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Tang C, Yang C, Wang P, Li L, Lin Y, Yi Q, Tang F, Liu L, Zhou W, Liu D, Zhang L, Yuan X. Identification and Validation of Glomeruli Cellular Senescence-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy by Multiomics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300453. [PMID: 37957539 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cellular premature senescence of the glomerulus, including endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN), and DN is regarded as a clinical model of premature senescence. However, the role of cellular senescence-associated genes in the glomerulus in DN progression remains unclear. Therefore, this work aims to identify and validate potential cellular aging-related genes in the glomerulus in DN to provide novel clues for DN treatment based on anti-aging. The microarray GSE96804 dataset, including 41 diabetic glomeruli and 20 control glomeruli, is retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) are obtained from the GeneCards database and literature reports. Subsequently, PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment are analyzed by screening the intersection between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and CSRGs. scRNA-seq dataset GSE127235 is used to verify core genes expression in glomerulocytes of mice. Finally, db/db mice are utilized to validate the hub gene expression in the glomeruli, and high glucose-induced mesangial cells are used to confirm key gene expression. This study reveals that FOS and ZFP36 may play an anti-aging role in DN to ameliorate cell intracellular premature aging in mesangial cells of glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qiusha Yi
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fengru Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Postgraduate Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
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Duan WY, Peng K, Qin HM, Li BM, Xu YX, Wang DJ, Yu L, Wang H, Hu J, Wang QX. Esketamine accelerates emergence from isoflurane general anaesthesia by activating the paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic neurones in mice. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:334-342. [PMID: 38044237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed emergence from general anaesthesia poses a significant perioperative safety hazard. Subanaesthetic doses of ketamine not only deepen anaesthesia but also accelerate recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Esketamine exhibits a more potent receptor affinity and fewer adverse effects than ketamine and exhibits shorter recovery times after brief periods of anaesthesia. As the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) plays a pivotal role in regulating wakefulness, we studied its role in the emergence process during combined esketamine and isoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS The righting reflex and cortical electroencephalography were used as measures of consciousness in mice during isoflurane anaesthesia with coadministration of esketamine. The expression of c-Fos was used to determine neuronal activity changes in PVT neurones after esketamine administration. The effect of esketamine combined with isoflurane anaesthesia on PVT glutamatergic (PVTGlu) neuronal activity was monitored by fibre photometry, and chemogenetic technology was used to manipulate PVTGlu neuronal activity. RESULTS A low dose of esketamine (5 mg kg-1) accelerated emergence from isoflurane general anaesthesia (474 [30] s vs 544 [39] s, P=0.001). Esketamine (5 mg kg-1) increased PVT c-Fos expression (508 [198] vs 258 [87], P=0.009) and enhanced the population activity of PVTGlu neurones (0.03 [1.7]% vs 6.9 [3.4]%, P=0.002) during isoflurane anaesthesia (1.9 [5.7]% vs -5.1 [5.3]%, P=0.016) and emergence (6.1 [6.2]% vs -1.1 [5.0]%, P=0.022). Chemogenetic suppression of PVTGlu neurones abolished the arousal-promoting effects of esketamine (459 [33] s vs 596 [33] s, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that esketamine promotes recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia by activating PVTGlu neurones. This mechanism could explain the rapid arousability exhibited upon treatment with a low dose of esketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Xin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing-Xiu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Song D, Lian Y, Zhang L. The potential of activator protein 1 (AP-1) in cancer targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224892. [PMID: 37483616 PMCID: PMC10361657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that consists of a diverse group of members including Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF. AP-1 involves a number of processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in cells. Dysfunctional AP-1 activity is associated with cancer initiation, development, invasion, migration and drug resistance. Therefore, AP-1 is a potential target for cancer targeted therapy. Currently, some small molecule inhibitors targeting AP-1 have been developed and tested, showing some anticancer effects. However, AP-1 is complex and diverse in its structure and function, and different dimers may play different roles in different type of cancers. Therefore, more research is needed to reveal the specific mechanisms of AP-1 in cancer, and how to select appropriate inhibitors and treatment strategies. Ultimately, this review summarizes the potential of combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lian
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Xia Q, Mao M, Zhan G, Luo Z, Zhao Y, Li X. SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of c-Jun facilitates microglia-induced neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. iScience 2023; 26:106953. [PMID: 37332598 PMCID: PMC10272502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences have implicated that SENP3 is a deSUMOylase which possesses neuronal damage effects in cerebral ischemia. However, its role in microglia remains poorly understood. Here, we found that SENP3 was upregulated in the peri-infarct areas of mice following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, knockdown of SENP3 significantly inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in microglial cells. Mechanistically, SENP3 can bind and then mediated the deSUMOylation of c-Jun, which activated its transcriptional activity, ultimately followed by the activation of MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway. In addition, microglia-specific SENP3 knockdown alleviated ischemia-induced neuronal damage, and markedly diminished infract volume, ameliorated sensorimotor and cognitive function in animals subjected to ischemic stroke. These results indicated SENP3 functions as a novel regulator of microglia-induced neuroinflammation by activating the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway via mediating the deSUMOylation of c-Jun. Interventions of SENP3 expression or its interaction with c-Jun would be a new and promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenzhao Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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5
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Shang X, Liu K, Wang Z, Sun Y, Cao N, Huang W, Zhu Y, Wang W. Screening and analysis of key genes in the biological behavior of bone mesenchymal stem cells seeded on gradient nanostructured titanium compared with native pure Ti. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1086-1101. [PMID: 36063429 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloy materials are ideal brackets that restore bone defect, and the mechanism of related genes inducing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation is currently a hot research topic. In order to screen key genes of BMSCs during the osteogenic expression process, we acquired data sets (GSE37237 and GSE84500) which were in the database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Investigations on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their enrichment of functions were conducted. We constructed relative protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized the expression of DEGs with Cytoscape. A total of 279 DEGs were discerned, which could be divided into 177 down regulated genes and 102 up regulated genes. In addition, the DEGs' enrichment and pathways included regulation of actin cytoskeleton, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) pathway, cell cycle, Rheumatoid arthritis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway ect. It showed that 10 notable up regulated genes were mainly in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Then we used a technology named surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to prepare gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface Ti and seeded well-growing BMSCs on the surface of SMAT Ti and native pure Ti. Cell Counting Kits-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis experiment, immunofluorescence technology and staining experiments for alka-line phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to research the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation ability of BMSCs seeded on SMAT Ti compared with native pure Ti. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology so as to verify the expression of the most significant 5 genes. In summary, these results indicated novel point of views into candidate genes and potential mechanism for the further study of BMSCs' behaviors seeded on SMAT Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Keda Liu
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- 71123Metallic Nano-Materials Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yantao Sun
- 71123Metallic Nano-Materials Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nanjue Cao
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuhe Zhu
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
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Kumar A, Aglyamova G, Yim Y, Bailey AO, Lynch H, Powell R, Nguyen N, Rosenthal Z, Zhao WN, Li Y, Chen J, Fan S, Lee H, Russell W, Stephan C, Robison A, Haggarty S, Nestler E, Zhou J, Machius M, Rudenko G. Chemically targeting the redox switch in AP1 transcription factor ΔFOSB. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9548-9567. [PMID: 36039764 PMCID: PMC9458432 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP1 transcription factor ΔFOSB, a splice variant of FOSB, accumulates in the brain in response to chronic insults such as exposure to drugs of abuse, depression, Alzheimer's disease and tardive dyskinesias, and mediates subsequent long-term neuroadaptations. ΔFOSB forms heterodimers with other AP1 transcription factors, e.g. JUND, that bind DNA under control of a putative cysteine-based redox switch. Here, we reveal the structural basis of the redox switch by determining a key missing crystal structure in a trio, the ΔFOSB/JUND bZIP domains in the reduced, DNA-free form. Screening a cysteine-focused library containing 3200 thiol-reactive compounds, we identify specific compounds that target the redox switch, validate their activity biochemically and in cell-based assays, and show that they are well tolerated in different cell lines despite their general potential to bind to cysteines covalently. A crystal structure of the ΔFOSB/JUND bZIP domains in complex with a redox-switch-targeting compound reveals a deep compound-binding pocket near the DNA-binding site. We demonstrate that ΔFOSB, and potentially other, related AP1 transcription factors, can be targeted specifically and discriminately by exploiting unique structural features such as the redox switch and the binding partner to modulate biological function despite these proteins previously being thought to be undruggable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun Young Yim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aaron O Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haley M Lynch
