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Qiu Y, Qiu Z, Xia J, Liu X, Zhang H, Yang Y, Hou W, Li X, He J. Co-expression of Xylose Transporter and Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase Enhances the Utilization of Xylose by Lactococcus lactis IO-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:816-831. [PMID: 36205844 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The raw material cost of lactic acid fermentation accounts for the main part of the production cost, and this necessitates the exploration of the efficient use of cheap raw materials in lactic acid production. We compared the outcomes of the homologous expressions of xylose transporters (xylFGH, xylE, araE, and xylT), 6-phosphofructokinase (pfkA), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (fbaA), and their co-expression in Lactococcus lactis IO-1 on lactic acid production using xylose as the raw material. We found that the production rate of lactic acid on xylose fermentation by L. lactis IO-1 overexpressing fbaA was the highest (14.42%). Among the xylose transporters investigated, XylT had the strongest xylose transport capacity in L. lactis IO-1, with an increase in the lactic acid production rate by 10.38%. The genes near the overexpression of fbaA or xylT in the metabolic pathway were more upregulated than the distant genes. The co-expression of fbaA and xylT increased the production rate of lactic acid by 27.84% on xylose fermentation by L. lactis IO-1. This work presents a novel strategy for the simultaneous enhancement of the expression of important genes at the beginning and midway of the xylose metabolic pathway of L. lactis IO-1, which could greatly improve the target production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejuan Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyi Hou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria naturally inhabit diverse environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Members of the genus are of considerable scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on health and, hence, their potential to be used as probiotics. By definition, probiotic cells need to be viable despite being exposed to several stressors in the course of their production, storage, and administration. Examples of common stressors encountered by probiotic bifidobacteria include oxygen, acid, and bile salts. As bifidobacteria are highly heterogenous in terms of their tolerance to these stressors, poor stability and/or robustness can hamper the industrial-scale production and commercialization of many strains. Therefore, interest in the stress physiology of bifidobacteria has intensified in recent decades, and many studies have been established to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their stability and robustness. By complementing traditional methodologies, omics technologies have opened new avenues for enhancing the understanding of the defense mechanisms of bifidobacteria against stress. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the current knowledge on the multilayered responses of bifidobacteria to stressors, including the most recent insights and hypotheses. We address the prevailing stressors that may affect the cell viability during production and use as probiotics. Besides phenotypic effects, molecular mechanisms that have been found to underlie the stress response are described. We further discuss strategies that can be applied to improve the stability of probiotic bifidobacteria and highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schöpping
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Chen J, Chen X, Ho CL. Recent Development of Probiotic Bifidobacteria for Treating Human Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:770248. [PMID: 35004640 PMCID: PMC8727868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic actinobacterium and commonly found in the gut of infants and the uterine region of pregnant mothers. Like all probiotics, Bifidobacteria confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, showing multifaceted probiotic effects. Examples include B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum, common Bifidobacterium strains employed to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, including intestinal infections and cancers. Herein, we review the latest development in probiotic Bifidobacteria research, including studies on the therapeutic impact of Bifidobacterial species on human health and recent efforts in engineering Bifidobacterium. This review article would provide readers with a wholesome understanding of Bifidobacteria and its potentials to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China
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Mei Y, Chen H, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Linoleic Acid Triggered a Metabolomic Stress Condition in Three Species of Bifidobacteria Characterized by Different Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Abilities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11311-11321. [PMID: 34523917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abundant conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) producers exist among Bifidobacterium species. This CLA production is related to the mitigation of LA toxicity. However, there is still a lack of information on the metabolic response underlying this detoxification strategy. In this study, six bifidobacteria strains belonging to three different species were used to characterize growth and CLA accumulation in the presence of LA. A combination of non-targeted metabolomics techniques and biochemical indicators were used to explore metabolic profile changes in response to LA and the expression of important factors driving CLA production in Bifidobacterium species. The results suggested that free LA had growth