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Yazdanpanah S, Rahbarmah M, Motamedi M, Khodadadi H. Evaluation of the Performance of the Dynamiker Fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan and Fungitell Assay for Diagnosis of Candidemia: Need for New Cut-off Development and Test Validation. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116118. [PMID: 37992564 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
(1-3)-Beta-D Glucan (BDG) detection has shown to be a highly effective tool to diagnose invasive fungal infections. Therefore, this study aimed to compare clinical characteristics of the Fungitell (FA) and Dynamiker Fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan assay (DFA) for the diagnosis of candidemia. Using DFA and FA, the BDG levels of 57 serum samples from case and control groups were determined. The kappa coefficient (κ) and Spearman's rank correlation (rs) were used to examine the consistency of assays on a quantitative and qualitative level, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 94.6 %, 65.0 %, and 87.7% for DFA, and 94.6 %, 75.0 %, and 89.4 % for FA, respectively. The performance of the DFA for the diagnosis of candidemia was highly consistent with that of the FA, both quantitatively (rs: 0.9) and qualitatively (kappa = 0.78). Collectively, the DFA assay performed excellently in comparison to the FA for the diagnosis of candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahbarmah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
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Yazdanpanah S, Jabrodini A, Motamedi M, Zomorodian K, Kharazi M, Shabanzadeh S, Ghasemi F, Shariat S, Rezaei Arab M. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts isolated from onychomycosis: a cross-sectional study with insights into emerging species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 117:6. [PMID: 38153531 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Candida onychomycosis is a common fungal infection affecting the nails, primarily caused by Candida (C.) species. Regarding the increasing trend of Candida onychomycosis and the antifungal resistant phenomenon in recent years, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of Candida onychomycosis, the distribution of emerging species, and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of isolates. Onychomycosis caused by yeast species was confirmed through direct examination and culture of nail scraping among all individuals suspected to have onychomycosis and referred to a medical mycology laboratory between June 2019 and March 2022. Species of yeast isolates were identified using the multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. The antifungal susceptibility of isolates to common antifungal agents and imidazole drugs was evaluated according to the M-27-A3 CLSI protocol. Among 101 yeast strains isolated from onychomycosis, Candida parapsilosis complex (50.49%) was the most common species, followed by C. albicans (20.79%) and C. tropicalis (10.89%). Rare species of yeasts such as C. guilliermondii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also identified by molecular methods. Results obtained from antifungal susceptibility testing showed significant differences in MIC values of isoconazole, fenticonazole, and sertaconazole among different species. Overall, a fluconazole-resistant rate of 3% was found among Candida species. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in MICs of fenticonazole and clotrimazole between the two most prevalent causative species, C. parapsilosis complex and C. albicans. Correct identification of the causative agents of onychomycosis and performing susceptibility testing could be helpful in choosing the most appropriate antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jabrodini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shafigheh Shabanzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnia Ghasemi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Shariat
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei Arab
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shahriarirad R, Shekouhi R, Erfani A, Rastegarian M, Eskandarisani M, Motamedi M, Sarkari B. Evaluation of the features of cystic echinococcosis with concurrent super-infection: a retrospective study in Southern Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:525. [PMID: 37563707 PMCID: PMC10413494 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Superinfection of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening complication with significant morbidities, which can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for superinfected CE, as there is currently limited information available on the differences between superinfected and non-infected CE in terms of clinical features, serological and radiologic findings. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospital records of patients who were diagnosed with hydatid cysts in a 15-year period (2004 to 2018) in two main university-affiliated referral centers in Fars province, southern Iran. Patients' information regarding the demographical and clinical features related to CE, age, sex, previous history of CE or recurrence, size and location of CE, and length of hospital stay were collected. Moreover, the characteristics of concurrent infections with hydatid cysts were recorded. RESULTS A total of 586 surgeries due to CE were performed on 501 patients, of which 67 (11.43%) had reoperations due to the recurrence of the disease. A total of 30 (5.99%) incidences of superinfection were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of laboratory and imaging findings between CE patients with concurrent infections and other CE patients (p-value > 0.05). Among the patients with super-infection, four had fungal infections of the lungs. Aspergillus fumigatus was the causative pathogen in all four patients that were diagnosed with fungal superinfection. All patients underwent surgical excision with favorable long-term outcomes. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a 5.99% incident rate of CE superinfection. Regarding the concurrent fungal infections in hydatid cysts, the patient's symptoms and laboratory and imaging findings are inconclusive and histopathological evaluation seems to be the most reliable option. Surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment option with favorable outcomes and potentially can be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Shekouhi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Erfani
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
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Jabrodini A, Sohrabizdeh M, Aboutalebian S, Hashemi SB, Zomorodian K, Alirezaie A, Rasti Jahromi M, Shamsdin SN, Motamedi M. Molecular strategy for the direct detection and identification of the most common fungal community in cerumen specimens by multiplex PCR. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37624031 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection that is responsible for approximately 9-27 % of otitis externa. However, fungal communities in otomycosis are varied, but Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. are the most common causes of this infection.Hypothesis Statement. The multiplex PCR assay is postulated to be able to directly detect more than one fungal genus in cerumen specimens.Aim. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the role of the multiplex PCR assay in detecting the most common genus of fungi that cause otomycosis directly from the cerumen specimens.Methodology. To detect Candida and Aspergillus/Penicillium genera, three pairs of primers, including pan-fungal, pan-Candida, and pan-Aspergillus/Penicillium, were used in a multiplex PCR. In order to evaluate the performance and reproducibility of the multiplex PCR. the cerumen of 140 patients suspected of otomycosis were investigated.Results. Pan-Candida and pan-Aspergillus/Penicillium primers were designed to amplify the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the β-tubulin gene, respectively. In the multiplex PCR assay, 64 (47.40 %) and 118 (87.40 %) specimens were positive with pan-Candida and pan-Aspergillus/Penicillium primers, respectively. Double amplicon bands of Candida and Aspergillus were obtained in 51 (37.77 %) specimens. In the culture method, yeast (n=18, 13.33 %) and mould (n=117, 86.66 %) were isolated from 135 cerumen specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the multiplex PCR assays using culture method results as the gold standard were determined to be 94, 33, 97, and 22 %, respectively.Conclusion. In our study, multiplex PCR assays enabled simultaneous detection of two common genera of the causative agent of otomycosis in a cerumen specimen. Regarding the high sensitivity of the first step of the multiplex PCR assay, this assay may be used for the direct detection of Candida and Aspergillus genera in other clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jabrodini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sohrabizdeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Basir Hashemi
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arefeh Alirezaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Rasti Jahromi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Shamsdin
