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Alobaidy HAK, Ayvaz A, Sağiroğlu P, Atalay MA. Diagnosis of Campylobacter spp. Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:1000-1008. [PMID: 39282160 PMCID: PMC11399354 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular characterization of quinolone resistance Campylobacter isolates in patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter spp. isolated from 35.33% of the total samples, most of which were from male patients aged 3 months to 10 years. Identifying isolates at the species level made in MALDI-TOF MS, 82.4% were C. jejuni, and 17.6% were C. coli. Respectively 94% (47/50), 58% (29/50), and 2% (1/50) resistance rates were determined for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. While C. jejuni isolates were more resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline than C. coli, they showed no resistance to erythromycin. Quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) were evaluated by mismatch amplification mutation test and all quinolone resistant strains gave positive results. One of the seven silent mutations identified was specific to this study, and two other novel mutations were also identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01199-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdurrahman Ayvaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pınar Sağiroğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kayman T, Abay S, Aydin F, Şahin O. Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from humans with diarrhoea in Turkey. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:136-142. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Kayman
- 1University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seçil Abay
- 2Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- 2Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Orhan Şahin
- 3Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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Shabbir MA, Wu Q, Shabbir MZ, Sajid A, Ahmed S, Sattar A, Tang Y, Li J, Maan MK, Hao H, Yuan Z. The CRISPR-cas system promotes antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1757-1774. [PMID: 30526040 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of current study is to find out relationship between cas9 gene and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168. MATERIALS & METHODS The involvement of the cas9 gene in antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni was determined by assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-cas gene expression in standard strains, in vitro resistance development and transcriptome analysis of a cas9 deletion mutant and wild strains. RESULTS Increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in standard strains. We also observed that Δcas9 mutant strain is more sensitive to antibiotics than its wild strain. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cas9 gene regulate several genes to promote antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni. CONCLUSION CRISPR-cas system plays role in the enhancement of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ab Shabbir
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues & MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Z Shabbir
- Quality Operation Laboratory at University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sajid
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.,College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Adeel Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yanping Tang
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad K Maan
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haihong Hao
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues & MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality & Safety of Livestock & Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues & MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Olkkola S, Nykäsenoja S, Raulo S, Llarena AK, Kovanen S, Kivistö R, Myllyniemi AL, Hänninen ML. Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Types of Finnish Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Multiple Sources. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:10-9. [PMID: 25917650 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 805 domestic Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from broilers (n = 459), bovines (n = 120), human patients (n = 95), natural waters (n = 80), wild birds (n = 35) and zoo animals/enclosures (n = 16) with known multilocus sequence types (MLST) for 450 isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and the quinolones ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were determined with the VetMIC method. MICs were compared with MLST types to find possible associations between sequence type and resistance. The proportions of resistant isolates were 5% (broilers), 6.3% (natural waters), 11.4% (wild birds), 11.6% (human patients), 16.7% (bovines) and 31.3% (zoo). The most common resistance among the human and bovine isolates was quinolone resistance alone while resistance to streptomycin alone was most often detected among the broiler isolates and tetracycline resistance was most commonly observed in the wild bird, water and zoo isolates. No or negligible resistance to erythromycin or gentamicin was detected. In all data, 12/26 of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also resistant to streptomycin (P < 0.001) and the clonal complex (CC) ST-1034 CC showed a high proportion of 75% (9/12) of tetracycline-resistant isolates, most originating from the zoo and broilers with closely associated MLST types from these sources. No association between quinolone resistance and MLST type was seen. The low percentage of resistant isolates among the domestic Campylobacter infections is most probably due to the long-term controlled use of antimicrobials. However, the higher percentage of tetracycline resistance observed among the zoo isolates could present a risk for zoo visitors of acquisition of resistant C. jejuni. The resistance pattern of tetracycline and streptomycin most often found in ST-1034 CC could indicate a common resistance acquisition mechanism commonly present in this CC. Overall, MLST typing was found to be a useful method in recognition of potential genetic lineages associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olkkola
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Nykäsenoja
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Raulo
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A-K Llarena
