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Brusa V, Costa M, Padola NL, Etcheverría A, Sampedro F, Fernandez PS, Leotta GA, Signorini ML. Quantitative risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with beef consumption in Argentina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242317. [PMID: 33186398 PMCID: PMC7665811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-contaminated beef (intact beef cuts, ground beef and commercial hamburgers) in children under 15 years of age from Argentina. The QMRA was used to characterize STEC prevalence and concentration levels in each product through the Argentinean beef supply chain, including cattle primary production, cattle transport, processing and storage in the abattoir, retail and home preparation, and consumption. Median HUS probability from beef cut, ground beef and commercial hamburger consumption was <10-15, 5.4x10-8 and 3.5x10-8, respectively. The expected average annual number of HUS cases was 0, 28 and 4, respectively. Risk of infection and HUS probability were sensitive to the type of abattoir, the application or not of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) for STEC (HACCP-STEC), stx prevalence in carcasses and trimmings, storage conditions from the abattoir to retailers and home, the joint consumption of salads and beef products, and cooking preference. The QMRA results showed that the probability of HUS was higher if beef cuts (1.7x) and ground beef (1.2x) were from carcasses provided by abattoirs not applying HACCP-STEC. Thus, the use of a single sanitary standard that included the application of HACCP-STEC in all Argentinean abattoirs would greatly reduce HUS incidence. The average number of annual HUS cases estimated by the QMRA (n = 32) would explain about 10.0% of cases in children under 15 years per year in Argentina. Since other routes of contamination can be involved, including those not related to food, further research on the beef production chain, other food chains, person-to-person transmission and outbreak studies should be conducted to reduce the impact of HUS on the child population of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Brusa
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora L. Padola
- CIVETAN–Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CONICET-UNCPBA-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias—UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Etcheverría
- CIVETAN–Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CONICET-UNCPBA-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias—UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Sampedro
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Pablo S. Fernandez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, España
| | - Gerardo A. Leotta
- IGEVET–Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L. Signorini
- IdICaL–Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea–(INTA–CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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The effect of transportation and lairage on faecal shedding and carcass contamination with Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in very young calves in New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1089-1100. [PMID: 29789035 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of transportation and lairage on the faecal shedding and post-slaughter contamination of carcasses with Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in young calves (4-7-day-old) was assessed in a cohort study at a regional calf-processing plant in the North Island of New Zealand, following 60 calves as cohorts from six dairy farms to slaughter. Multiple samples from each animal at pre-slaughter (recto-anal mucosal swab) and carcass at post-slaughter (sponge swab) were collected and screened using real-time PCR and culture isolation methods for the presence of E. coli O157 and O26 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and non-STEC). Genotype analysis of E. coli O157 and O26 isolates provided little evidence of faecal-oral transmission of infection between calves during transportation and lairage. Increased cross-contamination of hides and carcasses with E. coli O157 and O26 between co-transported calves was confirmed at pre-hide removal and post-evisceration stages but not at pre-boning (at the end of dressing prior to chilling), indicating that good hygiene practices and application of an approved intervention effectively controlled carcass contamination. This study was the first of its kind to assess the impact of transportation and lairage on the faecal carriage and post-harvest contamination of carcasses with E. coli O157 and O26 in very young calves.
