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Numerical Analysis of a Full-Scale Thermophilic Biological System and Investigation of Nitrate and Ammonia Fates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic biological processes proved to be effective in aqueous waste (AW) and high-strength wastewater treatment. In this work, the monitoring of a full-scale aerobic thermophilic biological plant treating various high-strength AW in continuous mode is reported. This paper aims to: (i) provide models to help the AW utility manager in predicting the load of fed pollutants and performances, and (ii) fully investigate nitrogen transformations in biological reactor. Based on the results, the thermophilic sludge in the studied plant was able to degrade Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and remove nitrate nitrogen with very high efficiency (79.3% and 97.1, respectively). The monitoring was conducted following a statistical approach and searched for the possible correlations between the input parameters and the efficiency of removal of the plant. Moreover, a multivariate linear regression was carried out highlighting that the yield value of the removal of COD and nitrogen forms, apart from ammonia, was well explained (R2 = 0.9) by the linear regression against the other monitored parameters. As far as nitrification is concerned, there was, on the one hand, an increase in ammonium ions due to the hydrolysis of the organic substance that occurs in the reactor, and on the other hand, a stripping of the same ammoniacal nitrogen in the form of NH3. While nitrates were effectively removed, according to fluorescent in situ hybridization tests, sludge proved to be formed by minute flocs, where bacteria responsible for the oxidation of ammonium and nitrite seem to be unable to grow.
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Zhou M, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhao Y, Hu B. Sphingomonas Relies on Chemotaxis to Degrade Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Maintain Dominance in Coking Sites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061109. [PMID: 35744627 PMCID: PMC9229013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants widely present in industrial sites. Microbial degradation is an effective method of removing PAHs. The identification of microorganisms that have important ecological functions at the site is of great significance for PAH removal. We collected soil samples at three depths in the range of 0–100 cm at 70-day intervals at the coking site and explored the degradation of PAHs. We combined molecular ecology networking, metagenomics, and genome assembly to search for microorganisms that persist, dominate, and affect the microbial community construction in the degradation process and analyzed their adaptation strategies. The results showed that 15.78 mg/kg of PAHs naturally decayed, and 13.33 mg/kg of PAHs migrated from 30–100 cm to 0–30 cm in the soil. Sphingomonas, which occupied a niche advantage, was both the core and keystone microorganism, and its spatial distribution pattern and temporal change dynamics were consistent with those of PAHs. We assembled the genome of Sphingomonas sp., revealing its multiple potential for degrading PAHs and other pollutants. Additionally, flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis genes ranked high in the assembled genome of Sphingomonas sp., which might help it obtain a competitive advantage in the soil. The findings underscored the strategy of Sphingomonas to maintain dominance, enriched the understanding of PAH-degrading microorganisms in site soil, and provided references for the remediation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zishu Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8898-2340
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Lu D, Bai H, Liao B. Comparison between Thermophilic and Mesophilic Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactors—A Modeling Study. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040418. [PMID: 35448388 PMCID: PMC9025320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The concept of thermophilic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (ThMABR) is studied by modeling. This concept combines the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of conventional MABR and thermophilic aerobic biological treatment and has great potential to develop a new type of ultra-compact, highly efficient bioreactor for high-strength wastewater and waste gas treatments. Mathematical modeling was conducted to investigate the impact of temperature (mesophilic vs. thermophilic) and oxygen partial pressure on oxygen and substrate concentration profiles, membrane–biofilm interfacial oxygen concentration, oxygen penetration distance, and oxygen and substrate fluxes into biofilms. The general trend of oxygen transfer and substrate flux into biofilm between ThAnMBR and MMABR was verified by the experimental results in the literature. The results from modeling studies indicate that the ThMABR has significant advantages over the conventional mesophilic MABR in terms of improved oxygen and pollutant flux into biofilms and biodegradation rates, and an optimal biofilm thickness exists for maximum oxygen and substrate fluxes into the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duowei Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-807-343-8437; Fax: +1-807-343-8928
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Begmatov S, Dorofeev AG, Kadnikov VV, Beletsky AV, Pimenov NV, Ravin NV, Mardanov AV. The structure of microbial communities of activated sludge of large-scale wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3458. [PMID: 35236881 PMCID: PMC8891259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a key role in water purification. Microbial communities of activated sludge (AS) vary extensively based on plant operating technology, influent characteristics and WWTP capacity. In this study we performed 16S rRNA gene profiling of AS at nine large-scale WWTPs responsible for the treatment of municipal sewage from the city of Moscow, Russia. Two plants employed conventional aerobic process, one plant—nitrification/denitrification technology, and six plants were operated with the University of Cape Town (UCT) anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. Microbial communities were impacted by the technology and dominated by the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota. WWTPs employing the UCT process enabled efficient removal of not only organic matter, but also nitrogen and phosphorus, consistently with the high content of ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonas sp. and phosphate-accumulating bacteria. The latter group was represented by Candidatus Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera sp. and denitrifiers. Co-occurrence network analysis provided information on key hub microorganisms in AS, which may be targeted for manipulating the AS stability and performance. Comparison of AS communities from WWTPs in Moscow and worldwide revealed that Moscow samples clustered together indicating that influent characteristics, related to social, cultural and environmental factors, could be more important than a plant operating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahjahon Begmatov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alexander G Dorofeev
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Vitaly V Kadnikov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alexey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Nikolai V Pimenov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
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Yang M, Liu Y, Liao Y, Tang C, Wen Z, Fazal A, Yang R, Qi J, Hong Z, Li Y, Yang Y. Excess copper promotes catabolic activity of gram-positive bacteria and resistance of gram-negative bacteria but inhibits fungal community in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22602-22612. [PMID: 34792767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of copper fungicides has resulted in significant non-target effects on soil microbial communities. However, the documented effects are often variable and contradictory, depending on the methods used to assess them. In this study, we examined the effects of copper accumulation in surface soils on microbial catabolic activity, active biomass and composition, and sensitive bacterial species. The community-level catabolic profiles (CLCPs) showed that both normal (50 mg CuSO4 kg-1 soil) and high dosages (tenfold rate) of CuSO4 significantly increased the catabolic diversity of gram-positive bacteria, while the high dosage increased the overall catabolic activity of gram-negative bacteria. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the high dosage reduced the biomass of gram-positive bacteria by 27% but did not affect that of gram-negative bacteria. In comparison, the normal and high dosages decreased the fungal biomass by 34% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, 16S rRNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint revealed that more than two-thirds of identified bands belonged to gram-negative bacteria. Some Cu-resistant gram-negative bacterial genera, such as Actinobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Proteobacterium, were detected in the soil to which the high dosage of CuSO4 had been applied. In conclusion, an excess application of CuSO4 increased the catabolic diversity of gram-positive bacteria and induced resistance in gram-negative bacteria, whereas the active fungal community displayed a dosage-dependent response to CuSO4 and can thus be used as a sensitive indicator of copper contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkai Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Zhongling Wen
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yongchun Li