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- HTS Screening Core, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nghi D Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary Rosenthal
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shanghua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hubert Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mischa Machius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 409 772 6292; Fax: +1 409 772 9642;
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7
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Kumar P, Soory A, Mustfa SA, Sarmah DT, Devvanshi H, Chatterjee S, Bossis G, Ratnaparkhi GS, Srikanth CV. Bidirectional regulation between AP-1 and SUMO genes modulates inflammatory signalling during Salmonella infection. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276158. [PMID: 35904007 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as SUMOylation, are known to modulate fundamental processes of a cell. Infectious agents such as Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) that causes gastroenteritis, utilizes PTM mechanism SUMOylation to highjack host cell. STm suppresses host SUMO-pathway genes Ubc9 and PIAS1 to perturb SUMOylation for an efficient infection. In the present study, the regulation of SUMO-pathway genes during STm infection was investigated. A direct binding of c-Fos, a component of AP-1 (Activator Protein-1), to promoters of both UBC9 and PIAS1 was observed. Experimental perturbation of c-Fos led to changes in expression of both Ubc9 and PIAS1. STm infection of fibroblasts with SUMOylation deficient c-Fos (c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS) resulted in uncontrolled activation of target genes, resulting in massive immune activation. Infection of c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS cells favored STm replication, indicating misdirected immune mechanisms. Finally, chromatin Immuno-precipitation assays confirmed a context dependent differential binding and release of AP-1 to/from target genes due to its Phosphorylation and SUMOylation respectively. Overall, our data point towards existence of a bidirectional cross-talk between c-Fos and the SUMO pathway and highlighting its importance in AP-1 function relevant to STm infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharvendra Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India.,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | | | | | - Dipanka Tanu Sarmah
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Himadri Devvanshi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - C V Srikanth
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
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The Pharmacological Mechanism of Xiyanping Injection for the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Based on Network Pharmacology Strategy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9152201. [PMID: 35818408 PMCID: PMC9271007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9152201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The possible mechanism of Xiyanping injection treatment COVID-19 is discussed through the network pharmacology. Methods Obtaining the chemical structure of Xiyanping injection through the patent application and obtaining control compounds I, II, III, IV, V, Yanhuning injection (VI, VII), Chuanhuning injection (VIII, IX), 10 compounds were analyzed by D3Targets-2019-nCoV. The human anti-COVID-19 gene in COVID-19 DisGeNET was intersected with the CTD Andrographolide target gene and then combined with D3Targets-2019-nCoV, resulting in 93 genes, using the Venny 2.1 platform. The PPI network was constructed by the String platform and Cytoscape 3.8.2 platform. The GO, KEGG, and tissue of the target were analyzed using the Metascape platform and DAVID platform. The gene expression in the respiratory system was analyzed using the ePlant platform. The CB-Dock is used for the docking verification and degree values of the first 20 genes. Results Finally, 1599 GO and 291 KEGG results were obtained. GO is mostly associated with the cell stress response to chemicals, the cell response to oxidative stress, and the cell response to reactive oxygen species. In total, 218 KEGG pathway concentrations were related to infection and other diseases and 73 signaling pathways mostly related to inflammation and immune pathways, such as TNF signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The molecular docking results show that Xiyanping injection, compound III, has a good docking relationship with 20 target proteins such as HSP90AA1. Tissue has 22 genes that are pooled in the lungs. Conclusion Xiyanping injection may inhibit the release of various inflammatory factors by inhibiting intracellular pathways such as MAPK and TNF. It acts on protein targets such as HSP90AA1 and plays a potential therapeutic role in COVID-19. Thus, compound III may be treated as a potential new drug for the treatment of COVID-19 and the Xiyanping injection may treat patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Nie Z, Zhu H, Du J, Cao L, Shao N, Sun Y, Su S, Xu G, Xu P. Microcystin-LR induces apoptosis in Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis via the mitochondrial pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113528. [PMID: 35500400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the toxic substance of cyanobacteria secondary metabolism, widely exists in water environments and poses great risks to living organisms. Some toxicological assessments of MC-LR have performed at physiological and biochemical levels. However, plenty of blanks about the potential mechanism in aquatic crustacean remains. In this study, we firstly assessed the exposure toxicity of MC-LR to juvenile E. sinensis and clarified that the 96 h LD50 of MC-LR was 73.23 μg/kg. Then, hepatopancreas transcriptome profiles of MC-LR stressed crabs were constructed at 6 h post-injection and 37 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. These DEGs were enriched in cytoskeleton, peroxisome and apoptosis pathways. To further reveal the toxicity of MC-LR, oxidative stress parameters (SOD, CAT, GSH-px and MDA), apoptosis genes (caspase 3, bcl-2 and bax) and apoptotic cells were detected. Significant accumulated MDA and rise-fall enzyme activities verified the oxidative stress caused by MC-LR. It is noteworthy that quantitative real-time PCR and TUNEL assay indicated that MC-LR stress-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Interestingly, activator protein-1 may play a crucial role in mediating the hepatotoxicity of MC-LR by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress. Taken together, our study investigated the toxic effects and the potential molecular mechanisms of MC-LR on juvenile E. sinensis. It provided useful data for exploring the toxicity of MC-LR to aquatic crustaceans at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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10
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Soory A, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMOylation of Jun fine-tunes the Drosophila gut immune response. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010356. [PMID: 35255103 PMCID: PMC8929699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier, SUMO can modulate the activity of its conjugated proteins in a plethora of cellular contexts. The effect of SUMO conjugation of proteins during an immune response is poorly understood in Drosophila. We have previously identified that the transcription factor Jra, the Drosophila Jun ortholog and a member of the AP-1 complex is one such SUMO target. Here, we find that Jra is a regulator of the Pseudomonas entomophila induced gut immune gene regulatory network, modulating the expression of a few thousand genes, as measured by quantitative RNA sequencing. Decrease in Jra in gut enterocytes is protective, suggesting that reduction of Jra signaling favors the host over the pathogen. In Jra, lysines 29 and 190 are SUMO conjugation targets, with the JraK29R+K190R double mutant being SUMO conjugation resistant (SCR). Interestingly, a JraSCR fly line, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing, is more sensitive to infection, with adults showing a weakened host response and increased proliferation of Pseudomonas. Transcriptome analysis of the guts of JraSCR and JraWT flies suggests that lack of SUMOylation of Jra significantly changes core elements of the immune gene regulatory network, which include antimicrobial agents, secreted ligands, feedback regulators, and transcription factors. Mechanistically, SUMOylation attenuates Jra activity, with the TFs, forkhead, anterior open, activating transcription factor 3 and the master immune regulator Relish being important transcriptional targets. Our study implicates Jra as a major immune regulator, with dynamic SUMO conjugation/deconjugation of Jra modulating the kinetics of the gut immune response. The intestine has a resident population of commensal microorganisms against which the immune machinery is tuned to show low or no reactivity. In contrast, when pathogenic microorganisms are ingested, the gut responds by activating signaling cascades that lead to the killing and clearance of the pathogen. In this study, we examine the role played by the well-known transcription factor Jun in regulating the immune response in the Drosophila gut. We find that loss of Jun leads to the change in intensity and kinetics of the gut immune transcriptome. The transcriptional profile indicates a stronger response when Jun activity is reduced. Also, animals infected with Pseudomonas entomophila live longer when Jun signaling is reduced. Further, we find that Jun is post-translationally modified on Lys29 and Lys190 by SUMO. To understand the effect of SUMO-conjugation of Jun, we create by state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing a Drosophila line where Jun is resistant to SUMOylation. This line is more sensitive to infection, with a weaker host-defense response. Our data suggest that Jun Signaling favors the pathogen by dampening the immune response. SUMO conjugation of Jun reverses the dampening and strengthens the immune response in favor of the host. Dynamic SUMOylation of Jun thus fine-tunes the gut immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendranath Soory
