFs pairs. The numerical calculations show that the resonant transmission of the chiral MFs can be adjusted by varying the coupling parameters at superconductor phase differenceΔφ=π. It is particularly noteworthy that, by only modulating the coupling strength between the two QDs, the resonant exchange may be switched on or off. By adding another MZM, the non-Abelian braiding like operation can be realized. Therefore, our design scheme may provide another way for non-Abelian braiding operation of MFs and the findings may have potential application value in the realization of topological quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Wu
- College of Science, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- College of Science, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Di Liu
- College of Science, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Science, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, People's Republic of China
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hirayama M, Nomoto T, Arita R. Topological band inversion and chiral Majorana mode in hcp thallium. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:275502. [PMID: 38447148 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The chiral Majorana fermion is an exotic particle that is its own antiparticle. It can arise in a one-dimensional edge of topological materials, and especially that in a topological superconductor can be exploited in non-Abelian quantum computation. While the chiral Majorana mode (CMM) remains elusive, a promising situation is realized when superconductivity coexists with a topologically non-trivial surface state. Here, we perform fully non-empirical calculation for the CMM considering superconductivity and surface relaxation, and show that hexagonal close-packed thallium (Tl) has an ideal electronic state that harbors the CMM. Thekz=0plane of Tl is a mirror plane, realizing a full-gap band inversion corresponding to a topological crystalline insulating phase. Its surface and hinge are stable and easy to make various structures. Another notable feature is that the surface Dirac point is very close to the Fermi level, so that a small Zeeman field can induce a topological transition. Our calculation indicates that Tl will provide a new platform of the Majorana fermion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Hirayama
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuya Nomoto
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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7
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Yi H, Zhao YF, Chan YT, Cai J, Mei R, Wu X, Yan ZJ, Zhou LJ, Zhang R, Wang Z, Paolini S, Xiao R, Wang K, Richardella AR, Singleton J, Winter LE, Prokscha T, Salman Z, Suter A, Balakrishnan PP, Grutter AJ, Chan MHW, Samarth N, Xu X, Wu W, Liu CX, Chang CZ. Interface-induced superconductivity in magnetic topological insulators. Science 2024; 383:634-639. [PMID: 38330133 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The interface between two different materials can show unexpected quantum phenomena. In this study, we used molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize heterostructures formed by stacking together two magnetic materials, a ferromagnetic topological insulator (TI) and an antiferromagnetic iron chalcogenide (FeTe). We observed emergent interface-induced superconductivity in these heterostructures and demonstrated the co-occurrence of superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and topological band structure in the magnetic TI layer-the three essential ingredients of chiral topological superconductivity (TSC). The unusual coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity is accompanied by a high upper critical magnetic field that exceeds the Pauli paramagnetic limit for conventional superconductors at low temperatures. These magnetic TI/FeTe heterostructures with robust superconductivity and atomically sharp interfaces provide an ideal wafer-scale platform for the exploration of chiral TSC and Majorana physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemian Yi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ying-Ting Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jiaqi Cai
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruobing Mei
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ling-Jie Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen Paolini
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anthony R Richardella
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - John Singleton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Laurel E Winter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Thomas Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zaher Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Purnima P Balakrishnan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Moses H W Chan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nitin Samarth
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chao-Xing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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8
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Yao Q, Xue Y, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Li Z, Yang Z. Orbital-Selectivity-Induced Robust Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Hund's Metals MgFeP. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1563-1569. [PMID: 38262051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic (FM) states with high Curie temperatures (Tc) and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are indispensable for the long-sought room-temperature quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effects. Here, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) iron-based monolayer MgFeP that exhibits a notably high FM Tc (about 1525 K) along with exceptional structural stabilities. The unique multiorbital nature in MgFeP, where localized d x 2 - y 2 and dxz/yz orbitals coexist with itinerant dxy and dz2 orbitals, renders the monolayer a Hund's metal and in an orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP). This OSMP triggers an FM double exchange mechanism, rationalizing the high Tc in the Hund's metal. This material transitions to a QAH insulator upon consideration of the SOC effect. By leveraging orbital selectivity, the QAH band gap can be enlarged by more than two times (to 137 meV). Our findings showcase Hund's metals as a promising material platform for realizing high-performance quantum topological electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Xue
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhongqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
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9
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Di Miceli D, Serra L. Quantum-anomalous-Hall current patterns and interference in thin slabs of chiral topological superconductors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19955. [PMID: 37968369 PMCID: PMC10651843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The chiral topological superconductor, which supports propagating nontrivial edge modes while maintaining a gapped bulk, can be realized hybridizing a quantum-anomalous-Hall thin slab with an ordinary s-wave superconductor. We show that by sweeping the voltage bias in a normal-hybrid-normal double junction, the pattern of electric currents in the normal leads spans three main regimes. From single-mode edge-current quantization at low bias, to double-mode edge-current oscillations at intermediate voltages and up to diffusive bulk currents at larger voltages. Observing such patterns by resolving the spatial distribution of the local current in the thin slab could provide additional evidence, besides the global conductance, on the physics of chiral topological superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Miceli
- Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems IFISC (CSIC-UIB), 07122, Palma, Spain
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Llorenç Serra
- Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems IFISC (CSIC-UIB), 07122, Palma, Spain.
