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Hao Y, Teng D, Mao R, Yang N, Wang J. Site Mutation Improves the Expression and Antimicrobial Properties of Fungal Defense. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1283. [PMID: 37627703 PMCID: PMC10451632 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have highly desirable intrinsic characteristics in their commercial product development as new antimicrobials, the limitations of AMPs from experimental to scale development include the low oral bioavailability, and high production costs due to inadequate in vitro/in vivo gene expression- and low scale. Plectasin has good bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, and the selective bactericidal activity greatly reduces the damage to the micro-ecosystem when applied in vivo. However, its expression level was relatively low (748.63 mg/L). In view of these situations, this study will optimize and modify the structure of Plectasin, hoping to obtain candidates with high expression, no/low toxicity, and maintain desirable antibacterial activity. Through sequence alignment, Plectasin was used as a template to introduce the degenerate bases, and the screening library was constructed. After three different levels of screening, the candidate sequence PN7 was obtained, and its total protein yield in the supernatant was 5.53 g/L, with the highest value so far for the variants or constructs from the same ancestor source. PN7 had strong activity against several species of Gram-positive bacteria (MIC value range 1~16 μg/mL). It was relatively stable in various conditions in vitro; in addition, the peptide showed no toxicity to mice for 1 week after intraperitoneal injection. Meanwhile, PN7 kills Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 with a mode of a quicker (>99% S. aureus was killed within 2 h, whereas vancomycin at 2× MIC was 8 h.) and longer PAE period. The findings indicate that PN7 may be a novel promising antimicrobial agent, and this study also provides a model or an example for the design, modification, or reconstruction of novel AMPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Combating food spoilage and pathogenic microbes via bacteriocins: A natural and eco-friendly substitute to antibiotics. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Basi-Chipalu S, Sthapit P, Dhital S. A review on characterization, applications and structure-activity relationships of Bacillus species-produced bacteriocins. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:55-62. [PMID: 35466124 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are inherently occurring proteins that are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites. Members of genus Bacillus produce many types of AMPs by ribosomal (bacteriocins) and non-ribosomal (polymyxins and iturins) mechanisms. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides that inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Moreover, bacteriocins produced by Bacillus species have been widely used in pharmaceutical, food industry, fishery, livestock as well as in agriculture sector. The objective of this review is to assess the characterization of the Bacillus-derived bacteriocins, their potential use in different sectors and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Basi-Chipalu
- Department of Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pallavi Sthapit
- Department of Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC, USA
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4
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Chen H, Ma L, Dai H, Fu Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. Advances in Rational Protein Engineering toward Functional Architectures and Their Applications in Food Science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4522-4533. [PMID: 35353517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomolecules including enzymes, cagelike proteins, and specific peptides have been continuously exploited as functional biomaterials applied in catalysis, nutrient delivery, and food preservation in food-related areas. However, natural proteins usually function well in physiological conditions, not industrial conditions, or may possess undesirable physical and chemical properties. Currently, rational protein design as a valuable technology has attracted extensive attention for the rational engineering or fabrication of ideal protein biomaterials with novel properties and functionality. This article starts with the underlying knowledge of protein folding and assembly and is followed by the introduction of the principles and strategies for rational protein design. Basic strategies for rational protein engineering involving experienced protein tailoring, computational prediction, computation redesign, and de novo protein design are summarized. Then, we focus on the recent progress of rational protein engineering or design in the application of food science, and a comprehensive summary ranging from enzyme manufacturing to cagelike protein nanocarriers engineering and antimicrobial peptides preparation is given. Overall, this review highlights the importance of rational protein engineering in food biomaterial preparation which could be beneficial for food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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5
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Dorau R, Liu J, Solem C, Jensen PR. Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Mining and Statistical Modeling of Natural and Variant Class IIa Bacteriocins Elucidate Activity and Selectivity Profiles across Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01646-20. [PMID: 32917749 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01646-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a compelling alternative to current antimicrobials because of potential specific activity toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Engineering of these molecules would be enhanced by a better understanding of AMP sequence-activity relationships to improve efficacy in vivo and limit effects of off-target activity. Toward this goal, we experimentally evaluated 210 natural and variant class IIa bacteriocins for antimicrobial activity against six strains of enterococci. Inhibitory activity was ridge regressed to AMP sequence to predict performance, achieving an area under the curve of 0.70 and demonstrating the potential of statistical models for identifying and designing AMPs. Active AMPs were individually produced and evaluated against eight enterococcus strains and four Listeria strains to elucidate trends in susceptibility. It was determined that the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) sequence is informative of susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins, yet other factors, such as membrane composition, also contribute strongly to susceptibility. A broadly potent bacteriocin variant (lactocin DT1) from a Lactobacillus ruminis genome was identified as the only variant with inhibitory activity toward all tested strains, while a novel enterocin variant (DT2) from an Enterococcus faecium genome demonstrated specificity toward Listeria strains. Eight AMPs were evaluated for proteolytic stability to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin, and three C-terminal disulfide-containing variants, including divercin V41, were identified as compelling for future in vivo studies, given their high potency and proteolytic stability.IMPORTANCE Class IIa bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an alternative to traditional small-molecule antibiotics, are capable of selective activity toward various Gram-positive bacteria, limiting negative side effects associated with broad-spectrum activity. This selective activity is achieved through targeting of the mannose phosphotransferase system (manPTS) of a subset of Gram-positive bacteria, although factors affecting this mechanism are not entirely understood. Peptides identified from genomic data, as well as variants of previously characterized AMPs, can offer insight into how peptide sequence affects activity and selectivity. The experimental methods presented here identify promising potent and selective bacteriocins for further evaluation, highlight the potential of simple computational modeling for prediction of AMP performance, and demonstrate that factors beyond manPTS sequence affect bacterial susceptibility to class IIa bacteriocins.