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Flieder M, Buongiorno J, Herbold CW, Hausmann B, Rattei T, Lloyd KG, Loy A, Wasmund K. Novel taxa of Acidobacteriota implicated in seafloor sulfur cycling. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3159-3180. [PMID: 33981000 PMCID: PMC8528874 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acidobacteriota are widespread and often abundant in marine sediments, yet their metabolic and ecological properties are poorly understood. Here, we examined metabolisms and distributions of Acidobacteriota in marine sediments of Svalbard by functional predictions from metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrB) genes and transcripts, and gene expression analyses of tetrathionate-amended microcosms. Acidobacteriota were the second most abundant dsrB-harboring (averaging 13%) phylum after Desulfobacterota in Svalbard sediments, and represented 4% of dsrB transcripts on average. Meta-analysis of dsrAB datasets also showed Acidobacteriota dsrAB sequences are prominent in marine sediments worldwide, averaging 15% of all sequences analysed, and represent most of the previously unclassified dsrAB in marine sediments. We propose two new Acidobacteriota genera, Candidatus Sulfomarinibacter (class Thermoanaerobaculia, "subdivision 23") and Ca. Polarisedimenticola ("subdivision 22"), with distinct genetic properties that may explain their distributions in biogeochemically distinct sediments. Ca. Sulfomarinibacter encode flexible respiratory routes, with potential for oxygen, nitrous oxide, metal-oxide, tetrathionate, sulfur and sulfite/sulfate respiration, and possibly sulfur disproportionation. Potential nutrients and energy include cellulose, proteins, cyanophycin, hydrogen, and acetate. A Ca. Polarisedimenticola MAG encodes various enzymes to degrade proteins, and to reduce oxygen, nitrate, sulfur/polysulfide and metal-oxides. 16S rRNA gene and transcript profiling of Svalbard sediments showed Ca. Sulfomarinibacter members were relatively abundant and transcriptionally active in sulfidic fjord sediments, while Ca. Polarisedimenticola members were more relatively abundant in metal-rich fjord sediments. Overall, we reveal various physiological features of uncultured marine Acidobacteriota that indicate fundamental roles in seafloor biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Flieder
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joy Buongiorno
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA ,grid.421147.50000 0000 8528 5498Present Address: Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College, Maryville, TN USA
| | - Craig W. Herbold
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rattei
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Computational Systems Biology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen G. Lloyd
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Alexander Loy
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.465498.2Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.465498.2Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCenter for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Li K, Shi J, Han Y, Xu C, Han H. Enhanced anaerobic degradation of quinoline, pyriding, and indole with polyurethane (PU), Fe 3O 4@PU, powdered activated carbon (PAC), Fe(OH) 3@PAC, biochar, and Fe(OH) 3@biochar and analysis of microbial succession in different reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121866. [PMID: 31374417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was to explore the feasibility of polyurethane (PU), Fe3O4@PU, powdered activated carbon (PAC), Fe(OH)3@PAC, biochar, and Fe(OH)3@biochar as biological carriers in strengthening anaerobic degradation of quinoline, pyridine, and indole. When the concentrations of pollutants were 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L, reactors based on PAC and Fe(OH)3@PAC had higher degradation ratios than the other reactors. However, when the concentrations of pollutants were 75 mg/L and 100 mg/L, with the addition of PU and Fe3O4@PU, reactors began to show their superiority in the degradation of the selected NHCs. Among these, the reactor based on Fe3O4@PU had the optimal degradation ratio on quinoline, pyridine, and indole. PU, PAC, Fe(OH)3@PAC, biochar, and Fe(OH)3@biochar benefited the enrichment of Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Levilinea, Longilinea, and Desulfomicrobium. The reactor with the carrier of Fe3O4@PU had some specificity, which benefited the enrichment of Zoogloea, Thiobacillus, Anaeromyxobacter, Sphingobium, Terrimonas, Parcubacteria genera incertae sedis, Bdellovibrio, Rhizobium, and Acidovorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- State Engineering Research Center of Water Resources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jingxin Shi
- State Engineering Research Center of Water Resources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yuxing Han
- School of Engineering, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- State Engineering Research Center of Water Resources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Engineering Research Center of Water Resources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Wang J, Hua M, Li Y, Ma F, Zheng P, Hu B. Achieving high nitrogen removal efficiency by optimizing nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation process with growth factors. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:35-42. [PMID: 31176104 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) is a newly discovered bioprocess which uses methane as electron donor to reduce nitrite into dinitrogen. It is a promising clean bioprocess for denitrification in wastewater treatment. However, the low reaction rate and slow growth rate of N-DAMO bacteria within NC10 phylum limit the application of the process. In this study, we chose vitamin, heme, nucleobase and betaine to investigate their short- and long-term effects on N-DAMO bacteria. The concentrations of the growth factors of medium were improved according to the short-term experiments. The results were subsequently verified via long-term inoculations and were applied in a magnetically stirred gas lift reactor (MSGLR). The results indicated that nucleobase and betaine (5.0 and 200 μg L-1, respectively) significantly stimulated the N-DAMO activity, whereas vitamin and heme had no significant effects in the tested concentration ranges. During the long-term incubation, N-DAMO bacteria continuously increased and finally achieved a relative abundance of 14.4% on day 300. Notably, larger aggregates of N-DAMO bacteria were observed at the end of the long-term incubation. And the nitrogen removal rate of the MSGLR increased to 70 mg N L-1 day-1, with the total nitrogen removal efficiency over 99.0%. However, the addition of betaine introduced methyl into the reactors and this made methylotrophs account a considerable part of the bacterial community, which limited the enrichment degree of N-DAMO bacteria. This work will contribute to the engineering application and enrichment of N-DAMO bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Miaolian Hua
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Waak MB, Hozalski RM, Hallé C, LaPara TM. Comparison of the microbiomes of two drinking water distribution systems-with and without residual chloramine disinfection. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:87. [PMID: 31174608 PMCID: PMC6556008 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual disinfection is often used to suppress biological growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), but not without undesirable side effects. In this study, water-main biofilms, drinking water, and bacteria under corrosion tubercles were analyzed from a chloraminated DWDS (USA) and a no-residual DWDS (Norway). Using quantitative real-time PCR, we quantified bacterial 16S rRNA genes and ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) of Nitrosomonas oligotropha and ammonia-oxidizing archaea-organisms that may contribute to chloramine loss. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes were sequenced to assess community taxa and diversity. RESULTS The chloraminated DWDS had lower biofilm biomass (P=1×10-6) but higher N. oligotropha-like amoA genes (P=2×10-7) than the no-residual DWDS (medians =4.7×104 and 1.1×103amoA copies cm-2, chloraminated and no residual, respectively); archaeal amoA genes were only detected in the no-residual DWDS (median =2.8×104 copies cm-2). Unlike the no-residual DWDS, biofilms in the chloraminated DWDS had lower within-sample diversity than the corresponding drinking water (P<1×10-4). Chloramine was also associated with biofilms dominated by the genera, Mycobacterium and Nitrosomonas (≤91.7% and ≤39.6% of sequences, respectively). Under-tubercle communities from both systems contained corrosion-associated taxa, especially Desulfovibrio spp. (≤98.4% of sequences). CONCLUSIONS Although residual chloramine appeared to decrease biofilm biomass and alpha diversity as intended, it selected for environmental mycobacteria and Nitrosomonas oligotropha-taxa that may pose water quality challenges. Drinking water contained common freshwater plankton and did not resemble corresponding biofilm communities in either DWDS; monitoring of tap water alone may therefore miss significant constituents of the DWDS microbiome. Corrosion-associated Desulfovibrio spp. were observed under tubercles in both systems but were particularly dominant in the chloraminated DWDS, possibly due to the addition of sulfate from the coagulant alum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Waak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens veg 5, Trondheim, 7491 Norway
| | - Raymond M. Hozalski
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, 55108 MN USA
| | - Cynthia Hallé
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens veg 5, Trondheim, 7491 Norway
| | - Timothy M. LaPara
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, 55108 MN USA
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Contrasting bacterial community structure in artificial pit mud-starter cultures of different qualities: a complex biological mixture for Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu production. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:89. [PMID: 30800600 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex starter culture for artificial pit mud (APMSC) hosts a wide variety of microbial communities that play a crucial role in Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu production. Based on its organoleptic properties, the quality of APMSC can be divided into normal and inferior quality grades. However, the relationship between the APMSC microbial community and APMSC quality is poorly understood. In this study, the bacterial community structure in normal and inferior APMSC derived from two different production batches was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Highly similar patterns of bacterial diversity and community structure were observed in the APMSC samples of the same quality, and a significant higher bacterial species diversity (Shannon index and Chao1) was detected in the normal compared to the inferior APMSC samples. Fifteen genera were detected in the APMSC samples, and seven (Caproiciproducens, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Rummeliibacillus, and Sporolactobacillus) were dominant, accounting for 92.12-99.89% of total abundance. Furthermore, the bacterial communities in the normal and inferior APMSC had significantly different structure and function. The normal APMSC was characterized by abundant Caproiciproducens and Clostridium and high caproic and butyric acid contents. In contrast, the inferior APMSC was overrepresented by Lactobacillus and Bacillus and lactic and acetic acids. This study may help clarify the key microbes sustaining APMSC ecosystem stability and functionality, and guide future improvements in APMSC production.
