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Kayser V, Françon A, Pinton H, Saluzzo JF, Trout BL. Rational design of rabies vaccine formulation for enhanced stability. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:987-995. [PMID: 28618756 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1610-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Vaccines are often lyophilized in order to retain their stability and efficacy for a longer period of time. However, the same lyophilization process may also cause a major degradation of the vaccine, especially during early phases of manufacturing, leading to a loss of potency of the product. Many viral diseases, such as rabies, are acute and fatal unless the vaccine is administered prior to exposure or the onset of symptoms in the case of postexposure treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effect of lyophilization on the stability of the virus structure during rabies vaccine manufacturing using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Our results indicate that some viruses lose their stability and efficacy in the course of lyophilization if the pH of the cell culture medium is controlled by solvated CO2 because the structure of the rabies virus is very sensitive to the solution pH: the virus either aggregates or its shape is deformed at low solution pH, whereas at high pH empty capsid shells are formed. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we developed a new formulation for the rabies vaccine that is stable in different buffers owing to the prevention of pH upshift upon lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Kayser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Bernhardt L Trout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Arnemo M, Viksmoen Watle SS, Schoultz KM, Vainio K, Norheim G, Moorthy V, Fast P, Røttingen JA, Gjøen T. Stability of a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Vectored Ebola Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:930-3. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zimmer B, Summermatter K, Zimmer G. Stability and inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus, a prototype rhabdovirus. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:78-84. [PMID: 22995872 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses may remain infectious outside the host cell for considerable time and represent a source of accidental infection if not properly inactivated. In this study, the survival of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in suspension and dried on surfaces was analyzed. In addition, the sensitivity of VSV to disinfectants and physicochemical changes was investigated. VSV showed a notable stability in suspension at 4°C with virus titers remaining high over several weeks. The presence of serum proteins had a stabilizing effect on virus infectivity, whereas elevated temperatures reduced survival times. VSV dried on polystyrene, glass or stainless steel surfaces remained infectious for at least 6 days at ambient temperature. VSV showed a remarkable resistance to extreme pH in particular in the alkaline range, but could be rapidly inactivated by heating at 55°C or higher. The virus was highly sensitive to inactivation by commonly used disinfectants such as aldehydes, alcohols, and detergents. The high stability of VSV on surfaces and in suspension may facilitate dissemination of the virus in livestock by contaminated feeding and water troughs, hands, and milking equipment. This knowledge on the sensitivity of VSV to disinfectants will help to set up appropriate hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Zimmer
- Institut für Viruskrankheiten und Immunprophylaxe (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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Shinagawa M, Jinno-Oue A, Shimizu N, Roy BB, Shimizu A, Hoque SA, Hoshino H. Human T-cell leukemia viruses are highly unstable over a wide range of temperatures. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:608-617. [PMID: 22113012 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.037622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV type II (HTLV-II) are not well elucidated as cell-free viruses. We established new assay systems to detect the infectivity of cell-free HTLVs and examined the stability of cell-free HTLVs at different temperatures. HTLVs lost infectivity more rapidly than did bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is genetically related to HTLVs. The half-lives of three HTLV-I strains (two cosmopolitan strains and one Melanesian strain) at 37 °C were approximately 0.6 h, whereas the half-life of a BLV strain was 8.5 h. HTLV-I rapidly lost infectivity unexpectedly at 0 and 4 °C. We examined the stability of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes with HTLV-I, HTLV-II or BLV Env proteins, and the Env proteins of HTLVs were found to be more unstable at 4 and 25 °C than the Env proteins of the BLV. Over the course of the viral life cycle, heat treatment inhibited HTLV-I infection at the phase of attachment to the host cells, and inhibition was more marked upon entry into the cells. The HTLV-I Env surface (SU) protein (gp46) was easily released from virions during incubation at 37 °C. However, this release was inhibited by pre-treatment of the virions with N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that the inter-subunit bond between gp46 SU and gp21 transmembrane (TM) proteins is rearranged by disulfide bond isomerization. HTLVs are highly unstable over a wide range of temperatures because the disulfide bonds between the SU and TM proteins are labile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Shinagawa
- 21st Century COE Program, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Jinno-Oue
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shimizu
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Roy
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sk Ariful Hoque
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hoshino
- 21st Century COE Program, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Häfliger U, Bichsel P, Wandeler A, Steck F. Zur oralen Immunisierung von Füchsen gegen Tollwut: Stabilisierung und Köderapplikation des Impfvirus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1982.tb01261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson E, Clouthier S, Shewmaker W, Weighall A, LaPatra S. Inactivated infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccines. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:729-745. [PMID: 18752542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by b-propiolactone (BPL), binary ethylenimine (BEI), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. Chemical treatment of IHNV with 2.7 mm BPL, 1.5 mm BEI or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees C rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. The inactivated IHNV vaccines were recognized by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, IHNV-specific antibodies and were differentially recognized by antigenic site I or antigenic site II IHNV glycoprotein-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The BPL inactivated whole virus vaccine was highly efficacious in vaccinated rainbow trout challenged by waterborne exposure to IHNV 7, 28, 42 or 56 days (15 degrees C) after immunization. The formaldehyde inactivated whole virus vaccine was efficacious 7 or 11 days after vaccination of rainbow trout but performed inconsistently when tested at later time points. The other vaccines tested were not efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anderson
- Maine BioTek, Inc., Winterport, ME 04496, USA.
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) related with the Animal health risks of feeding animals with ready to use dairy products without further treatment. EFSA J 2006. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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