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Uzdenov MB, Uzdenova AI, Katchieva PK, Kharaeva ZF, Azamatova EK, Efimov BA, Smeianov VV. Methodology for Integral Study of Antagonistic Activity of Normal Nasal Microbiota to Select Potential Probiotics Efficient in Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05840-z. [PMID: 37466851 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a methodology for the integral study of the antagonistic activity of normal human microbiota against Staphylococcus aureus to enable direct selection (without prior isolation of pure cultures) of potentially highly efficient probiotic preparations. The selection of bacterial representatives of normal human nasal microbiota capable of antagonizing S. aureus was carried out using two complimentary methods: replica-plating and deferred antagonism procedures. The material of the anterior nares from healthy human subjects was plated onto the surface of different nutrient media agar plates followed by incubation under appropriate conditions. The grown bacterial colonies were replica-plated to Petri dishes with nutrient agar overlayed with a thin layer of a soft agar which contained the culture of an indicator S. aureus strain. This agar also supported the growth of potential probiotic strains. The potential probiotic strains were selected by their ability to suppress the growth of S. aureus around their colonies. Most active strains-inhibitors may be used to develop probiotic preparations with targeted activity against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Uzdenov
- Medical Institute, North-Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia
| | - A I Uzdenova
- Republican Perinatal Center, Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia
| | - P Kh Katchieva
- Institute of Development of Biotechnology, Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia
| | - Z F Kharaeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Kh. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia
| | - E K Azamatova
- Republican Children Clinical Hospital, Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia
| | - B A Efimov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Smeianov
- Medical Institute, North-Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia.
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Tse TJ, Shen J, Shim YY, Reaney MJT. Changes in Bacterial Populations and Their Metabolism over 90 Sequential Cultures on Wheat-Based Thin Stillage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4717-4729. [PMID: 32138511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat-based thin stillage (W-TS) is a liquid co-product of wheat fermentation for ethanol production, which typically contains substantial amounts of glycerol. Two-stage fermentation, via endemic microorganisms, can be used in processes to convert this compound to more valuable products and simplify the enrichment process through the clarification of the medium and concentration of particles as a protein-rich concentrate. We recultured bacteria 90 times (72 h at 37 °C) on fresh W-TS to determine the stability of the culture and metabolic processes. Next-generation sequencing of W-TS revealed the presence of a predominant Lactobacillus community that rapidly displaced competing microorganisms (e.g., Pediococcus) in subsequent fermentations. These organisms produced bacteriocins (e.g., helveticin J, interpreted through the presence of bacteriocin genes) and acidified the fermentation broth (through the production of succinic acid: 1.7 g/L, lactic acid: 1.8 g/L, and acetic acid: 4.1 g/L). Furthermore, the microbial community produced cobalamin (inferred through sequencing) and converted glycerol (10 g/L reduced to 3.5 g/L after 72 h) to 1,3-propanediol (6.1 g/L after 72 h). Altogether, Lactobacilli were identified as the predominant endemic microorganisms in W-TS after the first 10 cultures. The community was stable and provided a novel approach to increase the value of organic solutes in W-TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jianheng Shen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Selenite Cystine Agar for Enumeration of Inoculated Salmonella Serovars Recovered from Stressful Conditions During Antimicrobial Validation Studies. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030338. [PMID: 32121173 PMCID: PMC7142447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Process validation studies often require the inoculation of select foodborne pathogens into targeted foods to determine the lethality of the process or antimicrobial ingredients, and quantitative recovery of surviving inoculum bacteria helps to make those assessments. Such processes introduce various stressors on the inoculated challenge microorganisms whereby traditional selective media are too harsh to enumerate the remaining viable and injured population quantitatively. Innate antibiotic resistance of challenge organisms has often been used to establish simple selective media (i.e., Tryptic Soy Agar/TSA + antibiotics) for recovering inoculated strains, but sometimes antibiotic resistant background microorganisms are higher than desired. Salmonella Thompson 120, Salmonella Heidelberg F5038BG1, Salmonella Hadar MF60404, Salmonella Enteritidis H3527, and Salmonella Typhimurium H3380 were characterized for antibiotic resistance and acid adaptation in Tryptic Soy Broth containing 0%, 0.25%, or 1.0% glucose. Sodium pyruvate was evaluated for recovery after stress but no enhancing effect was observed, possibly because the strains were acid-adapted. Selenite Cystine Broth, traditionally used as a selective enrichment broth, was used as the basis for Selenite Cystine Agar (SCA) in combination with three antibiotics to which our Salmonella are resistant. Serovars of Salmonella, both individually and in mixtures, were enumerated on TSA, SCA, Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD), and Hektoen Enteric (HE) selective agars (all containing the same antibiotics) after conditions of nutrient starvation, desiccation, acid stress, and thermal stress. The data show that quantitative enumeration of our Salmonella serovars on SCA was not significantly different (p > 0.05) than those achieved on TSA for all tested stress categories. Levels of Salmonella enumerated on XLD and/or HE were significantly different (p < 0.05) than on TSA and SCA and often more than 1-2-log lower, consistent with the inhibition of injured cells. These data confirm that SCA (+ antibiotics) is a suitable selective medium for enumeration of these acid-adapted Salmonella serovars as challenge organisms recovered from various conditions of stress.