inhibitory effects on bifidobacteria, resulting in a global metabolic stress response that caused metabolic reprogramming on all tested strains and promoted malondialdehyde production, inducing a redox imbalance. In particular, a strong decrease in reduced glutathione level was observed in Bifidobacterium breve CCFM683 [log2(FC) = -3.29]. Furthermore, LA-induced oxidative stress is an important factor driving high CLA production in certain strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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Yan M, Wang BH, Sang J, Zhou Y, Wang G, Tabrac HT, der Meister TJ, Yu Y, Miao J, Liu Z, You C. Potential of Changchong pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Changchong) to improve the growth and survival of probiotic lactobacilli strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Engineer probiotic bifidobacteria for food and biomedical applications - Current status and future prospective. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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He J, Liu X, Xia J, Xu J, Xiong P, Qiu Z. One-step utilization of non-detoxified pretreated lignocellulose for enhanced cellulolytic enzyme production using recombinant Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 carrying alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123458. [PMID: 32380436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth of Trichoderma reesei is greatly inhibited by furan derivatives (furfural and HMF) generated during pretreatment of lignocellulose, and the cellulase production is hence suppressed. In this study, a novel recombinant strain of T. reesei with high tolerance to furans was constructed by homologously co-expressing nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase. We observed that furfural had a stronger inhibitory effect than HMF and cellulase production was decreased by 35% in T. reesei with the stress of 2.5 mM furfural. The activities of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase increased 8.6-fold and 2.9-fold in the recombinant strain, respectively. Furfural was effectively converted into furfuryl alcohol which was then depleted, thus the production of cellulase could be recovered when the recombinant strain was grown in 5% (w/v) two-step stem explosion pretreated rice straw without detoxification. This work presents an important strategy for efficient enzyme production in T. reesei from non-detoxified pretreated lignocellulose feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Huai'an Biomass Green Energy Co., Ltd, 9 Haikou Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active, Halotolerant Endoxylanase from Echinicola rosea sp. Nov. JL3085 T. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050245. [PMID: 32384803 PMCID: PMC7281462 DOI: 10.3390/md18050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned a xylanase gene (xynT) from marine bacterium Echinicola rosea sp. nov. JL3085T and recombinantly expressed it in Escherichia coli BL21. This gene encoded a polypeptide with 379 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of ~43 kDa. Its amino acid sequence shared 45.3% similarity with an endoxylanase from Cellvibrio mixtus that belongs to glycoside hydrolases family 10 (GH10). The XynT showed maximum activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0, and a maximum velocity of 62 μmoL min−1 mg−1. The XynT retained its maximum activity by more than 69%, 51%, and 26% at 10 °C, 5 °C, and 0 °C, respectively. It also exhibited the highest activity of 135% in the presence of 4 M NaCl and retained 76% of its activity after 24 h incubation with 4 M NaCl. This novel xylanase, XynT, is a cold-active and halotolerant enzyme that may have promising applications in drug, food, feed, and bioremediation industries.
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9
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Senizza A, Rocchetti G, Callegari ML, Lucini L, Morelli L. Linoleic acid induces metabolic stress in the intestinal microorganism Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5997. [PMID: 32265475 PMCID: PMC7138814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical and research interest in the health implications of the conjugation of linoleic acid (LA) by bifidobacteria, the detailed metabolic pathway and physiological reasons underlying the process remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate, at the molecular level, how LA affects the metabolism of Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213 as a model for the well-known LA conjugation phenotype of this species. The mechanisms involved and the meaning of the metabolic changes caused by LA to B. breve DSM 20213 are unclear due to the lack of comprehensive information regarding the responses of B. breve DSM 20213 under different environmental conditions. Therefore, for the first time, an untargeted metabolomics-based approach was used to depict the main changes in the metabolic profiles of B. breve DSM 20213. Both supervised and unsupervised statistical methods applied to the untargeted metabolomic data allowed confirming the metabolic changes of B. breve DSM 20213 when exposed to LA. In particular, alterations to the amino-acid, carbohydrate and fatty-acid biosynthetic pathways were observed at the stationary phase of growth curve. Among others, significant up-regulation trends were detected for aromatic (such as tyrosine and tryptophan) and sulfur amino acids (i.e., methionine and cysteine). Besides confirming the conjugation of LA, metabolomics suggested a metabolic reprogramming during the whole growth curve and an imbalance in redox status following LA exposure. Such redox stress resulted in the down-accumulation of peroxide scavengers such as low-molecular-weight thiols (glutathione- and mycothiol-related compounds) and ascorbate precursors, together with the up-accumulation of oxidized (hydroxy- and epoxy-derivatives) forms of fatty acids. Consistently, growth was reduced and the levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were higher in LA-exposed B. breve DSM 20213 than in the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Callegari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
