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van de Sande WWJ, Fahal AH. An updated list of eumycetoma causative agents and their differences in grain formation and treatment response. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0003423. [PMID: 38690871 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00034-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn 2023, the World Health Organization designated eumycetoma causative agents as high-priority pathogens on its list of fungal priority pathogens. Despite this recognition, a comprehensive understanding of these causative agents is lacking, and potential variations in clinical manifestations or therapeutic responses remain unclear. In this review, 12,379 eumycetoma cases were reviewed. In total, 69 different fungal species were identified as causative agents. However, some were only identified once, and there was no supporting evidence that they were indeed present in the grain. Madurella mycetomatis was by far the most commonly reported fungal causative agent. In most studies, identification of the fungus at the species level was based on culture or histology, which was prone to misidentifications. The newly used molecular identification tools identified new causative agents. Clinically, no differences were reported in the appearance of the lesion, but variations in mycetoma grain formation and antifungal susceptibility were observed. Although attempts were made to explore the differences in clinical outcomes based on antifungal susceptibility, the lack of large clinical trials and the inclusion of surgery as standard treatment posed challenges in drawing definitive conclusions. Limited case series suggested that eumycetoma cases caused by Fusarium species were less responsive to treatment than those caused by Madurella mycetomatis. However, further research is imperative for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W J van de Sande
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed H Fahal
- The Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Hernández-Hernández F, Méndez-Tovar LJ. Eumycetoma and Global Warming. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mhmoud NA, Siddig EE, Nyuykonge B, Bakhiet SM, van de Sande WWJ, Fahal AH. Mycetoma caused by Microascus gracilis: a novel agent of human eumycetoma in Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:426-430. [PMID: 33515449 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Microascus are uncommon agents of human diseases despite their ubiquitous presence in the environment. In this communication, the first case of white grain eumycetoma caused by the fungus Microascus gracilis is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as having actinomycetoma based on the grains morphological and cytological features and was treated with antimicrobial therapy with no clinical improvement. She underwent wide local surgical excision to improve the response to medical treatment and further grain cultural, molecular and taxonomy techniques were conducted and the diagnosis of mycetoma due to M. gracilis was established. The antifungal susceptibilities of this isolate to nine drugs were tested in vitro and they showed poor activity. Combination therapy with surgery and itraconazole led to complete recovery. A medical literature search revealed no previous report on M. gracilis as a causative agent of eumycetoma and hence we are reporting this new causative agent of human eumycetoma. Also, the difficulty in the management of this patient emphasizes the need for accurate and appropriate diagnostic tests for the identification of mycetoma-causative organisms and thus proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa A Mhmoud
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Nyuykonge
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wendy W J van de Sande
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Hassan Fahal
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
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Hallur V, Rath S, Sable M, Kar P, Rudramurthy SM, Mishra T, Deshmukh V. A rare case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Phaeoacremonium krajdenii from Odisha. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 40:172-174. [PMID: 34020845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 45-year-old healthy woodcutter presented with a cystic swelling on the sole of the left great toe. Other than barefoot walking, there was no history of trauma or significant illness in the past. Fine needle aspirate showed yeast and hyphae on microscopy and culture grew black mould which was identified as Phaeoacremonium krajdenii species and genus confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Aspiration of the lesion resulted in cure. Phaeoacremonium is a genus of fungi which are rare human pathogens, and herein we report a rare case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Phaeoacremonium krajdenii from the state of Odisha, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaykumar Hallur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Sutapa Rath
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mukund Sable
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Punyatoya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tushar Mishra
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vaishnavi Deshmukh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, India
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Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to determine the best available evidence on the most effective treatment of Madura foot. INTRODUCTION Madura foot or mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous soft-tissue infection that is endemic to several regions of Africa and Asia. It may be of fungal (eumycetoma) or bacterial (actinomycetoma) origin, warranting therapy with either antifungal or antibacterial medication as well as surgery. Without timely intervention, it often results in lifelong disability. However, it is unclear what regimes are most effective for treatment. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review considered studies that included individuals of all ages with Madura foot (actinomycetoma or eumycetoma) as confirmed by microbiological or histological studies. Studies that evaluated antibiotic and antifungal regimens (any drug, dosage, frequency, duration) as well as surgical interventions (wound debridement, advanced excision or limb amputation) for Madura foot were included. Outcomes of interest were disease resolution (as determined by complete healing of mycetoma lesion after treatment), recurrence (return of mycetoma lesion after successful treatment) and mortality. Although this review considered both experimental and epidemiological study designs for inclusion, only case series and individual case reports were identified and were therefore included in the review. METHODS A three-step search strategy, involving an initial search, a second more comprehensive search using identified keywords and a third search involving the reference lists of included articles, was utilized. Ten databases were searched. An additional 13 sources were searched for gray and/or unpublished literature. Included studies were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. A data extraction tool was used to extract data on interventions, populations, study designs and outcomes of significance to the review question. Statistical pooling was not possible, therefore a narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included in the review (27 case reports and four case series). A total of 47 patients with Madura foot were analyzed. Twenty-five had eumycetoma, 21 actinomycetoma and one had both. Therapy involved varying dosages of sulfa drugs (co-trimoxazole and dapsone), amikacin and tetracyclines administered for the therapy of actinomycetoma with resolution of disease in all affected patients. The azole derivatives (itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and miconazole) as well as co-trimoxazole were the most commonly employed drugs for eumycetoma, with resolution of disease in 88% of included patients. Surgery was performed in a total of 21 patients with resolution of disease in all cases. The overall resolution rate following therapy was 95.7%. CONCLUSION Therapy for Madura foot is informed by case series and case reports which provide low level evidence for practice. Antimicrobials in conjunction with surgery lead to resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Omondi Salim
- Afya Research Africa (ARA): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clifford Chacha Mwita
- Afya Research Africa (ARA): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Samson Gwer
- Afya Research Africa (ARA): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract
In this communication, a case of black grain eumycetoma produced by the fungus C. atrobrunneum is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with M. mycetomatis eumycetoma based on the grains’ morphological and cytological features. However, further aerobic culture of the black grains generated a melanised fungus identified as C. atrobrunneum by conventional morphological methods and by internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. This is the first-ever report of C. atrobrunneum as a eumycetoma-causative organism of black grain eumycetoma. It is essential that the causative organism is identified to the species level, as this is important for proper patient management and to predict treatment outcome and prognosis.