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kovanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A-L Myllyniemi
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M-L Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Demographic and clinical characteristics of Campylobacter bacteremia in children with and without predisposing factors. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:e414-8. [PMID: 23694835 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31829baae0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter, a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, rarely causes bacteremia, which is reported mainly in immune-compromised children. Our aim was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood campylobacter bacteremia (CB) between children with and without risk factors for CB. METHODS A retrospective, population-based study, conducted between 1989 and 2010. Risk factors were defined as immunodeficiency, malignancy, extreme prematurity or chronic diseases with malnutrition. RESULTS Seventy-six CB episodes (1 per child/month) were identified in 14 children with risk factors (30 episodes) and 46 children without risk factors (46 episodes). Children with risk factors were older (mean age 120.0±72.8 vs. 16.2±27.6 months) with higher proportion of males (90.0% vs. 60.9%), less gastrointestinal symptoms (43.3% vs. 69.9%) and higher hospitalization rates (96.7% vs. 69.6%) compared with children without risk factors. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (46/47 of identified species) were the most common species in both groups. Positive campylobacter stool cultures were found only in children without risk factors (0% vs. 38.5%). No mortality cases were observed. All isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility were sensitive to macrolides and carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood CB is rare in southern Israel. The disease manifests as a single gastroenteritis complication in a previously healthy young child or as recurrent episodes in an older, immune-compromised child, usually without gastrointestinal symptoms. This disparity may reflect pathogenesis differences, with disease in the immune-competent being dependent on pathogen virulence, whereas disease in the immune-compromised being host dependent. Disease outcome is usually favorable, and macrolides remain the antibiotic treatment of choice.
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Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among Campylobacter. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:340605. [PMID: 23865047 PMCID: PMC3707206 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Humans most often become infected by ingesting contaminated food, especially undercooked chicken, but also other sources of bacteria have been described. Campylobacteriosis is normally a self-limiting disease. Antimicrobial treatment is needed only in patients with more severe disease and in those who are immunologically compromised. The most common antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of Campylobacter infections are macrolides, such as erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Tetracyclines have been suggested as an alternative choice in the treatment of clinical campylobacteriosis but in practice are not often used. However, during the past few decades an increasing number of resistant Campylobacter isolates have developed resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. Trends in antimicrobial resistance have shown a clear correlation between use of antibiotics in the veterinary medicine and animal production and resistant isolates of Campylobacter in humans. In this review, the patterns of emerging resistance to the antimicrobial agents useful in treatment of the disease are presented and the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs in Campylobacter are discussed.
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Gaudreau C. Disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:380. [PMID: 23269979 PMCID: PMC3536247 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02363-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Gaudreau
- Département de Microbiologie médicale et Infectiologie, CHUM-Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Technical specifications on the harmonised monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. bacteria transmitted through food. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Inaccuracy of the disk diffusion method compared with the agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:52-6. [PMID: 22075583 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01090-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The agar dilution method has been standardized by the CLSI for the susceptibility testing of Campylobacter species, and according to these standards, the disk diffusion method should be used only in screening for macrolide and ciprofloxacin resistance. Nevertheless, the disk diffusion test is currently widely used, since it is easy to perform in clinical microbiology laboratories. In this study, the disk diffusion method was compared to the agar dilution method by analyzing the in vitro activities of seven antimicrobial agents against 174 Campylobacter strains collected in Finland between 2003 and 2008. Recommendations of the CLSI were followed using Mueller-Hinton agar plates with 5% of sheep blood. For each strain, the disk diffusion tests were performed two to four times. Of the 33 erythromycin-resistant strains (MIC, ≥16 μg/ml), 24 (73%) constantly showed a 6-mm erythromycin inhibition zone (i.e., no inhibition), while for seven strains the inhibition zone varied from 6 to 44 mm in repeated measurements. Among the 141 erythromycin-susceptible strains (MIC, <16 μg/ml), erythromycin inhibition zones varied between 6 and 61 mm. Of the 87 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, 47 (54%) showed 6-mm inhibition zones, while 40 strains showed inhibition zones between 6 and 60 mm. Significant differences between the repetitions were observed in the disk diffusion for all antimicrobial agents and all strains except for the macrolide-resistant strains regarding the macrolides. For 17 (10%) strains, the variation in repeated measurements was substantial. These results show that the disk diffusion method may not be a reliable tool for the susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. Further studies are needed to assess whether the disk diffusion test could be improved or whether all susceptibilities of campylobacters should be tested using an MIC-based method.
