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An Application of Real-Time PCR and CDC Protocol May Significantly Reduce the Incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae Infections among Neonates. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091064. [PMID: 36145496 PMCID: PMC9502553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important human opportunistic pathogen, especially infectious for pregnant women and neonates. This pathogen belongs to beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. representatives and accounts for a significant part of early infections in newborns, including serious life-threatening infections. This research investigated the usefulness of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocol for S. agalactiae DNA detection in 250 samples of recto-vaginal swabs collected from pregnant women (at 35-37 weeks of gestation) and pre-cultured overnight in liquid medium. With an application of the CDC protocol-based real-time PCR, the cfb gene was detected in 68 (27.2%) samples compared to 41 (16.4%) for the standard culture-based methodology. The applied molecular method presented high sensitivity (100.0%) and specificity (87.1%). Therefore, it allowed for more precise detection of S. agalactiae bacteria, compared to the reference diagnostic method, culture on solid media with the following strain identification. The increased sensitivity of GBS detection may result in a reduced number of infections in newborns and leads to more targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis therapy of GBS infections in pregnant women. In addition, the use of the molecular method allows for a significant reduction in the time needed to obtain a result for GBS detection, and interpretation of the results is relatively simple. Therefore, it enables a faster intervention in case of a necessity of an antibiotic therapy introduction in pregnant women whose GBS status is unknown at the time of delivery.
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Takemura K. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)- and Localized SPR (LSPR)-Based Virus Sensing Systems: Optical Vibration of Nano- and Micro-Metallic Materials for the Development of Next-Generation Virus Detection Technology. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:250. [PMID: 34436053 PMCID: PMC8391291 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global damage that a widespread viral infection can cause is evident from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of virus detection to prevent the spread of viruses has been reaffirmed by the pandemic and the associated social and economic damage. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in microscale and localized SPR (LSPR) in nanoscale virus sensing systems are thought to be useful as next-generation detection methods. Many studies have been conducted on ultra-sensitive technologies, especially those based on signal amplification. In some cases, it has been reported that even a low viral load can be measured, indicating that the virus can be detected in patients even in the early stages of the viral infection. These findings corroborate that SPR and LSPR are effective in minimizing false-positives and false-negatives that are prevalent in the existing virus detection techniques. In this review, the methods and signal responses of SPR and LSPR-based virus detection technologies are summarized. Furthermore, this review surveys some of the recent developments reported and discusses the limitations of SPR and LSPR-based virus detection as the next-generation detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Sensing System Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 07-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Japan
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Mostafa HH, Lamson DM, Uhteg K, Geahr M, Gluck L, de Cárdenas JNB, Morehead E, Forman M, Carroll KC, Hayden RT, George KS. Multicenter evaluation of the NeuMoDx™ SARS-CoV-2 Test. J Clin Virol 2020; 130:104583. [PMID: 32791382 PMCID: PMC7413157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays are the current gold standard for diagnosis and large scale screening. Performance of the highly automated high throughput NeuMoDx assay for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. Data collected from three centers: Johns Hopkins Hospital, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, and the Wadsworth Center.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused millions of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide and hundreds of thousands of deaths in less than 6 months. Mitigation measures including social distancing were implemented to control disease spread, however, thousands of new cases continue to be diagnosed daily. To resume some suspended social activities, early diagnosis and contact tracing are essential. To meet this required diagnostic and screening capacity, high throughput diagnostic assays are needed. The NeuMoDx™ SARS-CoV-2 assay, performed on a NeuMoDx molecular system, is a rapid, fully automated, qualitative real-time RT-PCR diagnostic test with throughput of up to 288 tests in an 8 -h shift. The assay received emergency use authorization from the FDA and is used in some large testing centers in the US. This paper describes the analytical and clinical performance of the assay at three centers: Johns Hopkins Hospital, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, and the Wadsworth Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mostafa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA.
| | - Daryl M Lamson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Katharine Uhteg
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | - Melissa Geahr
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | - Linda Gluck
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Morehead
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | - Michael Forman
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7093, USA
| | - Randall T Hayden
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA.
| | - Kirsten St George
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. An evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1812-1817. [PMID: 32347966 PMCID: PMC7267292 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak has evolved in each country, the approach to the laboratory assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has had to evolve as well. This review addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID‐19 and discusses how algorithms for testing have been driven, in part, by the demand for testing overwhelming the capacity to accomplish such testing. This review focused on testing in the USA, as this testing is evolving, whereas in China and other countries such as South Korea testing is widely available and includes both molecular testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as serological testing using both enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methodology and lateral flow immunoassay methodology. Although commercial testing systems are becoming available, there will likely be insufficient numbers of such tests due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next testing issue as the COVID‐19 begins to subside. This will allow immunity testing as well as will allow the parameters of the COVID‐19 outbreak to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles W Stratton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Cepheid, Danaher Diagnostic Platform, Shanghai, China
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Nörz D, Fischer N, Schultze A, Kluge S, Mayer-Runge U, Aepfelbacher M, Pfefferle S, Lütgehetmann M. Clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay on a fully automated system for rapid on-demand testing in the hospital setting. J Clin Virol 2020; 128:104390. [PMID: 32388471 PMCID: PMC7187839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a unique challenge for diagnostic laboratories around the world. Automation of workflows in molecular diagnostics is instrumental for coping with the large number of tests ordered by clinicians, as well as providing fast-tracked rapid testing for highly urgent cases. In this study we evaluated a SARS-CoV-2 LDT for the NeuMoDx 96 system, a fully automated device performing extraction and real-time PCR. METHODS A publicly available SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay was adapted for the automated system. Analytical performance was evaluated using in-vitro transcribed RNA and clinical performance was compared to the cobas 6800-based reference assay within the lab. RESULTS The Envelope (E) Gene-LDT displayed good analytical performance with an LoD of 95.55 cp/mL and no false positives during evaluation of cross-reactivity. A total of 176 patient samples were tested with both the E-Gene-LDT and the reference assay. Positive and negative agreement were 100 % and 99.2 % respectively. Invalid-rate was 6.3 %. CONCLUSION The E-Gene-LDT showed analytical and clinical performance comparable to the cobas6800-based reference assay. Due to its random-access workflow concept and rapid time-to-result of about 80 min, the system is very well suited for providing fast-tracked SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics for urgent clinical samples in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nörz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Fischer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schultze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mayer-Runge
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Pfefferle
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
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