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune, india
- * E-mail: (AS); (GR)
| | - Girish S. Ratnaparkhi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune, india
- * E-mail: (AS); (GR)
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11
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Li J, Lim RG, Kaye JA, Dardov V, Coyne AN, Wu J, Milani P, Cheng A, Thompson TG, Ornelas L, Frank A, Adam M, Banuelos MG, Casale M, Cox V, Escalante-Chong R, Daigle JG, Gomez E, Hayes L, Holewenski R, Lei S, Lenail A, Lima L, Mandefro B, Matlock A, Panther L, Patel-Murray NL, Pham J, Ramamoorthy D, Sachs K, Shelley B, Stocksdale J, Trost H, Wilhelm M, Venkatraman V, Wassie BT, Wyman S, Yang S, Van Eyk JE, Lloyd TE, Finkbeiner S, Fraenkel E, Rothstein JD, Sareen D, Svendsen CN, Thompson LM. An integrated multi-omic analysis of iPSC-derived motor neurons from C9ORF72 ALS patients. iScience 2021; 24:103221. [PMID: 34746695 PMCID: PMC8554488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are challenging for systems biology because of the lack of reliable animal models or patient samples at early disease stages. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could address these challenges. We investigated DNA, RNA, epigenetics, and proteins in iPSC-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS carrying hexanucleotide expansions in C9ORF72. Using integrative computational methods combining all omics datasets, we identified novel and known dysregulated pathways. We used a C9ORF72 Drosophila model to distinguish pathways contributing to disease phenotypes from compensatory ones and confirmed alterations in some pathways in postmortem spinal cord tissue of patients with ALS. A different differentiation protocol was used to derive a separate set of C9ORF72 and control motor neurons. Many individual -omics differed by protocol, but some core dysregulated pathways were consistent. This strategy of analyzing patient-specific neurons provides disease-related outcomes with small numbers of heterogeneous lines and reduces variation from single-omics to elucidate network-based signatures. Multi-omic analysis of differentiated C9ORF72 iPSC-derived motor neurons Network-based integrative computational analysis Pathogenic versus compensatory pathways elucidated using C9ORF72 Drosophila model Pathways confirmed with alternative differentiation protocol and postmortem data
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ryan G Lim
- UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Julia A Kaye
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and the Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Victoria Dardov
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Barbra Streisand Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa N Coyne
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pamela Milani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Cheng
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | | | - Loren Ornelas
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aaron Frank
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miriam Adam
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria G Banuelos
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Malcolm Casale
- UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Veerle Cox
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Renan Escalante-Chong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Gavin Daigle
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Emilda Gomez
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lindsey Hayes
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Ronald Holewenski
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Barbra Streisand Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Lei
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Alex Lenail
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leandro Lima
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and the Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Berhan Mandefro
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrea Matlock
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Barbra Streisand Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Panther
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Pham
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Divya Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen Sachs
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brandon Shelley
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jennifer Stocksdale
- UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hannah Trost
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mark Wilhelm
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Barbra Streisand Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brook T Wassie
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stacia Wyman
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie Yang
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Barbra Streisand Heart Center, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and the Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 212056, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Gross C, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Benhassine M, Germain L, Guérin SL. Contribution of the Transcription Factors Sp1/Sp3 and AP-1 to Clusterin Gene Expression during Corneal Wound Healing of Tissue-Engineered Human Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12426. [PMID: 34830308 PMCID: PMC8621254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the need for donor corneas, understanding of corneal wound healing and development of an entirely tissue-engineered human cornea (hTECs) is of prime importance. In this study, we exploited the hTEC to determine how deep wound healing affects the transcriptional pattern of corneal epithelial cells through microarray analyses. We demonstrated that the gene encoding clusterin (CLU) has its expression dramatically repressed during closure of hTEC wounds. Western blot analyses confirmed a strong reduction in the expression of the clusterin isoforms after corneal damage and suggest that repression of CLU gene expression might be a prerequisite to hTEC wound closure. Transfection with segments from the human CLU gene promoter revealed the presence of three regulatory regions: a basal promoter and two more distal negative regulatory regions. The basal promoter bears DNA binding sites for very potent transcription factors (TFs): Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) and Specificity protein-1 and 3 (Sp1/Sp3). By exploiting electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we demonstrated that AP-1 and Sp1/Sp3 have their DNA binding site overlapping with one another in the basal promoter of the CLU gene in hCECs. Interestingly, expression of both these TFs is reduced (at the protein level) during hTEC wound healing, thereby contributing to the extinction of CLU gene expression during that process. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the repression of CLU gene expression during corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Manel Benhassine
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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13
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Fan Y, Tang Z, Sun J, Zhao X, Li Z, Zheng Y, Zeng X, Feng J. MicroRNA-29a promotes the proliferation of human nasal epithelial cells and inhibits their apoptosis and promotes the development of allergic rhinitis by down-regulating FOS expression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255480. [PMID: 34383804 PMCID: PMC8360612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the regulation of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) on FOS in human nasal epithelial cells and its molecular mechanism, as well as the effects of miR-29a on the cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS By cell transfection, gene silencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry and TUNEL assay (for cell apoptosis), CCK-8 assay (for cell proliferation), dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western Blot, it was validated that miR-29a promoted the proliferation of human nasal epithelial cells and inhibited their apoptosis by down-regulating FOS expression in RPMI2650 and HNEpC cell lines. RESULTS ①Compared with healthy controls, miR-29a expression was up-regulated and FOS mRNA expression was down-regulated in the nasal tissues from the patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). ②MiR-29a over-expression promoted the proliferation of RPMI2650 cells and HNEpC cells but inhibited their apoptosis. ③MiR-29a targeted at FOS. ④MiR-29a over-expression and FOS silencing both significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. After transfection with both miR-29a and FOS, there was a decrease in the proliferation but an increase in the apoptosis of cells.⑤MiR-29a promoted the proliferation of human nasal epithelial cells and inhibited their apoptosis by down-regulating FOS expression. CONCLUSION MiR-29a-/FOS axis can be regarded as a potential marker and a new therapy for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T., Institute of E.N.T., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T., Institute of E.N.T., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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14
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Wrestling and Wrapping: A Perspective on SUMO Proteins in Schwann Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071055. [PMID: 34356679 PMCID: PMC8301837 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve myelination are finely orchestrated multistep processes; some of the underlying mechanisms are well described and others remain unknown. Many posttranslational modifications (PTMs) like phosphorylation and ubiquitination have been reported to play a role during the normal development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and in demyelinating neuropathies. However, a relatively novel PTM, SUMOylation, has not been studied in these contexts. SUMOylation involves the covalent attachment of one or more small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a substrate, which affects the function, cellular localization, and further PTMs of the conjugated protein. SUMOylation also regulates other proteins indirectly by facilitating non-covalent protein–protein interaction via SUMO interaction motifs (SIM). This pathway has important consequences on diverse cellular processes, and dysregulation of this pathway has been reported in several diseases including neurological and degenerative conditions. In this article, we revise the scarce literature on SUMOylation in Schwann cells and the PNS, we propose putative substrate proteins, and we speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the possible involvement of this PTM in peripheral myelination and neuropathies.