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Feodoroff B, Lauhio A, Ellström P, Rautelin H. A nationwide study of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli bacteremia in Finland over a 10-year period, 1998-2007, with special reference to clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:e99-e106. [PMID: 21921217 PMCID: PMC3174097 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter bacteremia is an uncommon condition, usually diagnosed in elderly and immunocompromised patients. METHODS Blood culture isolates and clinical information were collected for patients with diagnoses of Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli bacteremia in Finland from 1998 through 2007. Bacterial species were identified by means of polymerase chain reaction analysis, and minimal inhibitory concentrations for ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, meropenem, and metronidazole were determined with an agar dilution method. Medical records and mortality data within 1 year after the bacteremic episode were reviewed. RESULTS The study included 76 patients (median age, 46 years), for whom bacterial isolates (C. jejuni in 73, C. coli in 3) and clinical information were available. Most patients (70%) had no significant underlying diseases. The majority (82%) of the isolates were susceptible for all antimicrobial agents tested. However, antimicrobial therapy seemed to have only a limited effect, because no differences could be detected between patients with appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment and those with delayed appropriate, inappropriate, or no antimicrobial therapy, either in the duration of hospitalization (median, 4 days for both groups) or in attributable mortality. The outcome of the infection was severe in 4 patients infected with C. jejuni; 2 died within 30 days, spondylodiscitis developed in 1, and Guillain-Barré syndrome developed in 1. CONCLUSIONS C. jejuni and C. coli bacteremia occurred mainly in moderately young individuals without severe underlying diseases. The bacterial isolates were predominantly susceptible to antimicrobial agents, and the outcome of the disease was typically good, regardless of appropriate or inappropriate antimicrobial treatment given in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Feodoroff
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Feodoroff B, Ellström P, Hyytiäinen H, Sarna S, Hänninen ML, Rautelin H. Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Finnish patients differ according to the origin of infection. Gut Pathog 2010; 2:22. [PMID: 21171986 PMCID: PMC3022560 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-2-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a significant cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. Very little is known about the pathogenicity mechanisms and virulence factors of this important enteropathogen. C. jejuni isolates from 166 Finnish patients, collected from July to December in 2006, were studied for the presence of putative virulence factors and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Isolates were tested for production of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) as well as the presence of genes ceuE, cgtB, ciaB, cj0486, pldA, virB11, wlaN, and the gene cluster cdtABC. Bacterial characteristics were compared to information on foreign travel history as well as information on the course and the symptoms of disease obtained from questionnaires returned by patients. RESULTS Except for one domestic isolate, antimicrobial resistance was only detected in isolates of foreign origin. Univariate analyses showed association between bloody stools and both GGT production (p = 0.025) and the presence of cgtB (p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis verified that GGT production was more prevalent in domestic isolates (p < 0.0001), while the genes cj0486 (p < 0.0001) and ceuE (p < 0.0001) were associated with C. jejuni isolates of foreign origin. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that imported and domestic C. jejuni isolates differ significantly in several aspects from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Feodoroff
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heidi Hyytiäinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, PO Box 41, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains: in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:1232-6. [PMID: 20038624 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00898-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information regarding antimicrobial agents that are suitable to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Campylobacter spp. Our aim was to identify agents that are potentially effective against multiresistant Campylobacter strains. The in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents against 238 Campylobacter strains were analyzed by determining MICs by the agar plate dilution method or the Etest. These strains were selected from 1,808 Campylobacter isolates collected from Finnish patients between 2003 and 2005 and screened for macrolide susceptibility by using the disk diffusion test. The 238 strains consisted of 183 strains with erythromycin inhibition zone diameters of < or =23 mm and 55 strains with inhibition zone diameters of >23 mm. Of the 238 Campylobacter strains, 19 were resistant to erythromycin by MIC determinations (MIC > or = 16 microg/ml). Given that the resistant strains were identified among the collection of 1,808 isolates, the frequency of erythromycin resistance was 1.1%. All erythromycin-resistant strains were multidrug resistant, with 18 (94.7%) of them being resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC > or = 4 microg/ml). The percentages of resistance to tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) were 73.7% and 31.6%, respectively. All macrolide-resistant strains were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, and tigecycline. Ten (52.6%) multiresistant strains were identified as being Campylobacter jejuni strains, and 9 (47.4%) were identified as being C. coli strains. These data demonstrate that the incidence of macrolide resistance was low but that the macrolide-resistant Campylobacter strains were uniformly multidrug resistant. In addition to the carbapenems, tigecycline was also highly effective against these multidrug-resistant Campylobacter strains in vitro. Its efficacy for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Patient-reported complications associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection. Epidemiol Infect 2009; 138:1004-11. [PMID: 19887016 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268809991099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of complications, especially musculoskeletal symptoms, after sporadic Campylobacter jejuni enteritis of domestic origin in Finland. This multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted during a seasonal peak in 2002. Questionnaires were sent to Campylobacter-positive patients, representing different geographical areas, 2 months after collection of positive stool samples. Medical records were viewed in several cases. Besides antimicrobial susceptibility testing C. jejuni isolates were serotyped. A total of 235 patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 201 C. jejuni-positive patients were finally included in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with C. jejuni enteritis were frequent (39%); joint pain was most commonly reported (81%). The incidence of reactive arthritis was 4% and that of Achilles enthesopathy and/or heel pain was 9%. Stomach ache during enteritis was associated with the later development of joint pain. Antimicrobial treatment was common but did not prevent complications.
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Vlieghe ER, Jacobs JA, Van Esbroeck M, Koole O, Van Gompel A. Trends of norfloxacin and erythromycin resistance of Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from international travelers, 1994 to 2006. J Travel Med 2008; 15:419-25. [PMID: 19090796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter sp. is a major cause of bacterial enterocolitis and travelers' diarrhea. Empiric treatment regimens include fluoroquinolones and macrolides. METHODS Over the period 1994 to 2006, 724 Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from international travelers at the outpatient clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, were reviewed for their susceptibility to norfloxacin and erythromycin. RESULTS Norfloxacin resistance increased significantly over time in isolates from travelers returning from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. For the years 2001 to 2006, norfloxacin resistance rates were 67 (70.5%) of 95 for Asia, 20 (60.6%) of 33 for Latin America, and 36 (30.6%) of 114 for Africa. The sharpest increase was noted for India, with no resistance in 1994, but 41 (78.8%) of 52 resistant isolates found during 2001 to 2006. Erythromycin resistance was demonstrated in 20 (2.7%) isolates, with a mean annual resistance of 3.1% +/- 2.8%; resistance increased over time, with up to 3(7.5%) of 40 and 3 (8.6%) of 35 resistant isolates in 2004 and 2006, respectively (p < 0.05); there was no apparent geographic association. Combined resistance to norfloxacin and erythromycin was observed in five isolates. CONCLUSIONS The high resistance rates to fluoroquinolones warrant reconsideration of their use as drugs of choice in patients with severe gastroenteritis when Campylobacter is the presumed cause. Continued monitoring of the incidence and the spread of resistant Campylobacter isolates is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Vlieghe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Devos H, Van Schaeren J, Jeurissen A. Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin in a Belgian peripheral hospital. Acta Clin Belg 2007; 62:444-5. [PMID: 18351190 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2007.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tissari P, Rautelin H. Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay-based stool antigen test to detect Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58:171-5. [PMID: 17300899 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay-based antigen test (Ridascreen Campylobacter; R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) was evaluated for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in 1050 clinical stool samples as compared with culture on selective medium. After routine inoculation for Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter, the same swab specimens were used for the antigen test. The positivity rate for Campylobacter was 9.3% in culture, and the antigen test gave a sensitivity of 69%. Forty-six stool samples culture-negative for Campylobacter grew other enteropathogens; one (positive for Salmonella sp.) was positive in the antigen test. Of all the 952 Campylobacter culture-negative samples, 830 were negative in the antigen test, giving a specificity of 87%. Almost 5% of the samples showed equivocal antigen test results. If the moderate sensitivity of the antigen test was due to a low sensitivity of culture or receiving the stool samples in transportation tubes remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Tissari
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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