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Biez L, Bonnin RA, Emeraud C, Birer A, Jousset AB, Naas T, Dortet L. Nationwide molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter spp. in France in 2019 and 2020. mSphere 2023; 8:e0036623. [PMID: 37815363 PMCID: PMC10732076 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00366-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The emergence of carbapenemase producers in Enterobacterales mostly involves Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae complex species. However, in France, we observed the emergence and the rapid dissemination of carbapenemase in Citrobacter spp. In this study, we demonstrated that a wide variety of carbapenemases is produced by many different species of Citrobacter spp. However, we clearly identify three high-risk clones of Citrobacter freundii, ST8, ST22, and ST91 that drive the spread of carbapenemase in France. This epidemiological study paves the way of further analysis that would aim to identify the virulence factors involved in this pellicular ability of these three clones to disseminate at the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biez
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rémy A. Bonnin
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cecile Emeraud
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélien Birer
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agnès B. Jousset
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Delroba K, Alaei M, Khalili H. Treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a guide to good clinical practice. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:287-294. [PMID: 37140271 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections necessitates the development of new treatments or the repurposing of available antibiotics. Here, treatment options for treatment of these infections, recent guidelines and evidence are reviewed. Studies that included treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacterales and nonfermenters), as well as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant bacteria, were considered. Potential agents for the treatment of these infections, considering type of microorganism, mechanism of resistant, source and severity of infection as well as pharmacotherapy considerations, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Delroba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Alaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship & Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
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Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH. Management of Highly Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in the Intensive Care Unit in the Era of Novel Antibiotics. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022; 36:791-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cross-reaction of naturally-produced β-lactamases from Citrobacter farmeri and Citrobacter amalonaticus with immunological detection of CTX-M enzymes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 104:115760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Negrete-González C, Turrubiartes-Martínez E, Briano-Macias M, Noyola D, Pérez-González LF, González-Amaro R, Niño-Moreno P. Plasmid Carrying blaCTX-M-15, blaPER-1, and blaTEM-1 Genes in Citrobacter spp. From Regional Hospital in Mexico. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 15:11786337211065750. [PMID: 35068933 PMCID: PMC8771733 DOI: 10.1177/11786337211065750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Citrobacter spp. is an opportunistic bacteria that have been recognized as significant pathogens in patients with underlying diseases or immunocompromised status. The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Citrobacter spp. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto” in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Nineteen isolates of Citrobacter spp. were obtained from clinical specimens between April to December 2015. Four isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The presence of genes encoding ESBL ( blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaVEB-1, blaSHV, and blaPER-1) was analyzed by PCR. For this purpose, plasmid DNA was extracted and horizontally transferred to recipient E. coli Top 10. Results: blaCTX-M-15 and blaVEB-1 genes were detected in Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter sedlakii, whereas blaPER-1 gene was identified in 1 isolate of Citrobacter freundii. In contrast, blaSHV gene was not detected in any isolate. One strain carried blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaVEB-1, and blaPER-1 genes, most in a 275-kb plasmid. Conclusion: This study shows the presence of different types of ESBL in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter sedlakii, which confer resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams. The plasmid identified in this study harboring ESBL genes could play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Negrete-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Edgar Turrubiartes-Martínez
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Miriam Briano-Macias
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Daniel Noyola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Perla Niño-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the Treatment of AmpC β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:2089-2114. [PMID: 34864936 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. A previous guidance document focused on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Here, guidance is provided for treating AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (AmpC-E), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. METHODS A panel of six infectious diseases specialists with expertise in managing antimicrobial-resistant infections formulated questions about the treatment of AmpC-E, CRAB, and S. maltophilia infections. Answers are presented as suggestions and corresponding rationales. In contrast to guidance in the previous document, published data on optimal treatment of AmpC-E, CRAB, and S. maltophilia infections are limited. As such, guidance in this document is provided as "suggested approaches" based on clinical experience, expert opinion, and a review of the available literature. Because of differences in the epidemiology of resistance and availability of specific anti-infectives internationally, this document focuses on the treatment of infections in the United States. RESULTS Preferred and alternative treatment suggestions are provided, assuming the causative organism has been identified and antibiotic susceptibility results are known. Approaches to empiric treatment, duration of therapy, and other management considerations are also discussed briefly. Suggestions apply for both adult and pediatric populations. CONCLUSIONS The field of antimicrobial resistance is highly dynamic. Consultation with an infectious diseases specialist is recommended for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This document is current as of September 17, 2021 and will be updated annually. The most current versions of IDSA documents, including dates of publication, are available at www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance-2.0/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita D Tamma
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel L Aitken
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Medical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology, and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy J Mathers
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cornelius J Clancy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030576. [PMID: 33799747 PMCID: PMC8001128 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. The numbers of total aerobic and fecal contamination bacteria were evaluated, and genomic features were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Enterobacteriaceae corresponded to 78.6% (n = 161) of the 205 isolates identified by 16sRNA. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia spp. (57.1%, n = 117), followed by Aeromonas spp. (16.1%, n = 33) and Klebsiella spp. (12.7%, n = 26). The remaining 29 isolates (14.1%) were distributed across 10 different genera. Among the 183 resistant genes detected, 54 isolates produced extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), of which blaCTX-M-15 was predominant (37 isolates; 68.5%). A KPC-3 carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca was identified (n = 1), with blaKPC-3 included in a transposon Tn4401 isoform b. A higher number of virulence genes (VG) (19 genes) was found in the E. coli 5301 (O25b-ST131-B2) isolate compared with a commensal E. coli 5281 (O25b-ST410-A) (six genes). Both shared five VG [Enterobactin; Aerobactin, CFA/1 (clade α); Type1 (clade γ1); Type IV]. In conclusion, this work highlights the role of relevant clinical bacteria in WWTPs, such as KPC-3-producing K. oxytoca, and, for the first time, a CTX-M-15-producing Ochromobactrum intermedium, a human opportunistic pathogen, and a SED-1-producing Citrobacter farmeri, an uncommon CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.
