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Wang H, Zhou L, Zheng Q, Song Y, Huang W, Yang L, Xiong Y, Cai Z, Chen Y, Yuan J. Kai-xin-san improves cognitive impairment in D-gal and Aβ 25-35 induced ad rats by regulating gut microbiota and reducing neuronal damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118161. [PMID: 38599474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic herbal formula for the treatment and prevention of AD (Alzheimer's disease) with definite curative effect, but its mechanism, which involves multiple components, pathways, and targets, is not yet fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the effect of KXS on gut microbiota and explore its anti-AD mechanism related with gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD rat model was established and evaluated by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and bilateral hippocampal CA1 injections of Aβ25-35. The pharmacodynamics of KXS in vivo includes general behavior, Morris water maze test, ELISA, Nissl & HE staining and immunofluorescence. Systematic analysis of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The potential role of gut microbiota in the anti-AD effect of KXS was validated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. RESULTS KXS could significantly improve cognitive impairment, reduce neuronal damage and attenuate neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation in vivo in AD model rats. Nine differential intestinal bacteria associated with AD were screened, in which four bacteria (Lactobacillus murinus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group) were very significant. CONCLUSION KXS can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal microbiota and exert its anti-AD effect by regulating the composition and proportion of gut microbiota in AD rats through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Development Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yongchang Xiong
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhinan Cai
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Huang Q, Liu L, Tan X, Wang S, Wang S, Luo J, Chen J, Yang N, Jiang J, Liu Y, Hong X, Guo S, Shen Y, Gao F, Feng H, Zhang J, Shen Q, Li C, Ji L. Empagliflozin alleviates neuroinflammation by inhibiting astrocyte activation in the brain and regulating gut microbiota of high-fat diet mice. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:229-241. [PMID: 38823591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
A high-fat diet can modify the composition of gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased permeability of the gut barrier, allowing bacterial products like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to enter circulation. This process can initiate systemic inflammation and contribute to neuroinflammation. Empagliflozin (EF), an SGLT2 inhibitor-type hypoglycemic drug, has been reported to treat neuroinflammation. However, there is a lack of evidence showing that EF regulates the gut microbiota axis to control neuroinflammation in HFD models. In this study, we explored whether EF could improve neuroinflammation caused by an HFD via regulation of the gut microbiota and the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Our data revealed that EF alleviates pathological brain injury, reduces the reactive proliferation of astrocytes, and increases the expression of synaptophysin. In addition, the levels of inflammatory factors in hippocampal tissue were significantly decreased after EF intervention. Subsequently, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that EF could change the microbial community structure of mice, indicating that the abundance of Lactococcus, Ligilactobacillus and other microbial populations decreased dramatically. Therefore, EF alleviates neuroinflammation by inhibiting gut microbiota-mediated astrocyte activation in the brains of high-fat diet-fed mice. Our study focused on the gut-brain axis, and broader research on neuroinflammation can provide a more holistic understanding of the mechanisms driving neurodegenerative diseases and inform the development of effective strategies to mitigate their impact on brain health. The results provide strong evidence supporting the larger clinical application of EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoyao Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shitong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shunyuan Guo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 314408, China
| | - Yuejian Shen
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linping 311106, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linping 311106, China
| | - Huina Feng
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linping 311106, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linping 311106, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Liting Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zeng M, Guo P, Liu M, Cao B, Wang R, Hao F, Zheng X, Feng W. Futoquinol improves Aβ 25-35-induced memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK through the glycolysis pathway and regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1799-1814. [PMID: 38330236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Futoquinol (Fut) is a compound extracted from Piper kadsura that has a nerve cell protection effect. However, it is unclear whether Fut has protective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of Fut in AD and its underlying mechanism. UPLC-MS/MS method was performed to quantify Fut in the hippocampus of mice brain. The cognition ability, neuronal and mitochondria damage, and levels of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune cells, and inflammatory factors were measured in Aβ25-35-induced mice. The content of bacterial meta-geometry was predicted in the microbial composition based on 16S rDNA. The protein levels of HK II, p-p38MAPK, and p38MAPK were detected. PC-12 cells were cultured in vitro, and glucose was added to activate glycolysis to further explore the mechanism of action of Fut intervention in AD. Fut improved the memory and learning ability of Aβ25-35 mice, and reduced neuronal damage and the deposition of Aβ and Tau proteins. Moreover, Fut reduced mitochondrial damage, the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors. Fut significantly inhibited the expression of HK II and p-p38MAPK proteins. The in vitro experiment showed that p38MAPK was activated and Fut action inhibited after adding 10 mM glucose. Fut might inhibit the activation of p38MAPK through the glycolysis pathway, thereby reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors and improving Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in mice. These data provide pharmacological rationale for Fut in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengli Guo