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Zhou Z, Li J, Zheng H, Jin X, Shen Y, Lei T, Sun X, Pan Z, Jiao X. Diversity of Salmonella isolates and their distribution in a pig slaughterhouse in Huaian, China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kramarenko T, Roasto M, Mäesaar M, Maugliani A, Tozzoli R, Meremäe K, Elias T, Kuningas M. Phenogenotypic Characterization ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 Strains Isolated from Cattle at Slaughter. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:703-708. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Kramarenko
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Roasto
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Antonella Maugliani
- European Union Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Istitituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosangela Tozzoli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Istitituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Kadrin Meremäe
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terje Elias
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Aliyu AB, Saleha AA, Jalila A, Zunita Z. Risk factors and spatial distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing- Escherichia coli at retail poultry meat markets in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:699. [PMID: 27484086 PMCID: PMC4971674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The significant role of retail poultry meat as an important exposure pathway for the acquisition and transmission of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) into the human population warrants understanding concerning those operational practices associated with dissemination of ESBL-EC in poultry meat retailing. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution and potential risk factors associated with the dissemination of ESBL-EC in poultry meat retail at wet-markets in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods Poultry meat (breast, wing, thigh, and keel) as well as the contact surfaces of weighing scales and cutting boards were sampled to detect ESBL-EC by using culture and disk combination methods and polymerase chain reaction assays. Besides, questionnaire was used to obtain data and information pertaining to those operational practices that may possibly explain the occurrence of ESBL-EC. The data were analysed using logistic regression analysis at 95 % CI. Results The overall prevalence of ESBL-EC was 48.8 % (95 % CI, 42 – 55 %). Among the risk factors that were explored, type of countertop, sanitation of the stall environment, source of cleaning water, and type of cutting board were found to be significantly associated with the presence of ESBL-EC. Conclusions Thus, in order to prevent or reduce the presence of ESBL-EC and other contaminants at the retail-outlet, there is a need to design a process control system based on the current prevailing practices in order to reduce cross contamination, as well as to improve food safety and consumer health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3377-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A A Saleha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public health laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - A Jalila
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zunita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fontcuberta M, Planell R, Torrents A, Sabaté S, Gonzalez R, Ramoneda M, de Simón M. Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Bovine Carcasses. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1418-23. [PMID: 27497130 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 on bovine carcasses before and after chilling at a large slaughterhouse located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, to assess the effectiveness of dry chilling on reducing E. coli O157 contamination of carcasses. In addition, the study characterized the E. coli O157 strains isolated in terms of virulence factors, antibiotic susceptibility, and their genetic diversity. Individual bovine carcasses were sampled before (n = 300) and after (n = 300) chilling over an 8-month period. Positive samples for E. coli O157 were subjected to virulence screening by PCR (stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes and the fliCH7 gene), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 9.7% (29 of 300) of the nonrefrigerated carcasses examined and 2.3% (7 of 300) of the refrigerated carcasses were positive for E. coli O157. All the isolates were serotype O157:H7, 92% (33 of 36) carried the stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes, and 8% (3 of 36) carried the stx2 and eaeA genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high degree of resistance: 29 strains (81%) were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial of the 12 antimicrobials tested; 69% (25 of 36) were resistant to 4 or more antimicrobials. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis found a high diversity of genetic types, implying little cross-contamination in the slaughterhouse. This study confirms that E. coli O157:H7 is present on the carcasses slaughtered in Spain, although its prevalence is reduced by the dry chilling process used. The recovered isolates showed potential pathogenesis and a high degree of multidrug resistance, confirming the importance of bovine meat monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fontcuberta
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; The Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèedica Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - R Planell
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Torrents
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Gonzalez
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ramoneda
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M de Simón
- Agèencia de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Certain Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are important causes of food-borne disease, with hemorrhagic colitis and, in some cases, hemolytic-uremic syndrome as the clinical manifestations of illness. Six serogroups and one serotype of STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7) are responsible for the vast majority of cases in the United States. Based on recent data for all food commodities combined, 55.3% and 50.0% of the outbreaks of STEC O157 and non-O157 in the United States, respectively, are attributable to beef as a food source. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service declared these organisms as adulterants in raw, nonintact beef. In North America, cattle are a major reservoir of STEC strains, with organisms shed in the feces and contaminated hides of the animals being the main vehicle for spread to carcasses at slaughter. A number of peri- and postharvest interventions targeting STEC have been developed, and significant progress has been made in improving the microbiological quality of beef in the past 20 years as a result. However, continued improvements are needed, and accurate assessment of these interventions, especially for non-O157 STEC, would greatly benefit from improvements in detection methods for these organisms.