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Eghtedarnejad E, Khajeh S, Zomorodian K, Ghasemi Z, Yazdanpanah S, Motamedi M. Direct molecular analysis of Malassezia species from the clinical samples of patients with pityriasis versicolor. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:28-31. [PMID: 37867590 PMCID: PMC10590189 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345029.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Species identification of Malassezia using culture-dependent methods is time-consuming due to their fastidious growth requirements. This study aimed to evaluate a rapid and accurate molecular method in order to diagnose the pityriasis versicolor (PV) and identify Malassezia species from direct clinical samples. Materials and Methods Skin scraping or tape samples from patients with PV and healthy volunteers as the control group were collected. Diagnosis of PV was confirmed by direct microscopic examination. The DNA extraction was performed according to the steel-bullet beating method. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay using HhaI restriction enzyme was applied for the identification and differentiation of Malassezia species. Results The PCR method was able to detect Malassezia in 92.1% of specimens which were also confirmed with microscopic examination. Statistically, a significant association was observed between the results of the two assays (P < 0.001). Moderate agreement was identified between the two methods to diagnose the PV in both populations (Kappa: 0.55). Considering microscopic examination as the gold standard method for confirmation of PV, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value values of the PCR assay for recognition of PV were 85%, 75%, 92%, and 60%, respectively. M. globosa and M. restricta were the most prevalent species isolated from patients. Conclusion In this study, the two-step molecular method based on the amplification of the D1/D2 domain and digestion of the PCR product by one restriction enzyme was able to diagnose and identify Malassezia directly from clinical samples. Consequently, it can be said that the molecular-based method provides more facilities to identify fastidious species, such as M. restricta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Eghtedarnejad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Khajeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Mycology Laboratory, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bahreini MS, Yazdi AR, Jowkar F, Motamedi M, Mikaeili F. Cytotoxic screening and in vitro effect of sodium chlorite against Leishmania major promastigotes. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:945-951. [PMID: 36457781 PMCID: PMC9606154 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. Despite the existence of many therapeutic strategies, the treatment of this infection still faces problems. Sodium chlorite as an antimicrobial agent has been shown to have acceptable tissue regenerative and wound healing properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the in vitro effects of different concentrations of sodium chlorite on Leishmania major promastigotes and macrophage cells. The inhibitory and toxicity effect of various concentrations (0.0035, - 1.8 mg/ml) of sodium chlorite on the standard Iranian strain of L. major promastigotes were evaluated via counting the cells and flow cytometry. Furthermore, cytotoxicity on promastigotes and J774 macrophage cell line were performed by MTT assay. The results of the inhibitory test demonstrated that sodium chlorite had dose-dependent, anti-leishmanial activities. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for promastigotes and J774 cells by cytotoxicity test was detected at 0.17 mg/ml and 0.08 mg/ml after 48 h respectively. Flow cytometry results showed that 27.34% death of promastigotes was observed in 0.0035 mg/ml of sodium chlorite and 78.12% in 1.8 mg/ml. The results of the present study showed that sodium chlorite could be used as an effective treatment for CL, especially in cases resistant to treatment with pentavalent compounds. However, the toxicity of this substance in high concentrations should be considered in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Bahreini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Yazdi
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Jowkar
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Mikaeili
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Motamedi M, Golmohammadi Z, Yazdanpanah S, Saneian SM, Shafiekhani M. Epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic interventions and outcomes of mucormycosis in Shiraz: an 8-year retrospective case study with comparison between children and adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17174. [PMID: 36229497 PMCID: PMC9561111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rate despite the early diagnosis and proper therapeutic interventions. Given the importance of epidemiological data in reviewing the attitude toward infectious diseases in developing countries, the current retrospective case study aimed to compare the epidemiological aspects, risk factors, clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of mucormycosis between adults and children during eight years (2013-2021) in the main infectious disease referral centers in the southwest of Iran. The median age of 164 patients included in this study was 47 years (IQR 22-59). The median length of hospitalization was 33 days.The annual incidence of mucormycosis-related hospitalizations was estimated 1.76 per 10,000 admissions during the study period. Moreover, the incidence of infection was 2.4 times higher in males than females in children. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent predisposing factor in adults (46.0%). The main risk factor in children was hematologic malignancy (52.6%), but a considerable proportion of them (28.9%) were immunocompetent.The most frequent antifungal agent used was liposomal amphotericin B (82.3%) as monotherapy. The combination therapy was used more in adults (15.8%) than children (7.9%). In addition, surgical intervention with antifungal therapy was considered the most effective therapeutic approach. The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.6% for adults, whereas it was zero for children. Our findings provide a recent epidemiologic analysis of mucormycosis among hospitalized patients in both children and adults. Mucormycosis mainly affects individuals with diabetes mellitus or hematological malignancies and presents as rhino-orbito-cerebral form. Proven diagnosis of mucormycosis according to clinical manifestations and histopathology observations accompanied by proper antifungal treatments may improve survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Golmohammadi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Mojtaba Saneian
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiekhani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Organ Transplant Center, Abu-Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Motamedi M, Amini A, Yazdanpanah S, Mahmoodi M, Khodadadi H, Zalpoor H. Evaluation of different DNA extraction methods based on steel-bullet beating for molecular diagnosis of onychomycosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24657. [PMID: 35989493 PMCID: PMC9550968 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering increased trends toward molecular methods for detection/identification of fungi causing onychomycosis, the aim of this study is comparison three DNA extraction methods based on steel-bullet beating to extract DNA from nail. METHODS Ex -vivo onychomycosis model was developed using bovine hoof with Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. For two models, total DNA was extracted using the three different methods. In method 1, the extraction and purification were performed by steel-bullet beating and phenol chloroform protocol, respectively. In method 2, a freezing step were applied before beating. The purification step in method 3 was carried out using a commercial kit, although DNA extraction was done similarly to method 1 in that approach. To evaluate the efficacy of each method, the extracted genomic DNA was amplified with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions. Moreover, 50 nail samples were evaluated for onychomycosis using direct microscopy examination as well as PCR in order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the optimal DNA extraction method. RESULTS Regarding the desirable quality of the extracted DNA, cost effectiveness, and simplicity, method 1 could be used to extract DNA effectively. Additionally, the obtained data showed that PCR had a higher detection rate of fungal agents in the nail samples than direct microscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the mechanical disruption of the cell wall by steel-bullet beating is a useful and practical method to improve the quantity and quality of fungal DNA thorough the extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdulbaqi Amini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Siences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nilsson S, Deng M, Kutrolli E, Motamedi M, Olivecrona G, Kersten S. Silencing of ANGPTL4 via antisense oligonucleotides effectively reduces plasma triglyceride and glucose levels in mice without causing lymphadenopathy. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Yazdanpanah S, Sasanipoor F, Khodadadi H, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Jowkar F, Zomorodian K, Kharazi M, Mohammadi T, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Nasr R, Motamedi M. Quantitative analysis of in vitro biofilm formation by clinical isolates of dermatophyte and antibiofilm activity of common antifungal drugs. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:120-127. [PMID: 35780324 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilm, as one of the virulence factors in fungal infections which contribute to antifungal resistance, is an outstanding aspect of dermatophytosis that has been noted recently. Because of the paucity of data about the biofilm formation by dermatophytes and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs, this study evaluated the biofilm formation by clinical isolates of dermatophytes and antibiofilm activity of common antifungals widely used to manage dermatophytosis. METHODS The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions sequencing for species identification of 50 clinical dermatophyte isolates was performed. The ability of isolates to form biofilm and inhibitory activity of itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin against biofilm formation was assayed by the crystal violet staining method. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied for the visualization of the biofilm structures. RESULTS Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes (n: 14; 28%) and T. rubrum (n: 13;26%) were included in more than half of the dermatophyte isolates. Biofilm formation was observed in 37 out of 50 (74%) isolates that were classified as follows: nonproducers (n: 13; 26%), weak producers (n: 4; 8%), moderate producers (n: 16; 32%), and strong producers (n: 17; 34%) by comparison of the absorbance of biofilms produced by clinical strains with control. The mean IC50 values for terbinafine, griseofulvin, and itraconazole were 2.42, 3.18, and 3.78 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that most of the clinical dermatophyte isolates are capable to form biofilm in vitro with variable strength. Moreover, terbinafine can be suggested as the first-line choice for the treatment of biofilm-formed dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forozan Sasanipoor
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farideh Jowkar
- Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Nasr
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Faramarzi S, Motamedi M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Aboutalebian S, Ansari S, Didehdar M, Bahadoran M, Mirhendi H. A simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid identification of the common pathogenic dermatophytes: Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. Curr Med Mycol 2022; 7:1-7. [PMID: 35028478 PMCID: PMC8740852 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The most common etiological agents of human dermatophytosis in various parts of the world are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Epidermophyton floccosum.
