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Tan X, Cui J, Liu N, Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Lu D, Fan Y. Study on the immune-enhancing and inhabiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus effects of polysaccharides from Cimicifuga rhizoma. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106719. [PMID: 38810768 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cimicifugae rhizoma is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China, and modern pharmacological research showed that it has obvious antiviral activity. Many polysaccharides have been proved to have immune enhancement and antiviral activity, but there are few studies on the biological activity of Cimicifuga rhizoma polysaccharide (CRP). The aim was to explore the character of CRP and its effects on improving immune activity and inhibiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, fourier transform infrared spectra and electron microscopy analysis of CRP was measured. The effect of CRP on immune activity in lymphocytes and RAW264.7 cells were studied by colorimetry, FITC-OVA fluorescent staining and ELISA. The effect of CRP on TGEV-infected PK-15 cells was determined using Real-time PCR, Hoechst fluorescence staining, trypan blue staining, acridine orange staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent staining, DCFH-DA loading probe, and JC-1 staining. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of CRP in enhancing immunity and anti-TGEV, and molecular docking was used to further analyze the binding mode between CPR and core targets. The results showed that CRP was mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and its molecular weight was 64.28 kDa. The content of iNOS and NO in CRP group were significantly higher than the control group. CRP (125 and 62.5 μg/mL) could significantly enhance the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells, and imprive the content of IL-1β content compared with control group. 250 μg/mL of CRP possessed the significant inhibitory effect on TGEV, which could significantly reduce the apoptosis compared to TGVE group and inhibit the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to TGVE group. The mRNA expression of TGEV N gene in CRP groups was significantly lower than TGEV group. PPI showed that the core targets of immune-enhancing were AKT1, MMP9, HSP90AA1, etc., and the core targets of TGE were CASP3, MMP9, EGFR, etc. Molecular docking show that CRP has binding potential with target. These results indicated that CRP possessed the better immune enhancement effect and anti-TGEV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Nishang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Huicong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Dezhang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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Hao J, Zhang X, Hu R, Lu X, Wang H, Li Y, Cheng K, Li Q. Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology reveals a role for astragaloside IV in inhibiting enterovirus 71 replication via PI3K-AKT signaling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:555. [PMID: 38858642 PMCID: PMC11163744 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV (AST-IV), as an effective active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. It has been found that AST-IV inhibits the replication of dengue virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, and coxsackievirus B3. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) serves as the main pathogen in severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), but there are no specific drugs available. In this study, we focus on investigating whether AST-IV can inhibit EV71 replication and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS The GES-1 or RD cells were infected with EV71, treated with AST-IV, or co-treated with both EV71 and AST-IV. The EV71 structural protein VP1 levels, the viral titers in the supernatant were measured using western blot and 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), respectively. Network pharmacology was used to predict possible pathways and targets for AST-IV to inhibit EV71 replication. Additionally, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used to investigate the potential targeted metabolites of AST-IV. Associations between metabolites and apparent indicators were performed via Spearman's algorithm. RESULTS This study illustrated that AST-IV effectively inhibited EV71 replication. Network pharmacology suggested that AST-IV inhibits EV71 replication by targeting PI3K-AKT. Metabolomics results showed that AST-IV achieved these effects by elevating the levels of hypoxanthine, 2-ketobutyric acid, adenine, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, prostaglandin H2, 6-hydroxy-1 H-indole-3- acetamide, oxypurinol, while reducing the levels of PC (14:0/15:0). Furthermore, AST-IV also mitigated EV71-induced oxidative stress by reducing the levels of MDA, ROS, while increasing the activity of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px. The inhibition of EV71 replication was also observed when using the ROS inhibitor N-Acetylcysteine (NAC). Additionally, AST-IV exhibited the ability to activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and suppress EV71-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that AST-IV may activate the cAMP and the antioxidant stress response by targeting eight key metabolites, including hypoxanthine, 2-ketobutyric acid, adenine, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, prostaglandin H2, 6-Hydroxy-1 H-indole-3-acetamide, oxypurinol and PC (14:0/15:0). This activation can further stimulate the PI3K-AKT signaling to inhibit EV71-induced apoptosis and EV71 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinFang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