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Huang SK, Jeewon R, Hyde KD, Bhat DJ, Putarak Chomnunti, Wen TC. Beta-tubulin and Actin gene phylogeny supports Phaeoacremoniumovale as a new species from freshwater habitats in China. MycoKeys 2018; 41:1-15. [PMID: 30344440 PMCID: PMC6194140 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.41.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Phaeoacremonium, P.ovale (Togniniaceae), was isolated during a diversity study of freshwater fungi from Yunnan Province in China. Morphological and cultural studies of the fungus were carried out and its sexual and asexual morphs (holomorph) are introduced herein. This species is characterised by peculiar long-necked, semi-immersed ascomata with oval to ellipsoid ascospores and ellipsoid to ovoid conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined TUB and ACT gene dataset revealed that strains of P.ovale constitute a strongly supported independent lineage and are related to P.griseo-olivaceum and P.africanum. The number of nucleotide differences, across the genes analysed, also supports establishment of P.ovale as a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ke Huang
- Engineering and Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - D. Jayarama Bhat
- Azad Housing Society, No. 128/1-J, Curca, P.O. Goa Velha 403108, India
- Formerly, Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Putarak Chomnunti
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ting-Chi Wen
- Engineering and Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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8
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Gramaje D, Armengol J, Mohammadi H, Banihashemi Z, Mostert L. NovelPhaeoacremoniumspecies associated with Petri disease and esca of grapevine in Iran and Spain. Mycologia 2017; 101:920-9. [DOI: 10.3852/08-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Zia Banihashemi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch
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Alayeto Ortega J, Alier Fabregó A, Puig Verdie L, Sorli Redo ML, Horcajada Gallego JP, Portillo Bordonabe ME. Feohifomicosis subcutánea causada por Phaeoacremonium parasiticum. Rev Iberoam Micol 2015; 32:265-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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In Vitro Susceptibility Profiles of Eight Antifungal Drugs against Clinical and Environmental Strains of Phaeoacremonium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7818-22. [PMID: 26369976 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01733-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro susceptibilities of a worldwide collection of molecularly identified Phaeoacremonium strains (n = 43) belonging to seven species and originating from human and environmental sources were determined for eight antifungal drugs. Voriconazole had the lowest geometric mean MIC (0.35 μg/ml), followed by posaconazole (0.37 μg/ml), amphotericin B (0.4 μg/ml), and isavuconazole (1.16 μg/ml). Caspofungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, and itraconazole had no activity.
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11
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Gramaje D, Mostert L, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. Phaeoacremonium: from esca disease to phaeohyphomycosis. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:759-83. [PMID: 26321726 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phaeoacremonium spp. are commonly isolated from stems and branches of diseased woody hosts, and humans with phaeohyphomycosis. The genus Phaeoacremonium (Togniniaceae, Togniniales) has recently been monographed, and presently contains 46 species, while its sexual morph, Togninia, contains 26 epithets, of which 13 are insufficiently known. In this review we summarise information pertaining to the global distribution, pathology, ecology, and detection of these species, and present a case for retaining the genus Phaeoacremonium over that of Togninia. Furthermore, to obtain a single nomenclature, the following new combinations are also proposed: Phaeoacremonium africanum, P. aquaticum, P. fraxinopennsylvanicum, P. griseo-olivaceum, P. inconspicuum, P. leptorrhynchum, P. minimum, and P. vibratile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Johannes Z Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Dual Invasive Infection with Phaeoacremonium parasiticum and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides in a Renal Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature of Phaeoacremonium Phaeohyphomycosis. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2084-94. [PMID: 25903573 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00295-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing reports of human infection, data about the optimal care of Phaeoacremonium infections are missing. We report a case of an infection due to Phaeoacremonium parasiticum and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides, initially localized to skin and soft tissue, in a kidney transplant patient. Despite surgical drainage and excision of the lesion and combination antifungal therapy with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, a disseminated infection involving the lungs and brain developed and led to death. We performed a systematic literature review to assess the general features and outcome of human infections due to Phaeoacremonium species. Thirty-six articles were selected, and 42 patients, including ours, were reviewed. Thirty-one patients (74%) were immunocompromised because of organ or bone marrow transplantation (n = 17), diabetes or glucose intolerance (n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease (n = 4), chronic hematological diseases (n = 3), or chronic granulomatous disease (n = 3). Ten patients (24%) reported initial cutaneous trauma. Skin and soft tissue infections represented 57% of infections (n = 24), and disseminated infections, all occurring in immunocompromised patients, represented 14% of infections (n = 6). The main antifungal drugs used were azoles (n = 41) and amphotericin B (n = 16). Surgical excision or drainage was performed in 64% of cases (n = 27). The cure rate was 67% (n = 28). There were 10% cases of treatment failure or partial response (n = 4), 19% relapses (n = 8), and 7% losses to follow-up (n = 3). The death rate was 19% (n = 8). Management of Phaeoacremonium infections is complex because of slow laboratory identification and limited clinical data, and treatment relies on a combination of surgery and systemic antifungal therapy.
