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Li X, Shangguan W, Yang X, Hu X, Li Y, Zhao W, Feng M, Feng J. Influence of Lipopolysaccharide-Interacting Peptides Fusion with Endolysin LysECD7 and Fatty Acid Derivatization on the Efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2024; 16:760. [PMID: 38793641 PMCID: PMC11125741 DOI: 10.3390/v16050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has developed multiple drug resistances, posing a significant threat to antibiotic efficacy. LysECD7, an endolysin derived from phages, could be a promising therapeutic agent against multi-drug resistance A. baumannii. In this study, in order to further enhance the antibacterial efficiency of the engineered LysECD7, a few lipopolysaccharide-interacting peptides (Li5, MSI594 and Li5-MSI) were genetically fused with LysECD7. Based on in vitro antibacterial activity, the fusion protein Lys-Li5-MSI was selected for further modifications aimed at extending its half-life. A cysteine residue was introduced into Lys-Li5-MSI through mutation (Lys-Li5-MSIV12C), followed by conjugation with a C16 fatty acid chain via a protonation substitution reaction(V12C-C16). The pharmacokinetic profile of V12C-C16 exhibited a more favorable characteristic in comparison to Lys-Li5-MSI, thereby resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy against lethal A. baumannii infection in mice. The study provides valuable insights for the development of novel endolysin therapeutics and proposes an alternative therapeutic strategy for combating A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Feng
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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Samdavid Thanapaul RJR, Roberds A, Rios KE, Walsh TJ, Bobrov AG. Hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera Are More Virulent and Resistant to Antifungal Agents Than Sporangiospores In Vitro and in Galleria mellonella. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:958. [PMID: 37888214 PMCID: PMC10607466 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucorales species cause debilitating, life-threatening sinopulmonary diseases in immunocompromised patients and penetrating wounds in trauma victims. Common antifungal agents against mucormycosis have significant toxicity and are often ineffective. To evaluate treatments against mucormycosis, sporangiospores are typically used for in vitro assays and in pre-clinical animal models of pulmonary infections. However, in clinical cases of wound mucormycosis caused by traumatic inoculation, hyphal elements found in soil are likely the form of the inoculated organism. In this study, Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with either sporangiospores or hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera. Hyphal infections resulted in greater and more rapid larval lethality than sporangiospores, with an approximate 10-16-fold decrease in LD50 of hyphae for R. arrhizus (p = 0.03) and L. corymbifera (p = 0.001). Liposomal amphotericin B, 10 mg/kg, was ineffective against hyphal infection, while the same dosage was effective against infections produced by sporangiospores. Furthermore, in vitro, antifungal susceptibility studies show that minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antifungal agents against hyphae were higher when compared to those of sporangiospores. These findings support using hyphal elements of Mucorales species for virulence testing and antifungal drug screening in vitro and in G. mellonella for studies of wound mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Jeya Rajkumar Samdavid Thanapaul
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
- NRC Research Associateship Programs, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Ashleigh Roberds
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Kariana E. Rios
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23220, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander G. Bobrov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
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3
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Li Y, Dong Y, Lu J, Zhang J, Feng M, Feng J. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel colistin derivatives with thioether bond-mediated cyclic scaffold. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:260-269. [PMID: 36941353 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The escalating crisis of multidrug resistance is raising the fear of untreatable Gram-negative infections and killing a substantial number of patients. The underpopulated antibiotic drug development pipelines drive polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) as crucial therapeutic options. However, the cumbersome synthesis process and inefficient cyclization method limit the efficient preparation of polymyxin core scaffolds in the development of polymyxin derivatives. Here, we innovatively applied a substitution reaction between bromobenzene and sulfhydryl to cyclize colistin core scaffolds. The reaction was mild and efficient, improving the total yield of the compound from less than 10% to 55.90%. Nearly 30 novel derivatives with thioether bond-mediated cyclic scaffolds were designed and synthesized. Evaluation of antibacterial activities and biological properties revealed that many new compounds that are stable in mouse plasma possess high antimicrobial potency against Gram-negative bacteria and display no hemolytic toxicity. Our optimal peptide PE-2C-C8-DH eradicated Acinetobacter baumannii within 24 h in vitro, and had lower acute toxicity and significant therapeutic effects on mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which deserves further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhen Dong
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguang Lu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Feng
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., 201203, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Development, Characterization and In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Flavonoids Entrapped Micellar Topical Formulations of Neomycin Sulfate. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3287-3296. [PMID: 35977592 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the secondary metabolites widely used in pharmaceutical industries due to their several health benefits. Quercetin and rutin, well known flavonoids possesses various pharmacological properties but the constraints of poor aqueous solubility and impermeability across cell membranes restricts their use in formulation development. Moreover, the rising problem of antimicrobial resistance has also caused a serious threat to human life, thus demanding the urgent need of developing more effective antimicrobial formulations. In view of this, the present research work is focused on utilizing the most feasible flavonoid-surfactant concentrations obtained from the already reported physico-chemical analysis in developing an improved neomycin topical formulation through drug combinatorial approach. The formulations were subjected for assessment of physical parameters such as determination of pH, viscosity and spreadability. The drug release profile of the formulations was studied through different mathematical models. After evaluation of all the parameters, two best formulations (NQ-T2 [HE] and NR-T1 [HE]) were selected for antimicrobial evaluation studies against different bacterial and fungal clinical isolates. Among the two formulations, NQ-T2 [HE] showed excellent antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains while NR-T1 [HE] also exhibited promising results when compared with the standard formulations. Overall, this study represents a possible solution to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of neomycin formulations by combining them with flavonoids through micelles assisted drug combination approach.
