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Struthers JD, Lim A, Ferguson S, Lee JK, Chako C, Okwumabua O, Cuneo M, Valle AMD, Brower A. Meningoencephalitis, Vasculitis, and Abortions Caused by Chlamydia pecorum in a Herd of Cattle. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:549-557. [PMID: 33590807 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A cow dairy (n = 2000) in close proximity to a sheep flock had third-trimester abortions and fatalities in cows and calves over a 14-month period. Eighteen of 33 aborted fetuses (55%) had multifocal random suppurative or mononuclear meningoencephalitis with vasculitis. Seventeen of these affected fetuses had intracytoplasmic bacteria in endothelial cells, and 1 fetus with pericarditis had similar bacteria within mesothelial cells or macrophages. Immunohistochemistry for Chlamydia spp. or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia pecorum or both, performed on brain or pooled tissue, were positive in all 14 tested fetuses that had meningoencephalitis and in 4/4 calves and in 3/4 tested cows that had meningoencephalitis and thrombotic vasculitis. In 1 calf and 11/11 fetuses, C. pecorum PCR amplicon sequences were 100% homologous to published C. pecorum sequences. Enzootic chlamydiosis due to C. pecorum was the identified cause of the late term abortions and the vasculitis and meningoencephalitis in fetuses, calves, and cows. C. pecorum, an uncommon bovine abortogenic agent, is a differential diagnosis in late-term aborted fetuses with meningoencephalitis, vasculitis, and polyserositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailam Lim
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
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Navarro JA, Buendia AJ, Martínez CM, Sánchez J, Ortega N, Gallego MC, Caro MR, Salinas J. Diagnosis of placental pathogens in small ruminants by immunohistochemistry and PCR on paraffin-embedded samples. Vet Rec 2009; 165:175-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.6.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Navarro
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - A. J. Buendia
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - C. M. Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - J. Sánchez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
| | - N. Ortega
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - M. C. Gallego
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - M. R. Caro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
| | - J. Salinas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Murcia; Campus de Espinado Murcia 30100 Spain
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Lacasta D, Ferrer LM, Ramos JJ, Loste A, Bueso JP. Digestive pathway of infection in Streptococcus dysgalactiae polyarthritis in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Van Loock M, Verminnen K, Messmer TO, Volckaert G, Goddeeris BM, Vanrompay D. Use of a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay with an internal control to detect Chlamydophila psittaci in turkeys. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5:76. [PMID: 16185353 PMCID: PMC1261267 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-5-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydophila psittaci, an important turkey respiratory pathogen, is difficult. To facilitate the diagnosis, a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) was developed to detect the Cp. psittaci outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene in pharyngeal swabs. Methods The fluorescein-biotin labelled PCR products were immobilized on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates and detected with anti-fluorescein peroxidase conjugate and a colorimetric substrate. An internal inhibition control was included to rule out the presence of inhibitors of DNA amplification. The diagnostic value of the ompA nested PCR-EIA in comparison to cell culture and a 16S-rRNA based nested PCR was assessed in pharyngeal turkey swabs from 10 different farms experiencing respiratory disease. Results The sensitivity of the nested PCR-EIA was established at 0.1 infection forming units (IFU). Specificity was 100%. The ompA nested PCR-EIA was more sensitive than the 16S-rRNA based nested PCR and isolation, revealing 105 out of 200 (52.5%) positives against 13 and 74 for the latter two tests, respectively. Twenty-nine (23.8%) out of 122 ompA PCR-EIA negatives showed the presence of inhibitors of DNA amplification, although 27 of them became positive after diluting (1/10) the specimens in PCR buffer or after phenol-chloroform extraction and subsequent ethanol precipitation. Conclusion The present study stresses the need for an internal control to confirm PCR true-negatives and demonstrates the high prevalence of chlamydiosis in Belgian turkeys and its potential zoonotic risk. The ompA nested PCR-EIA described here is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assay and will help to facilitate the diagnosis of Cp. psittaci infections in both poultry and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix Van Loock
- Department of Biosystems, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kristel Verminnen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Trudy O Messmer
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Guido Volckaert
- Department of Biosystems, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bruno M Goddeeris