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Porphyre T, Boden LA, Correia-Gomes C, Auty HK, Gunn GJ, Woolhouse MEJ. How commercial and non-commercial swine producers move pigs in Scotland: a detailed descriptive analysis. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:140. [PMID: 24965915 PMCID: PMC4082416 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of non-commercial producers on disease spread via livestock movement is related to their level of interaction with other commercial actors within the industry. Although understanding these relationships is crucial in order to identify likely routes of disease incursion and transmission prior to disease detection, there has been little research in this area due to the difficulties of capturing movements of small producers with sufficient resolution. Here, we used the Scottish Livestock Electronic Identification and Traceability (ScotEID) database to describe the movement patterns of different pig production systems which may affect the risk of disease spread within the swine industry. In particular, we focused on the role of small pig producers. RESULTS Between January 2012 and May 2013, 23,169 batches of pigs were recorded moving animals between 2382 known unique premises. Although the majority of movements (61%) were to a slaughterhouse, the non-commercial and the commercial sectors of the Scottish swine industry coexist, with on- and off-movement of animals occurring relatively frequently. For instance, 13% and 4% of non-slaughter movements from professional producers were sent to a non-assured commercial producer or to a small producer, respectively; whereas 43% and 22% of movements from non-assured commercial farms were sent to a professional or a small producer, respectively. We further identified differences between producer types in several animal movement characteristics which are known to increase the risk of disease spread. Particularly, the distance travelled and the use of haulage were found to be significantly different between producers. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that commercial producers are not isolated from the non-commercial sector of the Scottish swine industry and may frequently interact, either directly or indirectly. The observed patterns in the frequency of movements, the type of producers involved, the distance travelled and the use of haulage companies provide insights into the structure of the Scottish swine industry, but also highlight different features that may increase the risk of infectious diseases spread in both Scotland and the UK. Such knowledge is critical for developing more robust biosecurity and surveillance plans and better preparing Scotland against incursions of emerging swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Porphyre
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa A Boden
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bearsden, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Correia-Gomes
- Epidemiology Research Unit, SRUC, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, UK
| | - Harriet K Auty
- Epidemiology Research Unit, SRUC, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, UK
| | - George J Gunn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, SRUC, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, UK
| | - Mark EJ Woolhouse
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
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Chui L, Lee MC, Allen R, Bryks A, Haines L, Boras V. Comparison between ImmunoCard STAT!(®) and real-time PCR as screening tools for both O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Southern Alberta, Canada. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:8-13. [PMID: 23810166 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections and outbreaks have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the performance of ImmunoCard STAT!(®) (Meridian Bioscience, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) as a method to screen stool specimens for STEC (O157 and non-O157). An in-house real-time PCR method was used as the "gold standard". We also evaluated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of STEC infections in the Alberta South West Zone. From July to November 2011, 819 stool specimens submitted for routine stool culture were tested. With our in-house real-time PCR, 7 O157:H7 and 10 non-O157 STEC isolates were identified for a total of 17 STECs. In comparison, ImmunoCard STAT!(®) identified a total of 6, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 35% and 99%, respectively (P < 0.05). Because of the low sensitivity, ImmunoCard STAT!(®) cannot be recommended as a routine screening test for STEC from enriched stool specimens. The rate of STEC positivity as detected by PCR was 2.08%, of which 0.86% was O157:H7 and 1.22% non-O157 STEC. Five of the 7 cases of STEC O157 infection experienced bloody diarrhea, and 1 developed hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chui
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Thomas KM, McCann MS, Collery MM, Moschonas G, Whyte P, McDowell DA, Duffy G. Transfer of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157, O26, O111, O103 and O145 from fleece to carcass during sheep slaughter in an Irish export abattoir. Food Microbiol 2013; 34:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Thomas
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Doyle MP, Erickson MC. Opportunities for mitigating pathogen contamination during on-farm food production. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 152:54-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arthur TM, Brichta-Harhay DM, Bosilevac JM, Kalchayanand N, Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Koohmaraie M. Super shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle and the impact on beef carcass contamination. Meat Sci 2010; 86:32-7. [PMID: 20627603 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beef carcass contamination is a direct result of pathogen transfer from cattle hides harboring organisms such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Hide contamination occurs from direct and indirect fecal contamination in cattle production and lairage environments. In each of these environments, individual animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 at high levels (>10(4) CFU/g of feces, hereafter referred to as "super shedders") can have a disproportionate effect on cattle hide and subsequent carcass contamination. It is not known what criteria must be met to cause an animal to shed at levels exceeding 10(4) CFU/g. Understanding the factors that play a role in super shedding will aid in minimizing or eliminating the super shedding population. Interventions that would prevent super shedding in the cattle population should reduce E. coli O157:H7 transmission in the production and lairage environments resulting in reduced risk of beef carcass contamination and a safer finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA.