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15
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Gao S, Zhao X, Hou L, Ma R, Zhou J, Zhu MX, Pan SJ, Li Y. The interplay between SUMOylation and phosphorylation of PKCδ facilitates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6447-6464. [PMID: 34089566 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although the increase in the number of identified posttranslational modifications (PTMs) has substantially improved our knowledge about substrate site specificity of single PTMs, the fact that different types of PTMs can crosstalk and act in concert to exert important regulatory mechanisms for protein function has not gained much attention. Here, we show that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is SUMOylated at lysine 473 in its C-terminal catalytic domain, and the SUMOylation increases PKCδ stability by repressing its ubiquitination. In addition, we uncover a functional interplay between the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PKCδ, which can strengthen each other through recruiting SUMO E2/E3 ligases and the PKCδ kinase, respectively, to the PKCδ complexes. We identified PIAS2β as the SUMO E3 ligase of PKCδ. More importantly, by enhancing PKCδ protein stability and its phosphorylation through an interdependent interplay of the PTMs, the SUMOylation of PKCδ promotes apoptotic cell death induced by H2 O2 . We conclude that SUMOylation represents an important regulatory mechanism of PKCδ PTMs for the kinase's function in oxidative cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiangteng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ruining Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Si-Jian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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16
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Karhausen J, Ulloa L, Yang W. SUMOylation Connects Cell Stress Responses and Inflammatory Control: Lessons From the Gut as a Model Organ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646633. [PMID: 33679811 PMCID: PMC7933481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) constitutes a key post-translational modification regulating the stability, activity, and subcellular localization of its target proteins. However, the vast numbers of identified SUMO substrates obscure a clear view on the function of SUMOylation in health and disease. This article presents a comprehensive review on the physiological relevance of SUMOylation by discussing how global SUMOylation levels—rather than specific protein SUMOylation—shapes the immune response. In particular, we highlight the growing body of work on SUMOylation in intestinal pathologies, because of the unique metabolic, infectious, and inflammatory challenges of this organ. Recent studies show that global SUMOylation can help restrain detrimental inflammation while maintaining immune defenses and tissue integrity. These results warrant further efforts to develop new therapeutic tools and strategies to control SUMOylation in infectious and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Karhausen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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17
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Boulanger M, Chakraborty M, Tempé D, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040828. [PMID: 33562565 PMCID: PMC7915335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One major role of the eukaryotic peptidic post-translational modifier SUMO in the cell is transcriptional control. This occurs via modification of virtually all classes of transcriptional actors, which include transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, diverse chromatin components, as well as Pol I-, Pol II- and Pol III transcriptional machineries and their regulators. For many years, the role of SUMOylation has essentially been studied on individual proteins, or small groups of proteins, principally dealing with Pol II-mediated transcription. This provided only a fragmentary view of how SUMOylation controls transcription. The recent advent of large-scale proteomic, modifomic and genomic studies has however considerably refined our perception of the part played by SUMO in gene expression control. We review here these developments and the new concepts they are at the origin of, together with the limitations of our knowledge. How they illuminate the SUMO-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that have been characterized thus far and how they impact our view of SUMO-dependent chromatin organization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Boulanger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mehuli Chakraborty
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Denis Tempé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
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Identification of New, Functionally Relevant Mutations in the Coding Regions of the Human Fos and Jun Proto-Oncogenes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010005. [PMID: 33374881 PMCID: PMC7823737 DOI: 10.3390/life11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression of many pro-destructive/pro-inflammatory proteins depends on the transcription factor AP-1. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the presence and functional relevance of mutations in the coding regions of the AP-1 subunits of the fos and jun family in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and osteoarthritis patients (OA, disease control), as well as normal controls (NC). Using the non-isotopic RNAse cleavage assay, one known polymorphism (T252C: silent; rs1046117; present in RA, OA, and NC) and three novel germline mutations of the cfos gene were detected: (i) C361G/A367G: Gln121Glu/Ile123Val, denoted as “fos121/123”; present only in one OA sample; (ii) G374A: Arg125Lys, “fos125”; and (iii) C217A/G374A: Leu73Met/Arg125Lys, “fos73/125”, the latter two exclusively present in RA. In addition, three novel somatic cjun mutations (604–606ΔCAG: ΔGln202, “jun202”; C706T: Pro236Ser, “jun236”; G750A: silent) were found exclusively in the RA SM. Tansgenic expression of fos125 and fos73/125 mutants in NIH-3T3 cells induced an activation of reporter constructs containing either the MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase) promoter (3- and 4-fold, respectively) or a pentameric AP-1 site (approximately 5-fold). Combined expression of these two cfos mutants with cjun wildtype or mutants (jun202, jun236) further enhanced reporter expression of the pentameric AP-1 construct. Finally, genotyping for the novel functionally relevant germline mutations in 298 RA, 288 OA, and 484 NC samples revealed no association with RA. Thus, functional cfos/cjun mutants may contribute to local joint inflammation/destruction in selected patients with RA by altering the transactivation capacity of AP-1 complexes.
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Papavassiliou AG, Musti AM. The Multifaceted Output of c-Jun Biological Activity: Focus at the Junction of CD8 T Cell Activation and Exhaustion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112470. [PMID: 33202877 PMCID: PMC7697663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a major component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), a paradigm for transcriptional response to extracellular signaling, whose components are basic-Leucine Zipper (bZIP) transcription factors of the Jun, Fos, activating transcription factor (ATF), ATF-like (BATF) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) gene families. Extracellular signals regulate c-Jun/AP-1 activity at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of c-Jun expression and transactivity, in turn, establishing the magnitude and the duration of c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Another important level of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation is due to the capability of Jun family members to bind DNA as a heterodimer with every other member of the AP-1 family, and to interact with other classes of transcription factors, thereby acquiring the potential to integrate diverse extrinsic and intrinsic signals into combinatorial regulation of gene expression. Here, we review how these features of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation underlie the multifaceted output of c-Jun biological activity, eliciting quite distinct cellular responses, such as neoplastic transformation, differentiation and apoptosis, in different cell types. In particular, we focus on the current understanding of the role of c-Jun/AP-1 in the response of CD8 T cells to acute infection and cancer. We highlight the transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through which c-Jun/AP-1 participates in the productive immune response of CD8 T cells, and how its downregulation may contribute to the dysfunctional state of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells. Additionally, we discuss recent insights pointing at c-Jun as a suitable target for immunotherapy-based combination approaches to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anna Maria Musti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3337543732
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20
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Stolz ML, McCormick C. The bZIP Proteins of Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070757. [PMID: 32674309 PMCID: PMC7412551 DOI: 10.3390/v12070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) govern diverse cellular processes and cell fate decisions. The hallmark of the leucine zipper domain is the heptad repeat, with leucine residues at every seventh position in the domain. These leucine residues enable homo- and heterodimerization between ZIP domain α-helices, generating coiled-coil structures that stabilize interactions between adjacent DNA-binding domains and target DNA substrates. Several cancer-causing viruses encode viral bZIP TFs, including human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the herpesviruses Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these viral bZIP TFs and their impact on viral replication, host cell responses and cell fate.