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Kim YS, Ngo MT, Kim B, Han JW, Song J, Park MS, Choi GJ, Kim H. Biological Control Potential of Penicillium brasilianum against Fire Blight Disease. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:461-471. [PMID: 36221918 PMCID: PMC9561163 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a causative pathogen of fire blight disease, affecting apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. Currently, management of fire blight relies on cultural and chemical practices, whereas it has been known that few biological resources exhibit disease control efficacy against the fire blight. In the current study, we found that an SFC20201208-M01 fungal isolate exhibits antibacterial activity against E. amylovora TS3128, and the isolate was identified as a Penicillium brasilianum based on the β-tubulin (BenA) gene sequence. To identify active compounds from the P. brasilianum culture, the culture filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. From the ethyl acetate layer, we identified two new compounds (compounds 3-4) and two known compounds (compounds 1-2) based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Of these active compounds, penicillic acid (1) exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. amylovora TS3128 with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 25 μg/ml. When culture filtrate and penicillic acid (125 μg/ml) were applied onto Chinese pearleaf crab apple seedlings prior to inoculation of E. amylovora TS3128, the development of fire blight disease was effectively suppressed in the treated plants. Our results provide new insight into the biocontrol potential of P. brasilianum SFC20201208-M01 with an active ingredient to control fire blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Seok Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Men Thi Ngo
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Bomin Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
| | - Jaekyeong Song
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- Department of School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114,
Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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Bupha-Intr O, Butters C, Reynolds G, Kennedy K, Meyer W, Patil S, Bryant P, Morrissey CO. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal disease due to moulds other than Aspergillus in the haematology/oncology setting, 2021. Intern Med J 2021; 51 Suppl 7:177-219. [PMID: 34937139 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) due to moulds other than Aspergillus is a significant cause of mortality in patients with malignancies or post haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. The current guidelines focus on the diagnosis and management of the common non-Aspergillus moulds (NAM), such as Mucorales, Scedosporium species (spp.), Lomentospora prolificans and Fusarium spp. Rare but emerging NAM including Paecilomyces variotii, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Scopulariopsis spp. are also reviewed. Culture and histological examination of tissue biopsy specimens remain the mainstay of diagnosis, but molecular methods are increasingly being used. As NAM frequently disseminate, blood cultures and skin examination with biopsy of any suspicious lesions are critically important. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach with surgical debridement as a central component. Other management strategies include control of the underlying disease/predisposing factors, augmentation of the host response and the reduction of immunosuppression. Carefully selected antifungal therapy, guided by susceptibility testing, is critical to cure. We also outline novel antifungal agents still in clinical trial which offer substantial potential for improved outcomes in the future. Paediatric recommendations follow those of adults. Ongoing epidemiological research, improvement in diagnostics and the development of new antifungal agents will continue to improve the poor outcomes that have been traditionally associated with IFD due to NAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Bupha-Intr
- Department of Infection Services, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Coen Butters
- Department of General Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karina Kennedy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sushrut Patil
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope Bryant
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine O Morrissey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ngo MT, Van Nguyen M, Han JW, Kim B, Kim YK, Park MS, Kim H, Choi GJ. Biocontrol Potential of Aspergillus Species Producing Antimicrobial Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:804333. [PMID: 35003037 PMCID: PMC8733401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have been recognized as an important source for the discovery of new antifungal agents because of their diverse chemical structures with novel modes of action. In the course of our screening for new antifungal agents from microbes, we found that culture filtrates of two fungal species Aspergillus candidus SFC20200425-M11 and Aspergillus montenegroi SFC20200425-M27 have the potentials to reduce the development of fungal plant diseases such as tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust. From these two Aspergillus spp., we isolated a total of seven active compounds, including two new compounds (4 and 6), and identified their chemical structures based on the NMR spectral analyses: sphaeropsidin A (1), (R)-formosusin A (2), (R)-variotin (3), candidusin (4), asperlin (5), montenegrol (6), and protulactone A (7). Based on the results of the in vitro bioassays of 11 plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, sphaeropsidin A (1), (R)-formosusin A (2), (R)-variotin (3), and asperlin (5) exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, when plants were treated with sphaeropsidin A (1) and (R)-formosusin A (2) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, sphaeropsidin A (1) exhibited an efficacy disease control value of 96 and 90% compared to non-treated control against tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust, and (R)-formosusin A (2) strongly reduced the development of tomato gray mold by 82%. Asperlin (5) at a concentration of 500 μg/ml effectively controlled the development of tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust with a disease control value of 95%. Given that culture filtrates and active compounds derived from two Aspergillus spp. exhibited disease control efficacies, our results suggest that the Aspergillus-produced antifungal compounds could be useful for the development of new natural fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men Thi Ngo
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minh Van Nguyen
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bomin Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Nguyen MV, Han JW, Le Dang Q, Ryu SM, Lee D, Kim H, Choi GJ. Clerodane Diterpenoids Identified from Polyalthia longifolia Showing Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10527-10535. [PMID: 34469148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the search for new natural resources showing plant disease control effects, we found that the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia suppressed fungal disease development in plants. To identify the bioactive substances, the methanol extract of P. longifolia was extracted by organic solvents, and consequently, four new 2-oxo-clerodane diterpenes (1-4), a new 4(3 → 2)-abeo-clerodane diterpene (5), together with ten known compounds (6-16) were isolated and identified from the extracts. Of the new compounds, compound 2 showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with moderated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a range of 50-100 μg/mL against tested fungal pathogens. Considering with the known compounds, compound 6 showed the most potent antifungal activity with an MIC value in the range of 6.3-12.5 μg/mL. When compound 6 was evaluated for an in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast, tomato late blight, and pepper anthracnose, compound 6 reduced the plant disease by at least 60% compared to the untreated control at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. Together, our results suggested that the methanol extract of twigs and leaves of P. longifolia and its major compound 6 could be used as a source for the development of eco-friendly plant protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Van Nguyen
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Research and Development Center of Bioactive Compounds, Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Seung Mok Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus brevis HK544, an Antimicrobial Bacterium Isolated from Soil in Daejeon, South Korea. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0041721. [PMID: 34351232 PMCID: PMC8340861 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00417-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brevibacillus brevis HK544 strain, which was isolated from soil, exhibited antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, and Erwinia amylovora. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the B. brevis HK544 strain, which consists of one circular chromosome of 6,486,246 bp with a GC content of 47.3%.
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10
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Bae S, Han JW, Dang QL, Kim H, Choi GJ. Plant Disease Control Efficacy of Platycladus orientalis and Its Antifungal Compounds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081496. [PMID: 34451541 PMCID: PMC8400505 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which can be recognized as an important source of agrochemicals for plant disease control. In searching for natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides, we found that a methanol extract of the plant species Platycladus orientalis suppressed the disease development of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Through a series of chromatography procedures in combination with activity-guided fractionation, we isolated and identified a total of eleven compounds including four labdane-type diterpenes (1-4), six isopimarane-type diterpenes (5-10), and one sesquiterpene (11). Of the identified compounds, the MIC values of compounds 1, 2, 5 & 6 mixture, 9, and 11 ranged from 100 to 200 μg/mL against M. oryzae, whereas the other compounds were over 200 μg/mL. When rice plants were treated with the antifungal compounds, compounds 1, 2, and 9 effectively suppressed the development of rice blast at all concentrations tested by over 75% compared to the non-treatment control. In addition, a mixture of compounds 5 & 6 that constituted 66% of the P. orientalis ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited a moderate disease control efficacy. Together, our data suggest that the methanol extract of P. orientalis including terpenoid compounds has potential as a crop protection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Bae
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Research and Development Center of Bioactive Compounds, Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (G.J.C.)
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (G.J.C.)
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11
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Sorbicillinoids Produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060428. [PMID: 34071658 PMCID: PMC8229967 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for antifungal agents from marine resources, we recently found that the culture filtrate of Trichoderma longibrachiatum SFC100166 effectively suppressed the development of tomato gray mold, rice blast, and tomato late blight. The culture filtrate was then successively extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to identify the fungicidal metabolites. Consequently, a new compound, spirosorbicillinol D (1), and a new natural compound, 2',3'-dihydro-epoxysorbicillinol (2), together with 11 known compounds (3-13), were obtained from the solvent extracts. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature values. The results of the in vitro antifungal assay showed that of the tested fungal pathogens, Phytophthora infestans was the fungus most sensitive to the isolated compounds, with MIC values ranging from 6.3 to 400 µg/mL, except for trichotetronine (9) and trichodimerol (10). When tomato plants were treated with the representative compounds (4, 6, 7, and 11), bisvertinolone (6) strongly reduced the development of tomato late blight disease compared to the untreated control. Taken together, our results revealed that the culture filtrate of T. longibrachiatum SFC100166 and its metabolites could be useful sources for the development of new natural agents to control late blight caused by P. infestans.