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The application of food safety interventions in primary production of beef and lamb: A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jacob ME, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. Animal- and truckload-level associations between Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces and on hides at harvest and contamination of preevisceration beef carcasses. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1030-7. [PMID: 20537257 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cattle feces and hides contribute to carcass contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7, ultimately impacting beef safety. Primary objectives of our cross-sectional study were to evaluate associations among fecal, hide, and preevisceration carcass prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and to assess factors affecting carcass contamination. Fecal, hide, and preevisceration carcass samples were collected from up to 32 cattle on each of 45 truckloads presented to a midwestern U.S. abattoir. Enrichment and selective culture were used to assess fecal, hide, and carcass prevalence, and direct plating was used to identify cattle shedding high levels of E. coli O157:H7 in feces. Fecal, hide, and carcass prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 within truckload were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with each other. Enriched fecal sample prevalence was 13.8%, and high shedder prevalence was 3.3%; 38.5% of hides and 10.5% of carcasses were positive for E. coli O157:H7. We used logistic regression to assess animal- and truckload-level variables affecting the probability of carcasses testing positive for E. coli O157:H7. All truckload-level predictors significantly affected the probability of an E. coli O157:H7-positive carcass, including presence of a high shedder within the truckload (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0; confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 10.1), high (>25%) within-truckload fecal prevalence (OR = 19.3; CI, 4.7 to 79.0), and high (>50%) within-truckload hide prevalence (OR = 7.7; CI, 3.1 to 19.6). The only significant animal-level predictor was having a positive hide (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.6). Our results suggest that preharvest interventions for reducing E. coli O157:H7 contamination of carcasses should focus on truckload (cohort)-level and hide mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jacob
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5606, USA
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Kosmider RD, Nally P, Simons RRL, Brouwer A, Cheung S, Snary EL, Wooldridge M. Attribution of human VTEC O157 infection from meat products: a quantitative risk assessment approach. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2010; 30:753-765. [PMID: 19919549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To address the risk posed to human health by the consumption of VTEC O157 within contaminated pork, lamb, and beef products within Great Britain, a quantitative risk assessment model has been developed. This model aims to simulate the prevalence and amount of VTEC O157 in different meat products at consumption within a single model framework by adapting previously developed models. The model is stochastic in nature, enabling both variability (natural variation between animals, carcasses, products) and uncertainty (lack of knowledge) about the input parameters to be modeled. Based on the model assumptions and data, it is concluded that the prevalence of VTEC O157 in meat products (joints and mince) at consumption is low (i.e., <0.04%). Beef products, particularly beef burgers, present the highest estimated risk with an estimated eight out of 100,000 servings on average resulting in human infection with VTEC O157.
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Berry ED, Wells JE. Escherichia coli O157:H7: recent advances in research on occurrence, transmission, and control in cattle and the production environment. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2010; 60:67-117. [PMID: 20691954 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(10)60004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen that is an important cause of human foodborne and waterborne disease, with a spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic carriage and diarrhea to the sometimes fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 disease are often associated with undercooked beef, but there are other sources of transmission, including water, produce, and animal contact, which can often be linked directly or indirectly to cattle. Thus, preharvest control of this pathogen in cattle production should have a large impact on reducing the risk of human foodborne illness. In this review, we will summarize preharvest research on E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and the production environment, focusing on factors that may influence the transmission, prevalence, and levels of this pathogen, such as season, diet, high-level shedders, and animal stress. In addition, we will discuss recent research on the reduction of this pathogen in cattle production, including vaccination, probiotics, bacteriophage, and manure treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Berry
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA.
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