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Lei Z, Zhang K, Li C, Jiao T, Wu J, Wei Y, Tian K, Li C, Tang D, Davis DI, Casper DP, Jiang H, Wang X, Wang J. Ruminal metagenomic analyses of goat data reveals potential functional microbiota by supplementation with essential oil-cobalt complexes. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30717674 PMCID: PMC6362596 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential Oils (EO) are complex mixtures of plant secondary metabolites that have been proposed as promising feed additives for mitigating methane and ammonia emissions. We have previously demonstrated that Essential Oil-Cobalt (EOC) supplementation resulted in increased average daily gain and improved phenotypes (cashmere fiber traits, carcass weight, and meat quality) when cashmere goats received supplementation at approximately 2 mg/kg of body weight. However, the ruminal microbiological effects of EO remain poorly understood with regard to the extent to which ruminal populations can adapt to EO presence as feed ingredients. The effects of varying levels of EO require additional study. Results In this study, we conducted metagenomic analyses using ruminal fluid samples from three groups (addition of 0, 52, and 91 mg) to evaluate the influence of dietary EOC supplementation on goat rumen bacterial community dynamics. EOC addition resulted in changes of ruminal fermentation types and the EOC dose strongly impacted the stability of ruminal microbiota. The Bacteroides sp. and Succinivibrio sp. type bacterial community was positively associated with improved volatile fatty acid production when the diet was supplemented with EOC. Conclusions A clear pattern was found that reflected rapid fermentative improvement in the rumen, subsequent to butyrate metabolism and EOC based feed additives may affect rumen microbes to further improve feed conversion. This observation indicates that EOC can be safely used to enhance animal productivity and to reduce ammonia and waste gas emissions, thus positively impacting the environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1400-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yubing Wei
- The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Ganzhou County, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Defu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | | | | | - Hui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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12
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Aggarwal S, Gomez-Smith CK, Jeon Y, LaPara TM, Waak MB, Hozalski RM. Effects of Chloramine and Coupon Material on Biofilm Abundance and Community Composition in Bench-Scale Simulated Water Distribution Systems and Comparison with Full-Scale Water Mains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13077-13088. [PMID: 30351033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of bacteria in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) reside in biofilms on the interior walls of water mains. Little is known about how water quality conditions affect water-main biofilms because of the inherent limitations in experimenting with drinking water supplies and accessing the water mains for sampling. Bench-scale reactors permit experimentation and ease of biofilm sampling, yet questions remain as to how well biofilms in laboratory reactors represent those on water mains. In this study, the effects of DWDS pipe materials and chloramine residual on biofilms were investigated by cultivating biofilms on cement, polyvinyl chloride, and high density polyethylene coupons in CDC reactors for up to 28 months in the presence of chloraminated or dechlorinated tap water. The bench-scale biofilm microbiomes were then compared with the microbiome on a water main from the full-scale system that supplied the water to the reactors. The presence of a chloramine residual (1.74 ± 0.21 mg/L) suppressed biofilm accumulation and selected for Mycobacterium-like and Sphingopyxis-like operational taxonomic units (OTUs) while the destruction of the chloramine residual resulted in a significant increase in biomass quantity and a shift toward a more diverse community dominated by Nitrospira-like OTUs, which, our results suggest, may be complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Coupon material, however, had a relatively minor effect on the abundance and community composition of the biofilm bacteria. Although biofilm communities from the chloraminated water reactor and the water mains shared some dominant populations (namely, Mycobacterium- and Nitrosomonas-like OTUs), the communities were significantly different. This manuscript provides novel insights into the effects of dechlorination and pipe material on biofilm community composition. Furthermore, to our knowledge, it is the first study to compare biofilm in a tap water-fed, bench-scale simulated distribution system to biofilm on water mains from the full-scale system supplying the tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Aggarwal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , Alaska 99775 , United States
| | - C Kimloi Gomez-Smith
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio 43606-339 , United States
| | - Timothy M LaPara
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
- BioTechnology Institute , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Michael B Waak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Raymond M Hozalski
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
- BioTechnology Institute , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
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13
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Wanner P, Parker BL, Chapman SW, Lima G, Gilmore A, Mack EE, Aravena R. Identification of Degradation Pathways of Chlorohydrocarbons in Saturated Low-Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7296-7306. [PMID: 29865795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) can be used to differentiate the degradation pathways of chlorohydrocarbons in saturated low-permeability sediments. For that purpose, a site was selected, where a complex mixture of chlorohydrocarbons contaminated an aquifer-aquitard system. Almost 50 years after contaminant releases, high-resolution concentration, CSIA, and microbial profiles were determined. The CSIA profiles showed that in the aquitard cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), first considered as a degradation product of trichloroethene (TCE), is produced by the dichloroelimination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA). In contrast, TeCA degrades to TCE via dehydrohalogenation in the aquifer, indicating that the aquifer-aquitard interface separates two different degradation pathways for TeCA. Moreover, the CSIA profiles showed that chloroform (CF) is degraded to dichloromethane (DCM) via hydrogenolysis in the aquitard and, to a minor degree, produced by the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT). Several microorganisms capable of degrading chlorohydrocarbons were detected in the aquitard, suggesting that aquitard degradation is microbially mediated. Furthermore, numerical simulations reproduced the aquitard concentration and CSIA profiles well, which allowed the determination of degradation rates for each transformation pathway. This improves the prediction of contaminant fate in the aquitard and potential magnitude of impacts on the adjacent aquifer due to back-diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wanner
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Beth L Parker
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Steven W Chapman
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Glaucia Lima
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Department of Civil Engineering , University of Toronto , 35 Saint George Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , M5S 1A4
| | - Adam Gilmore
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Regional Municipality of Halton , 1151 Bronte Road , Oakville , Ontario , Canada L6M 3L1
| | - E Erin Mack
- DuPont , 974 Centre Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19805 , United States
| | - Ramon Aravena
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada N2L 3GI
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14
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Huber KJ, Overmann J. Vicinamibacteraceae fam. nov., the first described family within the subdivision 6 Acidobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2331-2334. [PMID: 29809123 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidobacteria constitute a globally widespread phylum and mainly inhabit soil environments. Despite their high abundance and activity, only 60 species from seven of the 26 acidobacterial subdivisions (sds; corresponding to class level) are (validly) described. Thus, only a low number of higher taxonomic ranks is currently distinguished within the Acidobacteria. Additionally, the distribution of the known acidobacterial species within the described families of the Acidobacteriaceae (sd1), Bryobacteraceae (sd3), Blastocatellaceae (sd4), Pyrinomonadaceae (sd4), Holophagaceae (sd8) and Acanthopleuribacteraceae (sd8) is extremely biased as most strains are affiliated with the Acidobacteriaceae. Members of this family are characteristic for acidic soils. In contrast, culture-independent analysis of microbial communities worldwide revealed that sd6 Acidobacteria prevail in soils with neutral pH. To improve the existing acidobacterial taxonomy, we here formally describe the first family within sd6 Acidobacteria, the Vicinamibacteraceae. Members of the Vicinamibacteraceae are aerobic, neutrophilic, psychrotolerant to mesophilic chemoheterotrophs. Their cells stain Gram-negative, do not form capsules or spores, and are non-motile. They occur as single cells or in aggregates and divide by binary fission. Growth occurs on sugars or complex proteinaceous compounds. MK-8 is the major quinone. Major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω7c or ω9c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. Unidentified glycolipids or unknown phospholipids might also be present. The G+C content of the DNA ranges from 64.7 to 65.9 mol%. Within the Vicinamibacteraceae fam. nov., Vicinamibacter and Luteitalea are the only genera described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Huber
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Zainun MY, Simarani K. Metagenomics profiling for assessing microbial diversity in both active and closed landfills. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:269-278. [PMID: 29117585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The municipal landfill is an example of human-made environment that harbours some complex diversity of microorganism communities. To evaluate this complexity, the structures of bacterial communities in active (operational) and closed (non-operational) landfills in Malaysia were analysed with culture independent metagenomics approaches. Several points of soil samples were collected from 0 to 20cm depth and were subjected to physicochemical test, such as temperature, pH, and moisture content. In addition, the heavy metal contamination was determined by using ICPMS. The bacterial enumeration was examined on nutrient agar (NA) plates aerobically at 30°C. The soil DNA was extracted, purified and amplified prior to sequence the 16S rRNA gene for statistical and bioinformatics analyses. As a result, the average of bacteria for the closed landfill was higher compared to that for the active landfill at 9.16×107 and 1.50×107, respectively. The higher bacterial OTUs sequenced was also recorded in closed landfills compared to active landfill i.e. 6625 and 4552 OTUs respectively. The data from both landfills showed that the predominant phyla belonged to Proteobacteria (55.7%). On average, Bacteroidetes was the second highest phylum followed by Firmicutes for the active landfill. While the phyla for communities in closed landfill were dominated by phyla from Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. There was also Euryarchaeota (Archaea) which became a minor phylum that was detected in active landfill, but almost completely absent in closed landfill. As such, the composition of bacterial communities suggests some variances between the bacterial communities found in active and closed landfills. Thus, this study offers new clues pertaining to bacterial diversity pattern between the varied types of landfills studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Yusof Zainun
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khanom Simarani
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Research in Waste Management, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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D'Auria G, Artacho A, Rojas RA, Bautista JS, Méndez R, Gamboa MT, Gamboa JR, Gómez-Cruz R. Metagenomics of Bacterial Diversity in Villa Luz Caves with Sulfur Water Springs. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E55. [PMID: 29361802 PMCID: PMC5793206 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
New biotechnology applications require in-depth preliminary studies of biodiversity. The methods of massive sequencing using metagenomics and bioinformatics tools offer us sufficient and reliable knowledge to understand environmental diversity, to know new microorganisms, and to take advantage of their functional genes. Villa Luz caves, in the southern Mexican state of Tabasco, are fed by at least 26 groundwater inlets, containing 300-500 mg L-1 H2S and <0.1 mg L-1 O2. We extracted environmental DNA for metagenomic analysis of collected samples in five selected Villa Luz caves sites, with pH values from 2.5 to 7. Foreign organisms found in this underground ecosystem can oxidize H2S to H2SO4. These include: biovermiculites, a bacterial association that can grow on the rock walls; snottites, that are whitish, viscous biofilms hanging from the rock walls, and sacks or bags of phlegm, which live within the aquatic environment of the springs. Through the emergency food assistance program (TEFAP) pyrosequencing, a total of 20,901 readings of amplification products from hypervariable regions V1 and V3 of 16S rRNA bacterial gene in whole and pure metagenomic DNA samples were generated. Seven bacterial phyla were identified. As a result, Proteobacteria was more frequent than Acidobacteria. Finally, acidophilic Proteobacteria was detected in UJAT5 sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Auria
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia 46020.
