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Shaw AB, Tse HN, Byford O, Plahe G, Moon-Walker A, Hover SE, Saphire EO, Whelan SPJ, Mankouri J, Fontana J, Barr JN. Cellular endosomal potassium ion flux regulates arenavirus uncoating during virus entry. mBio 2024:e0168423. [PMID: 38874413 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01684-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an enveloped and segmented negative-sense RNA virus classified within the Arenaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order. LCMV is associated with fatal disease in immunocompromised populations and, as the prototypical arenavirus member, acts as a model for the many highly pathogenic members of the Arenaviridae family, such as Junín, Lassa, and Lujo viruses, all of which are associated with devastating hemorrhagic fevers. To enter cells, the LCMV envelope fuses with late endosomal membranes, for which two established requirements are low pH and interaction between the LCMV glycoprotein (GP) spike and secondary receptor CD164. LCMV subsequently uncoats, where the RNA genome-associated nucleoprotein (NP) separates from the Z protein matrix layer, releasing the viral genome into the cytosol. To further examine LCMV endosome escape, we performed an siRNA screen which identified host cell potassium ion (K+) channels as important for LCMV infection, with pharmacological inhibition confirming K+ channel involvement during the LCMV entry phase completely abrogating productive infection. To better understand the K+-mediated block in infection, we tracked incoming virions along their entry pathway under physiological conditions, where uncoating was signified by separation of NP and Z proteins. In contrast, K+ channel blockade prevented uncoating, trapping virions within Rab7 and CD164-positive endosomes, identifying K+ as a third LCMV entry requirement. K+ did not increase GP-CD164 binding or alter GP-CD164-dependent fusion. Thus, we propose that K+ mediates uncoating by modulating NP-Z interactions within the virion interior. These results suggest K+ channels represent a potential anti-arenaviral target.IMPORTANCEArenaviruses can cause fatal human disease for which approved preventative or therapeutic options are not available. Here, using the prototypical LCMV, we identified K+ channels as critical for arenavirus infection, playing a vital role during the entry phase of the infection cycle. We showed that blocking K+ channel function resulted in entrapment of LCMV particles within late endosomal compartments, thus preventing productive replication. Our data suggest K+ is required for LCMV uncoating and genome release by modulating interactions between the viral nucleoprotein and the matrix protein layer inside the virus particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia B Shaw
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu Nam Tse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Byford
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Plahe
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Moon-Walker
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha E Hover
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jamel Mankouri
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Fontana
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John N Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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2
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Partiot E, Gorda B, Lutz W, Lebrun S, Khalfi P, Mora S, Charlot B, Majzoub K, Desagher S, Ganesh G, Colomb S, Gaudin R. Organotypic culture of human brain explants as a preclinical model for AI-driven antiviral studies. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1004-1026. [PMID: 38472366 PMCID: PMC11018746 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral neuroinfections represent a major health burden for which the development of antivirals is needed. Antiviral compounds that target the consequences of a brain infection (symptomatic treatment) rather than the cause (direct-acting antivirals) constitute a promising mitigation strategy that requires to be investigated in relevant models. However, physiological surrogates mimicking an adult human cortex are lacking, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms associated with viro-induced neurological disorders. Here, we optimized the Organotypic culture of Post-mortem Adult human cortical Brain explants (OPAB) as a preclinical platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven antiviral studies. OPAB shows robust viability over weeks, well-preserved 3D cytoarchitecture, viral permissiveness, and spontaneous local field potential (LFP). Using LFP as a surrogate for neurohealth, we developed a machine learning framework to predict with high confidence the infection status of OPAB. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that antiviral-treated OPAB could partially restore LFP-based electrical activity of infected OPAB in a donor-dependent manner. Together, we propose OPAB as a physiologically relevant and versatile model to study neuroinfections and beyond, providing a platform for preclinical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Partiot
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Barbara Gorda
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Willy Lutz
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Solène Lebrun
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Khalfi
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphan Mora
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Charlot
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes IES, CNRS, 860 Rue de St - Priest Bâtiment 5, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Majzoub
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Solange Desagher
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Gowrishankar Ganesh
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- UM-CNRS Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microelectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), 161, Rue Ada, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Colomb