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Kelleher P, Mahony J, Bottacini F, Lugli GA, Ventura M, van Sinderen D. The Lactococcus lactis Pan-Plasmidome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:707. [PMID: 31019500 PMCID: PMC6458302 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are autonomous, self-replicating, extrachromosomal genetic elements that are typically not essential for growth of their host. They may encode metabolic capabilities, which promote the maintenance of these genetic elements, and may allow adaption to specific ecological niches and consequently enhance survival. Genome sequencing of 16 Lactococcus lactis strains revealed the presence of 83 plasmids, including two megaplasmids. The limitations of Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencing in detecting the total plasmid complement of lactococcal strains is examined, while a combined Illumina/SMRT sequencing approach is proposed to combat these issues. Comparative genome analysis of these plasmid sequences combined with other publicly available plasmid sequence data allowed the definition of the lactococcal plasmidome, and facilitated an investigation into (bio) technologically important plasmid-encoded traits such as conjugation, bacteriocin production, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and (bacterio) phage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kelleher
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gabriele A. Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances of enological importance produced by Oenococcus oeni isolated from wine. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Microbiological characterization of çiğ köfte sold at retail in Ankara, Turkey, and evaluation of selected antimicrobials as ingredients to control foodborne pathogens in çiğ köfte during refrigerated storage. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cintas LM, Casaus MP, Herranz C, Nes IF, Hernández PE. Review: Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/r8de-p6hu-clxp-5ryt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, a large number of new bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been identified and characterized. LAB-bacteriocins comprise a heterogeneous group of physicochemically diverse ribosomally-synthesized peptides or proteins showing a narrow or broad antimicrobial activity spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocins are classified into separate groups such as the lantibiotics (Class I); the small (<10 kDa) heat-stable postranslationally unmodified non-lantibiotics (Class II), further subdivided in the pediocin-like and anti Listeria bacteriocins (subclass IIa), the two-peptide bacteriocins (subclass IIb), and the sec-dependent bacteriocins (subclass IIc); and the large (>30 kDa) heat-labile non-lantibiotics (Class III). Most bacteriocins characterized to date belong to Class II and are synthesized as precursor peptides (preprobacteriocins) containing an N-terminal double-glycine leader peptide, which is cleaved off concomitantly with externalization of biologically active bacteriocins by a dedicated ABC-transporter and its accessory protein. However, the recently identified sec-dependent bacteriocins contain an N-terminal signal peptide that directs bacteriocin secretion through the general secretory pathway (GSP). Most LAB-bacteriocins act on sensitive cells by destabilization and permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of transitory poration complexes or ionic channels that cause the reduction or dissipation of the proton motive force (PMF). Bacteriocin producing LAB strains protect themselves against the toxicity of their own bacteriocins by the expression of a specific immunity protein which is generally encoded in the bacteriocin operon. Bacteriocin production in LAB is frequently regulated by a three-component signal transduction system consisting of an induction factor (IF), and histidine protein kinase (HPK) and a response regulator (RR). This paper presents an updated review on the general knowledge about physicochemical properties, molecular mode of action, biosynthesis, regulation and genetics of LAB-bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. P. Casaus
- Carrefour, Departamento de Marcas Propias, Área de Calidad, Campezo 16, 28022 Madrid
| | - C. Herranz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. F. Nes
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5051, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - P. E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Henning C, Vijayakumar P, Adhikari R, Jagannathan B, Gautam D, Muriana PM. Isolation and Taxonomic Identity of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Retail Foods and Animal Sources. Microorganisms 2015; 3:80-93. [PMID: 27682080 PMCID: PMC5023227 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocin-producing (Bac+) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from a variety of food products and animal sources. Samples were enriched in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) Lactocilli broth and plated onto MRS agar plates using a “sandwich overlay” technique. Inhibitory activity was detected by the “deferred antagonism” indicator overlay method using Listeria monocytogenes as the primary indicator organism. Antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes was detected by 41 isolates obtained from 23 of 170 food samples (14%) and 11 of 110 samples from animal sources (10%) tested. Isolated Bac+ LAB included Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus curvatus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus acidilactici, as well as Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, and Enterococcus thailandicus. In addition to these, two Gram-negative bacteria were isolated (Serratia plymuthica, and Serratia ficaria) that demonstrated inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (S. ficaria additionally showed activity against Salmonella Typhimurium). These data continue to demonstrate that despite more than a decade of antimicrobial interventions on meats and produce, a wide variety of food products still contain Bac+ microbiota that are likely eaten by consumers and may have application as natural food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Henning
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Paul Vijayakumar
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Raj Adhikari
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Badrinath Jagannathan
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Dhiraj Gautam
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Peter M Muriana
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, Oklahoma State University, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
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Anjum N, Maqsood S, Masud T, Ahmad A, Sohail A, Momin A. Lactobacillus acidophilus: Characterization of the Species and Application in Food Production. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.621169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Snyder AB, Worobo RW. Chemical and genetic characterization of bacteriocins: antimicrobial peptides for food safety. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:28-44. [PMID: 23818338 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are produced across all domains of life. Among these diverse compounds, those produced by bacteria have been most successfully applied as agents of biocontrol in food and agriculture. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized, proteinaceous compounds that inhibit the growth of closely related bacteria. Even within the subcategory of bacteriocins, the peptides vary significantly in terms of the gene cluster responsible for expression, and chemical and structural composition. The polycistronic gene cluster generally includes a structural gene and various combinations of immunity, secretion, and regulatory genes and modifying enzymes. Chemical variation can exist in amino acid identity, chain length, secondary and tertiary structural features, as well as specificity of active sites. This diversity posits bacteriocins as potential antimicrobial agents with a range of functions and applications. Those produced by food-grade bacteria and applied in normally occurring concentrations can be used as GRAS-status food additives. However, successful application requires thorough characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
