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Jürgens C, Ssebyatika G, Beyer S, Plückebaum N, Kropp KA, González-Motos V, Ritter B, Böning H, Nikolouli E, Kinchington PR, Lachmann N, Depledge DP, Krey T, Viejo-Borbolla A. Viral modulation of type II interferon increases T cell adhesion and virus spread. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.26.542397. [PMID: 37292914 PMCID: PMC10246016 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During primary infection, varicella zoster virus (VZV) infects epithelial cells in the respiratory lymphoid organs and mucosa. Subsequent infection of lymphocytes, T cells in particular, causes primary viremia allowing systemic spread throughout the host, including the skin. This results in the expression of cytokines, including interferons (IFNs) which partly limit primary infection. VZV also spreads from skin keratinocytes to lymphocytes prior to secondary viremia. How VZV infects lymphocytes from epithelial cells while evading the cytokine response has not been fully established. Here, we show that VZV glycoprotein C (gC) binds IFN-γ and modifies its activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that gC in combination with IFN-γ increased the expression of a small subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as several chemokines and immunomodulatory genes. The higher ICAM1 protein level at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells resulted in lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)-dependent T cell adhesion. This gC activity required a stable interaction with IFN-γ and signalling through the IFN-γ receptor. Finally, the presence of gC during infection increased VZV spread from epithelial cells to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This constitutes the discovery of a novel strategy to modulate the activity of IFN-γ, inducing the expression of a subset of ISGs, leading to enhanced T cell adhesion and virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Jürgens
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - George Ssebyatika
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Sarah Beyer
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Nina Plückebaum
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Kai A. Kropp
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Víctor González-Motos
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Heike Böning
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Eirini Nikolouli
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology and of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Daniel Pearce Depledge
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
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Gerada C, Campbell TM, Kennedy JJ, McSharry BP, Steain M, Slobedman B, Abendroth A. Manipulation of the Innate Immune Response by Varicella Zoster Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32038653 PMCID: PMC6992605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV and other members of the herpesvirus family are distinguished by their ability to establish a latent infection, with the potential to reactivate and spread virus to other susceptible individuals. This lifelong relationship continually subjects VZV to the host immune system and as such VZV has evolved a plethora of strategies to evade and manipulate the immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of the innate anti-viral control mechanisms faced by VZV. We will also discuss the diverse array of strategies employed by VZV to regulate these innate immune responses and highlight new knowledge on the interactions between VZV and human innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gerada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tessa M Campbell
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Kennedy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Steain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Struzik J, Szulc-Dąbrowska L. Manipulation of Non-canonical NF-κB Signaling by Non-oncogenic Viruses. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 67:41-48. [PMID: 30196473 PMCID: PMC6433803 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a major regulator of antiviral response. Viral pathogens exploit NF-κB activation pathways to avoid cellular mechanisms that eliminate the infection. Canonical (classical) NF-κB signaling, which regulates innate immune response, cell survival and inflammation, is often manipulated by viral pathogens that can counteract antiviral response. Oncogenic viruses can modulate not only canonical, but also non-canonical (alternative) NF-κB activation pathways. The non-canonical NF-κB signaling is responsible for adaptive immunity and plays a role in lymphoid organogenesis, B cell development, as well as bone metabolism. Thus, non-canonical NF-κB activation has been linked to lymphoid malignancies. However, some data strongly suggest that the non-canonical NF-κB activation pathway may also function in innate immunity and is modulated by certain non-oncogenic viruses. Collectively, these findings show the importance of studying the impact of different groups of viral pathogens on alternative NF-κB activation. This mini-review focuses on the influence of non-oncogenic viruses on the components of non-canonical NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Struzik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
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Ben Khalifa Y, Luco S, Besson B, Sonthonnax F, Archambaud M, Grimes JM, Larrous F, Bourhy H. The matrix protein of rabies virus binds to RelAp43 to modulate NF-κB-dependent gene expression related to innate immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39420. [PMID: 28000711 DOI: 10.1038/srep39420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix (M) protein of wild isolates of rabies virus such as Tha (M-Tha) was previously shown to be able to interact with RelAp43, a protein of the NF-κB family, and to efficiently suppress NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression, in contrast with the vaccine strain SAD. Here, we analyze the mechanisms involved in RelAp43-M protein interaction. We demonstrate that the central part of M-Tha, and the specific C-terminal region of RelAp43 are required for this interaction. Four differences in the corresponding amino acid sequences of the M-Tha and M-SAD are shown to be crucial for RelAp43 interaction and subsequent modulation of innate immune response. Furthermore, the capacity of M-Tha to interact with RelAp43 was shown to be crucial for the control of the expression of four genes (IFN, TNF, IL8 and CXCL2) during viral infection. These findings reveal that RelAp43 is a potent regulator of transcription of genes involved in innate immune response during rabies virus infection and that the M protein of wild isolates of rabies virus is a viral immune-modulatory factor playing an important role in this RelAp43-mediated host innate immunity response in contrast to M protein of vaccine strains, which have lost this property.