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia 46020.
| | - Rafael A Rojas
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Exact Sciences and Engineering Campus, Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán 97050..
| | - José S Bautista
- Biological Sciences Academic Division, Autonomous University Juárez de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco 99630, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Méndez
- Biological Sciences Academic Division, Autonomous University Juárez de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco 99630, Mexico.
| | - María T Gamboa
- Biological Sciences Academic Division, Autonomous University Juárez de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco 99630, Mexico.
| | - Jesús R Gamboa
- Biological Sciences Academic Division, Autonomous University Juárez de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco 99630, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo Gómez-Cruz
- Biological Sciences Academic Division, Autonomous University Juárez de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco 99630, Mexico.
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17
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Duncan J, Bokhary A, Fatehi P, Kong F, Lin H, Liao B. Thermophilic membrane bioreactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1180-1193. [PMID: 28736143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study undertakes a state-of-the-art review on thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs). Thermophilic aerobic membrane bioreactors (ThAeMBR) and thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactors (ThAnMBR) have been widely tested for various high-temperature industrial wastewater treatments at lab- and pilot-scale studies and full-scale applications. The biological and membrane performances of the ThAeMBRs and ThAnMBRs could be better, comparable or poorer, as compared to the mesophilic ones. In general, sludge yield was much lower, biodegradation kinetic was higher, and microbial community was less diversity in the ThAeMBR and ThAnMBR systems. The results from the literature show that ThMBR technology has demonstrated many advantages and is a promising technology for industrial wastewater treatment and sludge digestion. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities of various ThMBRs for industrial applications are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Duncan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Fangong Kong
- College of Paper-making and Plant Resources Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; College of Paper-making and Plant Resources Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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18
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Huang C, Zeng G, Huang D, Lai C, Xu P, Zhang C, Cheng M, Wan J, Hu L, Zhang Y. Effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation on bacterial community and metal stabilization in lead-contaminated agricultural waste composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:294-303. [PMID: 28683381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation on bacterial community and lead (Pb) stabilization in composting of Pb-contaminated agricultural waste were studied. It was found that the bioavailable Pb was transformed to stable Pb after composting with inoculum of P. chrysosporium. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio significantly (P<0.05) influenced the distribution of Pb fractions. The richness and diversity of bacterial community were reduced under Pb stress and increased after inoculation with P. chrysosporium. Redundancy analysis indicated that C/N ratio, total organic matter, temperature and soluble-exchangeable Pb were the significant parameters to affect the bacterial community structure, solely explained 14.7%, 11.1%, 10.4% and 8.3% of the variation in bacterial community composition, respectively. In addition, the main bacterial species, being related to organic matter degradation and Pb stabilization, were found. These findings will provide useful information for composting of heavy metal-contaminated organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jia Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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19
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Bravo D, Ferrero P, Penya-Roja JM, Álvarez-Hornos FJ, Gabaldón C. Control of VOCs from printing press air emissions by anaerobic bioscrubber: Performance and microbial community of an on-site pilot unit. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 197:287-295. [PMID: 28391101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel process consisted of an anaerobic bioscrubber was studied at the field scale for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a printing press facility. The pilot unit worked under high fluctuating waste gas emissions containing ethanol, ethyl acetate, and 1-ethoxy-2-propanol as main pollutants, with airflows ranging between 184 and 1253 m3 h-1 and an average concentration of 1126 ± 470 mg-C Nm-3. Three scrubber configurations (cross-flow and vertical-flow packings and spray tower) were tested, and cross-flow packing was found to be the best one. For this packing, daily average values of VOC removal efficiency ranged between 83% and 93% for liquid to air volume ratios between 3.5·10-3 and 9.1·10-3. Biomass growth was prevented by periodical chemical cleaning; the average pressure drop was 165 Pa m-1. Rapid initiation of anaerobic degradation was achieved by using granular sludge from a brewery wastewater treatment plant. Despite the intermittent and fluctuating organic load, the expanded granular sludge bed reactor showed an excellent level of performance, reaching removal efficiencies of 93 ± 5% at 25.1 ± 3.2 °C, with biogas methane content of 94 ± 3% in volume. Volatile fatty acid concentration was as low as 200 mg acetic acid L-1 by treating daily average organic loads up to 3.0 kg COD h-1, equivalent to 24 kg COD m-3 bed d-1. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results revealed the initial shift of the domains Archaea and Bacteria associated with the limitation of the carbon source to a few organic solvents. The Archaea domain was more sensitive, resulting in a drop of the Shannon index from 1.07 to 0.41 in the first 123 days. Among Archaea, the predominance of Methanosaeta persisted throughout the experimental period. The increase in the proportion of Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium sp. was linked to the spontaneous variations of operating temperature and load, respectively. Among Bacteria, high levels of ethanol degraders (Geobacter and Pelobacter sp.) were observed during the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bravo
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avd. Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Pure Air Solutions, PB 135, 8440 AC, Heerenveen, The Netherlands
| | - P Ferrero
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avd. Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J M Penya-Roja
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avd. Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F J Álvarez-Hornos
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avd. Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - C Gabaldón
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avd. Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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20
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Liu C, Dong Y, Hou L, Deng N, Jiao R. Acidobacteria Community Responses to Nitrogen Dose and Form in Chinese Fir Plantations in Southern China. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:396-403. [PMID: 28184989 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acidobacteria is a new bacterial group, identified by molecular research, which is widely distributed and has specific ecological functions in forest soil. In this study, we investigated Acidobacteria response to N input, and the effects were related to N form and dose. The experimental design included two N forms (NH4+-N and NO3--N) and five levels of N deposition (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg N ha-1) for 2 years. Research into the Acidobacteria community was conducted using 16Sr RNA gene-based high-throughput pyrosequencing methods. Acidobacteria OTUs and N had a negative relationship in 0-60 kg ha-1 year-1; however, at N doses beyond a certain size, nitrogen might promote an increase in Acidobacteria OTUs. The Acidobacteria relative abundance under NH4+-N treatment was higher than under NO3--N treatment. Acidobacteria relative abundance decreased with increasing of NH4+-N dose, but increased with increasing NO3--N dose. Overall, 13 different Acidobacteria subgroups were identified, with Gp1, Gp2, and Gp3 being dominant. Significant differences in Acidobacteria distribution were primarily caused by N input and pH value. The environmental factors of N were all negatively related to Acidobacteria distribution in low N dose treatments (0-20 kg ha-1 year-1), but were positively related in response to N dose treatments (40-80 kg ha-1 year-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Hou
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Deng
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruzhen Jiao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
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Mehri I, Lajnef R, Rejab AB, Khessairi A, Cherif H, Ouzari H, Hassen A. Biofilms in bioremediation and wastewater treatment: characterization of bacterial community structure and diversity during seasons in municipal wastewater treatment process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3519-3530. [PMID: 27878485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community structure and diversity were assessed at the scale of rotating biodisk procedure (RB) in a semi-industrial pilot plant. As well, the Salmonella community was particularly monitored, and the effects of ultraviolet (UV-C254) on the bacterial community were studied. The identification of dominant bacteria revealed the presence of beneficial and useful species that could play an important role in the process of wastewater purification. Several species as Enterobacter agglomerans, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Pantoea agglomerans known for their bioremediation activities were revealed in the majority of biofilm samples. Common detection of Salmonella community provides evidence that the RB system did not seriously affect Salmonella. Furthermore, the investigation on the (UV)-C254 inactivation of the whole bacterial community, in secondary treated wastewater, showed variable UV resistance results. No Salmonella detection was registered at a dose of around 1440 mW s cm-2 since a total disappearance of Salmonella was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mehri
