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Kumar S, Bansal K, Sethi SK. Comparative genomics analysis of genus Leuconostoc resolves its taxonomy and elucidates its biotechnological importance. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Xu Z, Wu X, Liao X. A new Leuconostoc citreum strain discovered in the traditional sweet potato sour liquid fermentation as a novel bioflocculant for highly efficient starch production. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110327. [PMID: 34053531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sour liquid fermentation is commonly used in the sedimentation process of traditional starch production, where bacteria play a critical role in starch flocculation. In this study, the dynamic changes of bacterial compositions during sweet potato sour liquid (SPSL) fermentation were profiled using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, unveiling that Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus plantarum were the dominant microorganisms in the process, and Leuconostoc citreum exhibited a strong positive correlation with starch flocculation rate (FR). In total, 75 lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains were isolated from the SPSL, but only 7 of them caused starch flocculation. For the first time, Leuconostoc citreum strains were reported with excellent starch-flocculating abilities (up to 55.56% FR in 20 min), which might be attributed to their ability to connect starch granules through the cell surface to form large aggregation. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial dynamics in SPSL fermentation at the species level. A starch flocculation yield of 93.63% was achieved within 1 h by using the newly discovered Leuconostoc citreum SJ-57. The time required for total starch sedimentation was reduced from 10 h to 4 h, compared with the traditional process. These results suggest that this novel bioflocculant is more suitable for modernizing the traditional SPSL fermentation process and achieving rapid and highly efficient starch sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Kim JW, Choi BH, Jung JH, Yuan X, Kim JM, Lee PC. Genome resequencing and analysis of d-lactic acid fermentation ability of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jang SH, Cha JW, Han NS, Jeong KJ. Development of bicistronic expression system for the enhanced and reliable production of recombinant proteins in Leuconostoc citreum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8852. [PMID: 29891982 PMCID: PMC5995908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Leuconostoc citreum are non-sporulating hetero-fermentative bacteria that play an important role in the fermented food industry. In this study, for the enhanced and reliable production of recombinant proteins in L. citreum, we developed a bicistronic design (BCD) expression system which includes a short leader peptide (1st cistron) followed by target genes (2nd cistron) under the control of a single promoter. Using superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) as a reporter, the functionality of BCD in L. citreum was verified. Further, to improve the expression in BCD, we tried to engineer a Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD2) for the 2nd cistron and a promoter by FACS screening of random libraries, and both strong SD2 (eSD2) and promoter (P710V4) were successfully isolated. The usefulness of the engineered BCD with P710V4 and eSD2 was further validated using three model proteins—glutathione-s-transferase, human growth hormone, and α-amylase. All examined proteins were successfully produced with levels highly increased compared with those in the original BCD as well as the monocistronic design (MCD) expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Ju SY, Kim JH, Lee PC. Long-term adaptive evolution of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for enhancement of lactic acid tolerance and production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:240. [PMID: 27843489 PMCID: PMC5103595 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactic acid has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) and is commonly used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Applications of lactic acid have also emerged in the plastics industry. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, are widely used as lactic acid producers for food-related and biotechnological applications. Nonetheless, industrial mass production of lactic acid in LAB is a challenge mainly because of growth inhibition caused by the end product, lactic acid. Thus, it is important to improve acid tolerance of LAB to achieve balanced cell growth and a high titer of lactic acid. Recently, adaptive evolution has been employed as one of the strategies to improve the fitness and to induce adaptive changes in bacteria under specific growth conditions, such as acid stress. RESULTS Wild-type Leuconostoc mesenteroides was challenged long term with exogenously supplied lactic acid, whose concentration was increased stepwise (for enhancement of lactic acid tolerance) during 1 year. In the course of the adaptive evolution at 70 g/L lactic acid, three mutants (LMS50, LMS60, and LMS70) showing high specific growth rates and lactic acid production were isolated and characterized. Mutant LMS70, isolated at 70 g/L lactic acid, increased d-lactic acid production up to 76.8 g/L, which was twice that in the wild type (37.8 g/L). Proteomic, genomic, and physiological analyses revealed that several possible factors affected acid tolerance, among which a mutation of ATPase ε subunit (involved in the regulation of intracellular pH) and upregulation of intracellular ammonia, as a buffering system, were confirmed to contribute to the observed enhancement of tolerance and production of d-lactic acid. CONCLUSIONS During adaptive evolution under lethal stress conditions, the fitness of L. mesenteroides gradually increased to accumulate beneficial mutations according to the stress level. The enhancement of acid tolerance in the mutants contributed to increased production of d-lactic acid. The observed genetic and physiological changes may systemically help remove protons and retain viability at high lactic acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yeon Ju
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749 South Korea