| | - Ruixian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Xiufeng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical, Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Yu J, Shi H, Song K, Yang Y, Li X, Peng L, Fu B, Yi P. Naringenin Improves Innate Immune Suppression after PRRSV Infection by Reactivating the RIG-I-MAVS Signaling Pathway, Promoting the Production of IFN-I. Viruses 2023; 15:2172. [PMID: 38005850 PMCID: PMC10674737 DOI: 10.3390/v15112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been prevalent for nearly forty years since it was first reported. It has been one of the major diseases jeopardizing the healthy development of the world swine industry, as well as causing great economic losses to the industry's economic development. Furthermore, no way has been found to combat the disease due to the immunosuppressive properties of its pathogen porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. We previously examined the mRNA expression of IFN-I in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells at different time periods using qRT-PCR, and found that the mRNA expression of IFN-I in the late stage of PRRSV infection showed suppression. Naringenin is a flavonoid found in citrus fruits and has a very wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the modulatory effect of naringenin on the suppressed innate immune response after PRRSV infection. The expression of IFN-I, IL-10, and ISGs in the late stage of PRRSV infection was examined using qRT-PCR, and the results showed that naringenin improved the expression of antiviral cytokines suppressed by PRRSV infection. Further results showed that naringenin treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of proteins related to the RIG-I-MAV immune signaling pathway, and that naringenin could not significantly activate the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway after the addition of the RIG-I inhibitor Cyclo. Overall, these data demonstrated that naringenin could improve the innate immune response suppressed by PRRSV infection by modulating the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway. Therefore, our study will provide a theoretical basis for the development of naringenin as a drug against immunosuppressive viral infectious disease infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Y.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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Fang P, Xie C, Pan T, Cheng T, Chen W, Xia S, Ding T, Fang J, Zhou Y, Fang L, Wei D, Xiao S. Unfolding of an RNA G-quadruplex motif in the negative strand genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by host and viral helicases to promote viral replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10752-10767. [PMID: 37739415 PMCID: PMC10602871 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) is a unique secondary structure formed by guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences. Growing studies reported that the genomes of some viruses harbor G4 structures associated with viral replication, opening up a new field to dissect viral infection. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a representative member of Arteriviridae, is an economically significant pathogen that has devastated the swine industry worldwide for over 30 years. In this study, we identified a highly conserved G-rich sequence with parallel-type G4 structure (named PRRSV-G4) in the negative strand genome RNA of PRRSV. Pyridostatin (PDS), a well-known G4-binding ligand, stabilized the PRRSV-G4 structure and inhibited viral replication. By screening the proteins interacting with PRRSV-G4 in PRRSV-infected cells and single-molecule magnetic tweezers analysis, we found that two helicases, host DDX18 and viral nsp10, interact with and efficiently unwound the PRRSV-G4 structure, thereby facilitating viral replication. Using a PRRSV reverse genetics system, we confirmed that recombinant PRRSV with a G4-disruptive mutation exhibited resistance to PDS treatment, thereby displaying higher replication than wild-type PRRSV. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the PRRSV-G4 structure plays a crucial regulatory role in viral replication, and targeting this structure represents a promising strategy for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Congbao Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ting Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sijin Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junkang Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dengguo Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, and Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Chang H, Song Z, Wei Z, Huang Z, Zheng Z, Zhang G, Sun Y. Brequinar inhibits African swine fever virus replication in vitro by activating ferroptosis. Virol J 2023; 20:242. [PMID: 37875895 PMCID: PMC10599058 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most fatal swine etiological agents and has a huge economic impact on the global pork industry. Given that no effective vaccines or anti-ASFV drugs are available, there remains a pressing need for novel anti-ASFV drugs. This study aimed to investigate the anti-African swine fever virus (ASFV) activity of brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor. METHODS The anti-ASFV activity of brequinar was investigated using IFA, HAD, HAD50, qRT-PCR, and western blotting assays. The western blotting assay was used to investigate whether brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by killing ASFV particles directly or by acting on cell factors. The confocal microscopy and western blotting assays were used to investigate whether brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by activating ferroptosis. RESULTS In this study, brequinar was found to effectively inhibit ASFV replication ex vivo in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose-dependent manner. In kinetic studies, brequinar was found to maintain ASFV inhibition from 24 to 72 hpi. Mechanistically, the time-of-addition assay showed that brequinar exerted anti-ASFV activity in all treatment modes, including