The main aim of this study was to design and evaluate a simple and straightforward multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for reliable identification/differentiation of these species
in clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: The reliable sequences of several molecular targets of dermatophytes species were used to design a multiplex PCR for the identification of common pathogenic dermatophytes.
The isolates and clinical specimens examined in this study included seven standard strains of dermatophytes, 101 isolates of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte molds/yeasts which
had already been identified by sequencing or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and 155 clinical samples from patients suspected of cutaneous mycoses. Results: Species-specific primer pairs for T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes were designed based on the sequence data of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene,
and the primers for E. floccosum targeted the specific sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The multiplex PCR successfully
detected T. rubrum, T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes, and E. floccosum strains that were identified by sequencing or PCR-RFLP. However, the primer pairs selected
for T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes cross-reacted with Trichophyton tonsurans. In testing the PCR system directly for clinical samples, the proportion of positive
multiplex PCR was higher than positive culture (68.1% vs. 55.4%, respectively). Conclusion: The multiplex assay could detect three common agents out of several causal agents of dermatophytosis, namely T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, and E. floccosum. Therefore, by adding
pan-dermatophyte primers it can be used as a comprehensive detection/identification test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahadoran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Zomorodian K, Naderibeni M, Mirhendi H, Razavi Nejad M, Saneian SM, Mahmoodi M, Kharazi M, Khodadadi H, Pakshir K, Motamedi M. Molecular identification of Malassezia species isolated from neonates hospitalized in Neonatal intensive care units and their mothers. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:13-17. [PMID: 35528624 PMCID: PMC9006734 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.3.7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Given the important role of Malassezia spp. in skin diseases and other associated infections in neonates, this study aimed to investigate the presence and frequency of Malassezia spp.
in the skin of neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units and their mothers using culture and accurate molecular-based methods. Materials and Methods: In total, 205 samples were collected from 130 neonates (>4-day-old) and 75 mothers. Isolation of Malassezia spp. from the skin was performed using Leeming-Notman agar and
modified Dixon agar media. To compare the Malassezia microflora on the skin of the neonates and their mothers, a polymerase chain reaction-sequencing method was performed for spp.
identification of 92 isolates obtained from neonates and their mothers. Moreover, possible associated risk factors for the colonization of Malassezia spp. on the skin were recorded. Results: Cultures from 62.3% of neonates and 77.3% of mothers were positive for Malassezia spp. growth. Malassezia globosa was the most prevalent isolated spp. found in the skin of the study population.
It is noteworthy that a rare Malassezia spp., Malassezia arunalokei, was isolated from the skin of one neonate. There was a 76% similarity between the mother-neonate isolate sequences results.
The statistical analysis showed that the type of feeding is a significant (P<0.001) associated factor for Malassezia skin colonization. Conclusion: The findings support the hypothesis that the colonization of Malassezia in neonates is significantly influenced by that of the mother, and this may be associated with breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naderibeni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostajab Razavi Nejad
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Saneian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Pakshir K, Kamali M, Nouraei H, Zomorodian K, Motamedi M, Mahmoodi M. Molecular characterization and antifungal activity against non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20736. [PMID: 34671053 PMCID: PMC8528813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that caused by different types of fungi. Non-dermatophyte molds are a large saprophytic fungi group that live in nature and could affect traumatic nails. The aim of this study was to identify non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis and evaluation of several antifungal activities against the isolates. The samples consisted of 50 non-dermatophyte molds isolated from patients with onychomycosis confirmed by direct and culture examination fungal. DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, posaconazole, and econazole activity against the isolates. The species identified as: Aspergillus flavus 22 (44%), A. niger 12 (24%), A. fumigates, 3 (6%), A. sydowii 3 (6%), A. terreus 1 (2%), Penicillium commune 2 (4%), P. glabrum 2 (4%), P. chrysogenum, 1 (2%), Fusarium solani 3 (6%) and F. thapsinum 1 (2%). Most of the samples were sensitive to terbinafine, itraconazole, and econazole and 94% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole. This study showed that Aspergillus species were the most common cause of non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis and fluconazole was the most resistant antifungals. Care must be taken to choose the appropriate antifungal drug for a better cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mandana Kamali
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Zareshahrabadi Z, Karimirad M, Pakshir K, Bahmyari R, Motamedi M, Nouraei H, Zomorodian K. Survey of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A contamination in spices by HPLC-based method in Shiraz, Southern of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:40992-40999. [PMID: 33774787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among food and agricultural products, spices play important roles in the diets of millions of people worldwide. These products may be colonized by fungi genus and subsequently mycotoxin production. Due to the large demand and supply of spice for cooking, preservative effects, or medicine purpose, it is essential that further investigation is designed to examine mycotoxins in spice. In the present study, the possible contamination of spices by aflatoxins (AFTs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were analyzed. A total of 80 spice samples (curry, sumac, ginger, and saffron) were purchased and cultured on appropriate medium. Simultaneously mycotoxins from spices were extracted with immunoaffinity columns (IAC), and the occurrence of AFTs (B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) and OTA was then determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). The results depicted that 62 (77.5%) and 58 (72.5%) spice samples were contaminated with AFTs and OTA, respectively. Out of the 80 analyzed spices samples, the mean concentration of AFTs and OTA was higher in the curry samples. Among spices that contaminated with mycotoxins, 5 (6.25%) and 2 (10%) of the samples were above the acceptable limit of AFTs (≥ 10 μg/kg) and OTA (≥ 15 μg/kg), respectively. Aspergillus species were the predominant species isolated, followed by Penicillium, and finally Mucor species.Among the examined samples, only few curry samples were contaminated with mycotoxins above acceptable limit. Despite this low level of contamination, this spice is used daily in the cuisine of this region of the world, and consequently, even the small amount of these heat stable toxins for a long time may cause many adverse effects. Hence, it is recommended to monitor the toxicogenous fungi contamination and level of mycotoxins in the spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Karimirad
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Robab Bahmyari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Zareshahrabadi Z, Totonchi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ilkit M, Ghahartars M, Arastehfar A, Motamedi M, Nouraei H, Sharifi Lari M, Mohammadi T, Zomorodian K. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017-2019). Mycoses 2020; 64:385-393. [PMID: 33295089 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection affecting individual's quality of life worldwide. The present study aimed to perform species-level identification and evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated in Shiraz, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinical samples collected during 2017-2019 from 307 patients suspected of having dermatophytosis. The isolates were identified by direct microscopy, culture and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequencing, and their antifungal susceptibility patterns were determined by the microdilution method. Among 307 patients, dermatophytosis was diagnosed by microscopy in 190 (61.8%) subjects and confirmed in 130 (42.3%) cases by both microscopy and culture. It was found out tinea pedis was the most common clinical manifestation, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most prevalent species (28.4%), followed by T tonsurans (23.8%), Microsporum canis (11.5%), T interdigitale (10%), T verrucosum (6.9%), T rubrum (6.9%), T benhamiae (4.6%), T violaceum (3%), T simii (3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (0.7%) and M ferrugineum (0.7%). Moreover, it was revealed that luliconazole with a geometric mean (GM) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.03 μg ml-1 was the most effective agent against all tested isolates. Regardless of species, 30% of isolates responded to high MICs of griseofulvin (MIC90 > 2 μg ml-1 ). The increasing prevalence of nonindigenous species of T simii, T benhamiae and M ferrugineum in Shiraz, Iran, was a notable finding. In addition, infections due to zoophilic species showed an increasing trend. These epidemiological data, along with antifungal susceptibility patterns, may have implications for clinical decision-making and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Totonchi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Ghahartars
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Sharifi Lari