- Centre for Research on Biotechnology (CRB), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Milano 24, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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10
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Park J, Kim EB. Differences in microbiome and virome between cattle and horses in the same farm. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1042-1055. [PMID: 32054207 PMCID: PMC7206377 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The ecosystem of an animal farm is composed of various elements, such as animals, farmers, plants, feed, soil, and microorganisms. A domesticated animal’s health is largely connected with the reservoir of bacteria and viruses in animal farms. Although a few studies have focused on exploring the gut microbiome of animals, communities of microbiota and viruses in feedlots have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods Here, we collected feces and dust samples (4 groups: cattle feces, C_F; horse feces, H_F; cattle dust, C_D; and horse dust, H_D) from cattle and horse farms sharing the same housing and investigated their microbiome/virome communities by Illumina sequencing. Results Dust groups (C_D and H_D) showed higher microbial diversity than feces groups (C_F and H_F) regardless of animal species. From the microbial community analysis, all the samples from the four groups have major phyla such as Proteobacteria (min 37.1% to max 42.8%), Firmicutes (19.1% to 24.9%), Bacteroidetes (10.6% to 22.1%), and Actinobacteria (6.1% to 20.5%). The abundance of Streptococcus, which commonly recognized as equine pathogens, was significantly higher in the horse group (H_D and H_F). Over 99% among the classified virome reads were classified as Caudovirales, a group of tailed bacteriophages, in all four groups. Foot-and-mouth disease virus and equine adenovirus, which cause deadly diseases in cattle and horse, respectively, were not detected. Conclusion Our results will provide baseline information to understand different gut and environmental microbial ecology between two livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Terpou A, Papadaki A, Lappa IK, Kachrimanidou V, Bosnea LA, Kopsahelis N. Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1591. [PMID: 31337060 PMCID: PMC6683253 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during the development of functional food products. Several factors have been claimed to be responsible for reducing the viability of probiotics including matrix acidity, level of oxygen in products, presence of other lactic acid bacteria, and sensitivity to metabolites produced by other competing bacteria. Several approaches are undertaken to improve and sustain microbial cell viability, like strain selection, immobilization technologies, synbiotics development etc. Among them, cell immobilization in various carriers, including composite carrier matrix systems has recently attracted interest targeting to protect probiotics from different types of environmental stress (e.g., pH and heat treatments). Likewise, to successfully deliver the probiotics in the large intestine, cells must survive food processing and storage, and withstand the stress conditions encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the appropriate selection of probiotics and their effective delivery remains a technological challenge with special focus on sustaining the viability of the probiotic culture in the formulated product. Development of synbiotic combinations exhibits another approach of functional food to stimulate the growth of probiotics. The aim of the current review is to summarize the strategies and the novel techniques adopted to enhance the viability of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Terpou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Iliada K Lappa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Loulouda A Bosnea
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Dairy Department, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
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Satoh T, Todoroki M, Kobayashi K, Niimura Y, Kawasaki S. Purified thioredoxin reductase from O 2-sensitive Bifidobacterium bifidum degrades H 2O 2 by interacting with alkyl hydroperoxide reductase. Anaerobe 2019; 57:45-54. [PMID: 30880149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is beneficial for host health and exhibits different O2 sensitivity levels among species or strains via unknown mechanisms. Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1255T, a type species of Bifidobacterium, is an O2-sensitive bacterium that can grow under low-O2 (5%) conditions, and the growth of this species is inhibited under high-O2 conditions (10% ∼) with accumulation of H2O2. We previously reported that NADH or NAD(P)H oxidase-active fractions were detected during purification using microaerobically grown B. bifidum cells, and the active enzyme was purified from the NADH oxidase-active fraction. The purified enzyme was identified as b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODb) and characterized as a dominant H2O2 producer in B. bifidum. In this study, we performed further purification of the enzyme from the NAD(P)H oxidase-active fraction and characterized the purified enzyme as a part of the H2O2 degradation system in B. bifidum. This purified enzyme was identified as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR); the NAD(P)H oxidase activity