pre-, co-, and post-treatment rather than directly killing ASFV particles. Notably, FerroOrange, Mito-FerroGreen, and Liperfluo staining experiments showed that brequinar increased the accumulation of intracellular iron, mitochondrial iron, and lipid peroxides, respectively. Furthermore, we also found that ferroptosis agonist cisplatin treatment inhibited ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of brequinar on ASFV was partially reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, suggesting that brequinar activates ferroptosis to inhibit ASFV replication. Interestingly, exogenous uridine supplementation attenuated the anti-ASFV activity of brequinar, indicating that brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by inhibiting DHODH activity and the depletion of intracellular pyrimidine pools; however, the induction of ferroptosis by brequinar treatment was not reversed by exogenous uridine supplementation, suggesting that brequinar activation of ferroptosis is not related to the metabolic function of pyrimidines. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that brequinar displays potent antiviral activity against ASFV in vitro and reveal the mechanism by which brequinar inhibits ASFV replication by activating ferroptosis, independent of inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis, providing novel targets for the development of anti-ASFV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
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Chen Y, Wei Z, Song Z, Chang H, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Zheng Z, Zhang G. Theaflavin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by disrupting lipid metabolism through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway in virto. Virus Res 2023; 334:199159. [PMID: 37385349 PMCID: PMC10410600 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of African swine fever (ASF), which is one of the most harmful swine diseases in the pig industry because of its nearly 100% mortality rate in domestic pigs and results in incalculable economic loss. Ever since ASF was initially reported, scientists have worked to develop anti-ASF vaccines; however, currently no clinically effective vaccine for ASF is available. Therefore, the development of novel measures to prevent ASFV infection and transmission is essential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-ASF activity of theaflavin (TF), a natural compound mainly isolated from black tea. We found that TF potently inhibited ASFV replication at non-cytotoxic concentrations ex vivo in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Mechanistically, we found that TF inhibited ASFV replication by acting on cells rather than interacting directly with ASFV to inhibit viral replication. Further, we found that TF upregulated the AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway in ASFV-infected and uninfected cells, and treatment with the AMPK agonist MK8722 upregulated the AMPK signaling pathway and inhibited ASFV proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the effects of TF on AMPK activation and ASFV inhibition were partially reversed by the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. In addition, we found that TF down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis and decreased the intracellular accumulation of total cholesterol and total triglycerides in ASFV-infected cells, suggesting that TF may inhibit ASFV replication by disrupting lipid metabolism. In summary, our results demonstrated that TF is an ASFV infection inhibitor and revealed the mechanism by which ASFV replication is inhibited, providing a novel mechanism and potential lead compound for the development of anti-ASFV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Yang X, Long F, Jia W, Zhang M, Su G, Liao M, Zeng Z, Chen W, Chen J. Artesunate inhibits PDE4 leading to intracellular cAMP accumulation, reduced ERK/MAPK signaling, and blockade of influenza A virus vRNP nuclear export. Antiviral Res 2023; 215:105635. [PMID: 37192683 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) have been a major cause of mortality. Given the potential for future deadly pandemics, effective drugs are needed for the treatment of severe influenzas, such as those caused by H5N1 IAV. The anti-malaria drugs artemisinin and its derivates, including artesunate (AS), have been reported to have broad antiviral activities. Here, we showed AS's antiviral activity against H5N1, H1N1, H3N2 and oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)virus in vitro. Moreover, we showed that AS treatment significantly protected mice from lethal challenges with H1N1 and H5N1 IAV. Strikingly, the combination of AS and peramivir treatment significantly improved survival outcomes compared to their monotherapy with either AS or peramivir. Furthermore, we demonstrated mechanistically that AS affected the later stages of IAV replication and limited nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. In A549 cells, we demonstrated for the first time that AS treatment induced cAMP accumulation via inhibiting PDE4, and consequently reduced ERK phosphorylation and blocked IAV vRNP export, and thus suppressed IAV replication. These AS's effects were reversed by the pre-treatment with a cAMP inhibitor SQ22536. Our findings suggest that AS could serve as a novel IAV inhibitor by interfering vRNP nuclear export to prevent and treat IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Feixiang Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Guanming Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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8