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Ogilvie LA, Firouzmand S, Jones BV. Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome. Bioeng Bugs 2012; 3:13-31. [PMID: 22126801 PMCID: PMC3329251 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.3.1.17883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous mobile genetic elements (MGE) are associated with the human gut microbiota and collectively referred to as the gut mobile metagenome. The role of this flexible gene pool in development and functioning of the gut microbial community remains largely unexplored, yet recent evidence suggests that at least some MGE comprising this fraction of the gut microbiome reflect the co-evolution of host and microbe in the gastro-intestinal tract. In conjunction, the high level of novel gene content typical of MGE coupled with their predicted high diversity, suggests that the mobile metagenome constitutes an immense and largely unexplored gene-space likely to encode many novel activities with potential biotechnological or pharmaceutical value, as well as being important to the development and functioning of the gut microbiota. Of the various types of MGE that comprise the gut mobile metagenome, plasmids are of particular importance since these elements are often capable of autonomous transfer between disparate bacterial species, and are known to encode accessory functions that increase bacterial fitness in a given environment facilitating bacterial adaptation. In this article current knowledge regarding plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome is reviewed, and available strategies to access and characterize this portion of the gut microbiome are described. The relative merits of these methods and their present as well as prospective impact on our understanding of the human gut microbiota is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Ogilvie
- Centre for Biomedical and Health Science Research, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Bruno ME, Montville TJ. Common mechanistic action of bacteriocins from lactic Acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:3003-10. [PMID: 16349044 PMCID: PMC182399 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.9.3003-3010.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of four bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria on the proton motive force (PMF) of sensitive organisms was investigated. Pediocin PA-1 (20 mug/ml) and leuconocin S (48.5 mug/ml) mediated total or major PMF dissipation of energized Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as has been shown for nisin. Lactacin F (13.5 mug/ml) caused 87% PMF depletion of energized Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797 cells, also in a concentration-dependent fashion. The energy requirements for the activity of these four bacteriocins were determined by using the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin to carry out partial and specific deenergization of the target organisms. Pediocin PA-1, leuconocin S, and lactacin F acted in an energy-independent manner, whereas the activity of nisin was confirmed to be energy dependent. These results together with published reports on other bacteriocins suggest that the bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria share a common mechanism, the depletion of PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bruno
- Department of Food Science, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0231
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O'sullivan DJ, Klaenhammer TR. Rapid Mini-Prep Isolation of High-Quality Plasmid DNA from Lactococcus and Lactobacillus spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:2730-3. [PMID: 16349028 PMCID: PMC182348 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.8.2730-2733.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid plasmid mini-prep procedure for lactococci and lactobacilli which gives high yields and can be performed on overnight broth cultures is presented. Large plasmids were isolated from both lactococci and lactobacilli, including a 70-kb plasmid from Lactobacillus acidophilus C7. The purity of the resulting plasmid DNA makes it suitable for subsequent molecular manipulations. The convenience of the technique makes this rapid mini-prep procedure suitable for routine plasmid isolation from lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J O'sullivan
- Department of Food Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624
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Jones BV. The human gut mobile metagenome: a metazoan perspective. Gut Microbes 2010; 1:415-31. [PMID: 21468227 PMCID: PMC3056110 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.1.6.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the culture independent TRACA system in conjunction with a comparative metagenomic approach, we have recently explored the pool of plasmids associated with the human gut mobile metagenome. This revealed that some plasmids or plasmid families are present in the gut microbiomes of geographically isolated human hosts with a broad global distribution (America, Japan and Europe), and are potentially unique to the human gut microbiome. Functions encoded by the most widely distributed plasmid (pTRACA22) were found to be enriched in the human gut microbiome when compared to microbial communities from other environments, and of particular interest was the increased prevalence of a putative RelBE toxin-antitoxin (TA) addiction module. Subsequent analysis revealed that this was most closely related to putative TA modules from gut associated bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes, but homologues of the RelE toxin were associated with all major bacterial divisions comprising the human gut microbiota. In this addendum, functions of the gut mobile metagenome are considered from the perspective of the human host, and within the context of the hologenome theory of human evolution. In doing so, our original analysis is also extended to include the gut metagenomes of a further 124 individuals comprising the METAHIT dataset. Differences in the incidence and relative abundance of pTRACA22 and associated TA modules between healthy individuals and those with inflammatory bowel diseases are explored, and potential functions of pTRACA22 type RelBE modules in the human gut microbiome are discussed.
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Chagnaud P, Jenkinson HF, Tannock GW. Cell Surface-associated Proteins of Gastrointestinal Strains of Lactobacilli. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609209141306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chagnaud
- Department of Microbiology, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H. F. Jenkinson
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - G. W. Tannock
- Department of Microbiology, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Sutyak KE, Wirawan RE, Aroutcheva AA, Chikindas ML. Isolation of the Bacillus subtilis antimicrobial peptide subtilosin from the dairy product-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1067-74. [PMID: 17976171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To purify and characterize an antimicrobial protein (bacteriocin) isolated from the dairy product-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. METHODS AND RESULTS An unknown bacterial species cultured from the Yogu Farm probiotic dairy beverage was identified through 16S ribosomal RNA analysis as B. amyloliquefaciens, a phylogenetically close relative of Bacillus subtilis. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of overnight cultures was active against Listeria monocytogenes and also against clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus agalactiae. At the same time, several isolates of vaginal probiotic Lactobacilli were resistant to the CFS. The nature of the compound causing inhibitory activity was confirmed as proteinaceous by enzymatic digestion. The protein was isolated using ammonium sulfate precipitation, and further purified via column chromatography. PCR analysis was conducted to determine relatedness to other bacteriocins produced by Bacillus spp. CONCLUSION The antimicrobial protein isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens was shown to be subtilosin, a bacteriocin previously reported as produced only by B. subtilis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of intra-species horizontal gene transfer for subtilosin and the first fully characterized bacteriocin isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens. Finally, this is the first report on subtilosin's activity against bacterial vaginosis-associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sutyak