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Equipe de droit pénal et sciences forensiques de Montpellier (EDPFM), Univ. Montpellier, Département de médecine légale, Pôle Urgences, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34285, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), 34293, Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Gu Y, Lozach PY. Illuminating bunyavirus entry into host cells with fluorescence. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:671-678. [PMID: 37700704 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Bunyavirales constitute the largest order of enveloped RNA viruses, many members of which cause severe diseases in humans and domestic animals. In recent decades, innovative fluorescence-based methods have paved the way to visualize and track single fluorescent bunyaviral particles in fixed and live cells. This technological breakthrough has enabled imaging of the early stages of infection and the quantification of every step in the bunyavirus cell entry process. Here, we describe the latest procedures for rendering bunyaviral particles fluorescent and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in light of the most recent advances in fluorescence detection and monitoring of bunyavirus entry. In this mini-review, we also illustrate how fluorescent viral particles are a powerful tool for deciphering the cellular entry process of bunyaviruses, the vast majority of which have not yet been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, Lyon, France
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4
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Uckeley ZM, Duboeuf M, Gu Y, Erny A, Mazelier M, Lüchtenborg C, Winter SL, Schad P, Mathieu C, Koch J, Boulant S, Chlanda P, Maisse C, Brügger B, Lozach PY. Glucosylceramide in bunyavirus particles is essential for virus binding to host cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:71. [PMID: 38300320 PMCID: PMC10834583 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Hexosylceramides (HexCer) are implicated in the infection process of various pathogens. However, the molecular and cellular functions of HexCer in infectious cycles are poorly understood. Investigating the enveloped virus Uukuniemi (UUKV), a bunyavirus of the Phenuiviridae family, we performed a lipidomic analysis with mass spectrometry and determined the lipidome of both infected cells and derived virions. We found that UUKV alters the processing of HexCer to glycosphingolipids (GSL) in infected cells. The infection resulted in the overexpression of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase (UGCG) and the specific accumulation of GlcCer and its subsequent incorporation into viral progeny. UUKV and several pathogenic bunyaviruses relied on GlcCer in the viral envelope for binding to various host cell types. Overall, our results indicate that GlcCer is a structural determinant of virions crucial for bunyavirus infectivity. This study also highlights the importance of glycolipids on virions in facilitating interactions with host cell receptors and infectious entry of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina M Uckeley
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Maëva Duboeuf
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Yu Gu
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Erny
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Magalie Mazelier
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sophie L Winter
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Schaller Research Groups, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Schad
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jana Koch
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department for Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Petr Chlanda
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Schaller Research Groups, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carine Maisse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France.
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5
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Hover S, Charlton FW, Hellert J, Swanson JJ, Mankouri J, Barr JN, Fontana J. Organisation of the orthobunyavirus tripodal spike and the structural changes induced by low pH and K + during entry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5885. [PMID: 37735161 PMCID: PMC10514341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Following endocytosis, enveloped viruses employ the changing environment of maturing endosomes as cues to promote endosomal escape, a process often mediated by viral glycoproteins. We previously showed that both high [K+] and low pH promote entry of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), the prototypical bunyavirus. Here, we use sub-tomogram averaging and AlphaFold, to generate a pseudo-atomic model of the whole BUNV glycoprotein envelope. We unambiguously locate the Gc fusion domain and its chaperone Gn within the floor domain of the spike. Furthermore, viral incubation at low pH and high [K+], reminiscent of endocytic conditions, results in a dramatic rearrangement of the BUNV envelope. Structural and biochemical assays indicate that pH 6.3/K+ in the absence of a target membrane elicits a fusion-capable triggered intermediate state of BUNV GPs; but the same conditions induce fusion when target membranes are present. Taken together, we provide mechanistic understanding of the requirements for bunyavirus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hover
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frank W Charlton
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Hellert
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Virologie (LIV), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica J Swanson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jamel Mankouri
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom.
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - John N Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom.
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Juan Fontana
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom.
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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6
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051465. [PMID: 37242707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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7
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Russell T, Gangotia D, Barry G. Assessing the potential of repurposing ion channel inhibitors to treat emerging viral diseases and the role of this host factor in virus replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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