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Zareshahrabadi Z, Totonchi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ilkit M, Ghahartars M, Arastehfar A, Motamedi M, Nouraei H, Sharifi Lari M, Mohammadi T, Zomorodian K. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017-2019). Mycoses 2020; 64:385-393. [PMID: 33295089 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection affecting individual's quality of life worldwide. The present study aimed to perform species-level identification and evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated in Shiraz, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinical samples collected during 2017-2019 from 307 patients suspected of having dermatophytosis. The isolates were identified by direct microscopy, culture and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequencing, and their antifungal susceptibility patterns were determined by the microdilution method. Among 307 patients, dermatophytosis was diagnosed by microscopy in 190 (61.8%) subjects and confirmed in 130 (42.3%) cases by both microscopy and culture. It was found out tinea pedis was the most common clinical manifestation, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most prevalent species (28.4%), followed by T tonsurans (23.8%), Microsporum canis (11.5%), T interdigitale (10%), T verrucosum (6.9%), T rubrum (6.9%), T benhamiae (4.6%), T violaceum (3%), T simii (3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (0.7%) and M ferrugineum (0.7%). Moreover, it was revealed that luliconazole with a geometric mean (GM) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.03 μg ml-1 was the most effective agent against all tested isolates. Regardless of species, 30% of isolates responded to high MICs of griseofulvin (MIC90 > 2 μg ml-1 ). The increasing prevalence of nonindigenous species of T simii, T benhamiae and M ferrugineum in Shiraz, Iran, was a notable finding. In addition, infections due to zoophilic species showed an increasing trend. These epidemiological data, along with antifungal susceptibility patterns, may have implications for clinical decision-making and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Totonchi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Ghahartars
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Sharifi Lari
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang J, Xu H, Dong Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Shangguan W, Zhao W, Feng J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel N-aminoacyl derivative of amphotericin B methyl ester as an antifungal agent. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113104. [PMID: 33360798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Xu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhen Dong
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Minwei Chen
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - You Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wenjie Zhao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Feng
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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Park MY, Park SJ, Kim JJ, Lee DH, Kim BS. Inhibitory Effect of Moriniafungin Produced by Setosphaeria rostrata F3736 on the Development of Rhizopus Rot. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:570-578. [PMID: 33312092 PMCID: PMC7721543 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2020.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizopus rot is a serious postharvest disease of various crops caused by Rhizopus spp. and controlled mainly by synthetic fungicides. We detected the antifungal activity of a culture extract of Setosphaeria rostrata F3736 against Rhizopus oryzae. The active ingredient was identified as moriniafungin, a known sordarin derivative, which showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-8 μg/ml against Colletotrichum spp. and 0.03-0.13 μg/ml against Rhizopus spp. in vitro. Moriniafungin showed protective control efficacies against Rhizopus rot on apple and peach fruits. Treatment with 25 μg/ml moriniafungin delimited the lesion diameter significantly by 100% on R. oryzae-inoculated apple fruits compared with the non-treated control. Treatment with 0.04 μg/ml of moriniafungin reduced the lesion diameter significantly by 56.45%, and treatment with higher concentrations of 0.2-25 μg/ml reduced the lesion diameter by 70-90% on Rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer-inoculated peach fruit. These results suggest moriniafungin has potential as a control agent of postharvest diseases caused by Rhizopus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 0284, Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Food-Biotech Research, LOTTE R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 0284, Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 0281, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 0284, Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 0281, Korea
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15
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of esterified and acylated derivatives of NH 2-(AEEA) 5-amphotericin B. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 74:133-142. [PMID: 32939075 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Based on NH2-(AEEA)5-amphotericin B (DMR005; AEEA is 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid), a series of novel esterified and acylated derivatives of DMR005 were synthesized. These derivatives were evaluated for their antifungal activities using the broth dilution method, for their hemolytic toxicity with sterile defibrinated sheep blood, and for their self-association through UV-visible spectroscopy. The preliminary screening tests indicated that NH2-(AEEA)5-amphotericin B methyl ester (DMR031) was an ideal compound. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration and time-kill assays showed that antifungal activities of DMR031 (4 μg ml-1) against Candida albicans ATCC10231 and ATCC90028 were reduced by four times compared to these of amphotericin B (AmB) (1 μg ml-1). DMR031 (142 ± 1 mg ml-1) significantly improved the water solubility of AmB as DMR005 did. Preliminary safety assessments of DMR031 were carried out via cell toxicity assay of HEK293T in vitro, which turned out to be much better than AmB. AmB had good efficacy in vivo at a dose of 1 mg ml-1. However, DMR031 still had no efficacy in vivo even at a dose of 16 mg ml-1, merely prolonged the survival time of mice.
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Ngo MT, Han JW, Yoon S, Bae S, Kim SY, Kim H, Choi GJ. Discovery of New Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from Maesa japonica with Antifungal Activity against Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7706-7715. [PMID: 31246022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While searching for new antifungal compounds, we revealed that a methanol extract of plant species Maesa japonica has a potent antifungal activity in vivo against rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To identify the antifungal substances, the methanol extract of M. japonica was extracted by organic solvents, and consequently, six active compounds were isolated from the n-butanol layer. The isolated compounds were five new acylated triterpenoid saponins including maejaposide I (1), maejaposides C-1, C-2, and C-3 (2-4), and maejaposide A-1 (5), along with a known one, maejaposide A (6). These chemical structures were determined by NMR and a comparison of their NMR and MS data with those reported in the literature. Based on the in vitro antifungal bioassay, the five compounds (2-6) exhibited strong antifungal activity against M. oryzae with MIC values ranging from 4 to 32 μg/mL, except for maejaposide I (1) (MIC > 250 μg/mL). When the compounds were evaluated at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 μg/mL for an in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast, compounds 2-6 strongly reduced the development of blast by at least 85% to 98% compared to the untreated control. However, compound 1 did not show any in vivo antifungal activity up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Taken together, our results suggest that the methanol extract of M. japonica and the new acylated triterpenoid saponins can be used as a source for the development of natural fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men Thi Ngo
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , University Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
| | - Sunggeon Yoon
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
| | - Sohyun Bae
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , University Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Soo-Young Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division , National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon 22869 , Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , University Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , University Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
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Zhang TY, Wu YY, Zhang MY, Cheng J, Dube B, Yu HJ, Zhang YX. New antimicrobial compounds produced by Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., isolated from Galinsoga parviflora as potential inhibitors of FtsZ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8319. [PMID: 31165765 PMCID: PMC6549247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total amount of 116 fungal strains, belonging to 30 genera, were acquired from the rhizosphere soil and plant of Galinsoga parviflora. A strain SYPF 7336, isolated from the rhizospheric soil, was identified as Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., by morphological and molecular analyses, which displayed high antibacterial activity. In order to study the secondary metabolites of Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., nine compounds were successfully seperated from the strain fermentation broth, including two new compounds and seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated based on spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR. All the seperated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Compounds 2, 5 and 1 displayed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 25, 32 and 75 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, morphological observation showed the coccoid cells of S. aureus to be swollen to a volume of 1.4 to 1.7-fold after treatment with compounds 1, 2 and 5, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate interactions of filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) with compounds 1, 2 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Blessings Dube
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Jia Yu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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18
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Jerković I, Kranjac M, Marijanović Z, Šarkanj B, Cikoš AM, Aladić K, Pedisić S, Jokić S. Chemical Diversity of Codium bursa (Olivi) C. Agardh Headspace Compounds, Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Insight into Its Antifungal Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050842. [PMID: 30818836 PMCID: PMC6429293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of present study is on Codium bursa collected from the Adriatic Sea. C. bursa volatiles were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-FID; GC-MS) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), hydrodistillation (HD), and supercritical CO₂ extraction (SC-CO₂). The headspace composition of dried (HS-D) and fresh (HS-F) C. bursa was remarkably different. Dimethyl sulfide, the major HS-F compound was present in HS-D only as a minor constituent and heptadecane percentage was raised in HS-D. The distillate of fresh C. bursa contained heptadecane and docosane among the major compounds. After air-drying, a significantly different composition of the volatile oil was obtained with (E)-phytol as the predominant compound. It was also found in SC-CO₂ extract of freeze-dried C. bursa (FD-CB) as the major constituent. Loliolide (3.51%) was only identified in SC-CO₂ extract. Fatty acids were determined from FD-CB after derivatisation as methyl esters by GC-FID. The most dominant acids were palmitic (25.4%), oleic (36.5%), linoleic (11.6%), and stearic (9.0%). FD-CB H₂O extract exhibited better antifungal effects against Fusarium spp., while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract was better for the inhibition of Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizophus spp. The extracts showed relatively good antifungal activity, especially against P. expansum (for DMSO extract MIC50 was at 50 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Marina Kranjac
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | | | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University Center Koprivnica, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia.