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Li Y, Canchaya C, Fang F, Raftis E, Ryan KA, van Pijkeren JP, van Sinderen D, O'Toole PW. Distribution of megaplasmids in Lactobacillus salivarius and other lactobacilli. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:6128-39. [PMID: 17586640 PMCID: PMC1951925 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00447-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 includes a 242-kb megaplasmid, pMP118. We now show that 33 strains of L. salivarius isolated from humans and animals all harbor a megaplasmid, which hybridized with the repA and repE replication origin probes of pMP118. Linear megaplasmids that did not hybridize with the pMP118 repA probe were also found in some strains of L. salivarius, showing for the first time that a lactic acid bacterium has multiple megaplasmids. Phylogenetic analysis of the repE and groEL sequences of 28 L. salivarius strains suggested similar evolutionary paths for the chromosome and megaplasmid. Although the replication origin of circular megaplasmids in L. salivarius was highly conserved, genotypic and phenotypic comparisons revealed significant variation between megaplasmid-encoded traits. Furthermore, megaplasmids of sizes ranging from 120 kb to 490 kb were present in seven strains belonging to six other Lactobacillus species from among 91 strains and 47 species tested. The discovery of the widespread presence of megaplasmids in L. salivarius, and restricted carriage by other Lactobacillus species, provides an opportunity to study the contribution of large extrachromosomal replicons to the biology of Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Claesson MJ, Li Y, Leahy S, Canchaya C, van Pijkeren JP, Cerdeño-Tárraga AM, Parkhill J, Flynn S, O’Sullivan GC, Collins JK, Higgins D, Shanahan F, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D, O’Toole PW. Multireplicon genome architecture of Lactobacillus salivarius. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6718-23. [PMID: 16617113 PMCID: PMC1436024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain UCC118 is a bacteriocin-producing strain with probiotic characteristics. The 2.13-Mb genome was shown by sequencing to comprise a 1.83 Mb chromosome, a 242-kb megaplasmid (pMP118), and two smaller plasmids. Megaplasmids previously have not been characterized in lactic acid bacteria or intestinal lactobacilli. Annotation of the genome sequence indicated an intermediate level of auxotrophy compared with other sequenced lactobacilli. No single-copy essential genes were located on the megaplasmid. However, contingency amino acid metabolism genes and carbohydrate utilization genes, including two genes for completion of the pentose phosphate pathway, were megaplasmid encoded. The megaplasmid also harbored genes for the Abp118 bacteriocin, a bile salt hydrolase, a presumptive conjugation locus, and other genes potentially relevant for probiotic properties. Two subspecies of L. salivarius are recognized, salivarius and salicinius, and we detected megaplasmids in both subspecies by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of sizes ranging from 100 kb to 380 kb. The discovery of megaplasmids of widely varying size in L. salivarius suggests a possible mechanism for genome expansion or contraction to adapt to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Claesson
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yin Li
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead Leahy
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlos Canchaya
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jan Peter van Pijkeren
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana M. Cerdeño-Tárraga
- Pathogen Sequencing Unit, Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Pathogen Sequencing Unit, Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - J. Kevin Collins
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Higgins
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- **Medicine and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald F. Fitzgerald
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- Departments of *Microbiology and
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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CHUNG HJ, YOUSEF A. LACTOBACILLUS CURVATUS PRODUCES A BACTERIOCIN-LIKE AGENT ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM-NEGATIVE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. J Food Saf 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Deraz SF, Karlsson EN, Hedström M, Andersson MM, Mattiasson B. Purification and characterisation of acidocin D20079, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079. J Biotechnol 2005; 117:343-54. [PMID: 15925717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are natural antimicrobial agents produced by food fermentative bacteria. Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 produces a small bacteriocin, with a molecular mass of 6.6 kDa, designated acidocin D20079. This antimicrobial peptide was extremely heat-stable (30 min at 121 degrees C) and was active over a wide pH range. It was found to be sensitive to proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, ficin, pepsin, papain, and proteinase K). Acidocin D20079 has a narrow inhibitory spectrum restricted to the genus Lactobacillus which includes L. sakei NCDO 2714, an organism known to cause anaerobic spoilage of vacuum-packaged meat. Maximum production of acidocin D20079 in MRS broth was detected at pH 6.0, and the peptide was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by sequential cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Purified acidocin D20079 spontaneously formed spherulite crystals during dialysis. As the N-terminus was found to be blocked for sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to determine a partial sequence, and the molecular mass of the bacteriocin in the formed crystals (6.6 kDa). Estimates of the molecular weight of the partially purified peptide, using tricine-SDS-PAGE, in which bacteriocin activity was confirmed by overlayer techniques were in accordance with this value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar F Deraz
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Aucher W, Simonet V, Fremaux C, Dalet K, Simon L, Cenatiempo Y, Frère J, Berjeaud JM. Differences in mesentericin secretion systems from twoLeuconostocstrains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 232:15-22. [PMID: 15019729 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(04)00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Revised: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc mesenteroides Y105 and L. mesenteroides FR52 produce both mesentericin Y105 and B105, in equal amounts. The mesentericin operons of L. mesenteroides FR52 and Y105 which are involved in mesentericin Y105 and B105 production, were both sequenced and compared. Differences were limited to the two genes, mesD and mesE, which encode the dedicated transport system of mesentericin Y105. Analysis of mesentericin non-producing mutants and complementation experiments demonstrated that the major role of the membrane fusion protein, MesE, was in bacteriocin secretion for both strains. Moreover, the secretion machinery MesDE was demonstrated to be capable of transportation and maturation of the two pre-bacteriocins, mesentericin Y105 and B105. We also demonstrate that although MesDEs from strains Y105 and FR52 have significant sequence differences, both transporters were capable of assuring secretion of either bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Aucher
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, EA 2224, IBMIG, 40 avenue du recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
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25
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Majhenic AC, Venema K, Allison GE, Matijasić BB, Rogelj I, Klaenhammer TR. DNA analysis of the genes encoding acidocin LF221 A and acidocin LF221 B, two bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus gasseri LF221. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 63:705-14. [PMID: 14504837 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Revised: 07/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus gasseri LF221, an isolate from the feces of a child, produces two bacteriocins. Standard procedures for molecular techniques were used to locate, clone and sequence the fragments of LF221 chromosomal DNA carrying the acidocin LF221 A and B structural genes, respectively. Sequencing analysis revealed the gene of acidocin LF221 A to be an open reading frame encoding a protein composed of 69 amino acids, including a 16-amino-acid N-terminal extension. The acidocin LF221 B gene was found to encode a 65-amino-acid bacteriocin precursor with a 17-amino-acid N-terminal leader peptide. DNA homology searches showed similarities of acidocin LF221 A to brochocin B, lactococcin N and thermophilin B, whereas acidocin LF221 B exhibited some homology to lactacin F and was virtually identical to gassericin X. The peptides encoded by orfA1 and orfB3 showed characteristics of class II bacteriocins and are suspected to be the complementary peptides of acidocin A and B, respectively. orfA3 and orfB5 are proposed to encode putative immunity proteins for the acidocins. Acidocin LF221 A and acidocin LF221 B are predicted to be members of the two-component class II bacteriocins, where acidocin LF221 A appears to be a novel bacteriocin. L. gasseri LF221 is being developed as a potential probiotic strain and a food/feed preservative. Detailed characterization of its acidocins is an important piece of background information useful in applying the strain into human or animal consumption. The genetic information on both acidocins also enables tracking of the LF221 strain in mixed populations and complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Majhenic
- Chair of Dairy Science, Zootechnical Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230, Domzale, Slovenia.