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21
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Ryu HY, Ahn SH, Hochstrasser M. SUMO and cellular adaptive mechanisms. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:931-939. [PMID: 32591648 PMCID: PMC7338444 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin family member SUMO is a covalent regulator of proteins that functions in response to various stresses, and defects in SUMO-protein conjugation or deconjugation have been implicated in multiple diseases. The loss of the Ulp2 SUMO protease, which reverses SUMO-protein modifications, in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae is severely detrimental to cell fitness and has emerged as a useful model for studying how cells adapt to SUMO system dysfunction. Both short-term and long-term adaptive mechanisms are triggered depending on the length of time cells spend without this SUMO chain-cleaving enzyme. Such short-term adaptations include a highly specific multichromosome aneuploidy and large changes in ribosomal gene transcription. While aneuploid ulp2Δ cells survive, they suffer severe defects in growth and stress resistance. Over many generations, euploidy is restored, transcriptional programs are adjusted, and specific genetic changes that compensate for the loss of the SUMO protease are observed. These long-term adapted cells grow at normal rates with no detectable defects in stress resistance. In this review, we examine the connections between SUMO and cellular adaptive mechanisms more broadly. Cellular stress caused by disrupting attachment of the ubiquitous small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins, which are present in most organisms and regulate numerous DNA processes and stress responses by attaching to key proteins, results in some remarkable adaptations. Mark Hochstrasser at Yale University, New Haven, USA, and co-workers review how this “sumoylation” is reversed by protease enzymes, and how imbalances between sumoylation and desumoylation may be linked to diseases including cancer. When certain SUMO proteases are deliberately disrupted, the cells quickly become aneuploid, i.e., carry an abnormal number of chromosomes. These cells show severe growth defects, but over many generations they regain the normal number of chromosomes. They also undergo genetic changes that promote alternative mechanisms that compensate for losing the SUMO protease and facilitate the same efficient stress responses as the original cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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22
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Lin YL, Chung CL, Chen MH, Chen CH, Fang SC. SUMO Protease SMT7 Modulates Ribosomal Protein L30 and Regulates Cell-Size Checkpoint Function. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1285-1307. [PMID: 32060174 PMCID: PMC7145494 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells actively coordinate growth and cell division to ensure cell-size homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanism through which size is controlled is poorly understood. Defect in a SUMO protease protein, suppressor of mat3 7 (SMT7), has been shown to reduce cell division number and increase cell size of the small-size mutant mating type locus 3-4 (mat3-4), which contains a defective retinoblastoma tumor suppressor-related protein of Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Here we describe development of an in vitro SUMOylation system using Chlamydomonas components and use it to provide evidence that SMT7 is a bona fide SUMO protease. We further demonstrate that the SUMO protease activity is required for supernumerous mitotic divisions of the mat3-4 cells. In addition, we identified RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L30 (RPL30) as a prime SMT7 target and demonstrated that its SUMOylation is an important modulator of cell division in mat3-4 cells. Loss of SMT7 caused elevated SUMOylated RPL30 levels. Importantly, overexpression of the translational fusion version of RPL30-SUMO4, which mimics elevation of the SUMOylated RPL30 protein in mat3-4, caused a decrease in mitotic division and recapitulated the size-increasing phenotype of the smt7-1 mat3-4 cells. In summary, our study reveals a novel mechanism through which a SUMO protease regulates cell division in the mat3-4 mutant of Chlamydomonas and provides yet another important example of the role that protein SUMOylation can play in regulating key cellular processes, including cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Lin
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Chung
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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23
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Hegde S, Soory A, Kaduskar B, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMO conjugation regulates immune signalling. Fly (Austin) 2020; 14:62-79. [PMID: 32777975 PMCID: PMC7714519 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2020.1808402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical drivers and attenuators for proteins that regulate immune signalling cascades in host defence. In this review, we explore functional roles for one such PTM, the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Very few of the SUMO conjugation targets identified by proteomic studies have been validated in terms of their roles in host defence. Here, we compare and contrast potential SUMO substrate proteins in immune signalling for flies and mammals, with an emphasis on NFκB pathways. We discuss, using the few mechanistic studies that exist for validated targets, the effect of SUMO conjugation on signalling and also explore current molecular models that explain regulation by SUMO. We also discuss in detail roles of evolutionary conservation of mechanisms, SUMO interaction motifs, crosstalk of SUMO with other PTMs, emerging concepts such as group SUMOylation and finally, the potentially transforming roles for genome-editing technologies in studying the effect of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Hegde
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Amarendranath Soory
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune, India
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhang S, Wang X, Jin M, Hsiao CD, Lin H, Han L, Liu K. Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery in Fermented Black Garlic and Potential Bioprotective Responses against Cardiovascular Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12191-12198. [PMID: 31588747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fermented black garlic has multiple beneficial biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial properties. In this study, metabolic differences in the properties of black and fresh garlic were investigated via liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-based metabolomics, leading to the identification of characteristic components. Fermented black garlic samples and their Amadori products (AC) promoted angiogenesis, prevented thrombus formation by rescuing chemical-induced vascular lesions in zebrafish, and inhibited H2O2-induced injury of endothelial cells, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. AC suppressed activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in turn, increasing the availability of c-Fos/c-Jun or c-Jun/c-Jun complexes for apoptotic resistance. Clarification of the associated signaling pathways should therefore provide a solid foundation for optimization of black garlic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Yongping Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Meng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Center for Nanotechnology , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li , Taiwan 32023 , China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Liwen Han
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
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25
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Liu SY, Ma YL, Hsu WL, Chiou HY, Lee EHY. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 Ser 503 phosphorylation-mediated Elk-1 SUMOylation promotes neuronal survival in APP/PS1 mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1793-1810. [PMID: 30849179 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) is phosphorylated by IKKα at Ser90 in a PIAS1 E3 ligase activity-dependent manner. Whether PIAS1 is also phosphorylated at other residues and the functional significance of these additional phosphorylation events are not known. The transcription factor Elk-1 remains SUMOylated under basal conditions, but the role of Elk-1 SUMOylation in brain is unknown. Here, we examined the functional significance of PIAS1-mediated Elk-1 SUMOylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and amyloid β (Aβ) microinjections in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Novel phosphorylation site(s) on PIAS1 were identified by LC-MS/MS, and MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Elk-1 demonstrated using in vitro kinase assays. Elk-1 SUMOylation by PIAS1 in brain was determined using in vitro SUMOylation assays. Apoptosis in hippocampus was assessed by measuring GADD45α expression by western blotting, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 mice was assessed by TUNEL assay. KEY RESULTS Using LC-MS/MS, we identified a novel MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation site on PIAS1 at Ser503 and showed this phosphorylation determines PIAS1 E3 ligase activity. In rat brain, Elk-1 was SUMOylated by PIAS1, which decreased Elk-1 phosphorylation and down-regulated GADD45α expression. Moreover, lentiviral-mediated transduction of Elk-1-SUMO1 reduced the number of hippocampal apoptotic neurons in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of PIAS1 at Ser503 determines PIAS1 E3 ligase activity. Moreover, PIAS1 mediates SUMOylation of Elk-1, which functions as an endogenous defence mechanism against Aβ toxicity in vivo. Targeting Elk-1 SUMOylation could be considered a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Baltriukiene D, Kalvelyte A, Bukelskiene V. Induction of Apoptosis and Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK Pathways in Deoxynivalenol-Treated Cell Lines. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 35:53-9. [PMID: 17411352 DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by what are thought to be the most prevalent toxin-producing fungi of the Fusarium genus. Here, we present the results of apoptosis induction, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and expression of the c-Jun protein after DON treatment, in a pre-B lymphocyte REH cell line. In addition, human pre-T lymphocyte Jurkat, hamster kidney-derived BHK21 and mouse hepatoma MH-22a cells were used in comparative experiments in vitro. We found that the DON effect was cell origin-dependent and dose-dependent, with a significant slow-down of cell proliferation and increase of apoptotic cells in blood cell lines. BHK21 and MH-22a cells were less sensitive to the DON effect. In blood-derived REH and Jurkat cells, DON-induced apoptotic changes were preceded by an increase in JNK and p38 MAPKs phosphorylation, as well as in c-Jun expression. However, the activation of JNK phosphorylation and c-Jun expression were transient, but did not coincide with each other. An inhibitor of JNK1/2, SP600125, had a negligible negative effect on REH cell viability after DON treatment, demonstrating that JNK does not contribute to DON-induced apoptosis. In contrast, studies on the role of p38 MAPK revealed that p38 signalling is required for DON-induced apoptosis in REH cells.
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27
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Fredericksen F, Villalba M, Maldonado N, Payne G, Torres F, Olavarría VH. Sumoylation of nucleoprotein (NP) mediated by activation of NADPH oxidase complex is a consequence of oxidative cellular stress during infection by Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus necessary to viral progeny. Virology 2019; 531:269-279. [PMID: 30974383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of nucleoprotein viral and the infectious virus in SHK-1 cells. The results show a strong respiratory burst activation and the induction of p47phox, SOD, GLURED, and apoptotic genes. Additionally, the cells alter the profile of SUMOylated proteins by the effect of transfection and infection experiments. In silico analyses show a set of structural motifs in NP susceptible of post-translational modification by the SUMO protein. Interestingly, the inhibition of the NADPH oxidase complex blocked the production of reactive oxygen species and the high level of cellular ROS due to the nucleoprotein and the ISAv. At the same time, the blocking of the p38MAPK signaling pathway and the use of Aristotelia chilensis, decreased viral progeny production. These results suggest that the NP triggers a strong production of ROS and modifying the post-translational profile mediated by SUMO-2/3, a phenomenon that favors the production of new virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fredericksen
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Melina Villalba
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gardenia Payne
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Víctor H Olavarría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile.