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Rim Lajnef
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ben Rejab
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Khessairi
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Cherif
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Hadda Ouzari
- Laboratoire Microorganisme and Biomolécules Actives, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Water Research and Technology Centre (CERTE), Borj Cédria Technology Park, P.O. BOX 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
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22
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Chen Y, Ma S, Li Y, Yan M, Zeng G, Zhang J, Zhang J, Tan X. Microbiological study on bioremediation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) contaminated soil by agricultural waste composting. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9709-9718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou H, Li X, Chu Z, Zhang J. Effect of temperature downshifts on a bench-scale hybrid A/O system: Process performance and microbial community dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:500-507. [PMID: 27035388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effect of temperature downshifts on process performance and bacterial community dynamics was investigated in a bench-scale hybrid A/O system treating real domestic wastewater. Results showed that the average COD removal in this system reached 90.5%, 89.1% and 90.3% for Run 1 (25 °C), Run 2 (15 °C) and Run 3 (10 °C), respectively, and variations in temperature barely affected the effluent COD concentration. The average removal efficiencies of NH4(+)-N were 98.4%, 97.8%, 95.7%, and that of TN were 77.1%, 61.8%, 72% at 25 °C, 15 °C and 10 °C, respectively. Although the hybrid system was subjected to low temperature, this process effectively removed NH4(+)-N and TN even at 10 °C with the average effluent concentrations of 2.4 mg/L and 14.3 mg/L, respectively. Results from high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that when the operation temperature decreased from 25 °C to 10 °C, the richness and diversity indexes of the system decreased in the sludge samples, while underwent an increase in the biofilm samples. Furthermore, the major heterotrophic bacteria consisted of Lewinella, Lutimonas, Chitinophaga and Fluviicola at 10 °C, which could be central to effective COD removal at low temperature. Additionally, Azospira, one denitrifying-related genus increased from 0.4% to 4.45% in the biofilm samples, with a stable TN removal in response to temperature downshifts. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira increased significantly in the biofilm samples, implying that the attached biofilm contributed to more nitrification at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexi Zhou
- School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhaorui Chu
- School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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24
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Jabari L, Gannoun H, Khelifi E, Cayol JL, Godon JJ, Hamdi M, Fardeau ML. Bacterial ecology of abattoir wastewater treated by an anaerobic digestor. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:73-84. [PMID: 26887229 PMCID: PMC4822766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jabari
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Hana Gannoun
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis (ISSBAT) 9, avenue Zouhaïer Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eltaief Khelifi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc Cayol
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Godon
- INRA U050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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Goh S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fane AG. Membrane Distillation Bioreactor (MDBR) - A lower Green-House-Gas (GHG) option for industrial wastewater reclamation. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 140:129-142. [PMID: 25262945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-retention membrane bioreactor system, the Membrane Distillation Bioreactor (MDBR) is a wastewater reclamation process which has the potential to tap on waste heat generated in industries to produce high quality product water. There are a few key factors which could make MDBR an attractive advanced treatment option, namely tightening legal requirements due to increasing concerns on the micropollutants in industrial wastewater effluents as well as concerns over the electrical requirement of pressurized advanced treatment processes and greenhouse gas emissions associated with wastewater reclamation. This paper aims to provide a consolidated review on the current state of research for the MDBR system and to evaluate the system as a possible lower Green House Gas (GHG) emission option for wastewater reclamation using the membrane bioreactor-reverse osmosis (MBR-RO) system as a baseline for comparison. The areas for potential applications and possible configurations for MDBR applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yu Liu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Anthony G Fane
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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26
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Gomez-Smith CK, LaPara TM, Hozalski RM. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Mycobacteria Dominate the Biofilm Communities in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8432-8440. [PMID: 26098899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quantity and composition of bacterial biofilms growing on 10 water mains from a full-scale chloraminated water distribution system were analyzed using real-time PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and next-generation, high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Water mains with corrosion tubercles supported the greatest amount of bacterial biomass (n = 25; geometric mean = 2.5 × 10(7) copies cm(-2)), which was significantly higher (P = 0.04) than cement-lined cast-iron mains (n = 6; geometric mean = 2.0 × 10(6) copies cm(-2)). Despite spatial variation of community composition and bacterial abundance in water main biofilms, the communities on the interior main surfaces were surprisingly similar, containing a core group of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to only 17 different genera. Bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium dominated all communities at the main wall-bulk water interface (25-78% of the community), regardless of main age, estimated water age, main material, and the presence of corrosion products. Further sequencing of the mycobacterial heat shock protein gene (hsp65) provided species-level taxonomic resolution of mycobacteria. The two dominant Mycobacteria present, M. frederiksbergense (arithmetic mean = 85.7% of hsp65 sequences) and M. aurum (arithmetic mean = 6.5% of hsp65 sequences), are generally considered to be nonpathogenic. Two opportunistic pathogens, however, were detected at low numbers: M. hemophilum (arithmetic mean = 1.5% of hsp65 sequences) and M. abscessus (arithmetic mean = 0.006% of hsp65 sequences). Sulfate-reducing bacteria from the genus Desulfovibrio, which have been implicated in microbially influenced corrosion, dominated all communities located underneath corrosion tubercules (arithmetic mean = 67.5% of the community). This research provides novel insights into the quantity and composition of biofilms in full-scale drinking water distribution systems, which is critical for assessing the risks to public health and to the water supply infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kimloi Gomez-Smith
- †Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- ‡Water Resources Sciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Timothy M LaPara
- †Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- §BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Raymond M Hozalski
- †Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- §BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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27
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Development and validation of a multiplex reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the rapid detection of Citrus tristeza virus, Citrus psorosis virus, and Citrus leaf blotch virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 220:64-75. [PMID: 25907469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A single real-time multiplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), and Citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV) was developed and validated using three different fluorescently labeled minor groove binding qPCR probes. To increase the detection reliability, coat protein (CP) genes from large number of different isolates of CTV, CPsV and CLBV were sequenced and a multiple sequence alignment was generated with corresponding CP sequences from the GenBank and a robust multiplex RT-qPCR assay was designed. The capacity of the multiplex RT-qPCR assay in detecting the viruses was compared to singleplex RT-qPCR designed specifically for each virus and was assessed using multiple virus isolates from diverse geographical regions and citrus species as well as graft-inoculated citrus plants infected with various combination of the three viruses. No significant difference in detection limits was found and specificity was not affected by the inclusion of the three assays in a multiplex RT-qPCR reaction. Comparison of the viral load for each virus using singleplex and multiplex RT-qPCR assays, revealed no significant differences between the two assays in virus detection. No significant difference in Cq values was detected when using one-step and two-step multiplex RT-qPCR detection formats. Optimizing the RNA extraction technique for citrus tissues and testing the quality of the extracted RNA using RT-qPCR targeting the cytochrome oxidase citrus gene as an RNA specific internal control proved to generate better diagnostic assays. Results showed that the developed multiplex RT-qPCR can streamline viruses testing of citrus nursery stock by replacing three separate singleplex assays, thus reducing time and labor while retaining the same sensitivity and specificity. The three targeted RNA viruses are regulated pathogens for California's mandatory "Section 3701: Citrus Nursery Stock Pest Cleanliness Program". Adopting a compatible multiplex RT-qPCR testing protocol for these viruses as well as other RNA and DNA regulated pathogens will provide a valuable alternative tool for virus detection and efficient program implementation.