- Department of Physics, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.
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10
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Yazdani A, von Oppen F, Halperin BI, Yacoby A. Hunting for Majoranas. Science 2023; 380:eade0850. [PMID: 37347870 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been considerable efforts to observe non-abelian quasiparticles in novel quantum materials and devices. These efforts are motivated by the goals of demonstrating quantum statistics of quasiparticles beyond those of fermions and bosons and of establishing the underlying science for the creation of topologically protected quantum bits. In this Review, we focus on efforts to create topological superconducting phases that host Majorana zero modes. We consider the lessons learned from existing experimental efforts, which are motivating both improvements to present platforms and the exploration of new approaches. Although the experimental detection of non-abelian quasiparticles remains challenging, the knowledge gained thus far and the opportunities ahead offer high potential for discovery and advances in this exciting area of quantum physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yazdani
- Joseph Henry Laboratories and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Felix von Oppen
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Amir Yacoby
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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11
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Luan J, Feng Y, Ji Y, Li Y, Li H, Liu Z, Liu C, Zhang J, Kou X, Wang Y. Controlling the Zero Hall Plateau in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator by In-Plane Magnetic Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:186201. [PMID: 37204911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the quantum anomalous Hall plateau transition in the presence of independent out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields. The perpendicular coercive field, zero Hall plateau width, and peak resistance value can all be systematically controlled by the in-plane magnetic field. The traces taken at various fields almost collapse into a single curve when the field vector is renormalized to an angle as a geometric parameter. These results can be explained consistently by the competition between magnetic anisotropy and in-plane Zeeman field, and the close relationship between quantum transport and magnetic domain structure. The accurate control of zero Hall plateau facilitates the search for chiral Majorana modes based on the quantum anomalous Hall system in proximity to a superconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Ji
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Kou
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 20031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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12
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Harle N, Shtanko O, Movassagh R. Observing and braiding topological Majorana modes on programmable quantum simulators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2286. [PMID: 37085488 PMCID: PMC10121601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrons are indivisible elementary particles, yet paradoxically a collection of them can act as a fraction of a single electron, exhibiting exotic and useful properties. One such collective excitation, known as a topological Majorana mode, is naturally stable against perturbations, such as unwanted local noise, and can thereby robustly store quantum information. As such, Majorana modes serve as the basic primitive of topological quantum computing, providing resilience to errors. However, their demonstration on quantum hardware has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a verifiable identification and braiding of topological Majorana modes using a superconducting quantum processor as a quantum simulator. By simulating fermions on a one-dimensional lattice subject to a periodic drive, we confirm the existence of Majorana modes localized at the edges, and distinguish them from other trivial modes. To simulate a basic logical operation of topological quantum computing known as braiding, we propose a non-adiabatic technique, whose implementation reveals correct braiding statistics in our experiments. This work could further be used to study topological models of matter using circuit-based simulations, and shows that long-sought quantum phenomena can be realized by anyone in cloud-run quantum simulations, whereby accelerating fundamental discoveries in quantum science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Harle
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- IBM Quantum, MIT-IBM Watson AI lab, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Oles Shtanko
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- IBM Quantum, MIT-IBM Watson AI lab, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Google Quantum AI, Venice Beach, CA, 90291, USA.
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13
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Exactly solving the Kitaev chain and generating Majorana-zero-modes out of noisy qubits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19882. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMajorana-zero-modes (MZMs) were predicted to exist as edge states of a physical system called the Kitaev chain. MZMs should host particles that are their own antiparticles and could be used as a basis for a qubit which is robust-to-noise. However, all attempts to prove their existence gave inconclusive results. Here, the Kitaev chain is exactly solved with a quantum computing methodology and properties of MZMs are probed by generating eigenstates of the Kitev Hamiltonian on 3 noisy qubits of a publicly available quantum computer. After an ontological elaboration I show that two eigenstates of the Kitaev Hamiltonian exhibit eight signatures attributed to MZMs. The results presented here are a most comprehensive set of validations of MZMs ever conducted in an actual physical system. Furthermore, the findings of this manuscript are easily reproducible for any user of publicly available quantum computers, solving another important problem of research with MZMs—the result reproducibility crisis.