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Balandin SV, Sheremeteva EV, Ovchinnikova TV. Pediocin-Like Antimicrobial Peptides of Bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:464-478. [PMID: 31234762 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791905002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are bacterial antimicrobial peptides that, unlike classical peptide antibiotics, are products of ribosomal synthesis and usually have a narrow spectrum of antibacterial activity against species closely related to the producers. Pediocin-like bacteriocins (PLBs) belong to the class IIa of the bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. PLBs possess high activity against pathogenic bacteria from Listeria and Enterococcus genera. Molecular target for PLBs is a membrane protein complex - bacterial mannose-phosphotransferase. PLBs can be synthesized by components of symbiotic microflora and participate in the maintenance of homeostasis in various compartments of the digestive tract and on the surface of epithelial tissues contacting the external environment. PLBs could give a rise to a new group of antibiotics of narrow spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Balandin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E V Sheremeteva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - T V Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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8
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Juturu V, Wu JC. Microbial production of bacteriocins: Latest research development and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2187-2200. [PMID: 30385277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are low molecular weight peptides secreted by the predator bacterial cells to kill sensitive cells present in the same ecosystem competing for food and other nutrients. Exceptionally few bacteriocins along with their native antibacterial property also exhibit additional anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. Bacteriocins are generally produced by Gm+, Gm- and archaea bacteria. Bacteriocins from Gm + bacteria especially from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been thoroughly investigated considering their great biosafety and broad industrial applications. LAB expressing bacteriocins were isolated from fermented milk and milk products, rumen of animals and soil using deferred antagonism assay. Nisin is the only bacteriocin that has got FDA approval for application as a food preservative, which is produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis. Its crystal structure explains that its antimicrobial properties are due to the binding of NH2 terminal to lipid II molecule inhibiting the peptidoglycan synthesis and carboxy terminal forming pores in bacterial cell membrane leading to cell lysis. The hinge region connecting NH2 and carboxy terminus has been mutated to generate mutant variants with higher antimicrobial activity. In a 50 ton fermentation of the mutant strain 3807 derived from L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, 9,960 IU/mL of nisin was produced. Currently, high purity of nisin (>99%) is very expensive and hardly commercially available. Development of more advanced tools for cost-effective separation and purification of nisin would be commercially attractive. Chemical synthesis and heterologous expression of bacteriocins ended in low yields of pure proteins. At present, bacteriocins are almost solely applied in food industries, but they have a great potential to be used in other fields such as feeds, organic fertilizers, environmental protection and personal care products. The future of bacteriocins is largely dependent on getting FDA approval for use of other bacteriocins in addition to nisin to promote the research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Juturu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Jin Chuan Wu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore.