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28
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Hull NM, Reens AL, Robertson CE, Stanish LF, Harris JK, Stevens MJ, Frank DN, Kotter C, Pace NR. Molecular analysis of single room humidifier bacteriology. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:318-327. [PMID: 25574772 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Portable, single-room humidifiers are commonly used in homes for comfort and health benefits, but also create habitats for microbiology. Currently there is no information on home humidifier microbiology aside from anecdotal evidence of infection with opportunistic pathogens and irritation from endotoxin exposure. To obtain a broader perspective on humidifier microbiology, DNAs were isolated from tap source waters, tank waters, and biofilm samples associated with 26 humidifiers of ultrasonic and boiling modes of operation in the Front Range of Colorado. Humidifiers sampled included units operated by individuals in their homes, display models continuously operated by a retail store, and new humidifiers operated in a controlled laboratory study. The V1V2 region of the rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced to determine the taxonomic composition of humidifier samples. Communities encountered were generally low in richness and diversity and were dominated by Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, and Burkholderiales of the Proteobacteria, and MLE1-12, a presumably non-photosynthetic representative of the cyanobacterial phylum. Very few sequences of potential health concern were detected. The bacteriology encountered in source waters sampled here was similar to that encountered in previous studies of municipal drinking waters. Source water bacteriology was found to have the greatest effect on tank water and biofilm bacteriology, an effect confirmed by a controlled study comparing ultrasonic and boiler humidifiers fed with tap vs. treated (deionized, reverse osmosis, 0.2 μm filtered) water over a period of two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hull
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Abigail L Reens
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Lee F Stanish
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - J Kirk Harris
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Stevens
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cassandra Kotter
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Norman R Pace
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
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29
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Challacombe J, Kuske C. Mobile genetic elements in the bacterial phylum Acidobacteria. Mob Genet Elements 2014; 2:179-183. [PMID: 23087842 PMCID: PMC3469429 DOI: 10.4161/mge.21943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the genome of Candidatus Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076, a member of the phylum Acidobacteria, revealed a large number of genes associated with mobile genetic elements. These genes encoded transposases, insertion sequence elements and phage integrases. When the amino acid sequences of the mobile element-associated genes were compared, many of them had high (90–100%) amino acid sequence identities, suggesting that these genes may have recently duplicated and dispersed throughout the genome. Although phage integrase encoding genes were prevalent in the Can. S. usitatus Ellin6076 genome, no intact prophage regions were found. This suggests that the Can. S. usitatus Ellin6076 large genome arose by horizontal gene transfer via ancient bacteriophage and/or plasmid-mediated transduction, followed by widespread small-scale gene duplications, resulting in an increased number of paralogs encoding traits that could provide selective metabolic, defensive and regulatory advantages in the soil environment. Here we examine the mobile element repertoire of Can. S. usitatus Ellin6076 in comparison to other genomes from the Acidobacteria phylum, reviewing published studies and contributing some new analyses. We also discuss the presence and potential roles of mobile elements in members of this phylum that inhabit a variety of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Challacombe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bioscience Division; Los Alamos NM USA
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30
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Courtens ENP, Vlaeminck SE, Vilchez-Vargas R, Verliefde A, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Boon N. Trade-off between mesophilic and thermophilic denitrification: rates vs. sludge production, settleability and stability. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:234-244. [PMID: 25007305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of thermophilic nitrogen removal strategies will facilitate sustainable biological treatment of warm nitrogenous wastewaters. Thermophilic denitrification was extensively compared to mesophilic denitrification for the first time in this study. Two sequential batch reactors (SBR) at 34 °C and 55 °C were inoculated with mesophilic activated sludge (26 °C), fed with synthetic influent in a first phase. Subsequently, the carbon source was switched from acetate to molasses, whereas in a third phase, the nitrate source was fertilizer industry wastewater. The denitrifying sludge maintained its activity at 55 °C, resulting in an immediate process start-up, obtaining nitrogen removal rates higher than 500 mg N g(-1) VSS d(-1) in less than one week. Although the mesophilic SBR showed twice as high specific nitrogen removal rates, the maximum thermophilic denitrifying activity in this study was nearly 10 times higher than the activities reported thus far. The thermophilic SBR moreover had a 73% lower sludge volume index, a 45% lower sludge production and a higher resilience towards a change in carbon source compared with the mesophilic SBR. The higher resilience was potentially related to a higher microbial diversity and evenness of the thermophilic community at the end of the synthetic feeding period. The thermophilic microbial community showed a higher similarity over the different feeding periods implying a more stable community. Overall, this study showed the capability of mesophilic denitrifiers to maintain their activity after a large temperature increase. Existing mesophilic process systems with cooling for the treatment of warm wastewaters could thus efficiently be converted to thermophilic systems with low sludge production and good settling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie N P Courtens
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Arne Verliefde
- The Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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31
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Dao L, Grigoryeva T, Laikov A, Devjatijarov R, Ilinskaya O. Full-scale bioreactor pretreatment of highly toxic wastewater from styrene and propylene oxide production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:195-202. [PMID: 25086231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater originating from simultaneous production of styrene and propylene oxide (SPO) is classified as highly polluted with chemical oxygen demand level in the range 5965 to 9137mgL(-1)-as well as highly toxic. The dilution factor providing for a 10 percent toxic effect of wastewater samples in a test with Paramecium caudatum was 8.0-9.5. Biological approach for pretreatment and detoxification of the wastewater under full-scale bioreactor conditions was investigated. The number of suspended microorganisms and the clean up efficiency were increased up to 5.5-6.58×10(8)CFUmL(-1) and 88 percent, respectively during the bioreactor's operation. Isolates in the Citrobacter, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Paracoccus genera were dominant in the mature suspended, as well as the immobilized microbial community of the bioreactor. The most dominant representatives were tested for their ability to biodegrade the major components of the SPO wastewater and evidence of their role in the treatment process was demonstrated. The investigated pretreatment process allowed the wastewater to be detoxified for conventional treatment with activated sludge and was closely related to the maturation of the bioreactor's microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Dao
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Laikov
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan Devjatijarov
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Ilinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Zhang Y, Cong J, Lu H, Li G, Qu Y, Su X, Zhou J, Li D. Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1717-24. [PMID: 25108728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil, and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest, deciduous broadleaved forest, coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition, elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites, and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern (P<0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray-Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased (P<0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship (P<0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore, soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH, soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhang
- Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jing Cong
- Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Xiujiang Su
- Hunan Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve, Baojing 416500, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Diqiang Li
- Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Huber KJ, Wüst PK, Rohde M, Overmann J, Foesel BU. Aridibacter famidurans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aridibacter kavangonensis sp. nov., two novel members of subdivision 4 of the Acidobacteria isolated from semiarid savannah soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:1866-1875. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.060236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidobacteria constitute an abundant fraction of the soil microbial community and are currently divided into 26 subdivisions. Most cultivated members of the
Acidobacteria
are affiliated with subdivision 1, while only a few representatives of subdivisions 3, 4, 8, 10 and 23 have been isolated and described so far. Two novel isolates of subdivision 4 of the
Acidobacteria
were isolated from subtropical savannah soils and are characterized in the present work. Cells of strains A22_HD_4HT and Ac_23_E3T were immotile rods that divided by binary fission. Colonies were pink and white, respectively. The novel strains A22_HD_4HT and Ac_23_E3T were aerobic mesophiles with a broad range of tolerance towards pH (4.0–9.5 and 3.5–10.0, respectively) and temperature (15–44 and 12–47 °C, respectively). Both showed chemo-organoheterotrophic growth on some sugars, the amino sugar N-acetylgalactosamine, a few amino acids, organic acids and various complex protein substrates. Major fatty acids of A22_HD_4HT and Ac_23_E3T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 1 (C13 : 0 3-OH/iso-C15 : 1 H), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) and anteiso-C17 : 0. The major quinone was MK-8; in addition, MK-7 occurred in small amounts. The DNA G+C contents of A22_HD_4HT and Ac_23_E3T were 53.2 and 52.6 mol%, respectively. The closest described relative was
Blastocatella fastidiosa
A2-16T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 93.2 and 93.3 %, respectively. Strains A22_HD_4HT and Ac_23_E3T displayed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.4 % to each other. On the basis of the low DNA–DNA hybridization value, the two isolates represent different species. Based on morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, the new genus Aridibacter gen. nov. is proposed, with two novel species, the type species Aridibacter famidurans sp. nov. (type strain A22_HD_4HT = DSM 26555T = LMG 27985T) and a second species, Aridibacter kavangonensis sp. nov. (type strain Ac_23_E3T = DSM 26558T = LMG 27597T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J. Huber
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pia K. Wüst
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bärbel U. Foesel
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Zheng M, Liao BQ. A comparative study on thermomechanical pulping pressate treatment using thermophilic and mesophilic sequencing batch reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1409-1417. [PMID: 24701939 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.869623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the treatment of thermomechanical pulping (TMP) pressate was conducted under thermophilic (55 degrees C) and mesophilic (30 degrees C) temperatures to explore in-mill biological treatment, with the intention to operate under heat-efficient conditions. The experimental study involved sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated over 114 days. Receiving a total influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3700-4100 mg L(-1), the COD removal efficiencies of 80-90% and 75-85% were achieved for the mesophilic and thermophilic SBRs, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 and 24h. Excellent sludge settleability (sludge volume index < 100 mL g(-1) mixed liquor suspended solids) was obtained at both thermophilic and mesophilic SBRs. A higher level of effluent suspended solids was observed under thermophilic conditions. The results support the feasibility of applying thermophilic biological treatment of TMP pressate. The treated effluent has the potential for subsequent reuse as process water after polishing, thus addressing the long-standing desire to develop water system closure for the pulp and paper mill operation.