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14
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Zhuang J, Huang CY, Chang PY, Wang DW. 2D gapless topological superfluids generated by pairing phases. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:415403. [PMID: 35882220 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the ground state phase diagram and the finite temperature phase transitions for a Rydberg-dressed Fermi gas loaded in a bilayer optical lattice. When an effective finite-ranged attraction is induced, our self-consistent mean-field calculation shows that the gapped topological (p-wave) superfluids in each layer are coupled together by thes-wave pairing in an intermediate inter-layer distance with a spontaneously modulated phases between these two order parameters. The obtained ground state is a gapless topological superfluid with quantized topological charges characterizing the gapless points, leading to a zero energy flat band at the edges. Finally, we calculate the finite temperature phase diagrams of this two-dimensional gapless superfluid and observe two distinct critical temperatures, demonstrating the fruitful many-body effects on a paired topological superfluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Zhuang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Wei Wang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Theory and Computation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Mandal P, Taufertshöfer N, Lunczer L, Stehno MP, Gould C, Molenkamp LW. Finite Field Transport Response of a Dilute Magnetic Topological Insulator-Based Josephson Junction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3557-3561. [PMID: 35471102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid samples combining superconductors with magnetic topological insulators are a promising platform for exploring exotic new transport physics. We examine a Josephson junction of such a system based on the dilute magnetic topological insulator (Hg,Mn)Te and the type II superconductor MoRe. In the zero and very low field limits, to the best of our knowledge, the device shows, for the first time, an induced supercurrent through a magnetically doped semiconductor, in this case, a topological insulator. At higher fields, a rich and hysteretic magnetoresistance is revealed. Careful analysis shows that the explanation of this behavior can be found in magnetic flux focusing stemming from the Meissner effect in the superconductor, without invoking any role of proximity-induced superconductivity. The phenomena is important because it will ubiquitously coexist with any exotic new physics that may be present in this class of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Mandal
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Taufertshöfer
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Lunczer
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin P Stehno
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles Gould
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurens W Molenkamp
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Huang B, Yang X, Zhang Q, Xu N. Chiral Majorana edge modes and vortex Majorana zero modes in superconducting antiferromagnetic topological insulator. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:115503. [PMID: 34933290 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The antiferromagnetic topological insulator (AFTI) is topologically protected by the combined time-reversal and translational symmetryTc. In this paper we investigate the effects of thes-wave superconducting pairings on the multilayers of AFTI, which breaksTcsymmetry and can realize quantum anomalous Hall insulator with unit Chern number. For the weakly coupled pairings, the system corresponds to the topological superconductor (TSC) with the Chern numberC= ±2. We answer the following questions whether the local Chern numbers and chiral Majorana edge modes of such a TSC distribute around the surface layers. By the numerical calculations based on a theoretic model of AFTI, we find that when the local Chern numbers are always dominated by the surface layers, the wavefunctions of chiral Majorana edge modes must not localize on the surface layers and show a smooth crossover from spatially occupying all layers to only distributing near the surface layers, similar to the hinge states in a three dimensional second-order topological phases. The latter phase, denoted by the hinged TSC, can be distinguished from the former phase by the measurements of the local density of state. In addition we also study the superconducting vortex phase transition in this system and find that the exchange field in the AFTI not only enlarges the phase space of topological vortex phase but also enhances its topological stability. These conclusions will stimulate the investigations on superconducting effects of AFTI and drive the studies on chiral Majorana edge modes and vortex Majorana zero modes into a new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibing Huang
- Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosen Yang
- Department of physics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, People's Republic of China
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17
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Yao X, Brahlek M, Yi HT, Jain D, Mazza AR, Han MG, Oh S. Hybrid Symmetry Epitaxy of the Superconducting Fe(Te,Se) Film on a Topological Insulator. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6518-6524. [PMID: 34319741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to grow an epitaxial 4-fold compound superconductor (SC) on a 6-fold topological insulator (TI) platform due to the stringent lattice-matching requirement. Here, we demonstrate that Fe(Te,Se) can grow epitaxially on a TI (Bi2Te3) layer due to accidental, uniaxial lattice match, which is dubbed as "hybrid symmetry epitaxy". This new growth mode is critical to stabilizing robust superconductivity with TC as high as 13 K. Furthermore, the superconductivity in this FeTe1-xSex/Bi2Te3 system survives in the Te-rich phase with Se content as low as x = 0.03 but vanishes at Se content above x = 0.56, exhibiting a phase diagram that is quite different from that of the conventional Fe(Te,Se) systems. This unique heterostructure platform that can be formed in both TI-on-SC and SC-on-TI sequences opens a route to unprecedented topological heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yao
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Alessandro R Mazza