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9
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Ritter SC, Yang ML, Kaznessis YN, Hackel BJ. Multispecies activity screening of microcin J25 mutants yields antimicrobials with increased specificity toward pathogenic Salmonella species relative to human commensal Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2394-2404. [PMID: 29940080 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern large-scale agricultural practices that incorporate high density farming with subtherapeutic antibiotic dosing are considered a major contributor to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections of humans with species of Salmonella being a leading agriculture-based bacterial infection. Microcin J25, a potent and highly stable antimicrobial peptide active against Enterobacteriaceae, is a candidate antimicrobial against multiple Salmonella species. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that the composition of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract prevents a variety of diseases by preventing infectious agents from proliferating. Reducing clearance of off-target bacteria may decrease susceptibility to secondary infection. Of the Enterobacteriaceae susceptible to microcin J25, Escherichia coli are the most abundant within the human gut. To explore the modulation of specificity, a collection of 207 mutants encompassing 12 positions in both the ring and loop of microcin J25 was built and tested for activity against Salmonella and E. coli strains. As has been found previously, mutational tolerance of ring residues was lower than loop residues, with 22% and 51% of mutations, respectively, retaining activity toward at least one target within the target organism test panel. The multitarget screening elucidated increased mutational tolerance at position G2, G3, and G14 than previously identified in panels composed of single targets. Multiple mutations conferred differential response between the different targets. Examination of specificity differences between mutants found that 30% showed significant improvements to specificity toward any of the targets. Generation and testing of a combinatorial library designed from the point-mutant study revealed that microcin J25I13T reduces off-target activity toward commensal human-derived E. coli isolates by 81% relative to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. These in vitro specificity improvements are likely to improve in vivo treatment efficacy by reducing clearance of commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth C Ritter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mike L Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yiannis N Kaznessis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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10
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Bacteriocinogenic Potential of Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Wine. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:150-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Rios AC, Moutinho CG, Pinto FC, Del Fiol FS, Jozala A, Chaud MV, Vila MMDC, Teixeira JA, Balcão VM. Alternatives to overcoming bacterial resistances: State-of-the-art. Microbiol Res 2016; 191:51-80. [PMID: 27524653 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, bacterial resistance to chemical antibiotics has reached such a high level that endangers public health. Presently, the adoption of alternative strategies that promote the elimination of resistant microbial strains from the environment is of utmost importance. This review discusses and analyses several (potential) alternative strategies to current chemical antibiotics. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy, although not new, makes use of strictly lytic phage particles as an alternative, or a complement, in the antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections. It is being rediscovered as a safe method, because these biological entities devoid of any metabolic machinery do not possess any affinity whatsoever to eukaryotic cells. Lysin therapy is also recognized as an innovative antimicrobial therapeutic option, since the topical administration of preparations containing purified recombinant lysins with amounts in the order of nanograms, in infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, demonstrated a high therapeutic potential by causing immediate lysis of the target bacterial cells. Additionally, this therapy exhibits the potential to act synergistically when combined with certain chemical antibiotics already available on the market. Another potential alternative antimicrobial therapy is based on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), amphiphilic polypeptides that cause disruption of the bacterial membrane and can be used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal and viral infections, in the prevention of biofilm formation, and as antitumoral agents. Interestingly, bacteriocins are a common strategy of bacterial defense against other bacterial agents, eliminating the potential opponents of the former and increasing the number of available nutrients in the environment for their own growth. They can be applied in the food industry as biopreservatives and as probiotics, and also in fighting multi-resistant bacterial strains. The use of antibacterial antibodies promises to be extremely safe and effective. Additionally, vaccination emerges as one of the most promising preventive strategies. All these will be tackled in detail in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Rios
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Carla G Moutinho
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando S Del Fiol
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Jozala
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Marco V Chaud
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Victor M Balcão
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)2i(bs)(2)-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba/SP, Brazil; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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12
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McClintock MK, Kaznessis YN, Hackel BJ. Enterocin A mutants identified by saturation mutagenesis enhance potency towards vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:414-23. [PMID: 26191783 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci infections are a significant clinical problem. One proposed solution is to use probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, to produce antimicrobial peptides at the site of infection. Enterocin A, a class 2a bacteriocin, exhibits inhibitory activity against E. faecium and E. faecalis, which account for 86% of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci infections. In this study, we aimed to engineer enterocin A mutants with enhanced potency within a lactic acid bacterial production system. Peptide mutants resulting from saturation mutagenesis at sites A24 and T27 were efficiently screened in a 96-well plate assay for inhibition of pathogen growth. Several mutants exhibit increased potency relative to wild-type enterocin A in both liquid- and solid-medium growth assays. In particular, A24P and T27G exhibit enhanced inhibition of multiple strains of E. faecium and E. faecalis, including clinically isolated vancomycin-resistant strains. A24P and T27G enhance killing of E. faecium 8 by 13 ± 3- and 18 ± 4-fold, respectively. The engineered enterocin A/lactic acid bacteria systems offer significant potential to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K McClintock
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Yiannis N Kaznessis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.