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Pakshir K, Farazmand F, Ghasemi F, Mirhendi H, Zomorodian K, Kharazi M, Alborzi Pour R, Golestani H, Motamedi M. Translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene as a marker for diagnosing of candidal onychomycosis. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 6:15-21. [PMID: 32420503 PMCID: PMC7217255 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.1.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Culture-based identification methods have been the gold standard for the diagnosis of candidal onychomycosis. Molecular technologies, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, can provide an alternative for the rapid detection of Candida species. The present study was conducted to investigate a pan-Candida PCR assay based on the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene for the detection of the most prevalent pathogenic Candida species. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, an optimized pan-Candida PCR primer pair was designed, and the target was amplified and sequenced. The analytical and clinical diagnostic performance of the designed primers was tested using 17 reference strains, 137 nail scrapings suspected of onychomycosis, and 10 healthy nail specimens. Results: The use of the universal pan-Candida primers designed on TEF-1α gene resulted in the successful amplification of a 270-base pair fragment in all Candida species tested, except for C. glabrata, and reacted neither with other fungi nor with E. coli. The sequence difference count matrix showed poor insertion/deletion differences (0-2 nt) among Candida species. Among 137 nail specimens, 35% (n=48), 30.7% (n=42), and 40.1% (n=55) of the samples were found to be positive by direct microscopy, culture, and pan-Candida PCR, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the PCR-based detection targeting the DNA TEF-1α gene is a rapid and simple procedure for the diagnosis of candidal onychomycosis directly from nail sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Farazmand
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnoush Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Golestani
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Motamedi M, Saharkhiz MJ, Pakshir K, Amini Akbarabadi S, Alikhani Khordshami M, Asadian F, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zomorodian K. Chemical compositions and antifungal activities of Satureja macrosiphon against Candida and Aspergillus species. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 5:20-25. [PMID: 32104740 PMCID: PMC7034783 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.4.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite the various applications of Satureja species, there are limited data in this domain. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the essential oil (EO) biological activity of S. macrosiphon species in Iran. Materials and Methods: The EO of S. macrosiphon flowers was obtained by hydrodistillation. Chemical compositions of the EO were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured by means of the broth microdilution method. The estimation of antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities was also accomplished using the tetrazolium salt and MTT assays, respectively. Results: A total of 26 components were identified in the EO with linalool as the main constituent (28.46%). A MIC range value of 0.25-8 μL/mL was obtained against all of the tested fungi. The EO inhibited the biofilm development of the Candida tested strains at a concentration of 4-8 μL/mL. Cytotoxicity (IC50) of EO against the HeLa cell was greater than the MIC concentration (6.49 μL/mL). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that the EO of S. macrosiphon has the potential for further use as an antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Amini Akbarabadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhani Khordshami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Motamedi M, Haghighi L, Omidian M, Sarkari B. Coinfection of Strongyloides stercoralis and Aspergillus sp. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8649409. [PMID: 32565789 PMCID: PMC7271055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8649409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strongyloides stercoralis has the ability to proliferate in its hosts for a long time. In most patients with a competent immune system, the infection remains asymptomatic. OBJECTIVES Herein, we report a case of concomitant infection of Strongyloides and Aspergillus. Similar cases reported previously were reviewed in the literature and discussed in terms of diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment. METHODS The patient was a 55-year-old man who had a medical history of two masses in his lung and was treated with corticosteroids six months before the presentation. RESULTS Using the parasitological methods, massive actively motile larvae of S. stercoralis were seen in the patient's faecal sample. Aspergillus infection was isolated from his fresh bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample and confirmed by observing the septate, dichotomously branched hyphae in direct microscopic examination and also the isolation of the fungus from the culture medium. Molecular analysis revealed that the fungal species isolated from the patient are A. flavus and A. niger. Conclusion. The case highlights the features of concomitant infection of S. stercoralis and Aspergillus in immunocompromised patients and the importance of screening patients for strongyloidiasis before initiation of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lida Haghighi
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Omidian
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- 2Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Motamedi M, Sharifi Lari M, Pakshir K, Zomorodian K. Comparing real-time PCR and Calcofluor-white with conventional methods for rapid detection of dermatophytes: Across-sectional study. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 161:84-86. [PMID: 31022417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of conventional methods, Calcofluor-white, and Real-time PCR methods were compared to establish an effective method for screening dermatomycosis. Our results showed excellent agreement between direct examination with Calcofluor -white (kappa = 0.97) and real-time PCR (kappa = 0.89) in 307 clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Sharifi Lari
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Roushan J, Arzani M, Ghanaei A, Mashhadi A, Motamedi M, Karvigh S. HD-tDCS in patients with refractory left focal LTE: cognitive performance. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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21
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Motamedi M, Ramezanzadeh B, Mahdavian M. Corrosion inhibition properties of a green hybrid pigment based on Pr-Urtica Dioica plant extract. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kharazi M, Ahmadi B, Makimura K, Farhang A, Kianipour S, Motamedi M, Mirhendi H. Characterization of beta-tubulin DNA sequences within Candida parapsilosis complex. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:24-29. [PMID: 30186990 PMCID: PMC6101151 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of candidemia in children and patients with onco-hematological diseases, septic arthritis, peritonitis, vaginitis, and nail and skin infections. Regarding this, the present study was condcuted to evaluate intra- and inter-species variation within beta-tubulin DNA sequence of C. parapsilosis complex in order to establish the utilization of this gene in the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the species. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 isolates representing three different species of C. parapsilosis complex were used in this study, all of which were identifed by ITS-sequencing. For the successful amplification of beta-tubulin gene, a newly designed set of pan-Candida primers was used, followed by bilaterally sequence analysis for pairwise comparisons, determination of multiple alignments, evaluation of sequence identity levels, counting sequence difference, and construction of phylogenetic tree. Results: The multiple alignment of 623-629 bp-long nucleotide (nt) sequences reflecting the beta-tubulin gene indicated an inter-species divergence ranging within 0-68 nt in C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis with a mean similarity of 84.7% among the species. Meanwhile, the intra-species differences of 0-20 and 0-6 nt were found between the strains of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, respectively. The phylogenetic tree topology was characterized by a clade made up by C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, while C. metapsilosis formed a related but separate lineage. Conclusion: Our data provided the basis for further discoveries of the relationship between the species belonging to C. parapsilosis complex. Furthermore, the findigns of the prsent study revealed the efficiency of beta-tubulin DNA sequence data in the identification and taxonomy of C. parapsilosis and other pathogenic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Armin Farhang
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Kianipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kharazi M, Ahmadi B, Makimur K, Farhang A, Kianipour S, Motamedi M, Mirhendi H. Characterization of beta-tubulin DNA sequences within Candida parapsilosis complex. Curr Med Mycol 2018. [DOI: 10.18502/cmm.v4i1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of candidemia in children and patients with onco-hematological diseases, septic arthritis, peritonitis, vaginitis, and nail and skin infections. Regarding this, the present study was condcuted to evaluate intra- and inter-species variation within beta-tubulin DNA sequence of C. parapsilosis complex in order to establish the utilization of this gene in the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the species. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 isolates representing three different species of C. parapsilosis complex were used in this study, all of which were identifed by ITS-sequencing. For the successful amplification of beta-tubulin gene, a newly designed set of pan-Candida primers was used, followed by bilaterally sequenc analysis for pairwise comparisons, determination of multiple alignments, evaluation of sequence identity levels, counting sequence difference, and construction of phylogenetic tree.