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Center for Quantum Materials Synthesis and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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18
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Zhang RX, Das Sarma S. Anomalous Floquet Chiral Topological Superconductivity in a Topological Insulator Sandwich Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:067001. [PMID: 34420352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that Floquet chiral topological superconductivity arises naturally in Josephson junctions made of magnetic topological insulator-superconductor sandwich structures. The Josephson phase modulation associated with an applied bias voltage across the junction drives the system into the anomalous Floquet chiral topological superconductor hosting chiral Majorana edge modes in the quasienergy spectrum, with the bulk Floquet bands carrying zero Chern numbers. The bias voltage acts as a tuning parameter enabling novel Floquet topological quantum phase transitions driving the system into a myriad of exotic Majorana-carrying Floquet topological superconducting phases. Our theory establishes a new paradigm for realizing Floquet chiral topological superconductivity in solid-state systems, which should be experimentally directly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Zhang
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Das Sarma
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
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19
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Wang P, Ge J, Li J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang J. Intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100098. [PMID: 34557750 PMCID: PMC8454723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing magnetism into topological insulators breaks time-reversal symmetry, and the magnetic exchange interaction can open a gap in the otherwise gapless topological surface states. This allows various novel topological quantum states to be generated, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and axion insulator states. Magnetic doping and magnetic proximity are viewed as being useful means of exploring the interaction between topology and magnetism. However, the inhomogeneity of magnetic doping leads to complicated magnetic ordering and small exchange gaps, and consequently the observed QAHE appears only at ultralow temperatures. Therefore, intrinsic magnetic topological insulators are highly desired for increasing the QAHE working temperature and for investigating topological quantum phenomena further. The realization and characterization of such systems are essential for both fundamental physics and potential technical revolutions. This review summarizes recent research progress in intrinsic magnetic topological insulators, focusing mainly on the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 and its family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyuan Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Ge
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanzhao Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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de Leon NP, Itoh KM, Kim D, Mehta KK, Northup TE, Paik H, Palmer BS, Samarth N, Sangtawesin S, Steuerman DW. Materials challenges and opportunities for quantum computing hardware. Science 2021; 372:372/6539/eabb2823. [PMID: 33859004 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum computing hardware technologies have advanced during the past two decades, with the goal of building systems that can solve problems that are intractable on classical computers. The ability to realize large-scale systems depends on major advances in materials science, materials engineering, and new fabrication techniques. We identify key materials challenges that currently limit progress in five quantum computing hardware platforms, propose how to tackle these problems, and discuss some new areas for exploration. Addressing these materials challenges will require scientists and engineers to work together to create new, interdisciplinary approaches beyond the current boundaries of the quantum computing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie P de Leon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kohei M Itoh
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Karan K Mehta
- Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tracy E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanhee Paik
- IBM Quantum, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
| | - B S Palmer
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.,Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - N Samarth
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sorawis Sangtawesin
- School of Physics and Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - D W Steuerman
- Kavli Foundation, 5715 Mesmer Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90230, USA
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21
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22
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Papaj M, Fu L. Creating Majorana modes from segmented Fermi surface. Nat Commun 2021; 12:577. [PMID: 33495471 PMCID: PMC7835351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Majorana bound states provide a fertile ground for both investigation of fundamental phenomena as well as for applications in quantum computation. However, despite enormous experimental and theoretical efforts, the currently available Majorana platforms suffer from a multitude of issues that prevent full realization of their potential. Therefore, improved Majorana systems are still highly sought after. Here we present a platform for creating Majorana bound states from 2D gapless superconducting state in spin-helical systems under the in-plane magnetic or Zeeman field. Topological 1D channels are formed by quantum confinement of quasiparticles via Andreev reflection from the surrounding fully gapped superconducting region. Our proposal can be realized using narrow strips of magnetic insulators on top of proximitized 3D topological insulators. This setup has key advantages that include: small required fields, no necessity of fine-tuning of chemical potential, removal of the low-energy detrimental states, and large attainable topological gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Papaj
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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