| | - Ana-Marija Cikoš
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Krunoslav Aladić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Branch-Veterinary Institute Vinkovci, Josipa Kozarca 24, 32100 Vinkovci, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Zhang J, Ma J, Dong Y, Zhao W, Feng J. Synthesis and characterization of NH 2-(AEEA)n-amphotericin B derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:210-217. [PMID: 30635615 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To find novel amphotericin B (AmB) derivatives with high therapeutic potential, low toxicity, and water solubility, a series of nine N-substituted AmB derivatives were evaluated for their antifungal activity using the broth dilution method and for their hemolytic toxicity with sterile defibrinated sheep blood. Qualitative screening of the effect of the derivatives on two reference Candida albicans strains and of their solubility was performed based on the value of n (n is a positive integer), resulting in the identification of an optimal compound, NH2-(AEEA)5-AmB (DMR005; AEEA is 8-amino-3,6- dioxaoctanoic acid). Preliminary safety assessments of DMR005 were carried out via the MTT cell viability assay in vitro and acute toxicity assay in vivo. In general, DMR005 not only has higher water solubility and less toxicity than the parent polyene but also retains antifungal potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhen Dong
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou W, Ouyang J, Wang H, Wang X. [Antidermatophyte Activity of the Gentiopicroside-Rich n-Butanol Fraction from Gentiana siphonantha Maxim. Root on a Guinea Pig Model of Dermatophytosis]. Complement Med Res 2018; 26:31-38. [PMID: 30562737 DOI: 10.1159/000492384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gentiana siphonantha Maxim. is a traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumarthritis, icterepatitis, pain and hypertension; it is rich in gentiopicroside with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and free radical-scavenging activities. This study was to evaluate the antidermatophyte activity of G. siphonantha on a guinea pig model in vitro and in vivo. Material andMethods: The antidermatophyte activities of 10 plants were tested by the broth microdilution method. Fractions and an extract of G. siphonantha were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes by the disc diffusion method. The morphological changes of T. mentagrophytes were observed. Component analysis of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction was made by HPLC. Finally, the antifungal activity in an in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis was examined. RESULTS G. siphonantha had strong antidermatophyte activity with MIC50 values of 32-64 μg/mL. The n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha showed the most potent activity compared to the other fractions. After being exposed to the n-BuOH fraction at 80 and 160 μg/mL, the hyphae were distorted and collapsed. Gentiopicroside is the main active ingredient in the n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha. The lesion scores of the guinea pig model of dermatophytosis significantly declined in the 10% and 30% extract and positive control groups in comparison with the untreated control group. Periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin/eosin staining displayed similar results. CONCLUSION The n-BuOH fraction of G. siphonantha demonstrated antidermatophyte efficacy in experimental dermatophytosis.
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Correlation of In Vitro Susceptibility Based on MICs and Squalene Epoxidase Mutations with Clinical Response to Terbinafine in Patients with Tinea Corporis/Cruris. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01038-18. [PMID: 30275090 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recalcitrant dermatophytoses are on the rise in India. High MICs of terbinafine (TRB) and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene mutations conferring resistance in Trichophyton spp. have been recently documented. However, studies correlating laboratory data with clinical response to TRB in tinea corporis/cruris are lacking. For this study, we investigated the clinicomycological profile of 85 tinea corporis/cruris patients and performed antifungal susceptibility testing by CLSI microbroth dilution and SQLE mutation analysis of the isolates obtained and correlated these with the responses to TRB. Patients confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mounting of skin scrapings were started on TRB at 250 mg once a day (OD). If >50% clinical clearance was achieved by 3 weeks, the same dose was continued (group 1). If response was <50%, the dose was increased to 250 mg twice a day (BD) (group 2). If the response still remained below 50% after 3 weeks of BD, the patients were treated with itraconazole (ITR; group 3). Overall, skin scrapings from 64 (75.3%) patients yielded growth on culture. Strikingly, all isolates were confirmed to be Trichophyton interdigitale isolates by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Thirty-nine (61%) of the isolates had TRB MICs of ≥1 µg/ml. Complete follow-up data were available for 30 culture-positive patients. A highly significant difference in modal MICs to TRB among the three treatment response groups was noted (P = 0.009). Interestingly, 8 of the 9 patients in group 3 harbored isolates exhibiting elevated TRB MICs (8 to 32 µg/ml) and SQLE mutations. The odds of achieving cure with TRB MIC < 1 µg/ml strains were 2.5 times the odds of achieving cure with the strain exhibiting MIC ≥1 µg/ml.