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Liao N, Borges CA, Rubin J, Hu Y, Ramirez HA, Chen J, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Jiang J, Riley LW. Prevalence of β-Lactam Drug-Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Contaminating Ready-to-Eat Lettuce. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:739-742. [PMID: 33112663 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four Escherichia coli isolates from 91 ready-to-eat lettuce packages, obtained from local supermarkets in Northern California, were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and screened for β-lactamase genes. We found 15 distinct sequence types (STs). Six of these genotypes (ST1198, ST2625, ST2432, ST2819, ST4600, and ST5143) have been reported as pathogens found in human samples. Twenty-six (76%) E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 17 (50%) to ampicillin/sulbactam, 8 (23%) to cefoxitin, and 7 (20%) to cefuroxime. blaCTX-M was the most prevalent β-lactamase gene, identified in eight (23%) isolates. We identified a class A broad-spectrum β-lactamase SED-1 gene, blaSED, reported by others in Citrobacter sedlakii isolated from bile of a patient. This study found that fresh lettuce carries β-lactam drug-resistant E. coli, which might serve as a reservoir for drug-resistance genes that could potentially be transmitted to pathogens that cause human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Liao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Clarissa A Borges
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Julia Rubin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yuan Hu
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hector A Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lee W Riley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Blanc DS, Poncet F, Grandbastien B, Greub G, Senn L, Nordmann P. Evaluation of the performance of rapid tests for screening carriers of acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and their impact on turnaround time. J Hosp Infect 2020; 108:19-24. [PMID: 33122041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales constitute a global burden for hospital infection, and the identification of carriers by screening patients at risk is recommended by several guidelines. AIM To evaluate the impact of rapid ESBL tests on the turnaround time (TAT) of screening. METHODS Rectal swabs were analysed by culture and synergism tests for identification of non-Esherichia coli Enterobacterales that produce ESBLs (NEcESBL-producing Enterobacterales). The Rapid ESBL NP and NG CTX-M MULTI tests were performed on colonies grown on chromogenic media. The results of polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of ESBL genes were used as the gold standard. RESULTS Among 473 analysed swabs, 75 (15.9%) grew NEcESBL-producing Enterobacterales, leading to 89 isolates. Sensitivities of the synergism, Rapid ESBL NP and NG CTX-M MULTI tests were 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.99], 0.81 (95% CI 0.69-0.89) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.80-0.96), respectively. Specificities were 0.92 (95% CI 0.73-0.99), 0.85 (95% CI 0.64-0.95) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.78-1.00), respectively. Considering the 473 rectal swabs, ESBL screening using the synergism, Rapid ESBL NP and NG CTX-M MULTI tests was calculated. Sensitivities were 0.96 (95% CI 0.86-0.99), 0.81 (95% CI 0.68-0.90) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.79-0.97); specificities were 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.00); positive predictive values were 0.96 (95% CI 0.86-0.99), 0.94 (95% CI 0.81-0.98) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.91-1.00); and negative predictive values were 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-1.00), respectively. When no NEcESBL-producing Enterobacterales were observed, the mean TAT was 30 h. When NEcESBL-producing Enterobacterales were identified, the mean TATs were 74.7, 38.0 and 36.7 h for the synergism, Rapid ESBL NP and NG CTX-M MULTI tests, respectively. CONCLUSION The two rapid ESBL tests showed good performance and allowed a reduction in TAT for screening protocols to identify patients carrying ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Blanc
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Centre for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - F Poncet
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Centre for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - B Grandbastien
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology of Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Senn
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Nordmann
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology of Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Citrobacter telavivum sp. nov. with chromosomal mcr-9 from hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:123-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Faccone D, Albornoz E, Tijet N, Biondi E, Gomez S, Pasterán F, Vazquez M, Melano RG, Corso A. Characterization of a multidrug resistant Citrobacter amalonaticus clinical isolate harboring blaNDM-1 and mcr-1.5 genes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 67:51-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhuang W, Liu H, Li J, Chen L, Wang G. Regulation of Class A β-Lactamase CzoA by CzoR and IscR in Comamonas testosteroni S44. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2573. [PMID: 29312251 PMCID: PMC5744064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A genomic analysis of Comamonas testosteroni S44 revealed a gene that encodes a LysR family transcriptional regulator (here named czoR, czo for cefazolin) located upstream of a putative class A β-lactamase encoding gene (here named czoA). A putative DNA-binding motif of the Fe-S cluster assembly regulator IscR was identified in the czoR-czoA intergenic region. Real-time RT-PCR and lacZ fusion expression assays indicated that transcription of czoA and czoR were induced by multiple β-lactams. CzoA expressed in Escherichia coli was shown to contribute to susceptibility to a wide range of β-lactams judged from minimum inhibitory concentrations. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that CzoA hydrolyzed seven β-lactams, including benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Deletion of either iscR or czoR increased susceptibility to cefalexin and cefazolin, while complemented strains restored their wild-type susceptibility levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that CzoR and IscR bind to different sites of the czoR-czoA intergenic region. Precise CzoR- and IscR-binding sites were confirmed via DNase I footprinting or short fragment EMSA. When cefalexin or cefazolin was added to cultures, czoR deletion completely inhibited czoA expression but did not affect iscR transcription, while iscR deletion decreased the expressions of both czoR and czoA. These results reveal that CzoR positively affects the expression of czoA with its own expression upregulated by IscR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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A Structure-Based Classification of Class A β-Lactamases, a Broadly Diverse Family of Enzymes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:29-57. [PMID: 26511485 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. Rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. This is particularly true for data concerning class A β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. Many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. We analyzed several hundred amino acid sequences of class A β-lactamase enzymes for phylogenic relationships, the presence of specific residues, and cluster patterns. A clear distinction was first made between dd-peptidases and class A enzymes based on a small number of residues (S70, K73, P107, 130SDN132, G144, E166, 234K/R, 235T/S, and 236G [Ambler numbering]). Other residues clearly separated two main branches, which we named subclasses A1 and A2. Various clusters were identified on the major branch (subclass A1) on the basis of signature residues associated with catalytic properties (e.g., limited-spectrum β-lactamases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and carbapenemases). For subclass A2 enzymes (e.g., CfxA, CIA-1, CME-1, PER-1, and VEB-1), 43 conserved residues were characterized, and several significant insertions were detected. This diversity in the amino acid sequences of β-lactamases must be taken into account to ensure that new enzymes are accurately identified. However, with the exception of PER types, this diversity is poorly represented in existing X-ray crystallographic data.