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Zhao Y, Zheng D, Cvekl A. A comprehensive spatial-temporal transcriptomic analysis of differentiating nascent mouse lens epithelial and fiber cells. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:56-72. [PMID: 29883638 PMCID: PMC6167154 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of both the molecular composition and organization of the ocular lens is a prerequisite to understand its development, function, pathology, regenerative capacity, as well as to model lens development and disease using in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Lens is comprised of the anterior lens epithelium and posterior lens fibers, which form the bulk of the lens. Lens fibers differentiate from lens epithelial cells through cell cycle exit-coupled differentiation that includes cellular elongation, accumulation of crystallins, cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling, and degradation of organelles within the central region of the lens. Here, we profiled spatiotemporal expression dynamics of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs from microdissected mouse nascent lens epithelium and lens fibers at four developmental time points (embryonic [E] day 14.5, E16.5, E18.5, and P0.5) by RNA-seq. During this critical time window, multiple complex biosynthetic and catabolic processes generate the molecular and structural foundation for lens transparency. Throughout this developmental window, 3544 and 3518 genes show consistently and significantly greater expression in the nascent lens epithelium and fibers, respectively. Comprehensive data analysis confirmed major roles of FGF-MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and BMP signaling pathways and revealed significant novel contributions of mTOR, EIF2, EIF4, and p70S6K signaling in lens formation. Unbiased motif analysis within promoter regions of these genes with consistent expression changes between epithelium and fiber cells revealed an enrichment for both established (e.g. E2Fs, Etv5, Hsf4, c-Maf, MafG, MafK, N-Myc, and Pax6) transcription factors and a number of novel regulators of lens formation, such as Arntl2, Dmrta2, Stat5a, Stat5b, and Tulp3. In conclusion, the present RNA-seq data serves as a comprehensive reference resource for deciphering molecular principles of normal mammalian lens differentiation, mapping a full spectrum of signaling pathways and DNA-binding transcription factors operating in both lens compartments, and predicting novel pathways required to establish lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh P, Singh DP. Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 repairs aberrant Sumoylation-mediated Sp1 dysregulation-dependent Prdx6 repression and cell injury in aging and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2284-2315. [PMID: 30215601 PMCID: PMC6188488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of antioxidant response in aging is a major culprit in the initiation of age-related pathobiology induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a marked reduction in transcription factor Sp1 and its mediated Prdx6 expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs) leading to cell death. Herein, we examined how Sp1 activity goes awry during oxidative stress/aging, and whether it is remediable. We found that Sp1 is hyper-Sumoylated at lysine (K) 16 residue in aging LECs. DNA binding and promoter assays revealed, in aging and oxidative stress, a significant reduction in Sp1 overall binding, and specifically to Prdx6 promoter. Expression/overexpression assay revealed that the observed reduction in Sp1-DNA binding activity was connected to its hyper-Sumoylation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sumo1 levels, and reduced levels of Senp1, Prdx6 and Sp1. Mutagenesis of Sp1 at K16R (arginine) residue restored steady-state, and improved Sp1-DNA binding activity and transactivation potential. Extrinsic expression of Sp1K16R increased cell survival and reduced ROS levels by upregulating Prdx6 expression in LECs under aging/oxidative stress, demonstrating that Sp1K16R escapes the aberrant Sumoylation processes. Intriguingly, the deleterious processes are reversible by the delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6, an antioxidant, which would be a candidate molecule to restrict aging pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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30
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Stankovic-Valentin N, Melchior F. Control of SUMO and Ubiquitin by ROS: Signaling and disease implications. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30059710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) ensure rapid signal transmission from sensors to effectors. Reversible modification of proteins by the small proteins Ubiquitin and SUMO are involved in virtually all cellular processes and can modify thousands of proteins. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation is the reversible attachment of these modifiers to lysine residues of a target via isopeptide bond formation. These modifications require ATP and an enzymatic cascade composed of three classes of proteins: E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. The reversibility of the modification is ensured by specific isopeptidases. E1 and E2 enzymes, some E3 ligases and most isopeptidases have catalytic cysteine residues, which make them potentially susceptible for oxidation. Indeed, an increasing number of examples reveal regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation by reactive oxygen species, both in the context of redox signaling and in severe oxidative stress. Importantly, ubiquitination and SUMOylation play essential roles in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, participating in the control of ROS production and clearance. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between ROS homeostasis, Ubiquitin and SUMO pathways and the implications for the oxidative stress response and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Greenlee M, Alonso A, Rahman M, Meednu N, Davis K, Tabb V, Cook R, Miller RK. The TOG protein Stu2/XMAP215 interacts covalently and noncovalently with SUMO. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:290-306. [PMID: 29729126 PMCID: PMC6712953 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stu2p is the yeast member of the XMAP215/Dis1/ch‐TOG family of microtubule‐associated proteins that promote microtubule polymerization. However, the factors that regulate its activity are not clearly understood. Here we report that Stu2p in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae interacts with SUMO by covalent and noncovalent mechanisms. Stu2p interacted by two‐hybrid analysis with the yeast SUMO Smt3p, its E2 Ubc9p, and the E3 Nfi1p. A region of Stu2p containing the dimerization domain was both necessary and sufficient for interaction with SUMO and Ubc9p. Stu2p was found to be sumoylated both in vitro and in vivo. Stu2p copurified with SUMO in a pull‐down assay and vice versa. Stu2p also bound to a nonconjugatable form of SUMO, suggesting that Stu2p can interact noncovalently with SUMO. In addition, Stu2p interacted with the STUbL enzyme Ris1p. Stu2p also copurified with ubiquitin in a pull‐down assay, suggesting that it can be modified by both SUMO and ubiquitin. Tubulin, a major binding partner of Stu2p, also interacted noncovalently with SUMO. By two‐hybrid analysis, the beta‐tubulin Tub2p interacted with SUMO independently of the microtubule stressor, benomyl. Together, these findings raise the possibility that the microtubule polymerization activities mediated by Stu2p are regulated through sumoylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Greenlee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Annabel Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Maliha Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Nida Meednu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
| | - Kayla Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Victoria Tabb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - River Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Rita K Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
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32
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Glutathionylation: a regulatory role of glutathione in physiological processes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:1-24. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an intracellular thiol molecule and a potent antioxidant that participates in the toxic metabolism phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics. It can bind to a variety of proteins in a process known as glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is now recognised as one of important posttranslational regulatory mechanisms in cell and tissue physiology. Direct and indirect regulatory roles in physiological processes include glutathionylation of major transcriptional factors, eicosanoids, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO). This review looks into these regulatory mechanisms through examples of glutathione regulation in apoptosis, vascularisation, metabolic processes, mitochondrial integrity, immune system, and neural physiology. The focus is on the physiological roles of glutathione beyond biotransformational metabolism.
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The Role of Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Family Members in CD30-Positive Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040093. [PMID: 29597249 PMCID: PMC5923348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor (TF) family, composed of a variety of members including c-JUN, c-FOS and ATF, is involved in mediating many biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Since their discovery, the role of AP-1 TFs in cancer development has been extensively analysed. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the complexity of these TFs, mainly due to their cell-type specific homo- or hetero-dimerization resulting in diverse transcriptional response profiles. However, as a result of the increasing knowledge of the role of AP-1 TFs in disease, these TFs are being recognized as promising therapeutic targets for various malignancies. In this review, we focus on the impact of deregulated expression of AP-1 TFs in CD30-positive lymphomas including Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.