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Identification of novel compounds, oleanane- and ursane-type triterpene glycosides, from Trevesia palmata: their biocontrol activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14522. [PMID: 30266953 PMCID: PMC6162204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which can be recognized as an important source of agrochemicals for plant disease control. As part of our search for new antimicrobial agents from natural sources, we found that a crude methanol extract of Trevesia palmata exhibited a promising antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi, such as Magnaporthe oryzae and Botrytis cinerea. Furthermore, based on activity-guided fractionation, we isolated five antifungal compounds from the methanol extract of T. palmata: two new triterpene glycosides (TPGs), TPG1 (hederagenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside) and TPG5 (3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl asiatic acid), along with three known TPGs (TPG2 [macranthoside A], TPG3 [α-hederin], and TPG4 [ilekudinoside D]). The chemical structures of the TPGs were determined by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. An in vitro antifungal bioassay revealed that except for TPG4 (ilekudinoside D; IC50 >256 μg/ml), the other TPGs exhibited strong antifungal activities against the rice blast pathogen M. oryzae with IC50 values ranging from 2–5 μg/ml. In particular, when the plants were treated with compound TPG1 (500 μg/ml), disease control values against rice blast, tomato grey mold, tomato late blight, and wheat leaf rust were 84, 82, 88, and 70%, respectively, compared to the non-treatment control. Considering the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the TPGs and the T. palmata methanol extracts, our results suggest that T. palmata can be a useful source to develop new natural fungicides.
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Molecular Tools for the Detection and Deduction of Azole Antifungal Drug Resistance Phenotypes in Aspergillus Species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:1065-1091. [PMID: 28903985 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00095-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of azole resistance in Aspergillus species has increased over the past years, most importantly for Aspergillus fumigatus. This is partially attributable to the global spread of only a few resistance alleles through the environment. Secondary resistance is a significant clinical concern, as invasive aspergillosis with drug-susceptible strains is already difficult to treat, and exclusion of azole-based antifungals from prophylaxis or first-line treatment of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk patients would dramatically limit drug choices, thus increasing mortality rates for immunocompromised patients. Management options for invasive aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains were recently reevaluated by an international expert panel, which concluded that drug resistance testing of cultured isolates is highly indicated when antifungal therapy is intended. In geographical regions with a high environmental prevalence of azole-resistant strains, initial therapy should be guided by such analyses. More environmental and clinical screening studies are therefore needed to generate the local epidemiologic data if such measures are to be implemented on a sound basis. Here we propose a first workflow for evaluating isolates from screening studies, and we compile the MIC values correlating with individual amino acid substitutions in the products of cyp51 genes for interpretation of DNA sequencing data, especially in the absence of cultured isolates.
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Ureidopyrazine Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation as Anti-Infectives and Abiotic Elicitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101797. [PMID: 29065539 PMCID: PMC6151446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has become a frequently deadly infection due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This serious issue has driven efforts worldwide to discover new drugs effective against Mtb. One research area is the synthesis and evaluation of pyrazinamide derivatives as potential anti-TB drugs. In this paper we report the synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of ureidopyrazines. Compounds were synthesized by reacting alkyl/aryl isocyanates with aminopyrazine or with propyl 5-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate. Reactions were performed in pressurized vials using a CEM Discover microwave reactor with a focused field. Purity and chemical structures of products were assessed, and the final compounds were tested in vitro for their antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Propyl 5-(3-phenylureido)pyrazine-2-carboxylate (compound 4, MICMtb = 1.56 μg/mL, 5.19 μM) and propyl 5-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)ureido)pyrazine-2-carboxylate (compound 6, MICMtb = 6.25 μg/mL, 18.91 μM) had high antimycobacterial activity against Mtb H37Rv with no in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line. Therefore 4 and 6 are suitable for further structural modifications that might improve their biological activity and physicochemical properties. Based on the structural similarity to 1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea, a known plant growth regulator, two selected compounds were evaluated for similar activity as abiotic elicitors.
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Raiesi O, Siavash M, Mohammadi F, Chabavizadeh J, Mahaki B, Maherolnaghsh M, Dehghan P. Frequency of Cutaneous Fungal Infections and Azole Resistance of the Isolates in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Biomed Res 2017. [PMID: 28626746 PMCID: PMC5468785 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.191003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic patients are more susceptible to cutaneous fungal infections. The higher blood sugar levels cause increasing the cutaneous fungal infections in these patients. The main objective of this study was to find the frequency of fungal infections among cutaneous lesions of diabetic patients and to investigate azole antifungal agent susceptibility of the isolates. Materials and Methods: In this study, type 1diabetes (n = 78) and type 2 diabetes (n = 44) comprised 47 cases (38.5%) with diabetic foot ulcers and 75 cases (61.5%) with skin and nail lesions were studied. Fungal infection was confirmed by direct examination and culture methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing by broth microdilution method was performed according to the CLSI M27-A and M38-A references. Results: Out of 122 diabetic patients, thirty (24.5%) were affected with fungal infections. Frequency of fungal infection was 19.1% in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and 28% of patients with skin and nail lesions. Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus were the most common species isolated from thirty patients with fungal infection, respectively. Susceptibility testing carried out on 18 representative isolates (13 C. albicans, five C. glabrata) revealed that 12 isolates (10 C. albicans and two C. glabrata isolates) (66.6%) were resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥64 mg/ml) to fluconazole (FCZ). Likewise, eight isolates (80%) of Aspergillus spp. were resistant (MIC ≥4 mg/ml), to itraconazole. Conclusion: Our finding expands current knowledge about the frequency of fungal infections in diabetic patients. We noted the high prevalence of FCZ-resistant Candida spp., particularly in diabetic foot ulcers. More attention is important in diabetic centers about this neglected issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Raiesi
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Siavash
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mohammadi
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javaher Chabavizadeh
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Maherolnaghsh
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis Prosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis and Prosthetic Graft Infection in an Immune Competent Patient. Case Rep Infect Dis 2017; 2017:4839314. [PMID: 28484654 PMCID: PMC5412134 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4839314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis is an emerging dematiaceous fungus associated with high mortality rates and is a rare cause of endocarditis. We describe the first case of E. dermatitidis endocarditis of a prosthetic aortic valve and aortic graft in an immune competent patient with no clear risk factors of hematological acquisition.