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blaNDM-1-positive Citrobacter sedlakii: emergence after horizontal gene transfer from Klebsiella pneumoniae in the human intestinal tract. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:411-3. [PMID: 27112795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Komine M, Massa A, Moon L, Mullaney T. Citrobacter koseri septicaemia in a holstein calf. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:309-13. [PMID: 25242308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 4-day-old male Holstein calf with dull mentation, nystagmus and blindness was humanely destroyed and subject to necropsy examination. Gross lesions included severe suppurative meningitis characterized by diffuse cloudy thickening of the meninges, bilateral hypopyon and fibrinosuppurative polyarthritis affecting the hocks. Citrobacter koseri was isolated from the meninges, ocular fluid, synovial fluid, spleen and small intestine. Microscopically, there was neutrophilic and histiocytic meningitis with intralesional bacilli, endophthalmitis, neutrophilic splenitis and multiple renal microabscesses. Failure of passive transfer of colostrum was confirmed. This appears to be the first characterization of septicaemia in a calf caused by C. koseri, with lesions comparable with those described in human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - A Massa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L Moon
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - T Mullaney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
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De Maayer P, Chan WY, Rubagotti E, Venter SN, Toth IK, Birch PRJ, Coutinho TA. Analysis of the Pantoea ananatis pan-genome reveals factors underlying its ability to colonize and interact with plant, insect and vertebrate hosts. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:404. [PMID: 24884520 PMCID: PMC4070556 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pantoea ananatis is found in a wide range of natural environments, including water, soil, as part of the epi- and endophytic flora of various plant hosts, and in the insect gut. Some strains have proven effective as biological control agents and plant-growth promoters, while other strains have been implicated in diseases of a broad range of plant hosts and humans. By analysing the pan-genome of eight sequenced P. ananatis strains isolated from different sources we identified factors potentially underlying its ability to colonize and interact with hosts in both the plant and animal Kingdoms. Results The pan-genome of the eight compared P. ananatis strains consisted of a core genome comprised of 3,876 protein coding sequences (CDSs) and a sizeable accessory genome consisting of 1,690 CDSs. We estimate that ~106 unique CDSs would be added to the pan-genome with each additional P. ananatis genome sequenced in the future. The accessory fraction is derived mainly from integrated prophages and codes mostly for proteins of unknown function. Comparison of the translated CDSs on the P. ananatis pan-genome with the proteins encoded on all sequenced bacterial genomes currently available revealed that P. ananatis carries a number of CDSs with orthologs restricted to bacteria associated with distinct hosts, namely plant-, animal- and insect-associated bacteria. These CDSs encode proteins with putative roles in transport and metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acid substrates, adherence to host tissues, protection against plant and animal defense mechanisms and the biosynthesis of potential pathogenicity determinants including insecticidal peptides, phytotoxins and type VI secretion system effectors. Conclusions P. ananatis has an ‘open’ pan-genome typical of bacterial species that colonize several different environments. The pan-genome incorporates a large number of genes encoding proteins that may enable P. ananatis to colonize, persist in and potentially cause disease symptoms in a wide range of plant and animal hosts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-404) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Maayer
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Substrate spectrum extension of PenA in Burkholderia thailandensis with a single amino acid deletion, Glu168del. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:4005-8. [PMID: 22564834 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00598-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a deletion mutation in a class A β-lactamase, PenA, of Burkholderia thailandensis that extended the substrate spectrum of the enzyme to include ceftazidime. Glu168del was located in a functional domain called the omega loop causing expansion of the space in the loop, which in turn increased flexibility at the active site. This deletion mutation represents a rare but significant alternative mechanical path to substrate spectrum extension in PenA besides more common substitution mutations.
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New mutations in the mycobacterial ATP synthase: new insights into the binding of the diarylquinoline TMC207 to the ATP synthase C-ring structure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2326-34. [PMID: 22354303 DOI: 10.1128/aac.06154-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TMC207 is a new antituberculous drug belonging to the diarylquinoline class which very efficiently inhibits the ATP synthase of mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the most important pathogens in the world. In order to map the amino acid residues involved in the binding of the drug, we have selected in vitro TMC207-resistant mutants from M. tuberculosis and diverse atypical mycobacteria. Six distinct mutations, Asp28 → Gly, Asp28 → Ala, Leu59 → Val, Glu61 → Asp, Ala63 → Pro, and Ile66 → Met, have been identified in the subunit c forming a C ring in the ATP synthase. They were studied by evaluating the levels of resistance that they confer in the selected clones and by using an isogenic complementation system in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The rates of increase of TMC207 MIC values (8- to 133-fold) were interpreted by constructing by homology modeling a structure of the mycobacterial C ring which was used for docking simulations with TMC207. Our results suggest that the residues found to be mutated in the resistant clones, together with a tyrosine specifically conserved at position 64 in mycobacteria, define a cleft located between two adjacent c subunits in the C ring. This cleft, which encompasses the proton-binding site (Glu61), is well fitted to bind TMC207 at the level of the bromoquinoline moiety, with the drug being anchored by several ionic, hydrogen, and halogen bonds with residues Glu61, Tyr64, and Asp28, respectively. These data shed light on the molecular interactions allowing TMC207 to bind specifically and efficiently at the level of the proton-binding site of the mycobacterial C ring.