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26
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Biet F, Cenatiempo Y, Fremaux C. Identification of a replicon from pTXL1, a small cryptic plasmid from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides Y110, and development of a food-grade vector. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:6451-6. [PMID: 12450877 PMCID: PMC134450 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.12.6451-6456.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Accepted: 09/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2,665-bp cryptic plasmid, pTXL1, isolated from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides Y110 was identified. This plasmid harbors a replicon localized on a 1,300-bp fragment. Two observations suggested that pTXL1 does not belong to rolling-circle replication (RCR)-type plasmids and most likely replicates via a theta mechanism. These hypotheses are supported by the observation that no detectable single-stranded intermediate was found for the replicon and that, unlike in RCR-type plasmids, the pTXL1 replicon sequence lacks an open reading frame encoding a replicase. The small-sized pTXL1 plasmid is stable and, according to its origin, can be considered in the "generally recognized as safe" category. Its ability to replicate in several lactic acid bacteria was exploited to develop a vector producing mesentericin Y105, a class II anti-Listeria bacteriocin. With this new vector, a recombinant industrial Leuconostoc cremoris strain able to produce mesentericin Y105 was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Biet
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Ingénierie Génétique, Equipe d'Accueil 2224, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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27
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Abstract
Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are ribosomally produced peptides (usually 30-60 amino acids) that display potent antimicrobial activity against certain other Gram-positive organisms. They function by disruption of the membrane of their targets, mediated in at least some cases by interaction of the peptide with a chiral receptor molecule (e.g., lipid II or sugar PTS proteins). Some bacteriocins are unmodified (except for disulfide bridges), whereas others (i.e. lantibiotics) possess extensive post-translational modifications which include multiple monosulfide (lanthionine) bridges and dehydro amino acids as well as possible keto amide residues at the N-terminus. Most known bacteriocins are biologically active as single peptides. However, there is a growing class of two peptide systems, both unmodified and lantibiotic, which are fully active only when both partners are present (usually 1:1). In some cases, neither peptide has activity by itself, whereas in others, the activity of one is enhanced by the other. This review discusses the classification, structure, production, regulation, biological activity, and potential applications of such two-peptide bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Garneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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28
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Padilla C, Brevis P, Lobos O, Hubert E, Zamorano A. Production of antimicrobial substances, by hospital bacteria, active against other micro-organisms. J Hosp Infect 2001; 49:43-7. [PMID: 11516185 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2001.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-nine clinical strains of bacteria, isolated from patients in the Regional Hospital of Talca, were studied. Seventy-four percent of these strains produced antibacterial substances, in comparison with 18% of the same bacterial species obtained from patients from a non-hospital habitat. Almost all the bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients demonstrated in vitro resistance to different antimicrobial agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent species producing antibacterial substances and its products were of high potency, with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Cure of plasmid DNA, in most of the antibacterial-producer strains, resulted in the loss of their lethal activity and they also became susceptible in vitro to anti-microbials. These results indicated that such properties are encoded in extrachromosomal DNA. We believe that the knowledge of the antimicrobial activity and resistance to antimicrobials of bacteria from a hospital habitat can help explain the selection and persistence of such strains in this particular ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Padilla
- Laboratory of Microbiological Research, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Talca, Chile.
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29
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Cuozzo SA, Sesma F, Palacios JM, de Ruíz Holgado AP, Raya RR. Identification and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in the synthesis of lactocin 705, a two-peptide bacteriocin from Lactobacillus casei CRL 705. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 185:157-61. [PMID: 10754241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural gene determinants of lactocin 705, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus casei CRL 705, have been amplified from a plasmid of approximately 35 kb and sequenced. Lactocin 705 is a class IIb bacteriocin, whose activity depends upon the complementation of two peptides (705alpha and 705beta) of 33 amino acid residues each. These peptides are synthesized as precursors with signal sequences of the double-glycine type, which exhibited high identities with the leader peptides of plantaricin S and J from Lactobacillus plantarum, brochocin C from Brochotrix campestris, sakacin P from Lactobacillus sake, and the competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mitis. However, the two mature bacteriocins 705alpha and 705beta do not show significant similarity to other sequences in the databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cuozzo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA, CONICET), Chacabuco 145, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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30
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Navarro L, Zarazaga M, Sáenz J, Ruiz-Larrea F, Torres C. Bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from Rioja red wines. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88:44-51. [PMID: 10735242 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Forty-two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genera Lactobacillus (32), Leuconostoc (6), Pediococcus (3) and Lactococcus (1), isolated from Rioja red wines, were tested for antimicrobial activity. All these strains, as well as 18 Leuconostoc oenos and 19 yeast strains were used as indicators. Only nine strains showed antimicrobial activity, and all were of the species Lactobacillus plantarum, which constitutes the predominant microflora in Rioja red wines after alcoholic fermentation. Lact. plantarum strain J-51 showed the widest range of action, inhibiting the growth of 31 strains of the four studied LAB genera. Lact. plantarum J-51 antimicrobial activity was lost after treatment with proteases, suggesting a proteinaceous nature for this activity. It was found to be stable between pH 3 and 9 and under strong heating conditions (100 degrees C for 60 min). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Lact. plantarum J-51 genome revealed the presence of the plnA gene that encodes the plantaricin precursor PlnA. A 366-bp fragment was sequenced and showed 95% identity with pln locus of Lact. plantarum C-11. The deduced precursor peptide sequence showed one mutation (Gly7 to Ser7) at the double glycine leader peptide, and the three putative 26-, 23- and 22-residue active peptides remain identical to those of Lact. plantarum C-11. Therefore, antimicrobial peptides constitute a potent adaptation advantage for those strains that dominate in a medium such as wine, and can play an important role in the ecology of wine microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Navarro
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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31
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Zamfir M, Callewaert R, Cornea PC, Savu L, Vatafu I, De Vuyst L. Purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus IBB 801. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 87:923-31. [PMID: 10664915 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus IBB 801 produces a small bacteriocin, designated acidophilin 801, with an estimated molecular mass of less than 6.5 kDa. It displays a narrow inhibitory spectrum (only related lactobacilli but including the Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli Row and Salmonella panama 1467) with a bactericidal activity. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free culture supernatant fluid was insensitive to catalase but sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, proteinase K and pronase, heat-stable (30 min at 121 degrees C), and maintained in a wide pH range. The proteinaceous compound was isolated from cell-free culture supernatant fluid and purified. Crude bacteriocin was isolated as a floating pellicle after ammonium sulphate precipitation (40% saturation) and partially purified by extraction/precipitation with chloroform/methanol (2/1, v/v). Further purification to homogeneity was performed by reversed phase Fast Performance Liquid Chromatography. The amino acid composition was determined. Amino acid sequencing revealed that the N-terminal end was blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zamfir
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
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32
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Biet F, Cenatiempo Y, Fremaux C. Characterization of pFR18, a small cryptic plasmid from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides FR52, and its use as a food grade vector. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 179:375-83. [PMID: 10518740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1.8-kb cryptic plasmid pFR18 was isolated from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides FR52 and characterized. The identification of single-stranded DNA intermediate (ssDNA) in Leuconostoc demonstrated that the replication of pFR18 is directed by a rolling-circle mechanism (RCR). Sequence analysis revealed a single open reading frame (rep18) encoding a putative 335-amino acid protein homologous to the pT181 replicase. Furthermore, a putative double strand origin similar to that of the pT181 plasmid family was identified. A cloning vector was developed on the basis of the pFR18 replicon by inserting an erythromycin resistance cassette within a non-essential region of the plasmid. The resulting construction was able to transform Lactobacillus sake and various species of Leuconostoc. It was stable in L. mesenteroides, however, the segregational stability of a pFR18 derivative containing large Escherichia coli DNA fragments was affected. Nevertheless, the new RCR plasmid pFR18 may be useful for the construction of food grade vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Biet
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Ingénierie Génétique, CNRS-ESA 6031, Université de Poitiers, 40 avenue du recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers, Cedex, France.