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Awaad AS, AL-Mudhayyif HA, Al-Othman MR, Zain ME, El-Meligy RM. Amhezole, A Novel Fungal Secondary Metabolite fromAspergillus terreusfor Treatment of Microbial Mouth Infection. Phytother Res 2017; 31:395-402. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani S. Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy; Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A. AL-Mudhayyif
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah R. Al-Othman
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Zain
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Reham M. El-Meligy
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department; Desert Research Center; Cairo Egypt
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Jeon BJ, Kim JD, Han JW, Kim BS. Antifungal activity of rimocidin and a new rimocidin derivative BU16 produced by Streptomyces mauvecolor BU16 and their effects on pepper anthracnose. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1219-28. [PMID: 26808253 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to explore antifungal metabolites targeting fungal cell envelope and to evaluate the control efficacy against anthracnose development in pepper plants. METHODS AND RESULTS A natural product library comprising 3000 microbial culture extracts was screened via an adenylate kinase (AK)-based cell lysis assay to detect antifungal metabolites targeting the cell envelope of plant-pathogenic fungi. The culture extract of Streptomyces mauvecolor strain BU16 displayed potent AK-releasing activity. Rimocidin and a new rimocidin derivative, BU16, were identified from the extract as active constituents. BU16 is a tetraene macrolide containing a six-membered hemiketal ring with an ethyl group side chain instead of the propyl group in rimocidin. Rimocidin and BU16 showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against various plant-pathogenic fungi and demonstrated potent control efficacy against anthracnose development in pepper plants. CONCLUSIONS Antifungal metabolites produced by S. mauvecolor strain BU16 were identified to be rimocidin and BU16. The compounds displayed potent control efficacy against pepper anthracnose. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rimocidin and BU16 would be active ingredients of disease control agents disrupting cell envelope of plant-pathogenic fungi. The structure and antifungal activity of rimocidin derivative BU16 is first described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Jeon
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - J D Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Ben Yaakov D, Rivkin A, Mircus G, Albert N, Dietl AM, Kovalerchick D, Carmeli S, Haas H, Kontoyiannis DP, Osherov N. Identification and characterization of haemofungin, a novel antifungal compound that inhibits the final step of haem biosynthesis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:946-52. [PMID: 26747101 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During recent decades, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, whereas the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low and unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to characterize a novel antifungal compound, CW-8/haemofungin, which we previously identified in a screen for compounds affecting fungal cell wall integrity. METHODS The in vitro characteristics of haemofungin were investigated by MIC evaluation against a panel of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and mammalian cells in culture. Haemofungin mode-of-action studies were performed by screening an Aspergillus nidulans overexpression genomic library for resistance-conferring plasmids and biochemical validation of the target. In vivo efficacy was tested in the Galleria mellonella and Drosophila melanogaster insect models of infection. RESULTS We demonstrate that haemofungin causes swelling and lysis of growing fungal cells. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium and Rhizopus isolates at micromolar concentrations, while only weakly affecting the growth of mammalian cell lines. Genetic and biochemical analyses in A. nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus indicate that haemofungin primarily inhibits ferrochelatase (HemH), the last enzyme in the haem biosynthetic pathway. Haemofungin was non-toxic and significantly reduced mortality rates of G. mellonella and D. melanogaster infected with A. fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Further development and in vivo validation of haemofungin is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Ben Yaakov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Rivkin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Mircus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathaniel Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Dietl
- Biocenter-Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitry Kovalerchick
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Biocenter-Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Identification and characterization of a novel family of selective antifungal compounds (CANBEFs) that interfere with fungal protein synthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5631-40. [PMID: 26149982 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00850-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycotic infections have become more common during recent decades, posing an increasing threat to public health. However, despite the growing needs, treatments for invasive fungal infections remain unsatisfactory and are limited to a small number of antifungals. The aim of this study was to identify novel fungal cell wall inhibitors from a library of small chemical compounds using a conditional protein kinase C (PKC)-expressing strain of Aspergillus nidulans sensitive to cell wall-active agents. Eight "hit" compounds affecting cell wall integrity were identified from a screen of 35,000 small chemical compounds. Five shared a common basic molecular structure of 4-chloro-6-arylamino-7-nitro-benzofurazane (CANBEF). The most potent compound, CANBEF-24, was characterized further and was shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, and Rhizopus isolates at micromolar concentrations but not to affect the growth of mammalian cell lines. CANBEF-24 demonstrated strong synergy in combination with caspofungin, an antifungal that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis. Genetic and biochemical analyses with Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that CANBEFs selectively inhibit fungal rRNA maturation and protein synthesis, suggesting that their effect on the cell wall is indirect. CANBEFs were nontoxic in insect (Galleria mellonella, Drosophila melanogaster) and mouse models of fungal infection. Preliminary evidence showing no therapeutic benefit in these models suggests that further cycles of optimization are needed for the development of this novel class of compounds for systemic use.
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Alwan WS, Karpoormath R, Palkar MB, Patel HM, Rane RA, Shaikh MS, Kajee A, Mlisana KP. Novel imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as promising antifungal agents against clinical isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:514-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jafari AA, Falah Tafti A, Hoseiny SM, Kazemi A. Antifungal Effect of Zataria multiflora Essence on Experimentally Contaminated Acryl Resin Plates With Candida albicans. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e16552. [PMID: 25763273 PMCID: PMC4341503 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adherence and colonization of Candida species particularly C. albicans on denture surfaces, forms a microbial biofilm, which may result denture stomatitis in complete denture users. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal effect Zataria multiflora essence in removing of Candida albicans biofilms on experimentally contaminated resin acryl plates. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 160 resin acrylic plates (10 × 10 × 1 mm) were contaminated by immersion in 1 × 103 C. albicans suspension for 24 hours to prepare experimental Candida biofilms. The total number of Candida cells, which adhered to 20 randomly selected acryl resin plates was determined as the Candia load before cleaning. The remaining 140 plates were divided to seven groups of 20 and immersed in five concentrations of Zataria multiflora essence from 50 to 3.125 mg/mL as test, 100000 IU nystatin as the positive and sterile physiologic serum as the negative control. The remaining Candida cells on each acryl plate were also enumerated and data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 software with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Zataria essence at concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL removed 100% of attached Candida cells similar to nystatine (MFC), while weaker Zataria essence solutions cleaned 88%, 60.5% and 44.7% of attached Candida cells. Kruskal-wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between all test groups (P = 0.0001). In this study 12.5 mg/mL concentration of Zataria multiflora was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90). Conclusions: Zataria essence, at concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL, effectively removed Candida cells that had adhered to the denture surface, similar to the level of removal observed for 100000 IU nystatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Jafari
- Department of Basic Science, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Falah Tafti
- Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abbas Falah Tafti, Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133519212, Fax: +98-3518367636, E-mail:
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hoseiny
- Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Kazemi
- Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Sun Z, Du Y, Cheng L, Zhu N. Identification of medicinal species and antifungal property of a Dong ethnic drug. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5004-5009. [PMID: 25663999 PMCID: PMC4307446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the medicinal species in the Zi Hua Di Ding (ZHDD) prescription commonly used by the Dong ethnic people, and investigate the potential mechanism involved with the anti-fungal properties on Trichophyton rubrum. METHODS DNA barcode technique was used to identify the species in the ZHDD prescription. In vitro study was performed to investigate the antifungal properties of the identified Viola philippica on the T. rubrum. Microscopy was used to observe the growth of the T. rubrum. RESULTS The ZHDD prescription is a mixture of V. philippica and V. inconspicua, and its antifungal properties was superior to the single component. V. philippica could affect the surface and flexibility of hypha, and contribute to the generation of branches. In addition, it could damage the biofilm. CONCLUSIONS Using the DNA barcode technique, we identify the ZHDD prescription is a mixture of V. philippica and V. inconspicua, and its antifungal properties was superior to the single component. V. philippica could affect the growth and biofilm formation of T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102, China