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34
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Tang F, He Z, Lei H, Chen Y, Lu Z, Zeng G, Wang H. Identification of differentially expressed genes and biological pathways in bladder cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532898 PMCID: PMC5928619 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify key genes and investigate the related molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer (BC) progression. From the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the gene expression dataset GSE7476 was downloaded, which contained 43 BC samples and 12 normal bladder tissues. GSE7476 was analyzed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for the DEGs using the DAVID database, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed using Cytoscape software. The results of the GO analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in cell division, nucleoplasm and protein binding, while the downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in ‘extracellular matrix organization’, ‘proteinaceous extracellular matrix’ and ‘heparin binding’. The results of the KEGG pathway analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the ‘cell cycle’, whereas the downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in ‘complement and coagulation cascades’. JUN, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, FOS, PCNA, TOP2A, CCND1 and CDH1 were found to be hub genes in the PPI network. Sub-networks revealed that these gene were enriched in significant pathways, including the ‘cell cycle’ signaling pathway and ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’. In summary, the present study identified DEGs and key target genes in the progression of BC, providing potential molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucai Tang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Hanqi Lei
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Yuehan Chen
- Nanshan College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Zechao Lu
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Hangtao Wang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
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35
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Li N, Xie C, Lu NH. p53, a potential predictor of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated gastric carcinogenesis? Oncotarget 2018; 7:66276-66286. [PMID: 27556187 PMCID: PMC5323233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an ancient and persistent inhabitant of the human stomach that is closely linked to the development of gastric cancer (GC). . Emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori strain interactions with gastric epithelial cells subvert the best- characterized p53 tumour suppressor pathway. A high prevalence of p53 mutations is related to H. pylori infection. H. pylori also accelerates p53 protein degradation by disturbing the MDM2-P53 feedback loop. Additionally, H. pylori triggers the alteration of other p53 isoforms. Dysregulation of p53 by H. pylori infection contributes to gastric carcinogenesis by mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis. This review focuses on the regulation of p53 in H. pylori infection-associated GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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36
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Lee JS, Choi HJ, Baek SH. Sumoylation and Its Contribution to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:283-298. [PMID: 28197919 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications play an important role in regulating protein activity by altering their functions. Sumoylation is a highly dynamic process which is tightly regulated by a fine balance between conjugating and deconjugating enzyme activities. It affects intracellular localization and their interaction with their binding partners, thereby changing gene expression. Consequently, these changes in turn affect signaling mechanisms that regulate many cellular functions, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis , DNA repair , and cell survival. It is becoming apparent that deregulation in the SUMO pathway contributes to oncogenic transformation by affecting sumoylation/desumoylation of many oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Loss of balance between sumoylation and desumoylation has been reported in a number of studies in a variety of disease types including cancer. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms and functions of the deregulated SUMO pathway affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hee June Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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37
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Abstract
Protein modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can affect protein function, enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, protein targeting and cellular localization. SUMO influences the function and regulation of metabolic enzymes within pathways, and in some cases targets entire metabolic pathways by affecting the activity of transcription factors or by facilitating the translocation of entire metabolic pathways to subcellular compartments. SUMO modification is also a key component of nutrient- and metabolic-sensing mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism. In addition to its established roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, there is increasing evidence that SUMO is a key factor in facilitating cellular stress responses through the regulation and/or adaptation of the most fundamental metabolic processes, including energy and nucleotide metabolism. This review focuses on the role of SUMO in cellular metabolism and metabolic disease.
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38
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Du F, Yang Q, Hou J, Yan X, Geng Y, Zhao Y, Wang H. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by RNA‑sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6674-6682. [PMID: 28901494 PMCID: PMC5865798 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RNA‑sequencing profiles GSM629264 and GSM629265, from the GSE25599 data set, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by quality evaluation. GSM629264 and GSM629265 were from HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues, respectively. TopHat software was used for alignment analysis, followed by the detection of novel splicing sites. In addition, the Cufflinks software package was used to analyze gene expressions, and the Cuffdiff program was used to screen for differently expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed splicing variants. Gene ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were also performed. Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate DEGs were identified, and a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The hub node in the PPI network was obtained, and the TFs and miRNAs that regulated the hub node were further predicted. The quality of the sequencing data met the standards for analysis, and the clean reads were ~65%. Most sequencing reads mapped into coding sequence exons (CDS_exons), whereas other reads mapped into exon 3' untranslated regions (UTR_Exons), 5'UTR_Exons and Introns. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs between HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues were screened. Genes of differentially expressed splicing variants were identified, including vesicle‑associated membrane protein 4, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 and growth arrest specific 5. Screened DEGs were enriched in the complement pathway. In the PPI network, ubiquitin C (UBC) was the hub node. UBC was predicted to be regulated by several TFs, including specificity protein 1 (SP1), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), proto‑oncogene c‑JUN (JUN), FOS‑like antigen 2 (FOSL2) and SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), and several miRNAs, including miR‑30 and miR‑181. Results from the present study demonstrated that UBC, SP1, FOS, JUN, FOSL2, SMARCA4, miR‑30 and miR‑181 may participate in the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
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A simple toolset to identify endogenous post-translational modifications for a target protein: a snapshot of the EGFR signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170919. [PMID: 28724604 PMCID: PMC6192658 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of a novel post-translational modification (PTM) for a target protein, defining its physiologic role, and studying its potential crosstalk with other PTMs is a challenging process. A set of highly sensitive tools termed Signal-Seeker kits was developed, which enables rapid and simple detection of post-translational modifications on any target protein. The methodology for these tools utilizes affinity purification of modified proteins from a cell or tissue lysate and immunoblot analysis. These tools utilize a single lysis system that is effective at identifying endogenous, dynamic PTM changes, as well as the potential crosstalk between PTMs. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the acetylation, tyrosine phosphorylation, SUMOylation 2/3, and ubiquitination profiles of the EGFR - Ras - c-Fos axis were examined in response to EGF stimulation. All 10 previously identified PTMs of this signaling axis were confirmed using these tools, and it also identified acetylation as a novel modification of c-Fos. This axis in the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway was chosen because it is a well-established signaling pathway with proteins localized in the membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear compartments that ranged in abundance from 4.18x108 (EGFR) to 1.35x104 (c-Fos) molecules per A431 cell. These tools enabled the identification of low abundance PTMs, such as c-Fos Ac, at 17 molecules per cell. These studies highlight how pervasive PTMs are, and how stimulants like EGF induce multiple PTM changes on downstream signaling axis. Identification of endogenous changes and potential crosstalk between multiple PTMs for a target protein or signaling axis will provide regulatory mechanistic insight to investigators.