of this enzyme was not expressed in anaerobically grown B. bifidum, and mRNA expression was induced by O2 exposure. Furthermore, the purified B. bifidum TrxR interacted with recombinant alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (rAhpC) and exhibited NAD(P)H peroxidase activity. These results suggest that TrxR responds to O2 and protects B. bifidum from oxidative stress by degrading H2O2 via the TrxR-AhpC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Satoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Niimura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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O 2-inducible H 2O 2-forming NADPH oxidase is responsible for the hyper O 2 sensitivity of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10750. [PMID: 30013208 PMCID: PMC6048055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are beneficial anaerobes, and their O2 sensitivity levels differ among species as a function of unknown molecular mechanisms. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), a predominant colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of infants, showed a hyper O2-sensitive growth profile with accompanying a production of H2O2. In this study, we characterized an NADPH oxidase as a key enzyme responsible for this microbe’s hyper O2 sensitivity. A dominant active elution peak of H2O2-forming NADPH oxidase activity was detected in the first step of column chromatography, and the purified NADPH oxidase (NPOX) was identified as a homolog of nitroreductase family proteins. The introduction of the gene encoding B. infantis NPOX (npoxA) into O2-tolerant Bifidobacterium minimum made the strain O2 sensitive and allowed it to produce H2O2. Knockout of the npoxA gene in B. infantis decreased the production of H2O2 and mitigated its B. infantis hyper O2 sensitivity. A transcript of B. infantis npoxA is induced by O2, suggesting that the aerobic production of toxic H2O2 is functionally conserved in B. infantis.
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Tahoun A, Masutani H, El-Sharkawy H, Gillespie T, Honda RP, Kuwata K, Inagaki M, Yabe T, Nomura I, Suzuki T. Capsular polysaccharide inhibits adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum 105-A to enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and phagocytosis by macrophages. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:27. [PMID: 28469711 PMCID: PMC5412050 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacterium longum 105-A produces markedly high amounts of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) that should play distinct roles in bacterial–host interactions. To identify the biological function of B. longum 105-A CPS/EPS, we carried out an informatics survey of the genome and identified the EPS-encoding genetic locus of B. longum 105-A that is responsible for the production of CPS/EPS. The role of CPS/EPS in the adaptation to gut tract environment and bacteria-gut cell interactions was investigated using the ΔcpsD mutant. Results A putative B. longum 105-A CPS/EPS gene cluster was shown to consist of 24 putative genes encoding a priming glycosyltransferase (cpsD), 7 glycosyltransferases, 4 CPS/EPS synthesis machinery proteins, and 3 dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis enzymes. These enzymes should form a complex system that is involved in the biogenesis of CPS and/or EPS. To confirm this, we constructed a knockout mutant (ΔcpsD) by a double cross-over homologous recombination. Compared to wild-type, the ∆cpsD mutant showed a similar growth rate. However, it showed quicker sedimentation and formation of cell clusters in liquid culture. EPS was secreted by the ∆cpsD mutant, but had altered monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. Comparison of the morphology of B. longum 105-A wild-type and ∆cpsD by negative staining in light and electron microscopy revealed that the formation of fimbriae is drastically enhanced in the ∆cpsD mutant while the B. longum 105-A wild-type was coated by a thick capsule. The fimbriae expression in the ∆cpsD was closely associated with the disappearance of the CPS layer. The wild-type showed low pH tolerance, adaptation, and bile salt tolerance, but the ∆cpsD mutant had lost this survivability in gastric and duodenal environments. The ∆cpsD mutant was extensively able to bind to the human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line and was phagocytosed by murine macrophage RAW 264.7, whereas the wild-type did not bind to epithelial cells and totally resisted internalization by macrophages. Conclusions Our results suggest that CPS/EPS production and fimbriae formation are negatively correlated and play key roles in the survival, attachment, and colonization of B. longum 105-A in the gut. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0177-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tahoun
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Hisayoshi Masutani
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Trudi Gillespie
- CALM_live Imaging Facility, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Ryo P Honda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Department of Gene and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mizuho Inagaki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Izumi Nomura
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
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15