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Saravana Kumar P, Al-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Balachandran C, Praveen Kumar P, Ignacimuthu S. In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Streptomyces lavendulae strain SCA5. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:291. [PMID: 25433533 PMCID: PMC4265329 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomycetes are Gram-positive, often filamentous, bacteria known for their unsurpassed capacity for the production of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of Streptomyces lavendulae strain SCA5. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract of SCA5 broth (EA-SCA5) showed antimicrobial activity with MIC value of 31.25 μg/ml. EA-SCA5 showed good antioxidant potential by scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 507.61 ± 0.66 μg/ml), hydroxyl radical (IC50 617.84 ± 0.57 μg/ml), nitric oxide (IC50 730.92 ± 0.81 μg/ml) and superoxide anion radical (IC50 864.71 ± 1.15 μg/ml). The EA-SCA5 also showed strong suppressive effect on rat liver lipid peroxidation (IC50 838.83 ± 1.18 μg/ml). The total phenolic content of SCA5 was 577.12 mg of GAE equivalents/gram extract. EA-SCA5 exhibited cytotoxic activity on A549 adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell line. It showed 84.9% activity at 500 μg/ml with IC50 value of 200 μg/ml. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of one major bioactive compound actinomycin C2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the EA-SCA5 could be probed further for isolating some medically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- />Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- />Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- />Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034 India
- />Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- />Visiting Professor Programme, College of Science, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tong YQ, Xin B, Sun SQ. Pyelonephritis Caused Solely by Escherichia hermanii. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e18138. [PMID: 25147714 PMCID: PMC4138642 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In contrast with Escherichia coli, the association of E. hermanii with urinary tract infections has not been described. CASE PRESENTATION In this case, E. hermanii was the sole isolate recovered from urine specimens of a pyelonephritis patient. The organism was found to be susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefazolin, cefixime, aztreonam, gentamicin, tobramycin, imipenem, meropenem and amikacin, and resistant to amoxicillin. Antibiotic treatment was initiated with oral cefixime (400 mg every 24 hours). The symptoms were relieved within 72 hours after therapy. A urine sample was taken seven days after antibiotic therapy. E. hermanii was no longer isolated. DISCUSSION The present case demonstrates that the uropathogenic E. hermanii clone can cause destruction of the kidneys. During asymptomatic bacteriuria or cystitis, the bacteria remain in the urinary tract. Even when pyelonephritis develops, inflammatory response of the host is still restricted to the urinary tract. These signs mean that uropathogenic E. hermanii may be not very virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qing Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, China
- Corresponding author: Yan Qing Tong, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Gongnong Road, No 1478, Changchun City, Jilin province, China, P.O.Box: 130021. Tel: +86-43186178717, Fax: +86-43186177222, E-mail:
| | - Bing Xin
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, China
| | - Shu Qing Sun
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, China
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Structural elucidation and antimicrobial activity of new phencomycin derivatives isolated from Burkholderia glumae strain 411gr-6. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:721-3. [PMID: 24781954 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cantón E, Espinel-Ingroff A, Pemán J. Trends in antifungal susceptibility testing using CLSI reference and commercial methods. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 7:107-19. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.7.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bhardwaj V, Monga J, Sharma A, Sharma S, Sharma A, Sharma P. A novel surfactant aided micellar system of oxidation inhibitors in clotrimazole bioadhesive gel: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluation against Candida clinical isolates. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLZ) is a widely used antifungal agent with poor aqueous solubility, which requires the development of new delivery systems to improve its therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- , India
| | - Jitender Monga
- Department of Medical Urology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Medical Parasitology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy
- Ropar, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- , India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bioinformatics and Pharmacy
- Jaypee University of Information Technology
- , India
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Tong Y, Dou L, Wang C. Peritonitis due to Burkholderia gladioli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:174-5. [PMID: 23886791 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis. Burkholderia gladioli, as a plant pathogen, were cultured from peritoneal effluent. Peritonitis healed after intraperitoneal cefazolin and gentamicin. This case indicated that CAPD effluent may be contaminated by B. gladioli, causing CAPD-related peritonitis. On the other hand, it can be successfully treated with intraperitoneal antimicrobials without removal of the Tenckhoff catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanQing Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affilliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Colosi IA, Faure O, Dessaigne B, Bourdon C, Lebeau B, Colosi HA, Pelloux H. Susceptibility of 100 filamentous fungi: comparison of two diffusion methods, Neo-Sensitabs and E-test, for amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole. Med Mycol 2011; 50:378-85. [PMID: 21981028 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.616543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the E-test method to that of the Neo-Sensitabs tablet diffusion assay for evaluating the in vitro susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., zygomycetes and other molds) to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and posaconazole. We determined the categorical agreement level between E-test minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and tablet end-points, as opposed to the following disagreement parameters: very major error - resistant parameter (R) in E-test and susceptible (S) in tablet; major error - S by E-test and R by tablet; minor error - shifts between S and susceptible dose-dependent (S-DD) or S-DD and R. We also performed linear regression analyses and computed Pearson's correlation coefficients (R values) between the log transforms of MICs and the inhibition zone diameters of the five studied antifungal agents. For itraconazole we obtained 97% categorical agreement and R = -0.727. Categorical agreement for caspofungin and voriconazole was 96% and R =-0.821 and R = -0.789, respectively. For posaconazole the categorical agreement was 94% and R =-0.743. Amphotericin B exhibited a lower degree of agreement (76%, R = -0.672), especially in studies of Aspergillus spp. Our results suggest a potential value of the Neo-Sensitabs assay for in vitro susceptibility testing of molds to itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and posaconazole, while amphotericin B exhibited an overall lower degree of agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana A Colosi
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Ruhnke M, Rickerts V, Cornely OA, Buchheidt D, Glöckner A, Heinz W, Höhl R, Horré R, Karthaus M, Kujath P, Willinger B, Presterl E, Rath P, Ritter J, Glasmacher A, Lass-Flörl C, Groll AH. Diagnosis and therapy of Candida infections: joint recommendations of the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy. Mycoses 2011; 54:279-310. [PMID: 21672038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Invasive Candida infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and hospitalised patients. This article provides the joint recommendations of the German-speaking Mycological Society (Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft, DMyKG) and the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy (PEG) for diagnosis and treatment of invasive and superficial Candida infections. The recommendations are based on published results of clinical trials, case-series and expert opinion using the evidence criteria set forth by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Key recommendations are summarised here: The cornerstone of diagnosis remains the detection of the organism by culture with identification of the isolate at the species level; in vitro susceptibility testing is mandatory for invasive isolates. Options for initial therapy of candidaemia and other invasive Candida infections in non-granulocytopenic patients include fluconazole or one of the three approved echinocandin compounds; liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole are secondary alternatives because of their less favourable pharmacological properties. In granulocytopenic patients, an echinocandin or liposomal amphotericin B is recommended as initial therapy based on the fungicidal mode of action. Indwelling central venous catheters serve as a main source of infection independent of the pathogenesis of candidaemia in the individual patients and should be removed whenever feasible. Pre-existing immunosuppressive treatment, particularly by glucocorticosteroids, ought to be discontinued, if feasible, or reduced. The duration of treatment for uncomplicated candidaemia is 14 days following the first negative blood culture and resolution of all associated symptoms and findings. Ophthalmoscopy is recommended prior to the discontinuation of antifungal chemotherapy to rule out endophthalmitis or chorioretinitis. Beyond these key recommendations, this article provides detailed recommendations for specific disease entities, for antifungal treatment in paediatric patients as well as a comprehensive discussion of epidemiology, clinical presentation and emerging diagnostic options of invasive and superficial Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruhnke
- Medizinische Klinik m S Onkologie u Hämatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Investigation of the efficacy of micafungin in the treatment of histoplasmosis using two North American strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4447-50. [PMID: 21670186 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01681-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Micafungin alone and combined with liposomal amphotericin B was evaluated against two strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. Micafungin was active in vitro against the mold but not the yeast form but was ineffective in vivo. Micafungin appears to be ineffective in treatment of histoplasmosis.