Results: The multiple alignment of 623-629 bp-long nucleotide (nt) sequences reflecting the beta-tubulin gene indicated an inter-species divergence ranging within 0-68 nt in C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis with a mean similarity of 84.7% among the species. Meanwhile, the intra-species differences of 0-20 and 0-6 nt were found between the strains of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, respectively.
The phylogenetic tree topology was characterized by a clade made up by C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, while C. metapsilosis formed a related but separate lineage.
Conclusion: Our data provided the basis for further discoveries of the relationship between the species belonging to C. parapsilosis complex. Furthermore, the findigns of the prsent study revealed the efficiency of beta-tubulin DNA sequence data in the identification and taxonomy of C. parapsilosis and other pathogenic yeasts.
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Petrova EV, Brecht HP, Motamedi M, Oraevsky AA, Ermilov SA. In vivo optoacoustic temperature imaging for image-guided cryotherapy of prostate cancer. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:064002. [PMID: 29480808 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to demonstrate in vivo the feasibility of optoacoustic temperature imaging during cryotherapy of prostate cancer. We developed a preclinical prototype optoacoustic temperature imager that included pulsed optical excitation at a wavelength of 805 nm, a modified clinical transrectal ultrasound probe, a parallel data acquisition system, image processing and visualization software. Cryotherapy of a canine prostate was performed in vivo using a commercial clinical system, Cryocare® CS, with an integrated ultrasound imaging. The universal temperature-dependent optoacoustic response of blood was employed to convert reconstructed optoacoustic images to temperature maps. Optoacoustic imaging of temperature during prostate cryotherapy was performed in the longitudinal view over a region of 30 mm (long) × 10 mm (deep) that covered the rectum, the Denonvilliers fascia, and the posterior portion of the treated gland. The transrectal optoacoustic images showed high-contrast vascularized regions, which were used for quantitative estimation of local temperature profiles. The constructed temperature maps and their temporal dynamics were consistent with the arrangement of the cryoprobe and readouts of the thermal needle sensors. The temporal profiles of the readouts from the thermal needle sensors and the temporal profile estimated from the normalized optoacoustic intensity of the selected vascularized region showed significant resemblance, except for the initial overshoot, that may be explained as a result of the physiological thermoregulatory compensation. The temperature was mapped with errors not exceeding ±2 °C (standard deviation) consistent with the clinical requirements for monitoring cryotherapy of the prostate. In vivo results showed that the optoacoustic temperature imaging is a promising non-invasive technique for real-time imaging of tissue temperature during cryotherapy of prostate cancer, which can be combined with transrectal ultrasound-the current standard for guiding clinical cryotherapy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Petrova
- Tomowave Laboratories, Inc., 6550 Mapleridge St, Ste 124, Houston, TX 77081-4629, United States of America. Present address: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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Ghiaie Asl I, Motamedi M, Shokuhi GR, Jalalizand N, Farhang A, Mirhendi H. Molecular characterization of environmental Cladosporium species isolated from Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29302623 PMCID: PMC5747582 DOI: 10.29252/cmm.3.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cladosporium species are ubiquitous, saprobic, dematiaceous fungi, only infrequently associated with human and animal opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods: Airborne samples were collected using the settle plate method, and soil samples were obtained from a depth of 5-10 cm of the superficial soil layer. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plates, incubated at 25°C, and examined daily for fungal colonies for two to three weeks. Isolates were identified as Cladosporium species according to the macroscopic and microscopic criteria. For species differentiation, DNA from 53 isolates was extracted and subjected to amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region followed by sequencing. Results: A total of 270 samples were collected from various environmental sources, of which 79 strains of Cladosporium species were isolated. The most frequent species was C. cladosporioides (50.6%), followed by C. iridis (44.3%), C. elatum (2.5%), C. peranqestum (1.3%), and C. alicinum (1.3%). Conclusion: The collected data can serve as baseline information for future research and may be useful in the development of preventive and educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghiaie Asl
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G R Shokuhi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Jalalizand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Farhang
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ghiaie Asl I, Motamedi M, Shokuhi GR, Jalalizand N, Farhang A, Mirhendi H. Molecular characterization of environmental Cladosporium species isolated from Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 3:1-5. [PMID: 29302623 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.3.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cladosporium species are ubiquitous, saprobic, dematiaceous fungi, only infrequently associated with human and animal opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods Airborne samples were collected using the settle plate method, and soil samples were obtained from a depth of 5-10 cm of the superficial soil layer. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plates, incubated at 25°C, and examined daily for fungal colonies for two to three weeks. Isolates were identified as Cladosporium species according to the macroscopic and microscopic criteria. For species differentiation, DNA from 53 isolates was extracted and subjected to amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region followed by sequencing. Results A total of 270 samples were collected from various environmental sources, of which 79 strains of Cladosporium species were isolated. The most frequent species was C. cladosporioides (50.6%), followed by C. iridis (44.3%), C. elatum (2.5%), C. peranqestum (1.3%), and C. alicinum (1.3%). Conclusion The collected data can serve as baseline information for future research and may be useful in the development of preventive and educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghiaie Asl
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G R Shokuhi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Jalalizand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Farhang
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jafari Z, Motamedi M, Jalalizand N, Shokoohi GR, Charsizadeh A, Mirhendi H. Comparison of CHROMagar, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and polymerase chain reaction-fragment size for the identification of Candida species. Curr Med Mycol 2017; 3:10-15. [PMID: 29707668 PMCID: PMC5914921 DOI: 10.29252/cmm.3.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The epidemiological alteration in the distribution of Candida species, as well as the significantly increasing trend of either intrinsic or acquired resistance of some of these fungi highlights the need for a reliable method for the identification of the species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the methods facilitating the quick and precise identification of Candida species. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of CHROMagar, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and PCR-fragment size polymorphism (PCR-FSP) assays in the identification of Candida species to determine the benefits and limitations of these methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 107 Candida strains, including 20 standard strains and 87 clinical isolates. The identification of the isolates was accomplished by using CHROMagar as a conventional method. The PCR-RFLP assay was performed on the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and the consequent enzymatic digestion was compared with PCR-FSP results in which ITS1 and ITS2 regions were separately PCR amplified. In both molecular assays, yeast identification was carried out through the specific electrophoretic profiles of the PCR products. RESULTS According to the results, the utilization of CHROMagar resulted in the identification of 29 (33.3%) Candida isolates, while the PCR-RFLP and PCR-FSP facilitated the identification of 83 (95.4%) and 80 (91.9%) clinical isolates, respectively. The obtained concordances between CHROMagar and PCR-RFLP, between CHROMagar and PCR-FSP, as well as between PCR-RFLP and PCR-FSP were 0.23, 0.20, and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSION The recognition of the benefits and limitations of PCR methods allows for the selection of the most efficient technique for a fast and correct differentiation. The PCR-RFLP and PCR-FSP assays had satisfactory concordance. The PCR-FSP provides a rapid, technically simple, and cost-effective method for the identification of Candida species. Nevertheless, to accurately differentiate among the taxonomically related species, PCR-RFLP should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nilufar Jalalizand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam. R Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Arezu Charsizadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Motamedi M, Mirhendi H, Zomorodian K, Khodadadi H, Kharazi M, Ghasemi Z, Shidfar MR, Makimura K. Clinical evaluation of β-tubulin real-time PCR for rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis, a comparison with mycological methods. Mycoses 2017; 60:692-696. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kharazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; International Campus; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shidfar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology; School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Teikyo University; Tokyo Japan
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Pakshir K, Mohamadi T, Khodadadi H, Motamedifar M, Zomorodian K, Alipour S, Motamedi M. Proteolytic activity and cooperative hemolytic effect of dermatophytes with different species of bacteria. Curr Med Mycol 2016; 2:9-14. [PMID: 28959790 PMCID: PMC5611691 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Globally, dermatophytes are the most common filamentous group of fungi causing cutaneous mycoses. Dermatophytes were shown to secrete a multitude of enzymes that play a role in their pathogenesis. There is limited data on co-hemolytic (CAMP-like) effect of different bacterial species on dermatophyte species. In this study, we sought to the evaluate exoenzyme activity and co-hemolytic effect of four bacteria on clinical dermatophytes isolated from patients in Shiraz, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 84 clinical dermatophyte species were isolated from patients suffering dermatophytosis and identified by conventional methods. Hemolytic activity was evaluated with Columbia 5% sheep blood agar. Proteolytic activity was determined by plate clearance assay method, using gelatin 8% agar. CAMP-like factor was evaluated with four bacteria, namely, S. areus, S.saprophyticus, S.pyogenes, and S.agalactiae. Fisher's exact test was run for statistical analysis. RESULTS T. mentagrophytes was the most predominant agent (27 [32.1%]) followed by T. verrucosum(20 [23.8%]), T. tonsurans (10 [11.9%]), Microsporum canis (7 [8.3%]), T. rubrum (6 [7.1%]), E. floccosum (6 [7.1%]), M. gypseum (5 [6%]), and T. violaceum (3[3.6%]). The most common clinical area of dermatophytosis was the skin. All the isolates expressed the zone of incomplete alpha hemolysis. All the isolates had CAMP- positive reaction with S. aureus and the other bacteria were CAMP-negative. All the isolates expressed proteolytic activity and no significant differences were noted among diverse genera of dermatophytes and severities of proteolytic activity. CONCLUSION This study indicated that hemolysin and proteolytic enzymes potentially play a role in dermatophyte pathogenesis and S. aureus could be considered as a main bacterium for creation of co-hemolytic effect in association with dermatophyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - T Mohamadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Khodadadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Alipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Motamedi M, Ghasemi Z, Shidfar MR, Hosseinpour L, Khodadadi H, Zomorodian K, Mirhendi H. Growing Incidence of Non-Dermatophyte Onychomycosis in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e40543. [PMID: 27800138 PMCID: PMC5080915 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.40543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-dermatophyte onychomycosis (NDO) is caused by a wide range of mold fungi other than dermatophytes, and has been reported at various rates in different countries worldwide. Studies on the incidence of NDO in the community are essential for understanding its epidemiology and control, as well as for the appropriate treatment of these infections. OBJECTIVES In this study, the incidence of NDO in Tehran, Iran, was compared to the incidence of onychomycoses due to dermatophytes and yeasts. METHODS From 2014 through 2015, samples from a total of 1,069 patients with suspected fungal nail diseases, who were referred to three medical mycology laboratories in Tehran, were collected and subjected to direct examination (all samples) and culture (788 samples). Differentiation of the causative agents of onychomycosis was based on microscopic observation of characteristic fungal elements in the nail samples and growth of a significant number of identical colonies on the culture plate. RESULTS Based on only direct microscopy, onychomycosis was diagnosed in 424 (39.6%) cases, among which 35.8% were caused by dermatophytes, 32.7% by yeasts, and 29.3% by non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs), while 2.2% were mixed infections. Direct exam was significantly more sensitive than culture for the diagnosis. The most commonly isolated NDMs were Aspergillus spp. (69.3%, n = 52), followed by Fusarium spp. (n = 7). The other isolated species were Paecilomyces spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Acremonium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Chrysosporium spp., with only one case of each. CONCLUSIONS An increasing frequency of NDO compared to onychomycosis due to other causative agents has been noticeable over the past few years in Iran. This epidemiological data may be useful in the development of preventive and educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shidfar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Leila Hosseinpour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Mirhendi, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3137929165, E-mail:
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Mirhendi H, Motamedi M, Makimura K, Satoh K. Development a diagnostic pan-dermatophyte TaqMan probe real-time PCR assay based on beta tubulin gene. Mycoses 2016; 59:520-7. [PMID: 27071371 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early differentiation of dermatophytosis from other cutaneous mycoses is essential to avoid inaccurate therapy. DNA-based techniques including real-time PCR have increasingly been considered for detection of fungal elements in clinical specimens. In this study, after partial sequence analysis of beta tubulin (BT2) gene in 13 common and rare pathogenic dermatophyte species, a pan-dermatophyte primer and probe set was designed in a TaqMan probe-based PCR format. The sensitivity and specificity of the system was tested with 22 reference strains of dermatophytes, 234 positive clinical specimens, 32 DNA samples extracted from normal nails, several fungi other than dermatophytes and human DNAs. Analytical detection limit of the designed PCR on serially diluted DNAs of prepared recombinant plasmid indicated that only five molecules per sample are the minimum number for reliable detection by the assay. A total of 226 out of 234 (96.5%) DNAs extracted from clinical samples, but none of the 32 nail samples, from healthy volunteers were positive in PCR. The real-time PCR targeted beta tubulin gene established in this study could be a sensitive diagnostic tool which is significantly faster than the conventional culture method and should be useful in the clinical settings, in large-scale epidemiological studies and in clinical trials of antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mirhendi
- Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Departments of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