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Wang HK, Ng YK, Koh E, Yao L, Chien AS, Lin HX, Lee YK. RNA-Seq reveals transcriptomic interactions of Bacillus subtilis natto and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in whole soybean solid-state co-fermentation. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:25-32. [PMID: 26187824 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are anaerobes and are difficult to culture in conventional fermentation system. It was observed that Bacillus subtilis natto enhanced growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis v9 by about 3-fold in a whole soybean solid-state co-fermentation, in a non-anaerobic condition. For the purpose of understanding the metabolic interactions between Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto, the transcriptome of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto was analyzed in single and mixed cultures using RNA-Seq. Compared with the single culture, 459 genes of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 were up regulated and 21 were down regulated in the mixed culture with Ba. subtilis natto, with more than 2-fold difference. Predictive metagenomic analyses suggested that Ba. subtilis natto up regulated transport functions, complex carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism, DNA repair, oxydative stress-related functions, and cell growth of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9. In the mixed culture with Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9, only 3 transcripts of Ba. subtilis natto were over-expressed and 3115 were under-expressed with more than 2-fold difference. The highest down-regulated genes were those involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The data presented here demonstrated a parasitic-like interaction regulated at the transcription level, between Ba. subtilis natto and Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture. The over-expression of genes involved in substrate uptake and metabolism in Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture nevertheless, led to its higher cell concentration in the nutrient rich whole soybean medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kai Ng
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Koh
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina Yao
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ang Sze Chien
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Rodríguez E, Peirotén Á, Landete JM, Medina M, Arqués JL. Gut Catalase-Positive Bacteria Cross-Protect Adjacent Bifidobacteria from Oxidative Stress. Microbes Environ 2015; 30:270-2. [PMID: 26040451 PMCID: PMC4567566 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria isolated from infant gut and breast milk exhibited different abilities to grow under microaerobic conditions, alone or in the presence of added catalase. In the present study, we demonstrated that some Bifidobacterium strains unable to grow under microaerobic conditions were cross-protected on solid media from oxidative stress by adjacent colonies of gut catalase-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis or Escherichia coli, but not by a catalase-deficient E. coli. The results of this study support the possible contribution of catalase-positive bacteria to the establishment of certain bifidobacteria in non-anaerobic human niches of the infant gastrointestinal tract or mammary gland.
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17
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Functional analysis of bifidobacterial promoters in Bifidobacterium longum and Escherichia coli using the α-galactosidase gene as a reporter. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Zuo F, Yu R, Khaskheli GB, Ma H, Chen L, Zeng Z, Mao A, Chen S. Homologous overexpression of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (ahpC) protects Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 from oxidative stress. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:581-9. [PMID: 24953679 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manage reactive oxygen species (ROS) effectively is crucial for the survival of gut bifidobacteria under conditions of oxidative stress. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase catalytic subunit C (ahpC) of Bifidobacterium longum responds to various oxidative stresses. In this study, an ahpC-overexpressing transformant of B. longum strain NCC2705 was constructed to investigate the role and function of ahpC in oxidative stresses inflicted by treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cumene hydroperoxide, and aerobic oxygen. Results indicated that in B. longum, AhpC is the primary scavenger of endogenous H2O2 generated by aerobic metabolism, but it is unable to detoxify high concentrations of exogenous H2O2. The ahpC-overexpressing B. longum strain showed increased resistance to organic hydroperoxide killing, increased viability under aerobic growth, but decreased resistance to exogenous H2O2 in comparison to the control strain. Analysis of genes from the oxidative stress-defense pathway encoding oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (HemN), NADH oxidase (Nox) and thioredoxin reductase-like protein (TrxB) showed increased transcript levels in the ahpC-overexpressing vs. control strain. These findings suggest that elevated ahpC expression facilitates or activates the different electron donor-dependent ROS-elimination pathways in B. longum's response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- FangLei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Gul Bahar Khaskheli
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - HuiQin Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - LiLi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - AiJun Mao
- Beijing Agricultural Function Microbial Engineering and Technology Center, No. 1 Li'ersi Industrial Area, Zhangjiawan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101113, PR China.
| | - ShangWu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Agricultural Function Microbial Engineering and Technology Center, No. 1 Li'ersi Industrial Area, Zhangjiawan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101113, PR China.