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33
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Callewaert R, Holo H, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Nes I, De Vuyst L. Characterization and production of amylovorin L471, a bacteriocin purified from Lactobacillus amylovorus DCE 471 by a novel three-step method. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1999; 145 ( Pt 9):2559-2568. [PMID: 10517609 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The strongly hydrophobic bacteriocin amylovorin L471 from Lactobacillus amylovorus DCE 471 was isolated and purified to homogeneity from complex culture broth by a novel, rapid and simple three-step protocol including (i) ammonium sulphate precipitation, (ii) chloroform/methanol extraction/precipitation and (iii) reversed-phase HPLC, the only chromatographic step involved. The molecular mass of the peptide was determined to be 4876.9 Da by electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. N-terminal amino acid sequencing identified 35 amino acid residues as being identical to the N-terminal sequence of lactobin A, a bacteriocin from another L. amylovorus strain. These non-identical strains produce bacteriocins that display small differences in molecular mass and inhibitory spectrum. The amino acid sequence of amylovorin L471 shared significant homology with lactacin X, one of the two bactericidal peptides produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI11088. A purified amylovorin L471 preparation permitted confirmation of the inhibitory spectrum previously established with a crude extract. It displayed a bactericidal mode of action on lactobacilli after an extremely rapid adsorption to the target cells. Two Listeria spp. were only weakly sensitive. Amylovorin L471 appears to be produced constitutively. Ethanol not only stimulated specific bacteriocin production but also prevented adsorption of the bacteriocin molecules to the producer cells upon prolonged fermentation. The latter result supports the hypothesis that the apparent inactivation of bacteriocin observed during the stationary phase of batch fermentations is due to adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Callewaert
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium1
| | - Helge Holo
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Department of Biotechnological Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, Post Box 5051, N-1432 Ås, Norway2
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium3
| | - Jozef Van Beeumen
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium3
| | - Ingolf Nes
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Department of Biotechnological Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, Post Box 5051, N-1432 Ås, Norway2
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium1
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34
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Walker DC, Girgis HS, Klaenhammer TR. The groESL chaperone operon of Lactobacillus johnsonii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:3033-41. [PMID: 10388700 PMCID: PMC91453 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.7.3033-3041.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088 groESL operon was localized on the chromosome near the insertion element IS1223. The operon was initially cloned as a series of three overlapping PCR fragments, which were sequenced and used to design primers to amplify the entire operon. The amplified fragment was used as a probe to recover the chromosomal copy of the groESL operon from a partial library of L. johnsonii VPI 11088 (NCK88) DNA, cloned in the shuttle vector pTRKH2. The 2,253-bp groESL fragment contained three putative open reading frames, two of which encoded the ubiquitous GroES and GroEL chaperone proteins. Analysis of the groESL promoter region revealed three transcription initiation sites, as well as three sets of inverted repeats (IR) positioned between the transcription and translation start sites. Two of the three IR sets bore significant homology to the CIRCE elements, implicated in negative regulation of the heat shock response in many bacteria. Northern analysis and primer extension revealed that multiple temperature-sensitive promoters preceded the groESL chaperone operon, suggesting that stress protein production in L. johnsonii is strongly regulated. Maximum groESL transcription activity was observed following a shift to 55 degrees C, and a 15 to 30-min exposure of log-phase cells to this temperature increased the recovery of freeze-thawed L. johnsonii VPI 11088. These results suggest that a brief, preconditioning heat shock can be used to trigger increased chaperone production and provide significant cross-protection from the stresses imposed during the production of frozen culture concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Walker
- Departments of Microbiology, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA
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35
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Metivier A, Pilet MF, Dousset X, Sorokine O, Anglade P, Zagorec M, Piard JC, Marlon D, Cenatiempo Y, Fremaux C. Divercin V41, a new bacteriocin with two disulphide bonds produced by Carnobacterium divergens V41: primary structure and genomic organization. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 10):2837-2844. [PMID: 9802025 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-10-2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Divercin V41 is a new bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium divergens V41, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fish viscera. The amino acid sequence of divercin V41 showed high homologies with pediocin PA-1 and enterocin A. Two disulphide bonds were present in the hydrophilic N-terminal domain and in the highly variable hydrophobic C-terminal domain, respectively. A DNA probe designed from the N-terminal sequence of the purified peptide was used to locate the structural gene of divercin V41. A 6 kb chromosomal fragment containing the divercin V41 structural gene (dvnA) was cloned and sequenced. The results indicate that divercin V41 is synthesized as a pre-bacteriocin of 66 amino acids. The 23-residue N-terminal extension is cleaved off to yield the mature 43-amino-acid divercin V41. In addition, the fragment encodes putative proteins commonly found within bacteriocin operons, including an ATP-dependent transporter, two immunity-like proteins and the two components of a lantibiotic-type signal-transducing system. The genetic organization of the fragment suggested important gene rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Metivier
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d`lngCnierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, Universite de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers CedexFrance
- ENITIAA, Laboratoire de Microbiologie44072 Nantes CedexFrance
| | | | - Xavier Dousset
- ENITIAA, Laboratoire de Microbiologie44072 Nantes CedexFrance
| | - Odile Sorokine
- CNRS, Laboratoire de SpectromCtrie de Masse BioorganiqueURA31 Universite Louis Pasteur, 67008 StrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | | | - Didier Marlon
- INRA, Unite de Biochimie et Technologie des ProtCines44316 Nantes cedexFrance
| | - Yves Cenatiempo
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d`lngCnierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, Universite de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Fremaux
- T6exel, groupe RhBnePoulencZA de Buxieres BP 10,86220 DangC Saint-RomainFrance
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d`lngCnierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, Universite de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers CedexFrance
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36
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Biet F, Berjeaud JM, Worobo RW, Cenatiempo Y, Fremaux C. Heterologous expression of the bacteriocin mesentericin Y105 using the dedicated transport system and the general secretion pathway. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 10):2845-2854. [PMID: 9802026 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-10-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two different N-terminal extensions have been identified within class II bacteriocin precursors. The first one is a two-glycine-type leader peptide associated with a dedicated ATP-binding cassette transporter. The second is a signal peptide which directs the bacteriocin precursor to the general secretion machinery. Mesentericin Y105 is a class II anti-Listeria bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides Y105 via a dedicated transport system (DTS). To investigate heterologous expression systems capable of producing mesentericin Y105 in various hosts, two different secretion vectors were constructed. One of them, containing the mesentericin Y105 structural gene fused to the segment encoding the divergicin A signal peptide, was introduced into Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc subsp. and Lactococcus subsp. In E. coli, mesentericin Y105 production was linked to a putative periplasmic toxicity. To take advantage of this secretion system, the mesentericin Y105 precursor was also produced in E. coli. It was demonstrated that this pre-bacteriocin exhibited some antagonistic activity against Listeria. To allow for a comparison between the two different transport systems, mesentericin Y105 production using the vector containing the mesentericin Y105 structural gene and its DTS transporter operon was examined. The production of mesentericin Y105 was monitored by a new fast purification method followed by MS analysis. It was shown that, in Leuconostoc, the production of mesentericin Y105 is enhanced via the DTS compared to the general secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Biet