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Wine-lee L, Keller SC, Wilck MB, Gluckman SJ, Van Voorhees AS. From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Vaccination in adult patients on systemic therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:1003-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guise AJ, Budayeva HG, Diner BA, Cristea IM. Histone deacetylases in herpesvirus replication and virus-stimulated host defense. Viruses 2013; 5:1607-32. [PMID: 23807710 PMCID: PMC3738950 DOI: 10.3390/v5071607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights a critical role for protein acetylation during herpesvirus infection. As prominent modulators of protein acetylation, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are essential transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Not surprisingly, viruses have evolved a wide array of mechanisms to subvert HDAC functions. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying HDAC regulation during herpesvirus infection. We next discuss the roles of acetylation in host defense against herpesvirus infection. Finally, we provide a perspective on the contribution of current mass spectrometry-based “omic” technologies to infectious disease research, offering a systems biology view of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ileana M. Cristea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-609-258-9417; Fax: +1-609-258-4575
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Luco S, Delmas O, Vidalain PO, Tangy F, Weil R, Bourhy H. RelAp43, a member of the NF-κB family involved in innate immune response against Lyssavirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003060. [PMID: 23271966 PMCID: PMC3521698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are crucial for many cellular processes. NF-κB is activated by viral infections to induce expression of antiviral cytokines. Here, we identified a novel member of the human NF-κB family, denoted RelAp43, the nucleotide sequence of which contains several exons as well as an intron of the RelA gene. RelAp43 is expressed in all cell lines and tissues tested and exhibits all the properties of a NF-κB protein. Although its sequence does not include a transactivation domain, identifying it as a class I member of the NF-κB family, it is able to potentiate RelA-mediated transactivation and stabilize dimers comprising p50. Furthermore, RelAp43 stimulates the expression of HIAP1, IRF1, and IFN-β - three genes involved in cell immunity against viral infection. It is also targeted by the matrix protein of lyssaviruses, the agents of rabies, resulting in an inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, our data provide the description of a novel functional member of the NF-κB family, which plays a key role in the induction of anti-viral innate immune response. The homeostasis of living cells is tightly regulated by signaling pathways, most of them being pleiotropic, which makes their understanding crucial in biology. One of them, the NF-κB pathway, includes a family of transcription factors involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and cell immunity. In this study, we identified a novel human member of the NF-κB family that we named RelAp43. It shares all the main characteristics of the already known NF-κB family members. Moreover, we demonstrated that RelAp43 induced specifically the expression of genes involved in the innate immune response against viruses. Interestingly, we showed that RelAp43 is specifically targeted by the matrix protein of rabies virus, which contributes to the pathogenesis of the virus and its escape from innate immune response. Taken together, our data provide the description of a novel functional member of the NF-κB family, which is involved in the induction of innate immune response against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Luco
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delmas
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génomique virale et vaccination, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Signalisation moléculaire et Activation cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Lyssavirus et Adaptation à l'Hôte, Paris, France
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Herfs M, Hubert P, Poirrier AL, Vandevenne P, Renoux V, Habraken Y, Cataldo D, Boniver J, Delvenne P. Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Bronchial Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia in Smokers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:67-79. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0353oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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9