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Mirhendi H, Zarei F, Motamedi M, Nouripour-Sisakht S. Aspergillus tubingensis and Aspergillus niger as the dominant black Aspergillus, use of simple PCR-RFLP for preliminary differentiation. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:9-16. [PMID: 26852194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the species distribution of common clinical and environmental isolates of black Aspergilli based on simple restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the β-tubulin gene. A total of 149 clinical and environmental strains of black Aspergilli were collected and subjected to preliminary morphological examination. Total genomic DNAs were extracted, and PCR was performed to amplify part of the β-tubulin gene. At first, 52 randomly selected samples were species-delineated by sequence analysis. In order to distinguish the most common species, PCR amplicons of 117 black Aspergillus strains were identified by simple PCR-RFLP analysis using the enzyme TasI. Among 52 sequenced isolates, 28 were Aspergillus tubingensis, 21 Aspergillus niger, and the three remaining isolates included Aspergillus uvarum, Aspergillus awamori, and Aspergillus acidus. All 100 environmental and 17 BAL samples subjected to TasI-RFLP analysis of the β-tubulin gene, fell into two groups, consisting of about 59% (n=69) A. tubingensis and 41% (n=48) A. niger. Therefore, the method successfully and rapidly distinguished A. tubingensis and A. niger as the most common species among the clinical and environmental isolates. Although tardy, the Ehrlich test was also able to differentiate A. tubingensis and A. niger according to the yellow color reaction specific to A. niger. A. tubingensis and A. niger are the most common black Aspergillus in both clinical and environmental isolates in Iran. PCR-RFLP using TasI digestion of β-tubulin DNA enables rapid screening for these common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - F Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nouripour-Sisakht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Motamedi M, Attar MM. Nanostructured vanadium-based conversion treatment of mild steel substrate: formation process via noise measurement, surface analysis and anti-corrosion behavior. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bath pH, vanadia solution concentration and immersion time were optimized for the chemical surface treatment of ST12 mild steel by vanadium-based conversion coating (VCC). Nano-sized vanadium oxide/hydroxide particles were found to form on the steel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Motamedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - M. M. Attar
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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Zarei F, Mirhendi H, Motamedi M, Ahmadi B, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Zarrinfar H, Jalalizand N, Hashemi J. Black Aspergillus species isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Iran. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1454-1456. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nilufar Jalalizand
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pakshir K, Zomorodian K, Zakaei A, Motamedi M, Rahimi Ghiasi M, Karamitalab M. Molecular identification and in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from patients with onychomycosis. Curr Med Mycol 2015; 1:26-32. [PMID: 28681001 PMCID: PMC5490278 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Candida species are the most opportunistic fungi affecting the nails and resulting in onychomycosis. In this study, we identified and evaluated in-vitro susceptibility of the recovered isolates against fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and clotrimazole (CLT) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. MATERIALS AND METHODS From patients with either clinically or mycologically proven onychomycosis, 97 isolates comprising of seven Candida species were isolated, which were identified by both conventional and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, Candida dubliniensis was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis. Antifungal susceptibility of each isolate against the three azoles applied in this study was determined using the CLSI microdilution reference method M27-A3. RESULTS Candida parapsilosis(C. parapsilosis) was the most frequently isolated species (n=44), followed by C. albicans (n=23), C.tropicalis (n=13), C.glabrata (n=7), C.krusei (n=6), C.guilliermondii (n=3), and C. dubliniensis (n=1). All the isolates were susceptible to CLT. VRC had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the isolates compared to FLC. Geometric mean MIC values of VRC, FLC, and CLT for C. parapsilosis isolates were 0.07 μg/ml, 0.8 μg/ml, and 0.35 μg/ml, respectively. Collectively, all species exhibited greater susceptibility to VRC in comparison to C. albicans (P≤0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that non-albicansCandida species were the most common etiologic agents of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis. The major antifungal agents used in clinics to empirically treat yeast onychomycosis are FLC and CLT. Our data suggested that CLT is a better choice for the treatment of Candida onychomycosis, especially in drug resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pakshir
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Zakaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Rahimi Ghiasi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Karamitalab
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Borahay M, Kilic G, Vincent K, Motamedi M, Boehning D. Simvastatin Reduces Fibroid Tumor Size in a Xenograft Animal Model. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Resistance to antibacterial agents has become a serious problem for global health. The current study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of essential oil and respective fractions of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. Seeds of the essential oil were extracted and fractionated using column chromatography. All fractions were then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of the oil and its fractions were assessed using microdilution method. Compounds γ-terpinene (48.07%), ρ-cymene (33.73%), and thymol (17.41%) were determined as major constituents. The effect of fraction II was better than total essential oil, fraction I, and standard thymol. The greater effect of fraction II compared to standard thymol showed the synergistic effects of the ingredients in this fraction. As this fraction and also total oil were effective on the studied microorganism, the combination of these products with current antimicrobial agents could be considered as new antimicrobial compounds in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoodreza R. Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Yavari
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Alavi G, Alavi A, Saberfiroozi M, Sarbazi A, Motamedi M, Hamedani S. Dental Erosion in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in a Sample of Patients Referred to the Motahari Clinic, Shiraz, Iran. J Dent (Shiraz) 2014; 15:33-38. [PMID: 24738088 PMCID: PMC3986576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Systematic reviews of the literature show that the dental erosion is associated with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).The prevalence of the problem may not be exclusively similar in different countries. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) with dental erosion in a sample of Iranian population regarding the standing difference in the Iranian oral hygiene and diet. Material s and Method: 140 patients with the average age of 30 to 50 years old comprised the study group. The participants were already eligible for the endoscopic examination, diagnosed by their gastroenterologist. All patients completed a detailed questionnaire regarding the medical and dental situations. After completing the questionnaire and before endoscopy, dental examination was performed by two blinded dentists.The endoscopy was then performed by a gastroenterologist and the patients were divided into three groups of healthy, suspected to GERD, and positive GERD. Data were collected and analyzed by Chi- Square test. The cross tabulation test was performed to compare the qualitative variants and discover the correlations. The statistical significance was adopted as: p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of dental erosion in GERD patients (22.6%) was found to be higher than the suspected (5.3%) and the healthy (7%) individuals. CONCLUSION This study declared the GERD patients are at higher risk of developing dental erosion compared to the healthy individuals in a sample of Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alavi
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
| | - Aa Alavi
- Biomaterial Research Center, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Saberfiroozi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
| | - Ah Sarbazi
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN
| | - M Motamedi
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
| | - Sh Hamedani
- Dental Research Development Center (DRDC), School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