- Department of Biosystems, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Demkin VV, Zimin AL. A new amplification target for PCR-RFLP detection and identification of Chlamydiaceae species. Arch Microbiol 2005; 183:169-75. [PMID: 15682280 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-004-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The family Chlamydiaceae contains nine species pathogenic to humans and animals, but their routine identification is hampered by inadequate detection methods. In an attempt to find a new region for PCR detection and discrimination of the Chlamydiaceae species, the 3' end of the omp2 gene of Chlamydiaceae has been examined. Since sequence data for this part of the genes of Chlamydophila felis and Chlamydia suis had not been available, the near full length of the omp2 genes of these species were cloned and sequenced. Consensus primers enabling amplification of a previously untargeted region spanning 1,030 bp at the 3' end of the gene were designed. Discrimination of all nine Chlamydiaceae species was achieved via RFLP analysis of the amplicons with RsaI and HinfI or RsaI and TaqI endonucleases or via electrophoretic mobility analysis of the RsaI restriction fragments in agarose gel with bisbenzimide-PEG. Intraspecies uniformity of the RFLP patterns was evaluated by the typing of reference strains, isolates of human and animal origin from culture collections, and clinical specimens, and by computer analysis of GenBank sequences. The 3' end of the omp2 gene was shown to be an appropriate marker region suitable for rapid identification of Chlamydiaceae species and can be used for characterization of collection strains and new isolates in taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Demkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia.
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Siarkou V, Lambropoulos AF, Chrisafi S, Kotsis A, Papadopoulos O. Subspecies variation in Greek strains of Chlamydophila abortus. Vet Microbiol 2002; 85:145-57. [PMID: 11844621 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Greek chlamydial strains FAS, FAG, VPG and LLG, isolated from aborted sheep or goat foetuses, had been previously characterized as divergent on the basis of mouse cross-protection experiments, with LLG and its homologous POS significantly different from the rest in inclusion morphology, polypeptide profiles and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. To determine the genetic basis of their divergence the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer was analysed by RFLP analysis of PCR 16SF2/23R amplicons. Using the restriction enzymes BfaI, SfcI, HpaI, BclI, DdeI and AclI, the strains were classified as Chlamydophila abortus. However, digestion with RsaI made it possible to differentiate strains FAS, FAG and VPG from strains LLG and POS, generating DNA fragments of 530/55 and 585bp, respectively. By subsequent sequence analysis of the 23S domain I rRNA gene only strain FAS was identical to reference strain A22 of C. abortus. Strains FAG and VPG presented an identical nucleotide deviation at position 593 of signature sequences. Strains LLG and POS presented three identical nucleotide deviations at positions 156, 186 and 307. Variation within the domain I signature sequences for the examined abortion strains was < or =0.69%. In conclusion, substantial genetic and biological diversity among strains of C. abortus was demonstrated, suggesting that subspecies variation status for certain strains may be applicable. Our findings suggest that differentiation may be possible at a subspecies level by RFLP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Siarkou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 540 06, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Hartley JC, Kaye S, Stevenson S, Bennett J, Ridgway G. PCR detection and molecular identification of Chlamydiaceae species. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3072-9. [PMID: 11526131 PMCID: PMC88299 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3072-3079.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent taxonomic developments, based on 16s and 23s rRNA gene sequences, have divided the family Chlamydiaceae into two genera and nine species, of which five have been found to infect humans. Few simple methods are available to detect and identify all species sensitively and specifically. In this study the suitability of the omp2 gene as a target for molecular identification of Chlamydiaceae is demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis of partial omp2 gene sequences from all nine species agrees with the recently published taxonomic changes based on the ribosomal genes. The use of a family-specific PCR primer pair, which is able to amplify the 5' end of the omp2 gene from all Chlamydiaceae except some Chlamydophila pecorum strains, is described. Identification of all nine species was achieved using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a single enzyme, AluI, confirmed by DNA sequencing. A PCR enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay was developed which can detect a single chlamydial genome and may be applied to DNA extracts from any specimen or culture for the detection of single or mixed human chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hartley
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DB, United Kingdom