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13
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Song DF, Li X, Zhang YH, Zhu MY, Gu Q. Mutational analysis of positively charged residues in the N-terminal region of the class IIa bacteriocin pediocin PA-1. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:356-61. [PMID: 24261867 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The significance of positively charged residues for the target cell binding of pediocin PA-1 bacteriocins was studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Most of the charged residues are located in the N-terminal half of the peptide, which is thought to mediate the initial binding of these bacteriocins to their target cells through electrostatic interactions. Mutated peptides in which the positively charged residues were substituted or increased in number were constructed, and some of these peptides exhibited a twofold increase in the bacteriostatic activity. The greatest enhancement was achieved by introduced the positive charges at position 13, their results show the benefits of introducing an additional cationic residue within this patch in the middle of the N-terminal half of pediocin PA-1 bacteriocins. Thus, the presence of additional cationic residues in the N-terminal half influenced the electrostatic binding of this bacteriocin to its target cells and increased the potency of the peptide on the potency of Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY No previous work has systematically examined the N-terminal cationic residues of the pediocin PA-1 for their functional importance or redundancy. In this study, we examined the structure-function relationships of pediocin PA-1 by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutated peptides in which the positively charged residues were substituted and increased in number exhibited a twofold increase in the bacteriostatic activity. This study demonstrated the importance of the cationic patch in the N-terminal half of pediocin PA-1. The cationic residues influenced the electrostatic binding of the bacteriocin to the target cells and had a greater effect on the potency of the peptide towards Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Song
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Guralp SA, Murgha YE, Rouillard JM, Gulari E. From design to screening: a new antimicrobial peptide discovery pipeline. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59305. [PMID: 23527157 PMCID: PMC3602187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belong to a class of natural microbicidal molecules that have been receiving great attention for their lower propensity for inducing drug resistance, hence, their potential as alternative drugs to conventional antibiotics. By generating AMP libraries, one can study a large number of candidates for their activities simultaneously in a timely manner. Here, we describe a novel methodology where in silico designed AMP-encoding oligonucleotide libraries are cloned and expressed in a cellular host for rapid screening of active molecules. The combination of parallel oligonucleotide synthesis with microbial expression systems not only offers complete flexibility for sequence design but also allows for economical construction of very large peptide libraries. An application of this approach to discovery of novel AMPs has been demonstrated by constructing and screening a custom library of twelve thousand plantaricin-423 mutants in Escherichia coli. Analysis of selected clones by both Sanger-sequencing and 454 high-throughput sequencing produced a significant amount of data for positionally important residues of plantaricin-423 responsible for antimicrobial activity and, moreover, resulted in identification of many novel variants with enhanced specific activities against Listeria innocua. This approach allows for generation of fully tailored peptide collections in a very cost effective way and will have countless applications from discovery of novel AMPs to gaining fundamental understanding of their biological function and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Albayrak Guralp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yusuf E. Murgha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marie Rouillard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Mycroarray, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erdogan Gulari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Solutions are urgently required for the growing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria, might warrant serious consideration as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These molecules exhibit significant potency against other bacteria (including antibiotic-resistant strains), are stable and can have narrow or broad activity spectra. Bacteriocins can even be produced in situ in the gut by probiotic bacteria to combat intestinal infections. Although the application of specific bacteriocins might be curtailed by the development of resistance, an understanding of the mechanisms by which such resistance could emerge will enable researchers to develop strategies to minimize this potential problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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Kjos M, Borrero J, Opsata M, Birri DJ, Holo H, Cintas LM, Snipen L, Hernández PE, Nes IF, Diep DB. Target recognition, resistance, immunity and genome mining of class II bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:3256-3267. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.052571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their very potent antimicrobial activity against diverse food-spoiling bacteria and pathogens and their favourable biochemical properties, peptide bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria have long been considered promising for applications in food preservation or medical treatment. To take advantage of bacteriocins in different applications, it is crucial to have detailed knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which these peptides recognize and kill target cells, how producer cells protect themselves from their own bacteriocin (self-immunity) and how target cells may develop resistance. In this review we discuss some important recent progress in these areas for the non-lantibiotic (class II) bacteriocins. We also discuss some examples of how the current wealth of genome sequences provides an invaluable source in the search for novel class II bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kjos
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Juan Borrero
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mona Opsata
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dagim J. Birri
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Helge Holo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Snipen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingolf F. Nes
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Development of Class IIa Bacteriocins as Therapeutic Agents. Int J Microbiol 2011; 2012:386410. [PMID: 22187559 PMCID: PMC3236453 DOI: 10.1155/2012/386410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins have been primarily explored as natural food preservatives, but there is much interest in exploring the application of these peptides as therapeutic antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins of this class possess antimicrobial activity against several important human pathogens. Therefore, the therapeutic development of these bacteriocins will be reviewed. Biological and chemical modifications to both stabilize and increase the potency of bacteriocins are discussed, as well as the optimization of their production and purification. The suitability of bacteriocins as pharmaceuticals is explored through determinations of cytotoxicity, effects on the natural microbiota, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models. Recent results suggest that class IIa bacteriocins show promise as a class of therapeutic agents.
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Mills S, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross R. New Developments and Applications of Bacteriocins and Peptides in Foods. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:299-329. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mills
- Food for Health Ireland, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
| | - C. Stanton
- Food for Health Ireland, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Hill
- Food for Health Ireland, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R.P. Ross
- Food for Health Ireland, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Center, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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DNA shuffling of methionine adenosyltransferase gene leads to improved S-adenosyl-l-methionine production in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2009; 141:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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