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35
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Analysis of the structure of bacteria communities and detection of resistance genes of quinolones from pharmaceutical wastewater. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Microbial ecology of anaerobic digesters: the key players of anaerobiosis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:183752. [PMID: 24701142 PMCID: PMC3950365 DOI: 10.1155/2014/183752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is the method of wastes treatment aimed at a reduction of their hazardous effects on the biosphere. The mutualistic behavior of various anaerobic microorganisms results in the decomposition of complex organic substances into simple, chemically stabilized compounds, mainly methane and CO2. The conversions of complex organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 are possible due to the cooperation of four different groups of microorganisms, that is, fermentative, syntrophic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Microbes adopt various pathways to evade from the unfavorable conditions in the anaerobic digester like competition between sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane forming bacteria for the same substrate. Methanosarcina are able to use both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways for methane production. This review highlights the cellulosic microorganisms, structure of cellulose, inoculum to substrate ratio, and source of inoculum and its effect on methanogenesis. The molecular techniques such as DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) utilized for dynamic changes in microbial communities and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) that deal with taxonomy and interaction and distribution of tropic groups used are also discussed.
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37
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Holinger EP, Ross KA, Robertson CE, Stevens MJ, Harris JK, Pace NR. Molecular analysis of point-of-use municipal drinking water microbiology. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:225-35. [PMID: 24333849 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the nature of the microbiology in tap waters delivered to consumers via public drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In order to establish a broader understanding of the microbial complexity of public drinking waters we sampled tap water from seventeen different cities between the headwaters of the Arkansas River and the mouth of the Mississippi River and determined the bacterial compositions by pyrosequencing small subunit rRNA genes. Nearly 98% of sequences observed among all systems fell into only 5 phyla: Proteobacteria (35%), Cyanobacteria (29%, including chloroplasts), Actinobacteria (24%, of which 85% were Mycobacterium spp.), Firmicutes (6%), and Bacteroidetes (3.4%). The genus Mycobacterium was the most abundant taxon in the dataset, detected in 56 of 63 samples (16 of 17 cities). Among the more rare phylotypes, considerable variation was observed between systems, and was sometimes associated with the type of source water, the type of disinfectant, or the concentration of the environmental pollutant nitrate. Abundant taxa (excepting Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts) were generally similar from system to system, however, regardless of source water type or local land use. The observed similarity among the abundant taxa between systems may be a consequence of the selective influence of chlorine-based disinfection and the common local environments of DWDS and premise plumbing pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Holinger
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, CB 347, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Kimberly A Ross
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, CB 347, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, CB 347, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Mark J Stevens
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J Kirk Harris
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Norman R Pace
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, CB 347, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
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Novel Firmicutes group implicated in the dechlorination of two chlorinated xanthones, analogues of natural organochlorines. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1210-8. [PMID: 24296507 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03472-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the abundance and diversity of natural organochlorines are well established, much is still unknown about the degradation of these compounds. Triplicate microcosms were used to determine whether, and which, bacterial communities could dechlorinate two chlorinated xanthones (2,7-dichloroxanthone and 5,7-dichloro-1,3-dihydroxylxanthone), analogues of a diverse class of natural organochlorines. According to quantitative-PCR (qPCR) results, several known dechlorinating genera were either not present or not enriched during dechlorination of the xanthones. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, however, indicated that several Firmicutes were enriched in the dechlorinating cultures compared to triplicate controls amended with nonchlorinated xanthones. One such group, herein referred to as the Gopher group, was further studied with a novel qPCR method that confirmed enrichment of Gopher group 16S rRNA genes in the dechlorinating cultures. The enrichment of the Gopher group was again tested with two new sets of triplicate microcosms. Enrichment was observed during chlorinated xanthone dechlorination in one set of these triplicate microcosms. In the other set, two microcosms showed clear enrichment while a third did not. The Gopher group is a previously unidentified group of Firmicutes, distinct from but related to the Dehalobacter and Desulfitobacterium genera; this group also contains clones from at least four unique cultures capable of dechlorinating anthropogenic organochlorines that have been previously described in the literature. This study suggests that natural chlorinated xanthones may be effective biostimulants to enhance the remediation of pollutants and highlights the idea that novel genera of dechlorinators likely exist and may be active in bioremediation and the natural cycling of chlorine.
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39
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Piterina AV, Pembroke JT. Use of PCR-DGGE Based Molecular Methods to Analyse Microbial Community Diversity and Stability during the Thermophilic Stages of an ATAD Wastewater Sludge Treatment Process as an Aid to Performance Monitoring. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 2013:162645. [PMID: 25937969 PMCID: PMC4393042 DOI: 10.5402/2013/162645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PCR and PCR-DGGE techniques have been evaluated to monitor biodiversity indexes within an ATAD (autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion) system treating domestic sludge for land spread, by examining microbial dynamics in response to elevated temperatures during treatment. The ATAD process utilises a thermophilic population to generate heat and operates at elevated pH due to degradation of sludge solids, thus allowing pasteurisation and stabilisation of the sludge. Genera-specific PCR revealed that Archaea, Eukarya and Fungi decline when the temperature reaches 59°C, while the bacterial lineage constitutes the dominant group at this stage. The bacterial community at the thermophilic stage, its similarity index to the feed material, and the species richness present were evaluated by PCR-DGGE. Parameters such as choice of molecular target (16S rDNA or rpoB genes), and electrophoresis condition, were optimised to maximise the resolution of the method for ATAD. Dynamic analysis of microbial communities was best observed utilising PCR-DGGE analysis of the V6-V8 region of 16S rDNA, while rpoB gene profiles were less informative. Unique thermophilic communities were shown to quickly adapt to process changes, and shown to be quite stable during the process. Such techniques may be used as a monitoring technique for process health and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Piterina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and the Material and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Tony Pembroke
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and the Material and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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40
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McNamara PJ, Krzmarzick MJ. Triclosan enriches forDehalococcoides-likeChloroflexiin anaerobic soil at environmentally relevant concentrations. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 344:48-52. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. McNamara
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering; Marquette University; Milwaukee; WI; USA
| | - Mark J. Krzmarzick
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater; OK; USA
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41
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Simons KL, Ansar A, Kadali K, Bueti A, Adetutu EM, Ball AS. Investigating the effectiveness of economically sustainable carrier material complexes for marine oil remediation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:202-207. [PMID: 23079411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of bioremediation to marine oil spills is limited due to dilution of either nutrients or hydrocarbonoclastic organisms. This study investigated the effectiveness of three unique natural carrier materials (mussel shells, coir peat and mussel shell/agar complex) which allowed nutrients, hydrocarbonoclastic organisms and oil to be in contact, facilitating remediation. TPH analysis after 30 d showed that mussel shells exhibited the greatest capacity to degrade oil with a 55% reduction (123.3 mg l(-1) from 276 mg l(-1)) followed by mussel shell/agar complex (49%) and coir peat (36%). Both the mussel shells and mussel shell/agar complex carriers were significantly different to the control (P=0.008 and P=0.002, respectively). DGGE based cluster analysis of the seawater microbial community showed groupings based on time rather than carriers. This study demonstrated that inexpensive, accessible waste materials used as carriers of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria led to significant degradation of hydrocarbon contaminants in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn L Simons
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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42
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Microbial population index and community structure in saline-alkaline soil using gene targeted metagenomics. Microbiol Res 2012; 168:165-73. [PMID: 23083746 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Population indices of bacteria and archaea were investigated from saline-alkaline soil and a possible microbe-environment pattern was established using gene targeted metagenomics. Clone libraries were constructed using 16S rRNA and functional gene(s) involved in carbon fixation (cbbL), nitrogen fixation (nifH), ammonia oxidation (amoA) and sulfur metabolism (apsA). Molecular phylogeny revealed the dominance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria along with archaeal members of Halobacteraceae. The library consisted of novel bacterial (20%) and archaeal (38%) genera showing ≤95% similarity to previously retrieved sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated ability of inhabitant to survive in stress condition. The 16S rRNA gene libraries contained novel gene sequences and were distantly homologous with cultured bacteria. Functional gene libraries were found unique and most of the clones were distantly related to Proteobacteria, while clones of nifH gene library also showed homology with Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. Quantitative real-time PCR exhibited that bacterial abundance was two orders of magnitude higher than archaeal. The gene(s) quantification indicated the size of the functional guilds harboring relevant key genes. The study provides insights on microbial ecology and different metabolic interactions occurring in saline-alkaline soil, possessing phylogenetically diverse groups of bacteria and archaea, which may be explored further for gene cataloging and metabolic profiling.
