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Zhou Y, Lu T, Li Y, Qin Y, Lu Y, Tian Q, Lan K, Zhou G, Qin Y, Harypursat V, Li S, Lin S, Chen Y. Severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia of amphotericin B deoxycholate-based induction therapy in patients with HIV-associated talaromycosis: a subgroup analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:707. [PMID: 37864131 PMCID: PMC10588125 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study's objective was to investigate the predictors for severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia when amphotericin B deoxycholate-based induction therapy is used in HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis. METHODS A total of 170 HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis were enrolled from January 1st, 2019, to September 30th, 2020. RESULTS Approximately 42.9%, 20.6%, and 10.6% of the enrolled patients developed severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia, respectively. Baseline hemoglobin level < 100 g/L (OR = 5.846, 95% CI: 2.765 ~ 12.363), serum creatinine level > 73.4 µmol/L (OR = 2.573, 95% CI: 1.157 ~ 5.723), AST/ALT ratio > 1.6 (OR = 2.479, 95% CI: 1.167 ~ 5.266), sodium level ≤ 136 mmol/liter (OR = 4.342, 95% CI: 1.747 ~ 10.789), and a dose of amphotericin B deoxycholate > 0.58 mg/kg/d (OR = 2.504, 95% CI:1.066 ~ 5.882) were observed to be independent risk factors associated with the development of severe anemia. Co-infection with tuberculosis (OR = 3.307, 95% CI: 1.050 ~ 10.420), and platelet level (per 10 × 109 /L) (OR = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.911 ~ 0.996) were shown to be independent risk factors associated with the development of severe leukopenia. Platelet level < 100 × 109 /L (OR = 2.935, 95% CI: 1.075 ~ 8.016) was identified as the independent risk factor associated with the development of severe thrombocytopenia. There was no difference in progression to severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia between the patients with or without fungal clearance at 2 weeks. 10 mg on the first day of amphotericin B deoxycholate was calculated to be independent risk factors associated with the development of severe anemia (OR = 2.621, 95% CI: 1.107 ~ 6.206). The group receiving a starting amphotericin B dose (10 mg, 20 mg, daily) exhibited the highest fungal clearance rate at 96.3%, which was significantly better than the group receiving a starting amphotericin B dose (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, daily) (60.9%) and the group receiving a starting amphotericin B dose (5 mg, 15 mg, and 25 mg, daily) (62.9%). CONCLUSION The preceding findings reveal risk factors for severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia. After treatment with Amphotericin B, these severe adverse events are likely unrelated to fungal clearance at 2 weeks. Starting amphotericin B deoxycholate at a dose of 10 mg on the first day may increase the risk of severe anemia but can lead to earlier fungal clearance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1900021195. Registered 1 February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun Tian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingmei Qin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunmei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Shide Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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Silpa-archa S, Rangseechamrat N, Sriyuttagrai W. Recalcitrant infectious uveoscleritis: A case report of a coinfection by Epstein-Barr virus and Talaromyces marneffei. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104283. [PMID: 36045833 PMCID: PMC9422309 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance In an immunocompromised patient, there has never been a report of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Talaromyces marneffei co-infection. Treatment with intravenous ganciclovir for EBV-associated uveitis has only been explored in a few cases. Case presentation A 47-year-old HIV-positive female presented with scleral nodule and vascularized iris tumor in the left eye. After the ancillary laboratory workup, EBV was detected by polymerase chain reaction on aqueous humor and scleral tissue analysis. The lesion subsided completely with systemic and local ganciclovir therapy. Subsequently, recurrent scleral nodule with iris plaque developed and was pathologically diagnosed as Talaromyces marneffei. The employed treatment, including intravenous amphotericin B and intracameral amphotericin B injection, was successful in attaining a significant regression of the lesion. Clinical discussion Although EBV treatment is debatable, our combination of systemic and local ganciclovir therapy demonstrated regression of EBV-caused scleral nodule and iris plaque. The organism's identification was complicated by Talaromyces marneffei, but it was easily treated. Conclusions In HIV-infected patients, EBV-associated sclerouveitis can be successfully treated with systemic and local ganciclovir therapy, and there is a possibility of coinfection with Talaromyces marneffei. EBV can co-exist with Talaromyces marneffei causing severe sclerouveitis. EBV-associated sclerouveitis can be successfully treated with ganciclovir therapy. Sclerouveitis in an immunocompromised patient can be disastrous due to its progressive course and visual deterioration.
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Precision Therapy for Invasive Fungal Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010018. [PMID: 35049957 PMCID: PMC8780074 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a common infection-related cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Approximately 10 million people are at risk of developing invasive aspergillosis annually. Detailed study of the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of antifungal drugs has resulted in a better understanding of optimal regimens for populations, drug exposure targets for therapeutic drug monitoring, and establishing in vitro susceptibility breakpoints. Importantly, however, each is an example of a “one size fits all strategy”, where complex systems are reduced to a singularity that ensures antifungal therapy is administered safely and effectively at the level of a population. Clearly, such a notion serves most patients adequately but is completely counter to the covenant at the centre of the clinician–patient relationship, where each patient should know whether they are well-positioned to maximally benefit from an antifungal drug. This review discusses the current therapy of fungal infections and areas of future research to maximise the effectiveness of antifungal therapy at an individual level.
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Qin N, Liang P, Wu C, Wang G, Xu Q, Xiong X, Wang T, Zolfo M, Segata N, Qin H, Knight R, Gilbert JA, Zhu TF. Longitudinal survey of microbiome associated with particulate matter in a megacity. Genome Biol 2020; 21:55. [PMID: 32127018 PMCID: PMC7055069 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the physical and chemical properties of airborne particulate matter (PM) have been extensively studied, their associated microbiome remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed a longitudinal metagenomic survey of 106 samples of airborne PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing over a period of 6 months in 2012 and 2013, including those from several historically severe smog events. RESULTS We observed that the microbiome composition and functional potential were conserved between PM2.5 and PM10, although considerable temporal variations existed. Among the airborne microorganisms, Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Lactobacillus reuteri dominated, along with several viral species. We further identified an extensive repertoire of genes involved in antibiotic resistance and detoxification, including transporters, transpeptidases, and thioredoxins. Sample stratification based on Air Quality Index (AQI) demonstrated that many microbial species, including those associated with human, dog, and mouse feces, exhibit AQI-dependent incidence dynamics. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of air microbiome is comparable to those of soil and water environments, as its composition likely derives from a wide variety of sources. CONCLUSIONS Airborne particulate matter accommodates rich and dynamic microbial communities, including a range of microbial elements that are associated with potential health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Peng Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Guanqun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | | | - Moreno Zolfo
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ting F Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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