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Creelan JL, McCullough SJ. Evaluation of strain-specific primer sequences from an abortifacient strain of ovine Chlamydophila abortus (Chalmydia psittaci) for the detection of EAE by PCR. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 190:103-8. [PMID: 10981698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain-specific primer sequences derived from the helicase gene of an ovine abortifacient strain (S26/3) of Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci) were evaluated for the diagnosis of enzootic abortion in ewes (EAE) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C abortus DNA was amplified from tissues submitted from ovine abortion cases using genus-specific and strain-specific primers in a standard thermal cycler. Amplification was followed by Southern blotting and hybridisation with a strain-specific probe. Real-time PCR was also evaluated using strain-specific primers in a microvolume fluorimeter-based thermal cycler (LightCycler). Detection using both PCR methods was compared with other diagnostic methods against the standard of McCoy cell culture isolation. In this paper we report the application of strain-specific PCR as a fast, sensitive, specific method for the detection of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Creelan
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stormont, UK
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Demkin VV, Edelstein MV, Zimin AL, Edelstein IA, Suvorov MM. Detection of sequence variation in PCR-amplified fragments of omp2 gene from three species of the family Chlamydiaceae using agarose gel electrophoresis containing bisbenzimide-PEG. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 184:215-8. [PMID: 10713423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple technique providing a means for rapid genetic differentiation of chlamydial strains is described. The technique is based on a single-step sequence-specific separation of PCR-amplified DNA fragments by electrophoresis in an agarose gel containing a DNA ligand - bisbenzimide-PEG. A hypervariable region at the 5' end of the omp2 gene of Chlamydiaceae species encoding the 60-kDa cysteine-rich outer membrane protein was selected as a target for PCR. The appropriate fragments were amplified from strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila psittaci, and the PCR products originating from different species were electrophoretically separated in the presence of the DNA ligand. We therefore demonstrated that PCR with a single pair of primers followed by simple agarose gel electrophoresis with bisbenzimide-PEG can be applied to the differentiation of three members of the family Chlamydiaceae which are commonly recognized as human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Demkin
- Institute for Molecular Genetics RAS, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia.
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Yoshida H, Kishi Y, Shiga S, Hagiwara T. Differentiation of Chlamydia species by combined use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Microbiol Immunol 1998; 42:411-4. [PMID: 9654375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To differentiate Chlamydia spp., a primer pair designed to generate a genus-specific region of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene was used in a PCR to amplify a single DNA fragment of 245-259 bp. In the PCR, the expected single DNA fragment was amplified from strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae and C. pecorum, respectively. By restriction endonuclease analysis with AluI and PvuII, the amplified products exhibited four distinct patterns, corresponding to the four species. It is, therefore, concluded that one-step PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis as described in this study could be a valuable method for the detection and differentiation of Chlamydia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshida
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Schiller I, Koesters R, Weilenmann R, Thoma R, Kaltenboeck B, Heitz P, Pospischil A. Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine. Vet Microbiol 1997; 58:251-60. [PMID: 9453135 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a previous immunohistological study, chlamydiae were detected in 5 out of 139 cases of swine abortion, and a possible implication of C. psittaci serovar 1 was suggested. The present study sought to classify the chlamydiae found in the fetal organs of these abortions. DNA extracted from 15 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens (10 livers and 5 lungs, obtained from 10 fetuses from 9 cases of abortion) was amplified in a nested PCR with Chlamydia omp1 genus-specific primers. Chlamydia DNA was amplified in 9 liver and 2 lung specimens. Eight of the amplification products were cloned, and 5 clones of each amplification were sequenced. Sequence analysis demonstrated in 7 specimens the simultaneous presence of porcine C. trachomatis S45 and C. pecorum 1710S omp1 genotypes. All DNA fragments of 1 amplification were identical to the ruminant C. psittaci B577 omp1 genotype (serovar 1). The results suggest that mixed infections with porcine C. trachomatis and C. pecorum dominate chlamydial infections associated with abortion in swine, but ruminant abortigenic C. psittaci are also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schiller
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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