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Cao
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengxiao Hao
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Shan C, Guo Y, Gong X, Cui M, Li X, Tang M. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:833-845. [PMID: 37843219 PMCID: PMC10664138 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota's diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaofan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Muraleedharan A, Ray SK. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Genistein for Decreasing Gut Dysbiosis, Inhibiting Inflammasomes, and Aiding Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:96. [PMID: 38275516 PMCID: PMC10813550 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 24 million cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide, and the number of cases is expected to increase four-fold by 2050. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to severe dementia in most patients. There are several neuropathological signs of AD, such as deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal loss, activation of inflammasomes, and declining autophagy. Several of these hallmarks are linked to the gut microbiome. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains microbial diversity, which is important in regulating several functions in the brain via the gut-brain axis (GBA). The disruption of the balance in the gut microbiota is known as gut dysbiosis. Recent studies strongly support that targeting gut dysbiosis with selective bioflavonoids is a highly plausible solution to attenuate activation of inflammasomes (contributing to neuroinflammation) and resume autophagy (a cellular mechanism for lysosomal degradation of the damaged components and recycling of building blocks) to stop AD pathogenesis. This review is focused on two bioflavonoids, specifically epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and genistein (GS), as a possible new paradigm of treatment for maintaining healthy gut microbiota in AD due to their implications in modulating crucial AD signaling pathways. The combination of EGCG and GS has a higher potential than either agent alone to attenuate the signaling pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis. The effects of EGCG and GS on altering gut microbiota and GBA were also explored, along with conclusions from various delivery methods to increase the bioavailability of these bioflavonoids in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahalya Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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6
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Qian X, Hai W, Chen S, Zhang M, Jiang X, Tang H. Multi-omics data reveals aberrant gut microbiota-host glycerophospholipid metabolism in association with neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282790. [PMID: 37992400 PMCID: PMC10730179 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have described the notable impact of gut microbiota on the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) via the gut - brain axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD are limited. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in AD by integrating multi-omics data. In this study, APP/PS1 and WT mice at nine months of age were used as study mouse model. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test. The levels of Aβ plaque and neuroinflammation in the brain were detected using immunofluorescence and PET/CT. In addition, we not only used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics to explore the variation characteristics of gut microbiota and serum metabolism abundance, but also combined spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics to explore the change in the brain and identify their potential correlation. APP/PS1 mice showed significant cognitive impairment and amyloid-β deposits in the brain. The abundance of gut microbiota was significantly changed in APP/PS1 mice, including decreased Desulfoviobrio, Enterococcus, Turicibacter, and Ruminococcus and increased Pseudomonas. The integration of serum untargeted metabolomics and brain spatial metabolomics showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was a common alteration pathway in APP/PS1 mice. Significant proliferation and activation of astrocyte and microglia were observed in APP/PS1 mice, accompanied by alterations in immune pathways. Integration analysis and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) intervention revealed potential association of gut microbiota, host glycerophospholipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation levels in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangxi Hai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyue Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Granziera F, Panetta D, Pardo-Tendero M, Barone M, Turroni S, Faita F, Kusmic C, Brigidi P, Monleon D, Iozzo P. Gut-derived metabolites mediating cognitive development in 5-year-old children: Early-life transplant in mice has lasting effects throughout adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:94-110. [PMID: 37557963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cognitive development. We aimed to identify metabolites mediating its effect on cognitive development, and foods or nutrients related to most promising metabolites. Faeces from 5-year-old children (DORIAN-PISAC cohort, including 90 general population families with infants, 42/48 females/males, born in 2011-2014) were transplanted (FMT) into C57BL/6 germ-free mice. Children and recipient mice were stratified by cognitive phenotype, or based on protective metabolites. Food frequency questionnaires were obtained in children. Cognitive measurements in mice included five Y-maze tests until 23 weeks post-FMT, and (at 23 weeks) PET-CT for brain metabolism and radiodensity, and ultrasound-based carotid vascular indices. Children (faeces, urine) and mice (faeces, plasma) metabolome was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the faecal microbiota was profiled in mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cognitive scores of children and recipient mice were correlated. FMT-dependent modifications of brain metabolism were observed. Mice receiving FMT from high-cognitive or protective metabolite-enriched children developed superior cognitive-behavioural performance. A panel of metabolites, namely xanthine, hypoxanthine, formate, mannose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine, was found to mediate the gut-cognitive axis in donor children and recipient mice. Vascular indices partially explained the metabolite-to-phenotype relationships. Children's consumption of legumes, whole-milk yogurt and eggs, and intake of iron, zinc and vitamin D appeared to support protective gut metabolites. Overall, metabolites involved in inflammation, purine metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis mediate the gut-cognitive axis, and holds promise for screening. The related dietary and nutritional findings offer leads to microbiota-targeted interventions for cognitive protection, with long-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Granziera