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[Enterobacteriaceae and beta-lactams : wild susceptibility patterns]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:112-26. [PMID: 22280847 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four susceptibility patterns of wild types of enterobacteria against old beta-lactams including aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins and first-generation cephalosporins were individualized during the 1980s : susceptible, penicillinase low level, cephalosporinase and a combination of penicillinase and cephalosporinase. Such indirect detection of a mechanism of resistance allowed an interpretative reading for this class of antibiotics. At the present time, seven susceptibility patterns were proposed for this family of gram negative bacilli. Nevertheless, an analysis of results in terms of MICs and diameters of inhibition zone sizes of the main bacterial species of enterobacteria, mainly obtained from the databank of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), compared to that observed when overproducing strains were isolated in vivo and in vitro and to the type of beta-lactamase identified and their amino acid sequences conducted to a proposal of five susceptibility patterns. The fifth wild type individualized in several enterobacteria since 2005 is related to the synthesis of various chromosomal extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) which hydrolyze many beta-lactams including oxyimino-cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Their expression in a wild strain is characteristic and conducted to our interest for their role as progenitors of the transferable CTM-M types. Otherwise, a medical biologist must consider the possibility of selection of a mutant with a chromosomal overproduced beta-lactamase. But within the same beta-lactam susceptibility pattern such as for Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca or Citrobacter amalonaticus, the spectrum of inactivation will be highly variable according to the type of enzyme overproduced. Finally, a nice synergy observed between clavulanic acid and cefotaxime or ceftriaxone or even aztreonam does not mean anytime a transferable ESBL. In some cases according to the result of enterobacterial identification, the epidemiological impact will be very low, because without multidrug resistance (MDR).
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Belzer C, Liu Q, Carroll MC, Bry L. THE ROLE OF SPECIFIC IgG AND COMPLEMENT IN COMBATING A PRIMARY MUCOSAL INFECTION OF THE GUT EPITHELIUM. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2011; 1:311-318. [PMID: 22485193 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.1.2011.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of complement and complement-fixing IgG isotypes at mucosal surfaces is ill defined. Previous data have demonstrated that survival of an infection with the attaching and effacing pathogen Citrobacter rodentium requires production of systemic and CD4+ T cell-dependent IgG. We have found that both complement and complement-fixing IgG isotypes are needed to survive a C. rodentium infection. Our results indicate that both IgG and complement C3b enter the gut lumen and bind epithelially adherent, and fecally shed C. rodentium. Furthermore, C3-deficient mice demonstrate a profound survival defect, though means to replenish C3 in systemic or mucosal sites restores the protective capacity of complement in the host. Our data provide evidence that both IgG and complement interact constructively on both sides of the epithelium to fight colonizing mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belzer
- Department of Pathology, Harvard University Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kang HM, Chung EJ. Late-onset Citrobacter koseri endophthalmitis with suture exposure after secondary intraocular lens implantation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2011; 25:285-8. [PMID: 21860579 PMCID: PMC3149143 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2011.25.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old male patient was seen in clinic for ocular pain and decreased vision in the right eye with duration of two days. He underwent a cataract operation for his right eye 12 years ago, then a sclera-fixated secondary intraocular implantation and pars plana vitrectomy three years ago due to intraocular lens dislocation. At the initial visit, his visual acuity was restricted to the perception of hand motion. An edematous cornea, cells, flare with hypopyon, and exposed suture material at were observed at the six o'clock direction by slit lamp. Vitreous opacity was noted from B-scan ultrasonography. The patient was diagnosed with late-onset endophthalmitis and an intravitreal cocktail injection was done. On the next day, the hypopyon was aggravated, and therefore a pars plana vitrectomy was performed. A vitreous culture tested positive for Citrobacter koseri. After 12 weeks, the best corrected visual acuity of the right eye improved to 0.7 and a fundus examination revealed a relatively normal optic disc and retinal vasculature. We herein report the first case of endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter koseri in Korea. Exposed suture material was suspected as the source of infection in this case and prompt surgical intervention resulted in a relatively good visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Min Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:45-51. [PMID: 19884377 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00427-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as CDC group Ve-1 and named Chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. A novel beta-lactamase gene, bla(LUT-1), was cloned from the whole-cell DNA of the P. luteola clinical isolate LAM, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene encoded LUT-1, a 296-amino-acid Ambler class A beta-lactamase with a pI of 6 and a theoretical molecular mass of 28.9 kDa. The catalytic efficiency of this enzyme was higher for cephalothin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime than for penicillins. It was found to be 49% to 59% identical to other Ambler class A beta-lactamases from Burkholderia sp. (PenA to PenL), Ralstonia eutropha (REUT), Citrobacter sedlakii (SED-1), Serratia fonticola (FONA and SFC-1), Klebsiella sp. (KPC and OXY), and CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. No gene homologous to the regulatory ampR genes of class A beta-lactamases was found in the vicinity of the bla(LUT-1) gene. The entire bla(LUT-1) coding region was amplified by PCR and sequenced in five other genetically unrelated P. luteola strains (including the P. luteola type strain). A new variant of bla(LUT-1) was found for each strain. These genes (named bla(LUT-2) to bla(LUT-6)) had nucleotide sequences 98.1 to 99.5% identical to that of bla(LUT-1) and differing from this gene by two to four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. The bla(LUT) gene was located on a 700- to 800-kb chromosomal I-CeuI fragment, the precise size of this fragment depending on the P. luteola strain.