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Vandevenne P, Lebrun M, El Mjiyad N, Ote I, Di Valentin E, Habraken Y, Dortu E, Piette J, Sadzot-Delvaux C. The varicella-zoster virus ORF47 kinase interferes with host innate immune response by inhibiting the activation of IRF3. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16870. [PMID: 21347389 PMCID: PMC3036730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response constitutes the first line of host defence that limits viral spread and plays an important role in the activation of adaptive immune response. Viral components are recognized by specific host pathogen recognition receptors triggering the activation of IRF3. IRF3, along with NF-κB, is a key regulator of IFN-β expression. Until now, the role of IRF3 in the activation of the innate immune response during Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection has been poorly studied. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that VZV rapidly induces an atypical phosphorylation of IRF3 that is inhibitory since it prevents subsequent IRF3 homodimerization and induction of target genes. Using a mutant virus unable to express the viral kinase ORF47p, we demonstrated that (i) IRF3 slower-migrating form disappears; (ii) IRF3 is phosphorylated on serine 396 again and recovers the ability to form homodimers; (iii) amounts of IRF3 target genes such as IFN-β and ISG15 mRNA are greater than in cells infected with the wild-type virus; and (iv) IRF3 physically interacts with ORF47p. These data led us to hypothesize that the viral kinase ORF47p is involved in the atypical phosphorylation of IRF3 during VZV infection, which prevents its homodimerization and subsequent induction of target genes such as IFN-β and ISG15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vandevenne
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marielle Lebrun
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nadia El Mjiyad
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology (LOM), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Ote
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Di Valentin
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Yvette Habraken
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Estelle Dortu
- Department of Pathology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Vandevenne P, Sadzot-Delvaux C, Piette J. Innate immune response and viral interference strategies developed by human herpesviruses. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1955-72. [PMID: 20620129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are by far the most abundant parasites on earth and they have been found to infect animals, plants and bacteria. However, different types of viruses can only infect a limited range of hosts and many are species-specific. Herpesviruses constitute a large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in animals, including humans and that are known to undergo lytic or latent infections. Consequently, they developed numerous strategies to counteract host antiviral responses to escape immune surveillance. Innate immune response constitutes the first line of host defence that limits the viral spread and also plays an important role in the activation of adaptive immune response. Viral components are recognized by specific host Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) which trigger the activation of IRF3, NF-κB and AP-1, three regulators of IFN-β expression. IFN-β is responsible for the induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) that encode antiviral effectors important to limit the viral spread and to establish an antiviral state as well in the infected cells as in the neighbouring non-infected cells. In this review, we will summarize how host cells recognize viral components and activate downstream signalling pathways leading to the production of IFN-β and ISGs. We will also review the most recent findings in Herpesviruses-encoded proteins involved in host immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vandevenne
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Research B34, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
The capacity of varicella zoster virus (VZV) to cause varicella (chickenpox) relies upon multiple steps, beginning with inoculation of the host at mucosal sites with infectious virus in respiratory droplets. Despite the presence of a powerful immune defense system, this virus is able to disseminate from the site of initial infection to multiple sites, resulting in the emergence of distinctive cutaneous vesiculopustular lesions. Most recently, it has been proposed that the steps leading to cutaneous infection include VZV infecting human tonsillar CD4(+) T cells that express skin homing markers that allow them to transport VZV directly from the lymph node to the skin during the primary viremia. It has also been proposed that dendritic cells (DC) of the respiratory mucosa may be among the first cells to encounter VZV and these cells may transport virus to the draining lymph node. These various virus-host cell interactions would all need to occur in the face of an intact host immune response for the virus to successfully cause disease. Significantly, following primary exposure to VZV, there is a prolonged incubation period before emergence of skin lesions, during which time the adaptive immune response is delayed. For these reasons, it has been proposed that VZV must encode functions which benefit the virus by evading the immune response. This chapter will review the diverse array of immunomodulatory mechanisms identified to date that VZV has evolved to at least transiently limit immune recognition.
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