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19
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Zuo F, Yu R, Feng X, Khaskheli GB, Chen L, Ma H, Chen S. Combination of heterogeneous catalase and superoxide dismutase protects Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 from oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7523-34. [PMID: 24903816 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are generally sensitive to oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). To improve oxidative-stress tolerance, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene from Streptococcus thermophilus (StSodA) and the heme-dependent catalase (KAT) gene from Lactobacillus plantarum (LpKatL) were heterologously expressed in Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705. Three types of strain NCC2705 transformants were obtained: with transgenic SOD expression, with transgenic KAT expression, and with coexpression of the two genes. Intracellular expression of the genes and their functional role in oxidative-stress resistance were evaluated. In response to oxidative stress, B. longum NCC2705/pDP401-LpKatL (expressing LpKatL) and NCC2705/pDP-Kat-Sod (coexpressing LpKatL and StSodA) rapidly degraded exogenous H2O2 and the peroxides generated as a byproduct of aerobic cultivation, preventing oxidative damage to DNA and RNA. Individual expression of StSodA or LpKatL both improved B. longum NCC2705 cell viability. Survival rate of strain NCC2705 was further improved by combining SOD and KAT expression. The two enzymes played complementary roles in ROS-scavenging pathways, and coexpression led to a synergistic beneficial effect under conditions of intensified oxidative stress. Our results illustrate that heterogeneous expression of heme-dependent KAT and Mn(2+)-dependent SOD is functional in the B. longum oxidative-stress response, and synergistic protection is achieved when their expressions are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Chinese Ministry of Education and Municipal Government of Beijing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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20
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Expression of catalase in Lactobacillus fermentum and evaluation of its anti-oxidative properties in a dextran sodium sulfate induced mouse colitis model. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:2293-301. [PMID: 23783813 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are generally sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14431 is one of the few lactic acid bacteria able to degrade H₂O₂ through the action of a manganese-dependent catalase (containing the katA gene). However, it is not a natural inhabitant of the intestinal tract and its bio-efficacy and survival in the gastrointestinal tract have never been tested. In this study, we successfully expressed the katA gene from L. plantarum ATCC14431 in L. fermentum I5007 and the recombinant L. fermentum exhibited almost 20-fold higher catalase activity than the empty vector control. The anti-oxidative properties of this catalase-producing L. fermentum were evaluated using a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis mice model. Compared with the control, mice receiving DSS alone had increased diarrhea and mucosa histological scores (P < 0.05), as well as lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05), and active NF-κB in colonic tissue (P < 0.05). Similar to vitamin E, treatment with recombinant L. fermentum mitigate these effects accompanied by a improvement in mucosa histological scores in the proximal colon (P < 0.05) and decreased lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05) and active NF-κB in colonic tissue (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the expression of catalase in L. fermentum increased its ability to survive when exposed to aerated environment in vitro and conferred the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS induced colitis model.
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21
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Sakaguchi K, Funaoka N, Tani S, Hobo A, Mitsunaga T, Kano Y, Suzuki T. The pyrE Gene as a Bidirectional Selection Marker in Bifidobacterium Longum 105-A. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2013; 32:59-68. [PMID: 24936363 PMCID: PMC4034322 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.32.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a deletion mutant of the pyrE gene in
Bifidobacterium longum 105-A. A pyrE knockout cassette
was cloned into pKKT427, a Bifidobacterium-Escherichia
coli shuttle vector, and then introduced into B. longum 105-A
by electroporation. The transformants were propagated and spread onto MRS plates
containing 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) and uracil. 5-FOA-resistant mutants were obtained
at a frequency of 4.7 × 10−5 integrations per cell. To perform
pyrE gene complementation, the pyrE gene was amplified
by PCR and used to construct a complementation plasmid
(pKKT427-pyrE+). B. longum 105-A
∆pyrE harboring this plasmid could not grow on MRS plates containing
5-FOA, uracil and spectinomycin. We also developed a chemically defined medium
(bifidobacterial minimal medium; BMM) containing inorganic salts, glucose, vitamins,
isoleucine and tyrosine for positive selection of pyrE transformants.
B. longum 105-A ∆pyrE could not grow on BMM agar, but
the same strain harboring pKKT427-pyrE+ could. Thus,
pyrE can be used as a counterselection marker in
B. longum 105-A and potentially other Bifidobacterium
species as well. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this system by constructing a
knockout mutant of the xynF gene in B. longum 105-A by
using the pyrE gene as a counterselection marker. This
pyrE-based selection system will contribute to genetic studies of
bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Sakaguchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Funaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Saori Tani
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Aya Hobo
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Kano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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