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Chen KJ, Sun MH, Hwang YS, Chen TL, Lai CC, Chen YP. Endophthalmitis Caused byCitrobacterSpecies. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009; 16:147-53. [DOI: 10.1080/09273940802184190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARY AmpC beta-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and beta-lactamase inhibitor-beta-lactam combinations. In many bacteria, AmpC enzymes are inducible and can be expressed at high levels by mutation. Overexpression confers resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone and is a problem especially in infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae, where an isolate initially susceptible to these agents may become resistant upon therapy. Transmissible plasmids have acquired genes for AmpC enzymes, which consequently can now appear in bacteria lacking or poorly expressing a chromosomal bla(AmpC) gene, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Resistance due to plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes is less common than extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in most parts of the world but may be both harder to detect and broader in spectrum. AmpC enzymes encoded by both chromosomal and plasmid genes are also evolving to hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins more efficiently. Techniques to identify AmpC beta-lactamase-producing isolates are available but are still evolving and are not yet optimized for the clinical laboratory, which probably now underestimates this resistance mechanism. Carbapenems can usually be used to treat infections due to AmpC-producing bacteria, but carbapenem resistance can arise in some organisms by mutations that reduce influx (outer membrane porin loss) or enhance efflux (efflux pump activation).
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Monstein HJ, Tärnberg M, Nilsson LE. Molecular identification of CTX-M and blaOXY/K1 beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae by sequencing of universal M13-sequence tagged PCR-amplicons. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:7. [PMID: 19161622 PMCID: PMC2651175 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmid encoded blaCTX-M enzymes represent an important sub-group of class A β-lactamases causing the ESBL phenotype which is increasingly found in Enterobacteriaceae including Klebsiella spp. Molecular typing of clinical ESBL-isolates has become more and more important for prevention of the dissemination of ESBL-producers among nosocomial environment. Methods Multiple displacement amplified DNA derived from 20 K. pneumoniae and 34 K. oxytoca clinical isolates with an ESBL-phenotype was used in a universal CTX-M PCR amplification assay. Identification and differentiation of blaCTX-M and blaOXY/K1 sequences was obtained by DNA sequencing of M13-sequence-tagged CTX-M PCR-amplicons using a M13-specific sequencing primer. Results Nine out of 20 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates had a blaCTX-M genotype. Interestingly, we found that the universal degenerated primers also amplified the chromosomally located K1-gene in all 34 K. oxytoca clinical isolates. Molecular identification and differentiation between blaCTX-M and blaOXY/K1-genes could only been achieved by sequencing of the PCR-amplicons. In silico analysis revealed that the universal degenerated CTX-M primer-pair used here might also amplify the chromosomally located blaOXY and K1-genes in Klebsiella spp. and K1-like genes in other Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion The PCR-based molecular typing method described here enables a rapid and reliable molecular identification of blaCTX-M, and blaOXY/K1-genes. The principles used in this study could also be applied to any situation in which antimicrobial resistance genes would need to be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürg Monstein
- Clinical Microbiology-LMC, University Hospital S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are usually plasmid-mediated enzymes that confer resistance to a broad range of beta-lactams. Initially, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative rods was mainly due to the dissemination of TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs, which are point mutants of the classic TEM and SHV enzymes with extended substrate specificity. During the last ten years, CTX-M-type ESBLs have become increasingly predominant, but less frequent class A beta-lactamases have also been described, including SFO, BES, BEL, TLA, GES, PER and VEB types. While several of these latter are rarely identified, or are very localised, others are becoming locally prevalent, or are increasingly isolated worldwide. In addition, mutations can extend the spectrum of some OXA-type beta-lactamases to include expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and several of these enzymes are considered to be ESBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naas
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris XI, 94275 K.-Bicêtre, France.
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Characteristics of beta-lactamases and their genes (blaA and blaB) in Yersinia intermedia and Y. frederiksenii. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:25. [PMID: 17407578 PMCID: PMC1853101 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of β-lactamases in Y. enterocolitica has been reported to vary with serovars, biovars and geographical origin of the isolates. An understanding of the β-lactamases in other related species is important for an overall perception of antibiotic resistance in yersiniae. The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of β-lactamases and their genes in strains of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii, isolated from clinical and non-clinical sources in India. Results The enzymes, Bla-A (a constitutive class A penicillinase) and Bla-B (an inducible class C cephalosporinase) were found to be present in all the clinical and non-clinical strains of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii by double disc diffusion method. The results showed differential expression of Bla-A as indicated by presence/absence of synergy whereas expression of Bla-B was quite consistent. The presence of these enzymes was also reflected in the high minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC50 (126–1024 mg/L) and MIC90 (256–1024 mg/L) of β-lactam antibiotics against these species. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed heterogeneity in both blaA and blaB genes of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii. The blaA gene of Y. intermedia shared significant sequence identity (87–96%) with blaA of Y. enterocolitica biovars 1A, 1B and 4. The sequence identity of blaA of Y. frederiksenii with these biovars was 77–79%. The sequence identity of blaB gene of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii was more (85%) with that of Y. enterocolitica biovars 1A, 1B and 2 compared to other species viz., Y. bercovieri, Y. aldovae and Y. ruckeri. Isoelectric focusing data further revealed that both Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii produced Bla-A (pI 8.7) and "Bla-B like" (pI 5.5–7.1) enzymes. Conclusion Both Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii showed presence of blaA and blaB genes and unequivocal expression of the two β-lactamases. Limited heterogeneity was detected in blaA and blaB genes as judged by PCR-RFLP. Phylogenetic relationships showed that the two species shared a high degree of identity in their bla genes. This is the first study reporting characteristics of β-lactamases and their genes in strains of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii isolated from Asian region.