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d'lnghierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, UniversitC de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers CedexFrance
| | - Jean Marc Berjeaud
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d'lnghierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, UniversitC de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers CedexFrance
| | - Randy W Worobo
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d'lnghierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, UniversitC de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers CedexFrance
| | - Yves Cenatiempo
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d'lnghierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, UniversitC de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Fremaux
- Texel, groupe RhGne- PoulencZA de Buxieres BP 10, 86220 DangC Saint- RomainFrance
- lnstitut de Biologie MolCculaire et d'lnghierie GCnCtiqueCNRS-ESA 6031, UniversitC de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers CedexFrance
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Abstract
Lactobacilli play a substantial role in food biotechnology and influence our quality of life by their fermentative and probiotic properties. Despite their obvious importance in fermentation ecology and biotechnology only recent years have brought some insight into the genetics of lactobacilli. These genetic investigations allow the elucidation of traits determinative for competitiveness and ecology and thus product safety and quality. They have concentrated only on a small selection of lactobacilli whereas others are hardly touched or remained recalcitrant to genetic analysis and manipulation. The knowledge gained on the biochemistry, physiology, ecology and especially genetics is a prerequisite for the deliberate application and improved handling of lactobacilli in traditional and novel applications. In this review, the achievements in the genetics of lactobacilli are described including detection systems, genetic elements, host vector systems, gene cloning and expression and risk assessment of genetically engineered lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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38
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Nilsen T, Nes IF, Holo H. An exported inducer peptide regulates bacteriocin production in Enterococcus faecium CTC492. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:1848-54. [PMID: 9537384 PMCID: PMC107099 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.7.1848-1854.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1997] [Accepted: 02/02/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of the bacteriocins enterocin A and enterocin B in Enterococcus faecium CTC492 was dependent on the presence of an extracellular peptide produced by the strain itself. This induction factor (EntF) was purified, and amino acid sequencing combined with DNA sequencing of the corresponding gene identified it as a peptide of 25 amino acids. The gene encodes a prepeptide of 41 amino acids, including a 16-amino-acid leader peptide of the double-glycine type. Environmental factors influenced the level of bacteriocin production in E. faecium CTC492. The optimal pH for bacteriocin production was 6.2. At pH 5.5, growth was slow, and very little bacteriocin was formed. The presence of NaCl or ethanol (EtOH) was also inhibitory to bacteriocin production, and at high concentrations of these solutes, no bacteriocin production was observed. The induction factor induced its own synthesis, and by dilution of the culture 106 times or more, nonproducing cultures were obtained. Bacteriocin production was induced in these cultures by addition of EntF. The response was linear, and low bacteriocin production could be induced by about 10(-17) M EntF. This response was attenuated by low pH or the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or EtOH, and 300 times more EntF was needed to induce detectable bacteriocin production in the presence of 6.5% NaCl. High levels of bacteriocin production in cultures grown at low pH or in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or EtOH were obtained by addition of sufficient amounts of EntF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nilsen
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Agricultural University of Norway, As
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39
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du Toit M, Franz CM, Dicks LM, Schillinger U, Haberer P, Warlies B, Ahrens F, Holzapfel WH. Characterisation and selection of probiotic lactobacilli for a preliminary minipig feeding trial and their effect on serum cholesterol levels, faeces pH and faeces moisture content. Int J Food Microbiol 1998; 40:93-104. [PMID: 9600615 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three out of 297 Lactobacillus strains isolated from pig faeces were selected for a feeding trial on account of their high bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, bile-salt resistance, low pH tolerance and the production of antimicrobial substances. Two strains were identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii and one as Lactobacillus reuteri by DNA-DNA hybridisation. L. johnsoniii BFE 1061 produced a bacteriocin active against a range of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and nonrelated bacteria including Clostridium perfringens. Six minipigs were maintained on a high-fat, high-cholesterol ('Western Style') diet for 17 weeks after which the diet was supplemented with the 'probiotic mixture' containing the above mentioned three Lactobacillus strains at 2 x 10(12) CFU per pig per day for five weeks. The mixture was given as a resuspended lyophilisate. During a two week follow-up period the minipigs received only the 'Western-style' diet without probiotic supplementation. A lowering effect on serum cholesterol levels was indicated after three weeks probiotic feeding, concomitant with an increase in the moisture content of the faeces and Lactobacillus cell numbers. Triglycerides, pH and number of lactic acid bacteria in faeces were not significantly influenced by probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M du Toit
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Bogovič-Matijašić B, Rogelj I. Bacteriocin complex of Lactobacillus acidophilus LF221 — production studies in MRS media at different pH values and effect against Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009. Process Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(97)00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Miteva V, Stefanova T, Budakov I, Ivanova I, Mitev V, Gancheva A, Ljubenov M. Characterization of bacteriocins produced by strains from traditional Bulgarian dairy products. Syst Appl Microbiol 1998; 21:151-61. [PMID: 9741120 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(98)80019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A result of extensive screening of over 300 strains from the Collection of ELBY Bulgaricum, PLC, thirty six strains were selected as producers of bacteriocins, active closely related lactic acid bacterial species and some food spoilage bacteria. The selected strains belong to L. helveticus, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus, which are rare bacteriocin producers. Nineteen nonidentified producers were characterized by molecular taxonomic approaches--M13 fingerprinting, repetitive PCR, ribotyping and hybridization with species-specific probes, which allowed to affiliate them to the species L. delbrueckii. Several strains were found to harbour plasmids of different size. The estimated activity against food borne pathogens makes the isolated substances perspective as safe food preservatives and the producing strains could be used as components of starters with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miteva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulg. Acad. Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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42
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Abstract