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Biotechnological production of enantiomerically pure d-lactic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9423-9437. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hwang HJ, Kim JW, Ju SY, Park JH, Lee PC. Application of an oxygen-inducible nar promoter system in metabolic engineering for production of biochemicals in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:468-473. [PMID: 27543929 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nar promoter, a dissolved oxygen (DO)-dependent promoter in Escherichia coli, is simply induced and functional in any cell growth phase, which are advantageous for producing biochemicals/fuels on an industrial scale. To demonstrate the feasibility of using the nar promoter in the metabolic engineering of biochemicals/biofuels in E. coli, three target pathways were examined: the d-lactate, 2,3-butandiol (2,3-BDO), and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) pathways consisting of one, three, and six genes, respectively. Each pathway gene was expressed under the control of the nar promoter. When the ldhD gene was expressed in fed-batch culture, the titer, yield, and productivity of d-lactate were 113.12 ± 2.37 g/L, 0.91 ± 0.07 g/g-glucose, and 4.19 ± 0.09 g/L/h, respectively. When three 2,3-BDO pathway genes (ilvBN, aldB, bdh1) were expressed in fed-batch culture, the titer, yield, and productivity of (R,R)-2,3-BDO were 48.0 ± 8.48 g/L, 0.43 ± 0.07 g/g glucose, and 0.76 ± 0.13 g/L/h, respectively. When six 1,3-PDO pathway genes (dhaB1B2B3, yqhD, gdrA, and gdrB) were expressed in fed-batch culture, the titer, yield, and productivity of 1,3-PDO were 15.8 ± 0.62 g/L, 0.35 ± 0.01 g/g-glycerol, and 0.25 ± 0.01 g/L/h, respectively. Based on the reasonable performance comparable to that observed in previous studies using different promoters in metabolic engineering, the nar promoter can serve as a controlled expression tool for developing a microbial system to efficiently produce biochemicals and biofuels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 468-473. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee J Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jin W Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Si Y Ju
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jin H Park
- BioMaterials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, South Korea
| | - Pyung C Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
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Li C, Tao F, Xu P. Carbon Flux Trapping: Highly Efficient Production of Polymer-Grade d-Lactic Acid with a Thermophilic d-Lactate Dehydrogenase. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1491-4. [PMID: 27237045 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High production of polymer-grade d-lactic acid is urgently required, particularly for the synthesis of polylactic acid. High-temperature fermentation has multiple advantages, such as lower equipment requirement and energy consumption, which are essential for lowering operating costs. We identified and introduced a unique d-lactate dehydrogenase into a thermotolerant butane-2,3-diol-producing strain. Carbon flux "trapping" was achieved by a "trapping point" created by combination of the introduced enzyme and the host efflux pump, which afforded irreversible transport of d-lactic acid. The overall carbon flux of the engineered strain was significantly enhanced and was redistributed predominantly to d-lactic acid. Under optimized conditions at 50 °C, d-lactic acid reached the highest titer (226.6 g L(-1) ) reported to date. This discovery allows us to extend the carbon flux trapping strategy to engineering complex metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic, and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic, and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic, and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Ku HJ, Park MS, Lee JH. Characterization of a minimal pKW2124 replicon from Weissella cibaria KLC140 and its application for the construction of the Weissella expression vector pKUCm1. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:35. [PMID: 25691882 PMCID: PMC4315094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2.1-kb plasmid was previously isolated from Weissella cibaria KLC140 in kimchi and cloned into pUC19 along with the slpA and gfp genes, resulting in an 8.6-kb pKWCSLGFP construct for use as a novel surface display vector. To reduce the size of the vector, the minimal replicon of pKW2124 was determined. The pKW2124 plasmid contains a putative origin of replication (ori), a potential ribosomal binding site (RBS), and the repA gene encoding a plasmid replication protein. To conduct the minimal replicon experiment, four different PCR products (MR1, ori+RBS+repA; MR2, RBS+repA; MR2’, repA; MR3, fragment of repA) were obtained and cloned into pUC19 (pKUCm1, pKUCm2, pKUCm2’, and pKUCm3, respectively) containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. These constructed vectors were electroporated into W. confusa ATCC 10881 with different transformation efficiencies of 1.5 × 105 CFU/μg, 1.3 × 101 CFU/μg, and no transformation, respectively, suggesting that the putative ori, RBS, and repA gene are essential for optimum plasmid replication. Subsequent segregational plasmid stability testing of pKUCm1 and pKUCm2 showed that the vector pKUCm1 is highly stable up to 100 generations but pKUCm2 was completely lost after 60 generations, suggesting that the putative ori may be important for plasmid stability in the host strain. In addition, a host range test of pKUCm1 revealed that it has a broad host range spectrum including Weissella, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and even Lactobacillus. To verify the application of pKUCm1, the β-galactosidase gene and its promoter region from W. cibaria KSD1 were cloned in the vector, resulting in pKUGal. Expression of the β-galactosidase gene was confirmed using blue-white screening after IPTG induction. The small and stable pKUGal vector will be useful for gene transfer, expression, and manipulation in the Weissella genome and in other lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Ku
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung UniversityAnyang, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ju-Hoon Lee, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, South Korea e-mail:
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Liu Y, Gao W, Zhao X, Wang J, Garza E, Manow R, Zhou S. Pilot scale demonstration of D-lactic acid fermentation facilitated by Ca(OH)2 using a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:559-565. [PMID: 25103032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain, HBUT-D (ΔpflB Δpta ΔfrdABCD ΔadhE Δald ΔcscR), was initially evaluated on a laboratory scale (7 L) in a glucose (130 g L(-1)) mineral salts medium for d-lactic acid fermentation using 6N KOH, Ca(OH)2 or NH4OH as the neutralizing agent. Fermentations neutralized by Ca(OH) 2 achieved a volumetric productivity of 6.35 g L(-1) h(-1), tripling that achieved by KOH (1.71 g L(-1) h(-1)) and NH4OH (1.5 g L(-1) h(-1)). The facilitative effect of Ca(OH)2 neutralization was then demonstrated on a pilot scale (6 ton vessel, 130 kg glucose ton(-1)), resulting in a volumetric productivity of 6 kg ton(-1) h(-1), a titer of 126 kg ton(-1), a yield of 97%, and an optical purity of 99.5%. These results demonstrated that E. coli HBUT-D is a promising strain for large scale d-lactic acid fermentation using mineral salts medium and Ca(OH)2 for neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Wa Gao
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Erin Garza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Ryan Manow
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Shengde Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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