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Chen X, Wei Q, Si F, Wang F, Lu Q, Guo Z, Chai Y, Zhu R, Xing G, Jin Q, Zhang G. Design and Identification of a Novel Antiviral Affinity Peptide against Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 (FAdV-4) by Targeting Fiber2 Protein. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040821. [PMID: 37112802 PMCID: PMC10146638 DOI: 10.3390/v15040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) with a novel genotype have been reported in China since 2015, with significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Fiber2 is one of the important structural proteins on FAdV-4 virions. In this study, the C-terminal knob domain of the FAdV-4 Fiber2 protein was expressed and purified, and its trimer structure (PDB ID: 7W83) was determined for the first time. A series of affinity peptides targeting the knob domain of the Fiber2 protein were designed and synthesized on the basis of the crystal structure using computer virtual screening technology. A total of eight peptides were screened using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and RT-qPCR, and they exhibited strong binding affinities to the knob domain of the FAdV-4 Fiber2 protein in a surface plasmon resonance assay. Treatment with peptide number 15 (P15; WWHEKE) at different concentrations (10, 25, and 50 μM) significantly reduced the expression level of the Fiber2 protein and the viral titer during FAdV-4 infection. P15 was found to be an optimal peptide with antiviral activity against FAdV-4 in vitro with no cytotoxic effect on LMH cells up to 200 μM. This study led to the identification of a class of affinity peptides designed using computer virtual screening technology that targeted the knob domain of the FAdV-4 Fiber2 protein and may be developed as a novel potential and effective antiviral strategy in the prevention and control of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fusheng Si
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingxia Lu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhenhua Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxiao Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rongfang Zhu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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9
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Zhang M, Lu C, Su L, Long F, Yang X, Guo X, Song G, An T, Chen W, Chen J. Toosendanin activates caspase-1 and induces maturation of IL-1β to inhibit type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication via an IFI16-dependent pathway. Vet Res 2022; 53:61. [PMID: 35906635 PMCID: PMC9334981 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen which causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Multiple vaccines have been developed to prevent PRRSV infection. However, they provide limited protection. Moreover, no effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral strategies to prevent PRRSV infection and transmission. Here we report that Toosendanin (TSN), a tetracyclic triterpene found in the bark or fruits of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., strongly suppressed type 2 PRRSV replication in vitro in Marc-145 cells and ex vivo in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of transcriptomics revealed that TSN up-regulated the expression of IFI16 in Marc-145 cells. Furthermore, we found that IFI16 silencing enhanced the replication of PRRSV in Marc-145 cells and that the anti-PRRSV activity of TSN was dampened by IFI16 silencing, suggesting that the inhibition of TSN against PRRSV replication is IFI16-dependent. In addition, we showed that TSN activated caspase-1 and induced maturation of IL-1β in an IFI16-dependent pathway. To verify the role of IL-1β in PRRSV infection, we analyzed the effect of exogenous rmIL-1β on PRRSV replication, and the results showed that exogenous IL-1β significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and PAMs in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings indicate that TSN significantly inhibits PRRSV replication at very low concentrations (EC50: 0.16–0.20 μM) and may provide opportunities for developing novel anti-PRRSV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunni Lu
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Lizhan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feixiang Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Hu N, Zhou Y, Shi N, Shen B, Luo L, Feng J. Structure-guided affinity maturation of a novel human antibody targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8469. [PMID: 35589780 PMCID: PMC9118815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has presented enormous challenges to global pandemic prevention and control. Recent studies have shown evidence that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins is relatively conserved, and their biological functions are being confirmed. There is increasing evidence that the N protein will not only provide a specific diagnostic marker but also become an effective treatment target. In this study, 2G4, which specifically recognizes the N protein, was identified by screening a human phage display library. Based on the computer-guided homology modelling and molecular docking method used, the 3-D structures for the 2G4 scFv fragment (VH-linker-VL structure, with (G4S)3 as the linker peptide in the model), SARS-CoV-2 N protein and its complex were modelled and optimized with a suitable force field. The binding mode and key residues of the 2G4 and N protein interaction were predicted, and three mutant antibodies (named 2G4-M1, 2G4-M2 and 2G4-M3) with higher affinity were designed theoretically. Using directed point mutant technology, the three mutant antibodies were prepared, and their affinity was tested. Their affinity constants of approximately 0.19 nM (2G4-M1), 0.019 nM (2G4-M2) and 0.075 nM (2G4-M3) were at least one order of magnitude lower than that of the parent antibody (3 nM; 2G4, parent antibody), as determined using a biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. It is expected that high-affinity candidates will be used for diagnosis and even as potential therapeutic drugs for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Naijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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