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Faita
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Petrisko TJ, Gargus M, Chu SH, Selvan P, Whiteson KL, Tenner AJ. Influence of complement protein C1q or complement receptor C5aR1 on gut microbiota composition in wildtype and Alzheimer's mouse models. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:211. [PMID: 37726739 PMCID: PMC10507976 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the gut microbiome to neuroinflammation, cognition, and Alzheimer's disease progression has been highlighted over the past few years. Additionally, inhibition of various components of the complement system has repeatedly been demonstrated to reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognitive performance in AD mouse models. Whether the deletion of these complement components is associated with distinct microbiome composition, which could impact neuroinflammation and cognitive performance in mouse models has not yet been examined. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of conditional and constitutive knockouts, pharmacological inhibitors, and various housing paradigms for the animal models and wild-type controls at various ages. We aimed to determine the impact of C1q or C5aR1 inhibition on the microbiome in the Arctic and Tg2576 mouse models of AD, which develop amyloid plaques at different ages and locations. Analysis of fecal samples from WT and Arctic mice following global deletion of C1q demonstrated significant alterations to the microbiomes of Arctic but not WT mice, with substantial differences in abundances of Erysipelotrichales, Clostridiales and Alistipes. While no differences in microbiome diversity were detected between cohoused wildtype and Arctic mice with or without the constitutive deletion of the downstream complement receptor, C5aR1, a difference was detected between the C5aR1 sufficient (WT and Arctic) and deficient (C5ar1KO and ArcticC5aR1KO) mice, when the mice were housed segregated by C5aR1 genotype. However, cohousing of C5aR1 sufficient and deficient wildtype and Arctic mice resulted in a convergence of the microbiomes and equalized abundances of each identified order and genus across all genotypes. Similarly, pharmacologic treatment with the C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, beginning at the onset of beta-amyloid plaque deposition in the Arctic and Tg2576 mice, demonstrated no impact of C5aR1 inhibition on the microbiome. This study demonstrates the importance of C1q in microbiota homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. In addition, while demonstrating that constitutive deletion of C5aR1 can significantly alter the composition of the fecal microbiome, these differences are not present when C5aR1-deficient mice are cohoused with C5aR1-sufficient animals with or without the AD phenotype and suggests limited if any contribution of the microbiome to the previously observed prevention of cognitive and neuronal loss in the C5aR1-deficient AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Petrisko
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Matthew Gargus
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Purnika Selvan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3900, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Huang W, Lin Z, Sun A, Deng J, Manyande A, Xiang H, Zhao GF, Hong Q. The role of gut microbiota in diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats with cognitive dysfunction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156591. [PMID: 37266023 PMCID: PMC10231493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to advancements in non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging, many studies have repeatedly showed that diabetes affects the central nervous system in the presence of peripheral neuropathy, suggesting a common or interacting pathological mechanism for both complications. Methods We aimed to investigate the role of abnormal gut microbiota in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) combined with cognitive dysfunction. Glucose-compliant rats with nerve conduction deficits were screened as a successful group of DPN rats. The DPN group was then divided into rats with combined cognitive impairment (CD) and rats with normal cognitive function (NCD) based on the results of the Novel object recognition test. Rat feces were then collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal flora. Results and Discussion The results revealed that abnormalities in Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidia, and Actinobacteria-like microorganisms may induce DPN complicated by cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - JieMin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao Feng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Borsom EM, Conn K, Keefe CR, Herman C, Orsini GM, Hirsch AH, Palma Avila M, Testo G, Jaramillo SA, Bolyen E, Lee K, Caporaso JG, Cope EK. Predicting Neurodegenerative Disease Using Prepathology Gut Microbiota Composition: a Longitudinal Study in Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0345822. [PMID: 36877047 PMCID: PMC10101110 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03458-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis is suspected to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. To evaluate the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in AD, we characterized the gut microbiota of female 3xTg-AD mice modeling amyloidosis and tauopathy and wild-type (WT) genetic controls. Fecal samples were collected fortnightly from 4 to 52 weeks, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. RNA was extracted