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Boretsky A, van Kuijk E, Motamedi M. Multimodal imaging of the retina in aging and age-related macular degeneration. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.15.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Briley D, Boretsky A, Motamedi N, Motamedi M. High resolution volumetric imaging in the murine retina. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.15.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Arab S, Mojarrad M, Motamedi M, Mirzaei R, Modarressi MH, Hadjati J. Tumour regression induced by co-administration of MIP-3α and CpG in an experimental model of colon carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:28-34. [PMID: 23672351 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CCL20/macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) represents one of the potent chemoattractive proteins for dendritic cells (DCs). Herein, we investigated whether in vivo genetic modification of tumour cells aimed at intratumoural production of MIP-3α might lead to accumulation of DCs in tumour tissue. Mice injected with CT26, received recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors (AdMIP-3α) expressing MIP-3α protein. This was complemented by injections of CpG. Interestingly, MIP-3α gene therapy combined with CpG injections resulted in specific cytotoxicity. This was associated with significant suppression of tumour growth rate. These findings demonstrate the potential of strategies that utilize in vivo overexpression of chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saharkhiz MJ, Motamedi M, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Miri R, Hemyari K. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. ISRN Pharm 2012; 2012:718645. [PMID: 23304561 PMCID: PMC3532871 DOI: 10.5402/2012/718645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Variations in quantity and quality of essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of cultivated Mentha piperita were determined. The EO of air-dried sample was obtained by a hydrodistillation method and analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antifungal activity of the EO was investigated by broth microdilution methods as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A biofilm formation inhibition was measured by using an XTT reduction assay. Menthol (53.28%) was the major compound of the EO followed by Menthyl acetate (15.1%) and Menthofuran (11.18%). The EO exhibited strong antifungal activities against the examined fungi at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 8.0 μL/mL. In addition, the EO inhibited the biofilm formation of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis at concentrations up to 2 μL/mL. Considering the wide range of the antifungal activities of the examined EO, it might be potentially used in the management of fungal infections or in the extension of the shelf life of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
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Zomorodian K, Rahimi MJ, Pakshir K, Motamedi M, Ghiasi MR, Rezashah H. Determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns among the clinical isolates of Candida species. J Glob Infect Dis 2012; 3:357-60. [PMID: 22223999 PMCID: PMC3249991 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.91059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that cause infections ranging from simple dermatosis to potentially life-threatening fungemia. The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs has been increased in the past two decades. AIM the present study we determined to find out the susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of Candida species against four antifungal drugs, including amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antifungal susceptibility testing of the yeasts was done in accordance with the proposed guidelines for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeasts based on the CLSI document M44-A. RESULTS A total of 206 yeast isolates were assessed. Among the evaluated Candida species, the highest rates of resistance to ketoconazole were seen in Candida glabrata (16.6%) and Candida albicans (3.2%). Susceptibility and intermediate response to fluconazole were seen in 96.6% and 3.4% of the Candida isolates, respectively. A total of 19 (9.2%) yeast isolates showed petite phenomenon including 11 C. glabrata, 3 C. albicans, 2 Candida dubliniensis and one isolate of each Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. CONCLUSION The high number of petite mutation in the isolated yeasts should be seriously considered since it may be one of the reasons of antifungal treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiar Zomorodian
- Departments of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Motamedi M, Montazerian M. 223 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF CESAREAN SECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WHO REFERRED TO IMAM ALI HOSPITAL OF ANDIMESHK COUNTY 2010. Maturitas 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(12)70334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Motamedi M, Tehrani-Bagha A, Mahdavian M. A comparative study on the electrochemical behavior of mild steel in sulfamic acid solution in the presence of monomeric and gemini surfactants. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Vincent K, Stanberry L, Moench T, Breitkopf CR, Loza M, Wei J, Paull J, Grady J, Motamedi M, Rosenthal S. P3-S7.17 Noninvasive high resolution imaging with optical coherence tomography for vaginal product safety assessment in women. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shafiei F, Motamedi M, Alavi AA, Namvar B. The Effect of Oxalate Desensitizers on the Microleakage of Resin Composite Restorations Bonded by Etch and Rinse Adhesive Systems. Oper Dent 2010; 35:682-8. [DOI: 10.2341/10-114-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The effect of oxalate desensitizer application after acid etching on the dentinal marginal sealing ability of resin composite restorations may be adhesive-specific.
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Nikoobakht M, Motamedi M, Ebrahimi Nasrabady S, Khashayar P, Afshin A, Orandi A, Talei Khatibi F. MP-17.03: Evaluation of Voiding Dysfunction in Epileptic Patients. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mortazavi SMJ, Heidari P, Esfandiari H, Motamedi M. Trapezoid supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy for knee flexion contractures in patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia 2007; 14:85-90. [PMID: 18005146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flexion deformity of the haemophilic knee is a considerable cause of disability and may need to be managed surgically in severe cases. We have used a trapezoid supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy to correct severe knee flexion deformity. Nine severe haemophilic patients with contractures >30 degrees that were unresponsive to conservative measures underwent 11 trapezoid osteotomies. The angle of deformity was measured using anteroposterior and lateral knee X-ray films at maximum extension. Factor levels of 80-100% were achieved before the operation. A trapezoid osteotomy of the distal femur bone was performed using a lateral approach. The frontal plane angular deformity (if any) was corrected at the same time. The osteotomy site was fixed using an Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteo synthesefragen (AO) condylar blade plate. Following surgery, the knee was supported by a plaster splint at 20 degrees of flexion. Physiotherapy was started on third postoperative day and continued three times a week. There was no serious complication. The deformities were corrected in all of the patients and the mean range of motion increased form 68.6 degrees to 98.1 degrees . Bleeding episodes decreased in all four knees which had a bleeding score of 3 before surgery. Using the Orthopaedic Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Haemophilia scores, nine good and two fair results were obtained. All patients regained the ability to walk for both short and long distance without any aid, climb the stairs, bath, and use public transportation. Trapezoid supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy should be considered in the surgical management of severe haemophilic flexion deformity of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Iranian Tissue Bank (Research and Preparation Centre), Tehran, Iran.
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Petrov Y, Prough D, Deyo D, Petrova I, Motamedi M, Esenaliev R. In vivo noninvasive monitoring of cerebral blood with optoacoustic technique. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:2052-4. [PMID: 17272123 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of blood oxygenation (oxyhemoglobin saturation) measurements using an optoacoustic system in vivo in the superior sagittal sinus of sheep. The system included a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser as a source of radiation and a specially designed optoacoustic probe for signal detection. The optoacoustic signal induced in the superior sagittal sinus by the nanosecond laser pulses correlated well with actual oxyhemoglobin saturation measured with CO-oximeter. We propose to use a two- or multi- wavelength optoacoustic system for noninvasive continuous monitoring of cerebral venous blood oxygenation. The spectra of effective attenuation coefficient were measured in the range 680-1300 nm for oxy- and deoxygenated whole blood and can be employed for calibration of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Petrov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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