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Prasanna S, Grover N, Bhatt P, Sahni AK. A case of Aspergillus nidulans causing white granule mycetoma. Med J Armed Forces India 2015; 72:88-90. [PMID: 26900232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Prasanna
- Resident, Dept of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Naveen Grover
- Professor, Dept of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Puneet Bhatt
- Resident, Dept of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - A K Sahni
- Commandant, 174 Military Hospital, C/o 56 APO, India
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Verma R, Vasudevan B, Sahni AK, Vijendran P, Neema S, Kharayat V. First reported case ofAspergillus nidulanseumycetoma in a sporotrichoid distribution. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:74-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Verma
- Department of Dermatology; Command Hospital Pune; Pune India
| | - Biju Vasudevan
- Department of Dermatology; Command Hospital Pune; Pune India
| | - Ajay K. Sahni
- Department of Microbiology; Armed Forces Medical College; Pune India
| | | | - Shekhar Neema
- Department of Dermatology; Command Hospital Pune; Pune India
| | - Veena Kharayat
- Department of Dermatology; Command Hospital Pune; Pune India
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Pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis caused by phaeoacremonium in a kidney transplant recipient: successful treatment with posaconazole. Case Rep Med 2014; 2014:902818. [PMID: 24959182 PMCID: PMC4053290 DOI: 10.1155/2014/902818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a 49-year-old woman 6 years after kidney transplantation. She presented with dyspnea, cough, and fatigue. Her chest CT scan revealed nodular opacities in the right upper lung. A fine needle aspirate biopsy culture yielded Phaeoacremonium and surgical pathology of the biopsy showed chronic inflammation. We successfully treated her with posaconazole and managed drug interactions between posaconazole and tacrolimus. This is the second reported case of biopsy-proven pulmonary infection by Phaeoacremonium in a kidney transplant recipient and successfully treated with posaconazole.
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Mostofi K, Jeanbourquin D, Charles JI. Cervical spondylitis due to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense in an immunocompetent patient. A first case report. J Mycol Med 2012; 22:197-200. [PMID: 23518025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a case of cervical spondylitis due to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense, in a fifty-two-year-old male who complained about neck pain and tingles in his right arm. Fungal cervical spondylitis is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. This case is the first case of spondylitis due to P. venezuelense.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mostofi
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neurology Cayenne General Hospital, rue des Flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.
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18
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Damm U, Mostert L, Crous P, Fourie P. Novel Phaeoacremonium species associated with necrotic wood of Prunus trees. PERSOONIA 2008; 20:87-102. [PMID: 20467488 PMCID: PMC2865348 DOI: 10.3767/003158508x324227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated with opportunistic human infections, as well as stunted growth and die-back of various woody hosts, especially grapevines. In this study, Phaeoacremonium species were isolated from necrotic woody tissue of Prunus spp. (plum, peach, nectarine and apricot) from different stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data (5.8S rDNA, ITS1, ITS2, beta-tubulin, actin and 18S rDNA) were used to identify known, and describe novel species. From the total number of wood samples collected (257), 42 Phaeoacremonium isolates were obtained, from which 14 species were identified. Phaeoacremonium scolyti was most frequently isolated, and present on all Prunus species sampled, followed by Togninia minima (anamorph: Pm. aleophilum) and Pm. australiense. Almost all taxa isolated represent new records on Prunus. Furthermore, Pm. australiense,Pm. iranianum, T. fraxinopennsylvanica and Pm. griseorubrum represent new records for South Africa, while Pm. griseorubrum, hitherto only known from humans, is newly reported from a plant host. Five species are newly described, two of which produce a Togninia sexual state. Togninia africana, T. griseo-olivacea and Pm. pallidum are newly described from Prunus armeniaca, while Pm. prunicolum and Pm. fuscum are described from Prunus salicina.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - P.W. Crous
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.H. Fourie
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 2201, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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