from the colon and hippocampus, converted to cDNA, and used to measure immune gene expression using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Diversity metrics were calculated using QIIME2, and a random forest classifier was applied to predict bacterial features that are important in predicting mouse genotype. Gene expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; indicating astrocytosis) was elevated in the colon at 24 weeks. Markers of Th1 inflammation (il6) and microgliosis (mrc1) were elevated in the hippocampus. Gut microbiota were compositionally distinct early in life between 3xTg-AD mice and WT mice (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], 8 weeks, P = 0.001, 24 weeks, P = 0.039, and 52 weeks, P = 0.058). Mouse genotypes were correctly predicted 90 to 100% of the time using fecal microbiome composition. Finally, we show that the relative abundance of Bacteroides species increased over time in 3xTg-AD mice. Taken together, we demonstrate that changes in bacterial gut microbiota composition at prepathology time points are predictive of the development of AD pathologies. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have demonstrated alterations in the gut microbiota composition in mice modeling Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies; however, these studies have only included up to 4 time points. Our study is the first of its kind to characterize the gut microbiota of a transgenic AD mouse model, fortnightly, from 4 weeks of age to 52 weeks of age, to quantify the temporal dynamics in the microbial composition that correlate with the development of disease pathologies and host immune gene expression. In this study, we observed temporal changes in the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa, including the genus Bacteroides, that may play a central role in disease progression and the severity of pathologies. The ability to use features of the microbiota to discriminate between mice modeling AD and wild-type mice at prepathology time points indicates a potential role of the gut microbiota as a risk or protective factor in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Borsom
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathryn Conn
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher R. Keefe
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Chloe Herman
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Orsini
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Allyson H. Hirsch
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Melanie Palma Avila
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - George Testo
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Sierra A. Jaramillo
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Evan Bolyen
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Keehoon Lee
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily K. Cope
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Yin C, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Kindt A, de Lange ECM. Status of Metabolomic Measurement for Insights in Alzheimer's Disease Progression-What Is Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054960. [PMID: 36902391 PMCID: PMC10003384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, leading to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As there is still no cure for AD, the growth in the number of susceptible individuals represents a major emerging threat to public health. Currently, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD remain poorly understood, while no efficient treatments are available to slow down the degenerative effects of AD. Metabolomics allows the study of biochemical alterations in pathological processes which may be involved in AD progression and to discover new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the results from studies on metabolomics analysis performed in biological samples of AD subjects and AD animal models. Then this information was analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst to find the disturbed pathways among different sample types in human and animal models at different disease stages. We discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved, and the extent to which they could impact the specific hallmarks of AD. Then we identify gaps and challenges and provide recommendations for future metabolomics approaches to better understand AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Yin
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C. M. de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Fermented Wheat Germ Alleviates Depression-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic and Unpredictable Mild Stress. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050920. [PMID: 36900437 PMCID: PMC10000856 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a chronic mental illness with devastating effects on a person's physical and mental health. Studies have reported that food fermentation with probiotics can enrich the nutritional values of food and produce functional microorganisms that can alleviate depression and anxiety. Wheat germ is an inexpensive raw material that is rich in bioactive ingredients. For example, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is reported to have antidepressant effects. Several studies concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum is a GABA-producing bacteria and can alleviate depression. Herein, fermented wheat germs (FWGs) were used to treat stress-induced depression. FWG was prepared by fermenting wheat germs with Lactobacillus plantarum. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was established in rats, and these rats were treated with FWG for four weeks to evaluate the effects of FWG in relieving depression. In addition, the study also analyzed the potential anti-depressive mechanism of FWG based on behavioral changes, physiological and biochemical index changes, and intestinal flora changes in depressed rats. The results demonstrated that FWG improved depression-like behaviors and increased neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus of CUMS model rats. In addition, FWG effectively altered the gut microbiota structure and remodeled the gut microbiota in CUMS rats, restored neurotransmitter levels in depressed rats through the brain-gut axis, and restored amino acid metabolic functions. In conclusion, we suggest that FWG has antidepressant effects, and its potential mechanism may act by restoring the disordered brain-gut axis.
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