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Intrapulmonary Disposition of Amphotericin B After Aerosolized Delivery of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (Abelcet; ABLC) in Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2010; 90:1215-9. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181f995ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martins A, Spengler G, Martins M, Rodrigues L, Viveiros M, Davin-Regli A, Chevalier J, Couto I, Pagès JM, Amaral L. Physiological characterisation of the efflux pump system of antibiotic-susceptible and multidrug-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36:313-8. [PMID: 20688487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter aerogenes predominates amongst Enterobacteriaceae species that are increasingly reported as producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Although this mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is important, other mechanisms bestowing a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in this species are now well documented. Amongst these mechanisms is the overexpression of efflux pumps that extrude structurally unrelated antibiotics prior to their reaching their targets. Interestingly, although knowledge of the genetic background behind efflux pumps is rapidly advancing, few studies assess the physiological nature of the overall efflux pump system of this, or for that matter any other, bacterium. The study reported here evaluates physiologically the efflux pump system of an E. aerogenes ATCC reference as well as two strains whose MDR phenotypes are mediated by overexpressed efflux pumps. The activities of the efflux pumps in these strains are modulated by pH and glucose, although the effects of the latter are essentially restricted to pH 8, suggesting the presence of two general efflux pump systems, i.e. proton-motive force-dependent and ABC transporter types, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martins
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gonzales FP, Da Silva SH, Roberts DW, Braga GUL. Photodynamic Inactivation of Conidia of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Aspergillus nidulans with Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:653-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fera MT, La Camera E, De Sarro A. New triazoles and echinocandins: mode of action, in vitro activity and mechanisms of resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 7:981-98. [PMID: 19803707 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different types of mycoses, especially invasive mycoses caused by yeasts and molds, are a growing problem in healthcare. The most notable explanation for this increase is a rise in the number of immunocompromised patients owing to advances in transplantation, the emergence of AIDS and a rise in the number of invasive surgical procedures. Despite advances in medical practice, some therapeutic problems remain. In addition, intrinsic or acquired antifungal resistance may pose a serious problem to antifungal therapy. A new generation of triazole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, ravuconazole and albaconazole) and the recent class of the echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin) have become available, and represent an alternative to conventional antifungals for serious fungal infection management. Currently, only two of the recent triazole generation (voriconazole and posaconazole) and all three echinocandins are available for clinical use. More precisely, voriconazole and posaconazole are indicated for the treatment of invasive fungal infections and the echinocandins for the treatment of specific candidiasis. Voriconazole and posaconazole have a very broad spectrum of antifungal activity that includes Candida species, and filamentous and dimorphic fungi. Their activity extends to both fluconazole- and itraconazole-resistant strains of Candida. A major difference between posaconazole and voriconazole is that posaconazole has activity against Zygomycetes including Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. and Cunninghamella spp., and voriconazole has no activity against this class of fungi. Ravuconazole, isavuconazole and albaconazole have shown very potent in vitro activity against species of Candida, Cryptococcus and Aspergillus, and they are currently in various stages of development. All three echinocandin agents, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin, are similar in their spectrum of activity. Echinocandins do not possess in vitro activity against important basidiomycetes, including Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Trichosporon. This review attempts to deliver the most up-to-date knowledge on the mode of action and mechanisms of resistance to triazoles and echinocandins in fungal pathogens. In addition, the in vitro activity data available on triazoles and echinocandins are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Fera
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Microbiologia Sperimentale, Università oli Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica II piano, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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A Comparison of the eFficacy of Nystatin and Fluconazole Incorporated into Tissue Conditioner on the In Vitro Attachment and Colonization of Candida Albicans. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2010; 7:18-22. [PMID: 21448442 PMCID: PMC3065338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denture stomatitis is a common oral lesion following the use of ill-fitting dentures. A layer of tissue conditioner is usually used to improve adaptation of the denture. These liners can support the in vivo adhesion and colonization of the oral Candida. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the two common antifungal agents mixed with tissue conditioner against Candida albicans. METHODS Tissue conditioner disks (Acrosoft) with 5mm diameter and 1mm thickness containing different concentrations of nystatin and fluconazole (1%, 3%, 5%, 10% wt/wt) as well as disks with no antifungal agents (8 disks for each group) were prepared for experimental biofilm formation by inoculation with Candida albicans cell suspensions. The specimens were incubated in cell culture microtiter plate wells containing Sabouraud's broth in a rotator shaker at 30°C for 48 hours. Then, the specimens were rinsed and sonicated in sterile water to remove surface organisms. The attached yeasts were enumerated by inoculation of the yeast suspension on Sabouraud's agar. The data was compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests using prism software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The 1% to 10% mixture of nystatin and tissue conditioner completely inhibited the attachment and colonization of Candida albicans, although for fluconazole only a 10% concentration caused complete inhibition. Nystatin showed a potentially higher effect in inhibition of candida attachment and colonization (P = 0.0001) compared to that of fluconazole and a statistically significant difference was seen between 5% and 1% fluconazole (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Tissue conditioner with 1% to 10% nystatin or 10% fluconazole can completely inhibit the adhesion and colonization of Candida albicans.
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Patterns of susceptibility of Aspergillus isolates recovered from patients enrolled in the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3271-5. [PMID: 19692558 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00854-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed antifungal susceptibilities of 274 clinical Aspergillus isolates from transplant recipients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis collected as part of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) and examined the relationship between MIC and mortality at 6 or 12 weeks. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 broth dilution method for amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR), posaconazole (POS), and ravuconazole (RAV). The isolate collection included 181 Aspergillus fumigatus, 28 Aspergillus niger, 27 Aspergillus flavus, 22 Aspergillus terreus, seven Aspergillus versicolor, five Aspergillus calidoustus, and two Aspergillus nidulans isolates and two isolates identified as Aspergillus spp. Triazole susceptibilities were < or = 4 microg/ml for most isolates (POS, 97.6%; ITR, 96.3%; VOR, 95.9%; RAV, 93.5%). The triazoles were not active against the five A. calidoustus isolates, for which MICs were > or = 4 microg/ml. AMB inhibited 93.3% of isolates at an MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml. The exception was A. terreus, for which 15 (68%) of 22 isolates had MICs of >1 microg/ml. One of 181 isolates of A. fumigatus showed resistance (MIC > or = 4 microg/ml) to two of three azoles tested. Although there appeared to be a correlation of higher VOR MICs with increased mortality at 6 weeks, the relationship was not statistically significant (R2 = 0.61; P = 0.065). Significant relationships of in vitro MIC to all-cause mortality at 6 and 12 weeks for VOR or AMB were not found.
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