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Naas T, Aubert D, Ozcan A, Nordmann P. Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1365-72. [PMID: 17242148 PMCID: PMC1855525 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01152-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from the whole-cell DNA of an enterobacterial Citrobacter gillenii reference strain that displayed a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype and was expressed in Escherichia coli. It encoded a clavulanic acid-inhibited Ambler class A beta-lactamase, GIL-1, with a pI value of 7.5 and a molecular mass of ca. 29 kDa. GIL-1 had the highest percent amino acid sequence identity with TEM-1 and SHV-1, 77%, and 67%, respectively, and only 46%, 31%, and 32% amino acid sequence identity with CKO-1 (C. koseri), CdiA1 (C. diversus), and SED-1 (C. sedlaki), respectively. The substrate profile of the purified GIL-1 was similar to that of beta-lactamases TEM-1 and SHV-1. The blaGIL-1 gene was chromosomally located, as revealed by I-CeuI experiments, and was constitutively expressed at a low level in C. gillenii. No gene homologous to the regulatory ampR genes of chromosomal class C beta-lactamases was found upstream of the blaGIL-1 gene, which fits the noninducibility of beta-lactamase expression in C. gillenii. Rapid amplification of DNA 5' ends analysis of the promoter region revealed putative promoter sequences that diverge from what has been identified as the consensus sequence in E. coli. The blaGIL-1 gene was part of a 5.5-kb DNA fragment bracketed by a 9-bp duplication and inserted between the d-lactate dehydrogenase gene and the ydbH genes; this DNA fragment was absent in other Citrobacter species. This work further illustrates the heterogeneity of beta-lactamases in Citrobacter spp., which may indicate that the variability of Citrobacter species is greater than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Naas
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cédex, France.
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Meyer MM, Hochrein L, Arnold FH. Structure-guided SCHEMA recombination of distantly related β-lactamases. Protein Eng Des Sel 2006; 19:563-70. [PMID: 17090554 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzl045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a library of beta-lactamases by recombining three naturally occurring homologs (TEM-1, PSE-4, SED-1) that share 34-42% sequence identity. Most chimeras created by recombining such distantly related proteins are unfolded due to unfavorable side-chain interactions that destabilize the folded structure. To enhance the fraction of properly folded chimeras, we designed the library using SCHEMA, a structure-guided approach to choosing the least disruptive crossover locations. Recombination at seven selected crossover positions generated 6561 chimeric sequences that differ from their closest parent at an average of 66 positions. Of 553 unique characterized chimeras, 111 (20%) retained beta-lactamase activity; the library contains hundreds more novel beta-lactamases. The functional chimeras share as little as 70% sequence identity with any known sequence and are characterized by low SCHEMA disruption (E) compared to the average nonfunctional chimera. Furthermore, many nonfunctional chimeras with low E are readily rescued by low error-rate random mutagenesis or by the introduction of a known stabilizing mutation (TEM-1 M182T). These results show that structure-guided recombination effectively generates a family of diverse, folded proteins even when the parents exhibit only 34% sequence identity. Furthermore, the fraction of sequences that encode folded and functional proteins can be enhanced by utilizing previously stabilized parental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Meyer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, California Institute of Technology Mail Code 210-21, California Institute of Technology Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Sauvage E, Fonzé E, Quinting B, Galleni M, Frère JM, Charlier P. Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium fortuitum class A beta-lactamase: structural basis for broad substrate specificity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2516-21. [PMID: 16801434 PMCID: PMC1489783 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01226-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-Lactamases are the main cause of bacterial resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. Class A beta-lactamases, the largest group of beta-lactamases, have been found in many bacterial strains, including mycobacteria, for which no beta-lactamase structure has been previously reported. The crystal structure of the class A beta-lactamase from Mycobacterium fortuitum (MFO) has been solved at 2.13-A resolution. The enzyme is a chromosomally encoded broad-spectrum beta-lactamase with low specific activity on cefotaxime. Specific features of the active site of the class A beta-lactamase from M. fortuitum are consistent with its specificity profile. Arg278 and Ser237 favor cephalosporinase activity and could explain its broad substrate activity. The MFO active site presents similarities with the CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases but lacks a specific feature of these enzymes, the VNYN motif (residues 103 to 106), which confers on CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases a more efficient cefotaximase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sauvage
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Institut de Physique B5, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Sharma S, Mittal S, Mallik S, Virdi JS. Molecular characterization of beta-lactamase genes blaA and blaB of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 257:319-27. [PMID: 16553870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-lactamase genes blaA and blaB were detected by PCR amplification in strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A isolated from India, Germany, France and the USA. Both genes were detected in all strains. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed genetic heterogeneity in blaA but not in blaB. Cluster analysis of blaA restriction profiles grouped the strains into three groups. The blaA gene of Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A showed a high degree of sequence homology to that of Y. enterocolitica 8081 (biovar 1B) and Y. enterocolitica Y-56 (biovar 4), whereas homology was low with class A beta-lactamase genes of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The pI 8.7 of enzyme Bla-A of Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A was similar to that of biovars 2, 3 and 4. The enzyme Bla-B focused at 6.8 and 7.1, indicating that biovar 1A strains produced a 'B-like' enzyme. This is the first study to have investigated the genetic heterogeneity of the beta-lactamase genes of Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Petrella S, Renard M, Ziental-Gelus N, Clermont D, Jarlier V, Sougakoff W. Characterization of the chromosomal class A β-lactamase CKO fromCitrobacter koseri. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 254:285-92. [PMID: 16445758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene bla(CKO) encoding the chromosomal class A beta-lactamase of Citrobacter koseri was cloned and sequenced. CKO was found to display only 41% identity with SED-1 from Citrobacter sedlakii and 36% with CdiA from Citrobacter amalonaticus (formerly Citrobacter diversus). No transcriptional regulator was found upstream from bla(CKO). Silent and missense mutations were detected in four bla(CKO) genes amplified from different C. koseri clinical isolates, but the CKO variants displayed identical biochemical behaviours. A bla(CKO)-specific polymerase chain reaction confirmed that bla(CKO) is present only in C. koseri and therefore represents an interesting tool with which to differentiate C. koseri from the other Citrobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Petrella
- Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques, Faculté de médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Decré D, Burghoffer B, Gautier V, Petit JC, Arlet G. Outbreak of multi-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca involving strains with extended-spectrum β-lactamases and strains with extended-spectrum activity of the chromosomal β-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54:881-8. [PMID: 15472005 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to analyse broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strains. METHODS The 57 isolates studied were recovered from clinical specimens (n=23) or from rectal swabs (n=34) during a 26-month period. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using standard agar diffusion and dilution methods including the synergy test between extended-spectrum cephalosporins and clavulanic acid. ERIC-2 PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methods were used to study the clonal relatedness of the strains. Plasmid-mediated and chromosomal beta-lactamases were characterized by mating and specific bla gene amplification and sequencing. RESULTS Four different antibiotic resistance patterns were identified whereas ERIC-2 PCR and PFGE revealed six main profiles. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were found in 32 strains: TEM-7 (n=26), TEM-129 (n=1), TEM-3 (n=4), SHV-2 (n=1). The new TEM-type beta-lactamase, TEM-129, differed from TEM-7 by one mutation (Glu-104-->Lys). All TEM-7 or TEM-129 producers were genetically related. Twenty-five other strains with identical ERIC-2 PCR and PFGE profiles harboured a bla(OXY-2) gene different from the reference gene: 24 strains displayed one substitution (Ala-237-->Ser) in the KTG motif and one strain, highly resistant to ceftazidime, showed an additional substitution (Pro-167-->Ser). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the majority of strains (n=52) harbouring the OXY-2-type beta-lactamase corresponded to two clones. The first clone (n=27) corresponded to ESBL-producing strains. The second clone (n=25) displayed extended-spectrum activity of the chromosomal beta-lactamase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Decré
- UPRES n EA2392, Faculté de Médecine, UFR Saint-Antoine, Université Paris 6.
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Weng SF, Lin JW, Chen CH, Chen YY, Tseng YH, Tseng YH. Constitutive expression of a chromosomal class A (BJM group 2) beta-lactamase in Xanthomonas campestris. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:209-15. [PMID: 14693541 PMCID: PMC310161 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.1.209-215.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the upstream region of the beta-lactamase gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 11 (bla(XCC-1)) revealed the cognate ampR1 gene (289 amino acids, 31 kDa). It runs divergently from bla(XCC-1) with a 100-bp intergenic region (IG) containing partially overlapped promoters with structural features typical of the bla-ampR IG. The deduced AmpR1 protein shows significant identity in amino acid sequence and conserved motifs with AmpR proteins of other species, e.g., of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58.2% amino acid identity). Results of insertional mutation, complementation tests, and beta-lactamase assays suggested that expression of bla(XCC-1) was constitutive and dependent on AmpR1. Four bla genes and two ampR genes are present in the fully sequenced X. campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913 genome, with XCC3039 and XCC3040 considered the analogues of bla(XCC-1) and ampR1, respectively. An ampR1 homologue was detected by Southern hybridization in the ampicillin-resistant Xanthomonas strains, which appear to express beta-lactamase constitutively. Although the significance remains to be studied, constitutive expression of beta-lactamase by a widespread bacterial genus raises environmental concerns regarding the dissemination of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Weng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Walckenaer E, Poirel L, Leflon-Guibout V, Nordmann P, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the chromosomal class A beta-lactamases of Raoultella (formerly Klebsiella) planticola and Raoultella ornithinolytica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:305-12. [PMID: 14693555 PMCID: PMC310189 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.1.305-312.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacterial strains of Raoultella spp. display a penicillinase-related beta-lactam resistance pattern suggesting the presence of a chromosomal bla gene. From whole-cell DNA of Raoultella planticola strain ATCC 33531(T) and Raoultella ornithinolytica strain ATCC 31898(T), bla genes were cloned and expressed into Escherichia coli. Each gene encoded an Ambler class A beta-lactamase, named PLA-1 and ORN-1 for R. planticola and R. ornithinolytica, respectively. These beta-lactamases (291 amino acids), with the same pI value of 7.8, had a shared amino acid identity of 94%, 37 to 47% identity with the majority of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamases previously described for Enterobacteriaceae, and 66 to 69% identity with the two beta-lactamases LEN-1 and SHV-1 from Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the highest identity percentage (69 to 71%) was found with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase TEM-1. PLA-1, which displayed very strong hydrolytic activity against penicillins, also displayed significant hydrolytic activity against cefepime and, to a lesser extent, against cefotaxime and aztreonam, but there was no hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime. Such a substrate profile suggests that the Raoultella beta-lactamases PLA-1 and ORN-1 should be classified into the group 2be of the beta-lactamase classification of K. Bush, G. A. Jacoby, and A. A. Medeiros (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1211-1233, 1995). The highly homologous regions upstream of the bla(PLA-1A) and bla(ORN-1A) genes comprised a nucleotide sequence identical to the -35 region and another one very close to the -10 region of the bla(LEN-1) gene. From now on, as the bla gene sequences of the most frequent Raoultella and Klebsiella species are available, the bla gene amplification method can be used to differentiate these species from each other, which the biochemical tests currently carried out in the clinical laboratory are unable to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Walckenaer
- Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, UFR Médicale Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
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Edelstein M, Pimkin M, Palagin I, Edelstein I, Stratchounski L. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Russian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 47:3724-32. [PMID: 14638473 PMCID: PMC296190 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.12.3724-3732.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 904 consecutive nosocomial isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from 28 Russian hospitals were screened for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The ESBL phenotype was detected in 78 (15.8%) E. coli and 248 (60.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates. One hundred fifteen isolates carried the genes for CTX-M-type beta-lactamases, which, as shown by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were distributed into the two genetic groups of CTX-M-1 (93%)- and CTX-M-2 (7%)-related enzymes. Isolates producing the enzymes of the first group were found in 20 hospitals from geographically distant regions of the country and were characterized by considerable diversity of genetic types, as was demonstrated by enterobacterial repetitive consensus PCR typing. Within this group the CTX-M-3 and the CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases were identified. In contrast, the enzymes of the CTX-M-2 group (namely, CTX-M-5) were detected only in eight clonally related E. coli isolates from a single hospital. Notably, the levels of resistance to ceftazidime were remarkably variable among the CTX-M producers. This study provides further evidence of the global dissemination of CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasizes the need for their epidemiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Edelstein
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical Academy, Smolensk 214019, Russia.