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Peters M, Wielsch B, Boltze J. The role of SUMOylation in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Huhe M, Liu S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Expression levels of transcription factors c-Fos and c-Jun and transmembrane protein HAb18G/CD147 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2991-3000. [PMID: 28358415 PMCID: PMC5428553 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the expression of transcription factors, c-Fos, c-Jun and transmembrane protein CD147, in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). The current study investigated the clinical significance of these factors in the development, progression and survival analysis of UCB. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze c-Fos, c-Jun and CD147 expression in 41 UCB cases and 34 non-cancerous human bladder tissues. These results were scored in a semi-quantitative manner based on the intensity and percentage of tumor cells that presented immunoreactivity. Protein levels of CD147, c-Fos and c-Jun expression were upregulated in 22 (53.7%), 10 (24.4%) and 9 (22.0%) UCB cases, respectively. High levels of c-Jun correlated with the AJCC cancer staging manual (7th edition; P=0.038). Univariate analysis revealed that upregulated CD147 (P=0.038) or c-Jun (P=0.008) was associated with poor overall survival (OS), respectively. Further analysis revealed that either CD147-c-Fos-c-Jun co-expression (P=0.004), or CD147-c-Jun co-expression (P=0.037) and c-Fos-c-Jun co-expression (P<0.001) were associated with poor OS. Multivariate analysis suggested that either upregulation of CD147, c-Jun or c-Fos were independent risk indicators for death in UCB patients. Increased expression of c-Jun or CD147, as well as co-expression of CD147-c-Jun, c-Jun-c-Fos or CD147-c-Jun-c-Fos has prognostic significance for UCB patients. Therefore, high CD147 and c-Jun expression may serve roles in tumor progression and may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets in UCB whether alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muren Huhe
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Cheng X, Xiong R, Li Y, Li F, Zhou X, Wang A. Sumoylation of Turnip mosaic virus RNA Polymerase Promotes Viral Infection by Counteracting the Host NPR1-Mediated Immune Response. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:508-525. [PMID: 28223439 PMCID: PMC5385955 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a transient, reversible dynamic posttranslational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes including plant-pathogen interactions. Sumoylation of NPR1, a master regulator of basal and systemic acquired resistance to a broad spectrum of plant pathogens, activates the defense response. Here, we report that NIb, the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) that targets the nucleus upon translation, interacts exclusively with and is sumoylated by SUMO3 (SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER3), but not the three other Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO paralogs. TuMV infection upregulates SUMO3 expression, and the sumoylation of NIb by SUMO3 regulates the nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of NIb. We identified the SUMO-interacting motif in NIb that is essential for its sumoylation and found that knockout or overexpression of SUMO3 suppresses TuMV replication and attenuates viral symptoms, suggesting that SUMO3 plays dual roles as a host factor of TuMV and as an antiviral defender. Sumoylation of NIb by SUMO3 is crucial for its role in suppressing the host immune response. Taken together, our findings reveal that sumoylation of NIb promotes TuMV infection by retargeting NIb from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where viral replication takes place and by suppressing host antiviral responses through counteracting the TuMV infection-induced, SUMO3-activated, NPR1-mediated resistance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Ruyi Xiong
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Yang P, Wang CY. Sumoylation Modulates the Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:299-322. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sumoylation as an Integral Mechanism in Bacterial Infection and Disease Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:389-408. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Powell D, Knibb W, Nguyen NH, Elizur A. Transcriptional Profiling of Banana Shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis with Differing Levels of Viral Load. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1131-1143. [PMID: 27252205 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens are of serious concern to the culture of penaeid shrimps worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular response of shrimp to viral infection. Selective breeding has been suggested as an effective long-term strategy to manage viral disease, though more information on gene function is needed to help inform breeding programs. The study of cultured banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) infected with hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (HPV) provides a unique opportunity to explore the host response to viral infection independent of challenge testing. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance to high levels of HPV, we examined hepatopancreas tissue from six full-sib groups of banana shrimp with differing levels of HPV infection for differences in gene expression. A total of 404 differentially expressed genes were identified with 180 being over-expressed and 224 under-expressed among high-HPV full-sib groups. Based on homology analysis, a large proportion of these genes were associated with processes reported to be involved in the immune response of crustaceans, including pattern recognition proteins, antimicrobial peptides, components of the prophenoloxidase system, and antiviral activity. The results indicate shrimp from high-HPV full-sib groups appear to have a lower presence of important immune response elements, yet possess upregulated putative antiviral pathways. Within the differentially expressed genes, over 4000 sequence variants were identified to be exclusive to either the high- or low-HPV full-sib groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report of differential expression analysis using RNA-Seq to explore differences in viral load among high- and low-HPV full-sib groups of cultured shrimp. This research has provided additional insight into our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the response of this shrimp species to a naturally occurring viral pathogen. Sequence variants identified in this study offer an exceptional resource for mining gene-associated markers of HPV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Wayne Knibb
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Nguyen Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
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Yamashita D, Moriuchi T, Osumi T, Hirose F. Transcription Factor hDREF Is a Novel SUMO E3 Ligase of Mi2α. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11619-34. [PMID: 27068747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transcription factor DNA replication-related element-binding factor (hDREF) is essential for the transcription of a number of housekeeping genes. The mechanisms underlying constitutively active transcription by hDREF were unclear. Here, we provide evidence that hDREF possesses small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase activity and can specifically SUMOylate Mi2α, an ATP-dependent DNA helicase in the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation complex. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining and biochemical analyses showed that coexpression of hDREF and SUMO-1 resulted in dissociation of Mi2α from chromatin, whereas a SUMOylation-defective Mi2α mutant remained tightly bound to chromatin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Mi2α expression diminished transcription of the ribosomal protein genes, which are positively regulated by hDREF. In contrast, coexpression of hDREF and SUMO-1 suppressed the transcriptional repression by Mi2α. These data indicate that hDREF might incite transcriptional activation by SUMOylating Mi2α, resulting in the dissociation of Mi2α from the gene loci. We propose a novel mechanism for maintaining constitutively active states of a number of hDREF target genes through SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamashita
- From the Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takanobu Moriuchi
- From the Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takashi Osumi
- From the Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hirose
- From the Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Chen G, Han N, Li G, Li X, Li G, Li Z, Li Q. Time course analysis based on gene expression profile and identification of target molecules for colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:22. [PMID: 27013928 PMCID: PMC4806509 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the expression changes of genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) and screen the potential molecular targets. METHODS The GSE37178 of mRNA expression profile including the CRC samples extracted by surgical resection and the paired normal samples was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The genes whose expressions were changed at four different time points were screened and clustered using Mfuzz package. Then DAVID was used to perform the functional and pathway enrichment analysis for genes in different clusters. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for genes in the clusters according to the STRING database. Furthermore, the related-transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were obtained based on the resources in databases and then were combined with the PPI networks in each cluster to construct the integrated network containing genes, TFs and miRNAs. RESULTS As a result, 314 genes were clustered into four groups. Genes in cluster 1 and cluster 2 showed a decreasing trend, while genes in cluster 3 and cluster 4 presented an increasing trend. Then 18 TFs (e.g., TCF4, MEF2C and FOS) and 18 miRNAs (e.g., miR-382, miR-217, miR-1184, miR-326 and miR-330-5p) were identified and three integrated networks for cluster 1, 3, and 4 were constructed. CONCLUSIONS The results implied that expression of PITX2, VSNL1, TCF4, MEF2C and FOS are time-related and associated with CRC development, accompanied by several miRNAs including miR-382, miR-217, miR-21, miR-1184, miR-326 and miR-330-5p. All of them might be used as potential diagnostic or therapeutic target molecules for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Zengchun Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Qinchuan Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
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Ristic M, Brockly F, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Posttranslational Modifications Using the Proximity Ligation Assay: Application to the Study of the SUMO Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:279-90. [PMID: 27613043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The detection of protein-protein interactions by imaging techniques often requires the overexpression of the proteins of interest tagged with fluorescent molecules, which can affect their biological properties and, subsequently, flaw experiment interpretations. The recent development of the proximity ligation assays (PLA) technology allows easy visualization of endogenous protein-protein interactions at the single molecule level. PLA relies on the use of combinations of antibodies coupled to complementary oligonucleotides that are amplified and revealed with a fluorescent probe, each spot representing a single protein-protein interaction. Another application of this technique is the detection of proteins posttranslational modifications to monitor their localization and dynamics in situ. Here, we describe the use of PLA to detect protein SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification related to ubiquitination, as well as interaction of SUMOylated substrates with other proteins, using both adherent and suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Ristic
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Frédérique Brockly
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.
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Abstract
SUMO is a ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently conjugated to numerous cellular proteins to modify their function and fate. Although large progresses have been made in the identification of SUMOylated proteins, the molecular consequences of their SUMOylation are generally unknown. This is, most often, due to the low abundance of SUMOylated proteins in the cell, usually less than 1 % of a given protein being modified at steady state. To gain insights into the role of specific SUMOylation targets, SUMO conjugation can be reconstituted in vitro using purified proteins. However, for most substrates, the efficiency of in vitro SUMOylation is too low to obtain sufficient amounts of their SUMOylated forms for biochemical studies. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to purify large amounts of recombinant SUMOylated proteins using bacteria modified to express His-tagged SUMO as well as the SUMO-activating and -conjugating enzymes.
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50
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao Y, Huang C, Zhou A, Zhou Y, Li Y. Sequential posttranslational modifications regulate PKC degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:410-20. [PMID: 26564794 PMCID: PMC4713141 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PKC phosphorylation promotes its sumoylation, which in turn inhibits its ubiquitination and ultimately reduces its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the activation-induced down-regulation of PKC proteins. Cross-talk among different types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for protein function. Here we elucidate a mechanism that controls PKCα stability via a sequential cascade of PTMs. We demonstrate that PKCα dephosphorylation decreases its sumoylation, which in turn promotes its ubiquitination and ultimately enhances its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the activation-induced down-regulation of PKC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yangbo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingwei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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