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Simstich B, Beimfohr C, Horn H. Lab scale experiments using a submerged MBR under thermophilic aerobic conditions for the treatment of paper mill deinking wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 122:11-16. [PMID: 22595101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the results of laboratory experiments using a thermophilic aerobic MBR (TMBR) at 50 °C. An innovative use of submerged flat-sheet MBR modules to treat circuit wastewater from the paper industry was studied. Two experiments were conducted with a flux of 8-13 L/m(2)/h without chemical membrane cleaning. COD and BOD(5) elimination rates were 83% and 99%, respectively. Calcium was reduced from 110 to 180 mg/L in the inflow to 35-60 mg/L in the permeate. However, only negligible membrane scaling occurred. The observed sludge yield was very low and amounted to 0.07-0.29 g MLSS/g COD(eliminated). Consequently, the nutrient supply of ammonia and phosphate can be lower compared to a mesophilic process. Molecular-biological FISH analysis revealed a likewise high diversity of microorganisms in the TMBR compared to the mesophilic sludge used for start-up. Furthermore, ammonia-oxidising bacteria were detected at thermophilic operation.
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Jabari L, Gannoun H, Cayol JL, Hamdi M, Fauque G, Ollivier B, Fardeau ML. Characterization of Defluviitalea saccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter treating abattoir wastewaters, and proposal of Defluviitaleaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:550-555. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.030700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, terminal-spore-forming bacterium was isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter treating abattoir wastewaters in Tunisia. This strain, designated LIND6LT2T, grew at 40–60 °C (optimum 50–55 °C) and at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). It did not require NaCl for growth, but tolerated it up to 2 %. Sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite were not used as electron acceptors. Growth of LIND6LT2T was inhibited by sulfite (2 mM). Strain LIND6LT2T used cellobiose, glucose, mannose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose and xylose as electron donors. The main fermentation products from glucose metabolism were acetate, formate, butyrate and isobutyrate. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (68.4 %) and C14 : 0 (8.3 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.2 mol%. On the basis of its phylogenetic and physiological properties, a new genus and species, Defluviitalea saccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed to accommodate strain LIND6LT2T, placed in Defluviitaleaceae fam. nov. within the phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia, order Clostridiales. Strain LIND6LT2T ( = DSM 22681T = JCM 16312T) is the type strain of Defluviitalea saccharophila, which itself is the type species of Defluviitalea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jabari
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Hana Gannoun
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cayol
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Guy Fauque
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, MIOUMR 235, CNRS/INSU MIOUMR 7294, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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Belila A, Abbas B, Fazaa I, Saidi N, Snoussi M, Hassen A, Muyzer G. Sulfur bacteria in wastewater stabilization ponds periodically affected by the 'red-water' phenomenon. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:379-94. [PMID: 22354366 PMCID: PMC3536956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP) in Tunisia suffer periodically from the ‘red-water’ phenomenon due to blooming of purple sulfur bacteria, indicating that sulfur cycle is one of the main element cycles in these ponds. In this study, we investigated the microbial diversity of the El Menzeh WSP and focused in particular on the different functional groups of sulfur bacteria. For this purpose, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and of different functional genes involved in microbial sulfur metabolism (dsrB, aprA, and pufM). Analyses of the 16S rRNA revealed a relatively high microbial diversity where Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria constitute the major bacterial groups. The dsrB and aprA gene analysis revealed the presence of deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria (i.e., Desulfobacter and Desulfobulbus), while the analysis of 16S rRNA, aprA, and pufM genes assigned the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria community to the photosynthetic representatives belonging to the Chlorobi (green sulfur bacteria) and the Proteobacteria (purple sulfur and non sulfur bacteria) phyla. These results point on the diversity of the metabolic processes within this wastewater plant and/or the availability of sulfate and diverse electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Belila
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, NL-2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Imed Fazaa
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Neila Saidi
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Water Treatment and Reuse Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Bordj-Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, NL-2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li YN, Porter A, Mumford A, Zhao XH, Young L. Bacterial community structure and bamA gene diversity in anaerobic degradation of toluene and benzoate under denitrifying conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:269-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Role of environmental fluctuations and microbial diversity in degradation of hydrocarbons in contaminated sludge. Res Microbiol 2011; 162:888-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Challacombe JF, Eichorst SA, Hauser L, Land M, Xie G, Kuske CR. Biological consequences of ancient gene acquisition and duplication in the large genome of Candidatus Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24882. [PMID: 21949776 PMCID: PMC3174227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the bacterial phylum Acidobacteria are widespread in soils and sediments worldwide, and are abundant in many soils. Acidobacteria are challenging to culture in vitro, and many basic features of their biology and functional roles in the soil have not been determined. Candidatus Solibacter usitatus strain Ellin6076 has a 9.9 Mb genome that is approximately 2–5 times as large as the other sequenced Acidobacteria genomes. Bacterial genome sizes typically range from 0.5 to 10 Mb and are influenced by gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, gene loss and other evolutionary processes. Our comparative genome analyses indicate that the Ellin6076 large genome has arisen by horizontal gene transfer via ancient bacteriophage and/or plasmid-mediated transduction, and widespread small-scale gene duplications, resulting in an increased number of paralogs. Low amino acid sequence identities among functional group members, and lack of conserved gene order and orientation in regions containing similar groups of paralogs, suggest that most of the paralogs are not the result of recent duplication events. The genome sizes of additional cultured Acidobacteria strains were estimated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the prevalence of the large genome trait within the phylum. Members of subdivision 3 had larger genomes than those of subdivision 1, but none were as large as the Ellin6076 genome. The large genome of Ellin6076 may not be typical of the phylum, and encodes traits that could provide a selective metabolic, defensive and regulatory advantage in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Challacombe
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America.
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Belila A, Snoussi M, Hassan A. Rapid qualitative characterization of bacterial community in eutrophicated wastewater stabilization plant by T-RFLP method based on 16S rRNA genes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maune MW, Tanner RS. Description of Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans sp. nov., an anaerobe that produces hydrogen from glucose, and emended description of the genus Anaerobaculum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:832-838. [PMID: 21602364 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.024349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, NaCl-requiring fermentative bacterium, strain OS1T, was isolated from oil production water collected from Alaska, USA. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods (1.7-2.7×0.4-0.5 µm). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain OS1T was 46.6 mol%. The optimum temperature, pH and NaCl concentration for growth of strain OS1T were 55 °C, pH 7 and 10 g l(-1), respectively. The bacterium fermented D-fructose, D-glucose, maltose, D-mannose, α-ketoglutarate, L-glutamate, malonate, pyruvate, L-tartrate, L-asparagine, Casamino acids, L-cysteine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-valine, inositol, inulin, tryptone and yeast extract. When grown on D-glucose, 3.86 mol hydrogen and 1.4 mol acetate were produced per mol substrate. Thiosulfate, sulfur and L-cystine were reduced to sulfide, and crotonate was reduced to butyrate with glucose as the electron donor. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain OS1T was related to Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (99.7 % similarity to the type strain), a member of the phylum Synergistetes. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain OS1T and A. thermoterrenum DSM 13490T yielded 68 % relatedness. Unlike A. thermoterrenum, strain OS1T fermented malonate, maltose, tryptone, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine, but not citrate, fumarate, lactate, L-malate, glycerol, pectin or starch. The major cellular fatty acid of strain OS1T was iso-C15:0 (91 % of the total). Strain OS1T also contained iso-C13:0 3-OH (3 %), which was absent from A. thermoterrenum, and iso-C13:0 (2 %), which was absent from Anaerobaculum mobile. On the basis of these results, strain OS1T represents a novel species of the genus Anaerobaculum, for which the name Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OS1T (=DSM 22491T=ATCC BAA-1850T). An emended description of the genus Anaerobaculum is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Maune
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ralph S Tanner
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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