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Beauchef-Havard A, Arlet G, Gautier V, Labia R, Grimont P, Philippon A. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel class A beta-lactamase (HER-1) from Escherichia hermannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:2669-73. [PMID: 12878539 PMCID: PMC166072 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.8.2669-2673.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia hermannii showed a low level of resistance to amoxicillin and ticarcillin, reversed by clavulanate, and a moderate susceptibility to piperacillin but was susceptible to all cephalosporins. A bla gene was cloned and encoded a typical class A beta-lactamase (HER-1, pI 7.5), which shares 45, 44, 41, and 40% amino acid identity with other beta-lactamases, AER-1 from Aeromonas hydrophila, MAL-1/Cko-1 from Citrobacter koseri, and TEM-1 and LEN-1, respectively. No ampR gene was detected. Only penicillins were efficiently hydrolyzed, and no hydrolysis was observed for cefuroxime and broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Sequencing of the bla gene in 12 other strains showed 98 to 100% identity with bla(HER-1).
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Morin AS, Poirel L, Mory F, Labia R, Nordmann P. Biochemical-genetic analysis and distribution of DES-1, an Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3215-22. [PMID: 12234847 PMCID: PMC128801 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.10.3215-3222.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Desulfovibrio spp. are gram-negative anaerobes phylogenetically related to Bacteroides spp., which are rarely isolated and which are mostly isolated from intra-abdominal abscesses. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans clinical isolate D3 had a clavulanic acid-inhibited beta-lactam resistance profile and was resistant to some expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. A beta-lactamase gene, bla(DES-1), was cloned from whole-cell DNA of isolate D3 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified beta-lactamase DES-1, with a pI value of 9.1, had a relative molecular mass of ca. 31 kDa and a mature protein of 288 amino acids. DES-1 was distantly related to Ambler class A beta-lactamases and most closely related to PenA from Burkholderia pseudomallei (48% amino acid identity). It was weakly related to class A beta-lactamases CblA, CepA, CfxA, and CfxA2 from other anaerobic species, Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella intermedia. Its hydrolysis spectrum included amino- and ureidopenicillins, narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone. bla(DES-1)-like genes were not identified in phylogenetically related Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis isolates. However, they were found in some but not all D. desulfuricans strains, thus suggesting that these genes may be present in a given D. desulfuricans subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Morin
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Naas T, Aubert D, Fortineau N, Nordmann P. Cloning and sequencing of the beta-lactamase gene and surrounding DNA sequences of Citrobacter braakii, Citrobacter murliniae, Citrobacter werkmanii, Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter cancerogenus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 215:81-7. [PMID: 12393205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To further identify the origins of plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases that are currently spreading worldwide, the chromosomal beta-lactamase genes of Citrobacter braakii, Citrobacter murliniae, Citrobacter werkmanii reference strains and of Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter cancerogenus clinical isolates were cloned and expressed into Escherichia coli and sequenced. These beta-lactamases had all a single pI value >8 and conferred a typical AmpC-type resistance pattern in E. coli recombinant strains. The cloned inserts obtained from genomic DNAs of each strain encoded Ambler class C beta-lactamases. The AmpC-type enzymes of C. murliniae, C. braakii and C. werkmanii shared 99%, 96% and 95% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases from Citrobacter freundii. The AmpC-type enzyme of E. cancerogenus shared 85% amino acid sequence identity with the chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae OUDhyp and the AmpC-type enzyme of E. fergusonii shared 96% amino acid sequence identity with that of E. coli K12. The ampC genes, except for E. fergusonii, were associated with genes homologous to regulatory ampR genes of other chromosomal class C beta-lactamases that explain inducibility of beta-lactamase expression in these strains. This work provides further evidence of the molecular heterogeneity of class C beta-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Naas
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France.
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Humeniuk C, Arlet G, Gautier V, Grimont P, Labia R, Philippon A. Beta-lactamases of Kluyvera ascorbata, probable progenitors of some plasmid-encoded CTX-M types. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3045-9. [PMID: 12183268 PMCID: PMC127423 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.9.3045-3049.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kluyvera ascorbata produces a beta-lactamase that results in an atypical susceptibility pattern, including low-level resistance to penicillins, cephalothin, and cefuroxime, but this resistance is reversed by clavulanate. Ten nucleotide sequences of the corresponding gene, bla(KLUA), were obtained and were found to have minor variations (96 to 100%). Otherwise, bla(KLUA) was found to be similar (95 to 100%) to some plasmid-encoded CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. Finally, mobilization of bla(KLUA) on a plasmid was found to be mediated probably by a genetic mobile element like ISEcp1.
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