This review describes Lactobacillus plasmids on distribution, structure, function, vector construction, vector stability, application, and prospective. About 38% of species of the genus Lactobacillus were found to contain plasmids with different sizes (from 1.2 to 150 kb) and varied numbers (1 or more). Some Lactobacillus plasmids with small sizes were highly similar to those of single strand plasmids from other Gram-positive bacteria. The extensive sequence homologies of plus origins, replication initiation proteins, minus origins, cointegration sites, and the presence of single strand intermediates supported the fact that these small Lactobacillus plasmids replicate with a rolling-circle replication mechanism. Some Lactobacillus plasmid replicons were of broad host range that could function in other Gram-positive bacteria, and even in Escherichia coli, while replicons of other Gram-positive bacteria also function in Lactobacillus. Although most Lactobacillus plasmids are cryptic, some plasmid-encoded functions have been discovered and applied to vector construction and Lactobacillus identification, detection, and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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43
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44
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Weinbrenner D, Barefoot S, Grinstead D. Inhibition of Yogurt Starter Cultures by Jenseniin G, a Propionibacterium Bacteriocin. J Dairy Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Ennahar S, Aoude-Werner D, Sorokine O, Van Dorsselaer A, Bringel F, Hubert JC, Hasselmann C. Production of pediocin AcH by Lactobacillus plantarum WHE 92 isolated from cheese. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4381-7. [PMID: 8953710 PMCID: PMC168265 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4381-4387.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 1,962 bacterial isolates from a smear-surface soft cheese (Munster cheese) screened for activity against Listeria monocytogenes, six produced antilisterial compounds other than organic acids. The bacterial strain WHE 92, which displayed the strongest antilisterial effect, was identified at the DNA level as Lactobacillus plantarum. The proteinaceous nature, narrow inhibitory spectrum, and bactericidal mode of action of the antilisterial compound produced by this bacterium suggested that it was a bacteriocin. Purification to homogeneity and sequencing of this bacteriocin showed that it was a 4.6-kDa, 44-amino-acid peptide, the primary structure of which was identical to that of pediocin AcH produced by different Pediococcus acidilactici strains. We report the first case of the same bacteriocin appearing naturally with bacteria of different genera. Whereas the production of pediocin AcH from P. acidilactici H was considerably reduced when the final pH of the medium exceeded 5.0, no reduction in the production of pediocin AcH from L. plantarum WHE 92 was observed when the pH of the medium was up to 6.0. This fact is important from an industrial angle. As the pH of dairy products is often higher than 5.0, L. plantarum WHE 92, which develops particularly well in cheeses, could constitute an effective means of biological combat against L. monocytogenes in this type of foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ennahar
- Département des Sciences de l'Aliment, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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46
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Tahara T, Kanatani K. Isolation, partial characterization and mode of action of acidocin J1229, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1229. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Allison GE, Klaenhammer TR. Functional analysis of the gene encoding immunity to lactacin F, lafI, and its use as a Lactobacillus-specific, food-grade genetic marker. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4450-60. [PMID: 8953716 PMCID: PMC168271 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4450-4460.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactacin F is a two-component class II bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088. The laf operon is composed of the bacteriocin structural genes, lafA and lafX, and a third open reading frame, ORFZ. Two strategies were employed to study the function of ORFZ. This gene was disrupted in the chromosome of NCK64, a lafA729 lafX ORFZ derivative of VPI 11088. A disruption cassette consisting of ORFZ interrupted with a cat gene was cloned into pSA3 and introduced into NCK64. Manipulation of growth temperatures and antibiotic selection resulted in homologous recombination which disrupted the chromosomal copy of ORFZ with the cat gene. This ORFZ mutation resulted in loss of immunity to lactacin F but had little effect on production of LafX, which is not bactericidal without LafA. Expression of ORFZ in this ORFZ- background rescued the immune phenotype. Expression of ORFZ in a bacteriocin-sensitive derivative of VPI 11088 also reestablished immunity. These data indicate that ORFZ, renamed lafI, encodes the immunity factor for the lactacin F system. The sensitivity of various Lactobacillus strains to lactacin F was further evaluated. Lactacin F inhibited 11 strains including several members of the A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, and B2 L. acidophilus homology groups. Expression of lafI in bacteriocin-sensitive strains L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. acidophilus NCFM/N2, L. fermentum NCDO1750, L. gasseri ATCC 33323, and L. johnsonii ATCC 33200 provided immunity to lactacin F. Furthermore, it was shown that lactacin F production by VPI 11088 could be used to select for L. fermentum NCDO1750 transformants containing the recombinant plasmid encoding LafI. The data demonstrate that lafI is functional in heterologous hosts, suggesting that it may be a suitable food-grade genetic marker for use in lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Allison
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7624, USA
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48
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Yeeh Y, Jo YB, Kwon OC. Protoplast fusion between Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biotechnol Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00127893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Arihara K, Ogihara S, Mukai T, Itoh M, Kondo Y. Salivacin 140, a novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius T140 active against pathogenic bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 1996; 22:420-4. [PMID: 8695066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen of 353 environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria consistently showed activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and/or Propionibacterium acnes. Strain T140, isolated from the surface of Japanese pampas grass leaves and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius, also had activity against several Lactobacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Since the antagonistic factor(s) produced by T140 was sensitive to a proteolytic enzyme, it was concluded that a bacteriocin (named salivacin 140) was involved in the inhibition activity. Strain T140 required a high initial pH (7.5-8.5) in agar plates for bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arihara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada-shi, Japan
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50
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De Vuyst L, Callewaert R, Crabbé K. Primary metabolite kinetics of bacteriocin biosynthesis by Lactobacillus amylovorus and evidence for stimulation of bacteriocin production under unfavourable growth conditions. Microbiology (Reading) 1996; 142:817-827. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-142-4-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To optimize bacteriocin production processes, the relationships between growth, bacteriocin production and factors affecting the occurrence and intensity of the activity peak during the growth cycle must be understood. Amylovorin L471, a bacteriocin produced by
Lactobacillus amylovorus
DCE 471, displays primary metabolite kinetics with a peak activity during the midexponential phase. Because of this growth association, only conditions favouring a drastic increase in biomass improve the volumetric bacteriocin titre. Specific bacteriocin production is enhanced under unfavourable growth conditions such as low temperatures (30°), and the presence of potentially toxic compounds such as ethanol (1.0%, v/v) and oxygen (80%, v/v, air saturation). Whereas volumetric biomass formation and growth-associated bacteriocin production are dependent on the amount of glucose and nitrogen supplied, slow growth rates stimulate specific bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin inactivation can be ascribed to protein aggregation and adsorption phenomena. It may be overcome by switching the pH to 2.0 during the fermentation run after having reached the peak activity. Thus, manipulation of the cell environment can stimulate bacteriocin production. The latter can be induced by unfavourable growth conditions, so-called stress factors. The specific growth rate seems to play an important role in the control of bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc De Vuyst
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Callewaert
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Crabbé
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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